ແບບຮຽນ ເຄມີສາດ ມ7

2. ōįįĽŋĮ
ŌĥĵńĺŁĪ
ĨŀœĮĵ ŀĪĭĿĩʼnĵĺŅģĺŁ İńĭń 7
ĽŋįĽŋĦŎĪĩ: Ľĺ. ĭļĦĺń įŇĮİĿŌĺńĪ, ĵĿĻŁĹŃĭĿĩŁŐĸōĻŒĦĨŁĪ
ĥ ŗŁijļĮ İŀĮĩŁĹʼnĦ, ĵĿĻŁĹŃĭĿĩŁŐĸōĻŒĦĨŁĪ
ŌijŀĪĺĿţļĮ ĺńįŇĮŌĽņļĦ, ĺ.Ĺ.ĺ
ĥ ŗŁŌıńĩ ŌijŀĦŐĤ, ĺňĮĺŅģĺŁĮŃŌĭĪĮĿĥļĮĻŊĹĦ
ŐĨĩĿģļĮ İŀĮĩŁĭļĦ, ĺ.Ĺ.ĺ
ĭŁ ĺļĮŌijŀĪ, ĺ.Ĺ.ĺ
ĹŃōļŀĪ ōģŒĮijĿħ ŀĮ, ĺ.Ĺ.ĺ
ģĹĪōģœŎĪĩ: ĭļĦōģœĹ ļŁĺŁ, ĺ.Ĺ.ĺ
ŌijŀĪĺĿţļĮ ĺńįŇĮŌĽņļĦ, ĺ.Ĺ.ĺ
ijŃĵŌĤʼnœŁŢœŁŎĪĩ: ĭŁ ĺļĮŌijŀĪ, ĺ.Ĺ.ĺ
ŎĪĩģŁĮĽŒĹĵĵņħŁģ: êûèþ ôýàôúÝôýä, ćÞóàĆâÝöà
éāèáúèòþ òþĆãČ ãðþ, ćÞóàĊâôăïéĂè
öāäăïíöè áýäæûóöè, ćÞóàõĄóàíùéûà
ćôàöûòāè éāèïûÝ, ćÞóàõĄóàèđčûçû
Ćíúäôùĝöè ćÝčóöČ öèõĄčû, ćÞóàáđûêûôúÝ
ģĿĨĹĦĺŅģĺŁĭŃģŁĮ ōĸĿ ģŃĸŁ
ĺĿĬŁįŀĮĥʼnœĮĥĹœŁĹŃĭĿĩŁĺŁĪģŁĮĺŅģĺŁ
2016
ສ.ວ.ສ
ສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ

4. ĥ ŗŁĮ ŗŁ
İŅœĵōįįĽŋĮ ĵ7 ŌĻŊŀœĵĮńœ ŐĪœĽŀįģŁĮĽŋįĽŋĦĤŅœĮŎĪĩŏĻœĺļĪĥŒļĦģ ŀįĻŊŀģĺňĪĨŀœĮĵ ŀĪ
ĭĿĩʼnĵīļĮİŁĩ ŌijņŒ ļīļįĺĿŢļĦīŗŒĥĹŁĵĽŋģĽœļĦīœļĦģŁĮģ ŀįĺĿijŁįģŁĮİŒŋĮōİĦ
ĤļĦŌĺĪĬĿģŃĪ-ĺŀĦĥʼnĵŏĮİŀĪħŇįŀĮ ĭŀĦĻĩŀįŌĤʼnœŁŏģœģ ŀįĺŁģ ʼnĮ, įŀĮĸŇīŁĵ 5 ĻŊŀģĵňĮ ōĸĿ
3 ĸŀģĺĿĮĿĤļĦģŁĮĺŅģĺŁ ōĸĿ ōĭĪŌţŁĿģ ŀįĩŇĪĭĿĺŁĪĤļĦģŁĮijŀĪĭĿĮŁģŁĮĺŅģ
ĺŁĭńŒ ģĿĨĹĦĺŅģĺŁĭŃģŁĮ ōĸĿ ģŃĸŁ ĹŁĦļļģ.
ŎĥĦĺœŁĦĤļĦİŅœĵĻʼnĹĮńœ ōįŒĦļļģŌİŀĮ 7 ijŁģ ĥņ: ŌĥĵńŌĪńĮŌĥņŒļĮ, ĭŁĪĸĿĸŁĩ
ōĸĿģŁĮİŇĦōīŒĦĭŁĪĸĿĸŁĩ, ģŁĮĪŇĮĪŒŋĦĭŁĦŌĥĵń, ĭŃĪĺĿĪńģŁĮōīģīʼnĹĤļĦĭŁĪĹŃ
ŌĥŁĿŐĴĴœŁ, ŐĴĴœŁŌĥĵń, ŌĥĵńļŁĻŁĮ ōĸĿıĿĸŃĪīĿijŀĮ ōĸĿ ļŇĪĺŁ ĻĿģ ŗŁŌĥĵń.
ōīŒĸĿijŁģŐĪœōįŒĦļļģŌİŀĮįʼnĪ ŌĨŃŒĦĸĹĵĭŀĦţʼnĪĵń 34 įʼnĪ, ōīŒĸĿįʼnĪ ĵńĥ ŗŁĬŁĵ
ōĸĿ įʼnĪŌIJŃģĻŀĪ, įŁĦįʼnĪ ĵńģŃĪħĿģ ŗŁ ĻŊņ ģŁĮĭʼnĪĸļĦŏĻœĮ ŀģĽŋĮŐĪœİĿīŃįŀĪ ŌĨŃŒĦŌİŀĮ
ŌİʼnœŁţŁĩĺ ŗŁĸŀįıňœĽŋĮĭŇģĥʼnĮŐĪœijŀĪĭĿĮŁĥĹŁĵĽňœ ĤĿįĹĮģŁĮĥŃĪ, ĤĿįĹĮģŁĮĺņį
ĺĹĮĻŁĥĹŁĵĽňœ, ģŁĮōģœŐĤįŀĮĻŁ, ĥĹŁĵĺŁĵŁĪŏĮģŁĮĺņŒĺŁĮ, ģŁĮīŀĪĺŃĮŏħ, ģŁĮ
Į ŗŁĥĹŁĵĽňœŐİŏĨœİĿŎĻĩĪŏĮĨńĹŃĪİĿħ ŗŁĹŀĮ īĿĻŊļĪŌĬŃĦģŁĮĵńħŃĪĹŃĭĿĩŁĺŁĪ ĥŇĮĮĿ
ĭ ŗŁ, ĥŒŁĮŃĩʼnĵĭńŒ ĬņģīœļĦ ōĸĿ ŌţŁĿĺʼnĵ ŎĪĩĵŇŒĦŌĮŀœĮģŁĮŌİŀĮĸŁĹ ĥĹįĥňŒģ ŀįģŁĮŌİŀĮ
ĺŁģ ʼnĮ.
ŏĮģŁĮĽŋįĽŋĦİŅœĵĥŀœĦĮńœŐĪœĽŀįģŁĮĽŒĹĵĵņŌİŀĮĶŒŁĦĪńħŁģĥňļŁħŁĮ ıňœĨʼnĦĥŇĮĹŇĪĭŃ
Į ŀģĹŃĨŁģŁĮħŁģĤĿōŢĦĺŅģĺŁ ōĸĿ ĥňĺļĮħŁģĺĿĬŁįŀĮīŒŁĦő. ĪŀŒĦĮ ŀœĮ, ĺĿĬŁįŀĮ
ĥʼnœĮĥĹœŁĹŃĭĿĩŁĺŁĪģŁĮĺŅģĺŁ ħŅŒĦĤŗĤļįŏħŐĹœĮĿĭńŒ ĮńœĪœĹĩ. ŏĮģŁĮħ ŀĪĭ ŗŁİŅœĵōįįĽŋĮ
ŌĥĵńĺŁĪ ĵ7 ŌĻŊŀœĵĮńœ ĥʼnĦįŗŒİŁĺĿħŁģĤŗœĤŁĪīʼnģįʼnģijŒļĦŐĪœ ōīŒĻĹŀĦĶŒŁĦĩŃŒĦĹŒŁĵ ŀĮĥʼnĦħĿ
ŌİŀĮİĿŎĻĩĪōģŒĮ ŀģĽŋĮ, ıňœĺļĮ ōĸĿ ıňœģŒŋĹĤœļĦĭŇģIJŒŁĩŌijņŒ ļĨŒĹĩŌĽŀĪŏĻœģŁĮħ ŀĪ
ģŁĮĽŋĮ-ģŁĮĺļĮŌĥĵńĺŁĪĵńİĿĺŃĪĭŃıʼnĮĺňĦĤŅœĮ.
ĺĿĮ ŀœĮ, ŌĵņŒļĭŒŁĮıňœĨʼnĵŏĨœĻŁģijʼnįŌĻŀĮĺŃŒĦĭńŒ ĥĹĮĪŀĪōİĦ ĻŊņ ĵńĤŗœĺĿŌŢńŏĮōĦŒĺœŁĦ
ĺŀĮ Ĥŗħ ʼnŒĦģĿĸŇĮŁĺʼnŒĦĥ ŗŁĥŃĪŌĻŀĮŐİĩŀĦĥĿĮĿĽŋįĽŋĦĭńŒ ĺĿĬŁįŀĮĥʼnœĮĥĹœŁĹŃĭĿĩŁĺŁĪ
ģŁĮĺŅģĺŁ ŌijņŒ ļħĿŐĪœĮ ŗŁŐİŌİŀĮĤŗœĵňĮŏĮģŁĮİŀįİŇĦĥŀœĦīŗŒŐİŏĻœĪńĤŅœĮ ĭŇģĥ ŗŁĥŃĪŌĻŀĮħĿĬņ
ĹŒŁŌİŀĮĺŃŒĦĺ ŗŁĥŀĮĩŃŒĦ ōĸĿ ĤŗĤļįŏħĶŒŁĦħŃĦŏħīŗŒĥĹŁĵĻĹŀĦĪńĤļĦįŀĮĪŁĭŒŁĮĪœĹĩ.
ĺĿĬŁįŀĮĥʼnœĮĥĹœŁĹŃĭĿĩŁĺŁĪģŁĮĺŅģĺŁ
2016
ສ.ວ.ສ
ສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ

6. ĺŁĸĿįŁĮ
ŢœŁ
ijŁģĭń I ¡‹šÃ¡‘Ô¡‹Åɝ” .............................................................................. 1
įʼnĪĭń 1 Á‘’Ÿ‰Ÿ”¡‰Ã‘–ž’‰¾Ÿ¡‹šÃ ........................................................ 1
įʼnĪĭń 2 ‰Æ‘¡‰”Á‘’Ÿ ¢¾ž Á”‘Á•ŠŒ–ž’‰¾Ÿ .......................................... 7
įʼnĪĭń 3 Â‘ŽÀŸ”ĉ‰ÉÔÒ‰Á•‰Ÿ”¡‰Ã‘–ž’‰¾Ÿ¡‹šÃ ...................................... 16
įʼnĪĭń 4 ‰Æ”¥‰ŠŒ–ž’‰¾Ÿ¡‹šÃ ¢¾ž –Á‘¥’ÉŸŒ¦¼Ãɚ×Ɣ’ÀɝÁ‘’Ÿ‰Ÿ”¡‰Ã‘
–ž’‰¾Ÿ¡‹šÃ .......................................................................... 20
ijŁģĭń II ¼Ÿ‘¾ž¾Ÿ ¢¾ž ‰Ÿ”–ÇŒ¢’ÉŒ¼Ÿ‘¾ž¾Ÿ ................................... 24
įʼnĪĭń 5 ¼Ÿ‘¾ž¾Ÿ ¢¾ž ‹ÒŸš¡ŠÁÊšŠÇÊ” ................................................... 24
įʼnĪĭń 6 ‰Ÿ”–ÇŒ¢’ÉŒ¼Ÿ‘¾ž¾Ÿ .............................................................. 32
įʼnĪĭń 7 •ŸŒ¾Á‰Žž”žŠŒ¼Ÿ‘¾ž¾Ÿ .................................................... 42
ijŁģĭń III ‰Ÿ”‘Ç”‘ÉÔŒ¼ŸŒ¡‹šÃ ................................................................... 46
įʼnĪĭń 8 ‰Ÿ”‘ÇÉ”‘ÉÔŒ¡‹šÃ ¢¾ž ‹ÉŸ‹ÆŒ¼ÃÉ‘Ç”‘ÉÔŒ ............................................ 46
įʼnĪĭń 9 ‰Ÿ”ŠÔ”‹ÉŸ‹ÆŒ¼ÃÉ‘Ç”‘ÉÔŒ .............................................................. 51
įʼnĪĭń 10 ‰Ÿ””ÀŸ¤Ê‹ÉŸ‹ÆŒ¼ÃÉ‘Ç”‘ÉÔŒ ............................................................ 68
įʼnĪĭń 11 –Á‘¤¼Ãɚ×Ɣ’ÀɉŸ”‘Ç”‘ÉÔŒ¡‹šÃ...................................................... 74
ijŁģĭń IV ¼Â‘Žž‘ÉŸ”¢’‰’ÆÒŠŒ¼Ÿ‘Ò¡‹Ÿž¥™™ÊŸ ................................ .. 81
įʼnĪĭń 12 ¼Ÿ‘Ò¡‹Ÿž¥™™ÊŸ ¢¾ž •ÀÉÒ¡‹Ÿž¥™™ÊŸ ......................................... 81
įʼnĪĭń 13 ¼Ÿ‘¾ž¾ŸŸÂ‘ ¢¾ž •Ÿ¡Ã ..................................................... 84
įʼnĪĭń 14 ¼Â‘Žž‘ÝŸÂ‘ ¢¾ž •Ÿ¡Ã ........................................................... 86
įʼnĪĭń 15 ‰Ÿ”¢’‰’ÆÒŠŒŸÂ‘ ¢¾ž •Ÿ¡Ã .............................................. 93
įʼnĪĭń 16 ‰Ÿ”¢’‰’ÆÒ¡–Á”ÃÆŒŠŒ”ÀÊŸ .................................................... 105
įʼnĪĭń 17 pH ŠŒ¼Ÿ‘¾ž¾Ÿ ................................................................ 110
įʼnĪĭń 18 –ž’‰¾ŸŠŒŸÂ‘ ¢¾ž •Ÿ¡Ã .............................................. 117
įʼnĪĭń 19 ¼Ÿ‘¾ž¾Ÿ•Á•¡™Ã ................................................................... 128
ijŁģĭń V ¥™™ÊŸ¡‹šÃ ................................................................................ 133
įʼnĪĭń 20 İĿīŃģŃĸŃĩŁļʼnģĨńĪŁĨʼnĦ--ŌķĪŇģĨʼnĦ ĻŊņ İĿīŃģŃĸŃĩŁŌķĪŇģ ..................... 133
ສ.ວ.ສ
ສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ

7. įʼnĪĭń 21 İŃĮģ ŀĸĹŁĮŃģ ........................................................................... 136
įʼnĪĭń 22 İŃĮĹŃŌĥŁĿŐĴĴœŁ ...................................................................... 149
įʼnĪĭń 23 ģŁĮŌģńĪţœŋĦĤļĦŎĸĻĿ ōĸĿ ģŁĮİœļĦģ ŀĮ ................................. 159
įʼnĪĭń 24 ĥĹŁĵģœŁĹŢœŁĭŁĦŌīŀģŎĮŎĸĨńĤļĦİŃĮŐĴĴœŁŌĥĵń ......................... 164
ijŁģĭń VI ŌĥĵńļŁĻŁĮ ōĸĿ ıĿĸŃĪīĿijŀĮ ................................................. 169
įʼnĪĭń 25 ŌĥĵńļŁĻŁĮ ōĸĿ ĹŀĪĬŇŌħņļİʼnĮŏĮļŁĻŁĮ .................................. 169
įʼnĪĭń 26 ĭŁĪİʼnĮŌİņœļĮŏĮļŁĻŁĮ ........................................................... 177
įʼnĪĭń 27 Á”’ž¾ŸŸ‰‰Ÿ””ÀŸ¤Ê—ž¾Â‘’ž˜Á”¼ÃɚüŸ‘˜Â‘ ¢¾ž
‰Ÿ”–ʝŒ‰Á”¼Ÿ‘˜Â‘ ................................................................ 184
ijŁģĭń VII Ç‘ŽŸœž‰ÀŸ¡‹šÃ ..................................................................... 192
įʼnĪĭń 28 Ç‘ŽŸœž‰ÀŸ¢ÓɼŸ‘ ................................................................. 192
įʼnĪĭń 29 Ç‘ŽŸœž‰ÀŸÃšÁŒ ..................................................................... 196
įʼnĪĭń 30 Ç‘ŽŸœž‰ÀŸ¡½ŸšÂ‰ ............................................................... 200
įʼnĪĭń 31 Ç‘ŽŸœž‰ÀŸ¢‰ÊÒ ..................................................................... 204
įʼnĪĭń 32 Ç‘ŽŸœž‰ÀŸÊš—ÊŸ ................................................................ 206
įʼnĪĭń 33 ”ÀÊŸœš .................................................................................. 210
įʼnĪĭń 34 Ç‘ŽŸœž‰ÀŸÑÇɔҼžŸŽŸ‘ ...................................................... 214
ŌļģĿĺŁĮļœŁĦļńĦ ....................................................................................... 218

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5/*(% ?04%.E514!55%0=:!- 0=9 ?/ C' 1$5! A @-3$5!
B ?$E 5414!55%?7!?'4%$5! C @-3 $5! D !4E%4F%
14!55%?7!'366-6 5 r
Δ[A]
Δt
-
Δ[B]
Δt
=
Δ[C]
Δt
Δ[D]
Δt
/ G5-4'366-6 5$7E $5!4FF% @-3 $5!(3-6!3)4%*7 G5%.%A*-GE?$E 54%
5%%14!55%?7!'366-6 5F1 G5%8?#6 G5%.%A*-1$5!4FF%@-31
$5!(3-6!3)4%17 !4E/*(%
'366-6 5 A + 2B 3C (2)
B%/*(%
14!55%0=:!-1$5! A ?$E 54
2
1
?$9E 1114!55%0=:!
-1$5! B @-3 ?$E 54
3
1
?$9E 1114!55%?7!1$5! C
/ G5-4'366-6 5$E.C' aA + bB cC + dD
14!55%?7!'366-6 5 r -
1
a dt
d[A]
= -
1
b dt
d[B]
= +
1
c
d[C]
dt
= +
1
d
d[D]
dt
ສ.ວ.ສ
ສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ

16. 4
)*

17. '
)$*(
,*
14!55%?7!'366-6 5/5*5!.4!@$C!F0=5 @ ?4E % .4!@$@.5*
C./3?-E 0=9 .4!@$@.5*C.+;E?.-5B!H8E
+ ?24!5%$!-1E.4'366-6 5-30.E5A-03*5? 711*(Mg) 415
6!=G27!,6 (HCl).
#1$5!-3-5 156! HCl ?4F*:F% 0,2 mol/L B/E4F2E5 $7E *77!I5 3
H5! mL %?#66! mL
?-91?15!1%14!$7E *73H5!)G!74'54F2E5 *5'5!$5F55*-.
5.B0F?'4%2E1%F1 D ?)9E 1B0F$5!-3-5 156!C0=11C!F?*9E15/27A!,@%?7!
8F%0=45?7!'366-6 5?*7
% G5?15?/4F%-.!*5? 711*$7E 4!#;/315! 5.'3*5% 10 cm *5!F5
9/3'6 -GG @-F./?F5B/E!1%14! 0=45%4F%% G5?15!1%14!*514!'54F2E5

18. . GF5'54F2E5 -B%1?@3H5! mL $7E 4%:% GF5'3*5%?6E
1 ?-7E* 4?.-5?*9E1-3!4$5!-3-5 156!+;E7!I5 $ G516!/E.%?$614F2E5
4F2E5 . GF5'5 4?.-5 @-3 4%$8?.-5$:DC- 3$7E $5!-3-5 156!0=:!-
mL %?#67!E1%$7E 3?04%/F%-.! Mg )F%8F%5-3!4$5!-3-5 156!B%4F
2E5 @-F.4%$8(%5%$!-1
B%5%/8/514!55%?7!'366-6 5*7/*(%!4E%7F
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

19. 5
+)10*'/ $(.0%%+! ,$$/'0
1%! H2 (mL ,%
1 4

24. *'
0%,+%-0,$0#-# /% 1%! H2 $,% #,$$/'0

25. !$%%,'#%#,/
124
8
0,065 ml/s
1234567
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

26. !
H2mL

27. !
H2
!
ສ.ວ.ສ
ສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ

28. 6
14!55%?7!'366-6 5E.?.-5

29. J 1C!F5
ΔV 1
r= = mL/s
Δt 6
14!55%?7!'366-6 5B%E.?.-5

30. 1C!F!4E%7F
ΔV 5-4 1
r= = = mL/s
Δt 40-28 12
52; F5?$614!55%?7!'366-6 5?*7+;E.6%5$7 $7
105C!F
!4E%7F !
$ G516!B0F@F*?/4F%/3@!-30.E5G-6*5!1 H2 4?.-5 A!
G5%!B0FG-6*5!1 H2 +;E5*@%4F @-3 ?.-5+;E5*@%%1% 0=45%4F%B0F
7!?/4F%/ G5(4!4?/4F%AF+;E$7E :! t = 50 .6%5$7 @-3 7!?/4F%4F5:!/ G5(4!-*5
05?/4F%%1%+;E:!
@-3 7!?/4F%5?/4F%/ G5(4!B0F4F/54?/4F%4F1:!
.6%5$7 .5*4% (slope) 1?/4F%/ G5(4!@*E%
) !

31. +;E?.-5 50 .6%5$7 ?6E2;
.5*4% slope
a
b
A! @*E%G-6*5!1 H2 @-3 @*E% ?.-5
!4E%4F% 14!55%?7!'366-6 5?*7+;E .6%5$7$7E
a
b
5,8 3,4
50 15
2,4
35
mL/s
-

32. #F5F15%10514!5?7!'366-6 5+;E:!B!H8E G'364!@!.
4%%7F
+ ' %
14!55%?7!'366-6 5?*7.5*I5 .E5@%.B! @-3 *70.HE. @%.B!

33. 7
# ( ! )
!
( !
=!@%25!6A+F%0=+(=%$64%7!06! @7F04A!C1G@15%/F625!6/6+D/
2'477.7 69G%5F6=$8F 25!6 A.4 /6+@5G+;G%2$6!5G=G% 1: 2$6!
(4.7!4)5% C%%8G@3=64)76.4%604@)64=!@%25!6$8F 9G%5/6+@5G+;G%2
$6!5G=G%@$=F 6%5G% )76.4%6$6! A A.4 B @+:F2'477.7 65%A.G/@8!$6!
(4.7!4)5%
aA + bB $6!(4.7!4)5%
=!@%25!6:

34. 25!6/6+D/26%@8!'477.7 6 (r) = k [A]x
[B]y
(1)
60!+8/6+J6 /F6 25!6/6+D/2'477.7 69G%5/6+@5G+;G%2
$6! A H6.5 x %C1G/6+@5G+;G%2$6! B H6.5 y ( x A.4 y @'5%@. H6
%/%#G/% 0F/% k @'5%F6=$8F @28G%/F6

35. *!
#* ! @. H6.5 x y @28G%/F6
!
x @'5%25%!52'477. 6@+:F2'?$?5$6! A
y @'5%25%!52'477. 6@+:F2'?$?5$6! B
(=%/2@. H6.5$5J=!C%=!@%25!6 (x + y) @28G%/F6

36. !
# !
($*

37. !
!
*!
6%$=!.2$8F 4% H6D'0F6%216F6 x, y G2@'5%6%$=!
.2$8F @'5%D',F6+8.4=:

38. G2+86%'F?%A'/6+@5G+;G%2$6!5G=G%=/I9F
C%4%4$8F C1G/6+@5G+;G%2$6!5G=G%=/2:F%E=$8F A.G//5!A$25!66%@8!'4
77.7 6C%AF.46%$=!.2@5F %

39. 6%$=!.2@):F 221625%!52'477.7 6!5F%8G

40. ສ.ວ.ສ
ສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ

41. 8
2NO(g) + Cl2(g) 2NOCl g
@35!6%$=!.2
5G 6%$=!.2AF.45GC1G/6+@5G+;G%2$6!5G=G%
NO 1: Cl2 +8F6AF65% A.G//5!A$25!66%@8!'477.7 62AF.4
=/,F6 6%$=!.2
64.6 04A!HG+%6%$=!.221625!66%@8!'477.7 6
6%$=!.2 /6+@5G+;G%@.8F +=G%(mol/dm3
) 25!6@.8F +=G% (mol/ dm3
.s)
[NO [Cl2
5G$8 2,3 x 10-4
5G$8 9,2 x 10-4
5G$8
1,15 x 10-4
6=!@%25!6$=F/D'0 H6.5'477.7 6%8G

42. =!@%25!6:

43. 25!66%@8!'477. 6 (r) = k [NO]x
[Cl2]y
(2)
6HG+%C%64.6 =F216

44. =F?%=!@%25!6
=F21625%!5./+2'477.7 6
=F216F6 k F6=$8F 25!6
=F21625!66%@8!'477.7 6 (r) @+:F2 [NO] = 0,03 mol/dm3
A.4
[Cl2] = 0,04 mol/dm3
.
#) + 6%21625%!52'477.7 6 1: 6%216F6 x, y 216D!G
!G/ /7$8 :

45. ## 6%216F6 x 1: 216F625!6/6+D/2'477.7 69G%5 [NO
+8156%:

46. C1G@.:26%$=!.2+6 6%$=!.2 @7F6%$=!.2$8F @.:2+6%5G%

47. 9
G2+8/6+@5G+;G%2 Cl2 =$8F AF/6+@5G+;G%2 NO 'F?%A'
C%%8G4@.:2@2=66%$=!.25G$8 A.4 5G$8 4@15%/F625!6/6+D/
26%@8!'477.7 6@'5%25!60F/%=5/6+@5G+;G%22 NO H6.5 :

48. @+:F2/6+@5G+;G%2 NO @)8F +9G%@'5%02@$=F 6 6 0,01 M @'5% 0,02 M).
25!6/6+D/26%@8!'477.7 6@'5% @$=F 6 1: 6 2.3x10-4
Ms1
@'5% 9,2 x 10-4
Ms1
) %5G%:

49. 25!6/6+D/26%@8!'477.7 6'F?%A'D'6+
/6+@5G+;G%2 NO H6.5 06+6!?%D!G!5F%8G

50. 25!66%@8!'477.7 6 9G%5 [NO r α [NO %5G%:

51. x
!5F%5G% 25!6%@8!'477.7 6@+:F2'?$?5$6! NO @'5%'477.7 625%!5
02
6%216F6 y 1: 6%21625!6/6+D/2'477.7 6$8F 9G%5
/6+@5G+;G%2 Cl2 +8156%A!?/5%56%216F6 x %5G%:

52. C1G@.:2
@2=6 6%$=!.2+6 @7F6%$=!.2$502%5G%G2C1G+8/6+@5G+;G%2 NO
=$8F AFC1G/6+@5G+;G%2 Cl2 'F?%A' C%%8G@.:26%$=!.2$8 A.4 6%$=!
.2$8
@15%/F625!6/6+D/2'477 6'F?%A'B! =5/6+@5G+;G%2
Cl2 :

53. @+:F2/6+@5G+;G%2 Cl2 @)8F +9G%@'5% @$=F 6 6 0,01 M @'5% 0,02 M
225!6/6+D/2'477.7 64@)8F +9G%@'5% @$=F 6 6 1,15 x10-4
M.s1
@'5%
2,3 x 10-4
M.s1
) 06+6!?%D!G!5F%8G

54. 25!66%@8!'477.7 6 r α [Cl2 %5G%: y = 1)
!5F%5G% 25!66%@8!'477.7 6@+:F2'?$?5$6! Cl2 @'5%'477.7 625%
!5I9F
=!@%25!6:

55. 25!66%@8!'477.7 6 r ) = k [NO]2
[Cl2] (3)
ສ.ວ.ສ
ສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ

56. 10
## 6%216F62 x B! /7$8%8G+8156%A!?/56%216F62
x C%/7$8$8 :

57. @.:2@2=66%$=!.2$8 A.4 6%$=!.2$8 @)64/F66%$=!
.2$502%8G+8 [Cl2 =$8F AF [NO 'F?%A' 156%5G% A$%F625!6/6+D/
2'477.7 6:A$%F6 [NO A.4 [Cl2 26%$=!.2$8 A.4 6%$=!.2
$8 @=G6C0FC%0=+(=%=!@%25!6
!5F%8G

58. A$%F6HG+%6%$=!.2$8 C0FC%0=+(=%
4D!G

59. 2,3 x 10-4
= k (0,01)x
(0,02)y
(1)
A$%F6HG+%6%$=!.2$8 C0FC%0=+(=%
4D!G

60. 9,2 x 10-4
= k (0,02)x
(0,02)y
(2)
H6 5!F6 B! @2=60=+(=% 16%C1G0=+(=% !5F%8G

61. -4 x y
-4 x y
(1) 9,2x10 k(0,02) (0,02)
= =
(2) 2,3x10 k(0,01) (0,02)
4 = 2x
22
= 2x
@3=6D!G x = 2
6%216F6 y H+8156%A!?/5%56%216F6 x C%/7$8$8F :
@.:26%$=!.2$8 A.46%$=!.2$8
156%5G%A$%F625!6/6+D/2
'477.7 6 r A$%F6 [NO A.4 A$%F6 [Cl2 26%$=!.2$8 A.4
6%$=!.2$8
@=G6C0FC%0=+(=%=!@%25!6
!5F%8G

62. 2,3 x 10-4
= k (0,01)x
(0,02)y
1,15 x 10-4
= k (0,01)x
(0,02)y
)3(
)1(
= 4
4
1015,1
103,2
= yx
yx
0,01(0,01)k
(0,02)(0,01)k
y
22
y = 1

63. 11
A$%F6 x A.4 F6 y C0FC%0=+(=%@:G2=G% 4D!G=!@%25!6$8F 21625%
!5'477.7 6A.G/4D!G

64. =!@%25!6 :

65. 25!66%@8!'477.7 6 (r) = [NO [Cl2
!
25%!5./+2'477.7 6 = x + y = 2 + 1 = 3
!5F%5G% 25%!5./+2'477.7 6 @'5%'477.7 625%!506+
!

66. ! *!
#* ! k) ! ( !
=/,F6

67. =F216F6=$8F 25!6 k) ,F2;%14)+ 300 K 0 H6.5'477.7 6
HFD'%8G

68. 22NO(g) + Cl (g) 2NOCl(g)
6HG+%6%$=!.2C%64.6 @15%/F6'477.7 6%8G+8=!@%25!6@'5%

69. 2
2 2
2
r
r = k[NO] [Cl ] k =
[NO] [Cl ]
A$%F6/6+@5G+;G% A.4 25!6@.8F+=G%26%$=!.2$8
664
.6 4D!G

70. -4 3
3 2 3
2 3
1,15x10 mol/dm .s
k =
(0,01mol/dm ) (0,01mol/dm )
k = 1,2x10 mol/dm .s
#G6A$%F6/6+@5G+;G% A.4 25!6/6+D/ B! CGHG+%26%$=!.2$8
A.4 6%$=!.2$8 664.6 H4D!GF6 k = 1,2 x 102
mol2
dm6
s1
@$=F 65%$5026%$=!.2 !5F%5G% C%6%216F6=$8F 25!6 k) 2'477.7 6
C!I9F 4CGHG+%66%$=!.2C!HD!G @)64/F6HF/F64CGHG+%66%$=!.2C!
H4D!G(=%2F6=$8F 25!6@$=F 65%
!

71. !! !( #
!($* ,! !( + %+
!
ສ.ວ.ສ
ສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ

72. 12
6=!@%25!6

73. r = [NO [Cl2 A.4 k = 1,2 x 102
mol2
/dm6
s1
!5F%5G% #G6 [NO] = 0,03 mol/ dm3
A.4 [Cl2] = 0,04 mol/ dm3
@+:F2A$%
F6 k F6 [NO] A.4 F6 [Cl2] @=G6 4D!G

74. r = 1,2 x 102
mol2
/dm6
.s1
0,03 mol /dm3
0,04 mol /dm3
r = 4,3 x 10-3
mol/ dm3
.s1
*!
$6! A, B A.4 C '477.7 65%@8!@'5%$6! ABC !5F0=+(=%

75. A + B + C ABC
=F216

76. =F216

77. 25%!52'477.7 6@+:F2'?$?5$6! A 1: '?$?5
$6! 1: B 1: '?$?5$6! C ($6!C!$6!I9F )?$6!!?/
=F216

78. 25%!5./+2'477.7 6
=F?%=!@%25!62'477.7 6
CGHG+%26%$=!.204A!C%64.6
64.6 04A!HG+%6%$=!.22'477.7 6!5F%8G
6%$=!.2
$8
/6+@5G+;G%@.8F +=G% mol/L 25!6@.8F +=G%
mol/L[A] [B] [C]
1
2
3
4
1,0
1,0
2,0
1,0
0,15
0,15
0,15
0,15
0,3
0,1
0,1
0,1
7,2 x 10-3
2,4 x 10-3
9,6 x 10-3
2,4 x 10-3
#) +
6=!@%25!6$=F/D'$=F/D'

79. 25!66%@8!'477.7 6 r = k [A] [B]n
[C]x
(
216F62 m % H6CGHG+%66%$=!.2$8 A.4 6%$=!.2$8
4@15%
/F6 [B] A.4 [C] +8F6=$8F :@'5% 0,15 mol/L A.4 0,1 mol/L AF [A]

80. 13
'F?%A': mol/L A.4 mol/L CGHG+%66%$=!.2$8 A$%F6@=G6
C%0=+(=%
2,4 x 10-3
= k (1,0)m
(0,15)n
(0,1)x
(1)
9,6 x 10-3
= k (2,0)m
(0,15)n
(0,1)x
(2)
@2=6 16% 4D!G
m-3
-3
2,4x10 1,0
=
9,6x10 2,0

81. m
2 m
1 1
=
4 2
1 1
=
2 2

85. !5F%5G% m = 2
216F62 n @.:2CG6%$=!.2$8 A.4 6%$=!.2$8 @)64/F6C%02
6%$=!.2%8G [A] A.4 [C] =$8F AF [B] 'F?%A' A$%F6@=G6C%0=+(=%
66%$=!.2$8

86. 2,4 x 10-3
= k (1,0)m
(0,15)n
(0,1)x
@2=6 16% 4D!G
-3 m n x
-3 m n x
2,4x10 k(1,0) (0,15) (0,1)
=
2,4x10 k(1,0) (0,01) (0,1)
n
0,15
1 =
0,15

87. 4D!G 1 = 1n
!5F%5G% n
216F62 x @.:2CGHG+%26%$=!.2$8 A.4 6%$=!.2$8
A$%F6@=G6C0F0=+(=%
ສ.ວ.ສ
ສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ

88. 14
66%$=!.2$8

89. 7,2 x 10-3
= k (1,0)m
(0,15)n
(0,3)x
(1)
(1) / (2)
-3 m n x
-3 m n x
7,2x10 k(1,0) (0,15) (0,3)
=
2,4x10 k(1,0) (0,01) (0,1)
3 = 3x
x = 1
!5F%5G% 25%!52'477.7 6@+:F2'?$?5$6! @'5%'477.7 6!5I9F
25%!5./+2'477.7 6 : m + n + x = 2 + 0 + 1 = 3
=!@%25!6 = k [A]2
[B]0
[C]1
1: r = k [A]2
[C]1
( (#(

90. ' (Differential rate law)
!5FD!GF6/+6A.G//F6=!@%25!6@'5%0=+(=%$64%7!06!$8F 04A!C1G@15%
/F625!66%@8!'477.7 69G%,F5/6+@5G+;G%2$6!5G=G%A%/C! @5F %

91. aA + bB + cC dD + eE (1)
?%=!@%25!6D!G!5F%8G

92. 25!66%@8!'477.7 6 r = k [A]x
[B]y
[C]z
(2)
6%/5!A$25!66%@8!2'477.7 6C!I9F 4/5!A$C%326%
1;!.=2$6!5G=G% 1: 4/5!A$C%326%@)8F +9G%2$6!(4.7!4)5%HF
1=/IF/ @/.6 !5F%5G% 25!66%@8!'477.7 69F?%C%3A!7@*8@-%?.D!G
!5F%8G

93. 25!66%@8!'477.7 6 !5F%8G

94. r
1
a dt
d[A]
= -
1
b dt
d[B]
= -
1
c
d[C]
dt
= +
1
d
d[D]
dt
= +
1
e
d[E]
dt
A$%F6 r C%3A!7@*8@-%?.C%=!@%25!6 1: 0=+(=% H4D!G=!
@%25!6@+:F2'?$?5$6!5G=G%2$6!C!$6!I9F 1: @+:F2'?$?5$6!
(4.7!4)5%$6!C!$6!I9F !5F%8G

95. -
1
a dt
d[A]
k [A]x
[B]y
[C]z

96. 15
-
1
b dt
d[B]
= k [A]x
[B]y
[C]z
-
1
c
d[C]
dt
= k [A]x
[B]y
[C]z
+
1
d
d[D]
dt
k [A]x
[B]y
[C]z
1
e
d[E]
dt
k [A]x
[B]y
[C]z
=!@%25!6$8F ?%C%3A0=+(=%!7@*8@-%?.A%8G+8:F@28G%04@)64/F6

97. ( ! (#(

98. '
,!! ) (
=!@%25!6+86%)=/)5%.41/F625!66%@8!'477.7 65F6=$8F 25!6
A.4 /6+@5G+;G%2$6!5G=G%A%/C! C1G?%@'5%A0=+(=%
'477.7 6

99. A + B C +8(=%6%$=!.2!5F%8G

100. 6%$=!.2$8 /6+@5G+;G% Mol/L 25!66%@8!'477.7 6
Mol/L/sA] B]
#G6 H6%=!C1G
25!66%@8!'477.7 6
F6=$8F 2'477.7 6 A.4
/6+@5G+;G%2
/6+@5G+;G%2
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k[A]
k[B]
k[A] [B]
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112. 20
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113. # ##,$ - !/
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126. # ## (catalyst)
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130. II

131. ! (
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132. 1. *

133. ($
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134. ).

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140. . (2%.
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141. . 0

142. . :

143. (Solution)
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144. .
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145. )
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147. ) ( . 0 ).

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176. ) 0, /.

177. *#(#*5*$(
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178. 598*
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179. (Concentration of solution)
( / #/

180. (
.

181. .

182. $.+

183. .
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184. , /

185. .
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186. %

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189. . +

190. 100 %1. .
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192. ) '

193. *(

194. .
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195. . +

196. 100 %1.
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197. ( 15%, *
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198. 100g (
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199. % *
0.0 =
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% * 0
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200. ) '

201. *(*
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202. . !/7+

203. 100 %1. 0
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204. # * 20% *
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205. 100
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206. ) '
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207. 2 ( 0

208. +

209. 100g %1. 0
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210. #
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211. 100g H2SO4 80 mL 80 cm3
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212. ) '
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213. . +

214. 100 %1.
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215. H2SO4 80% * 0
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216. H2SO4
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100
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217. 2.2 % ) !)

218. %

219. ' (Molarity)
2 ( 0
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220. . +

221. 1 L 1000 mL
( . + /%1. (
molar mol/ dm3
mol/L M ( .
:
- /+/ NaOH 40g = 1 mol +
0/1dm3
, , /

222. .
( / #/
1 mol/ dm3
(%/., /

223. NaOH ( / #/
1 molar (1 M)
NaOH 40 g 1 mol.
-

224. NaCl ( / #/
2 molar 2 .

225. NaCl 1L NaCl
$. 2 mol 2 x 58,44 = 116,88 g.
%. :