The document outlines various pests that affect groundnut crops, detailing their nature of damage, symptoms, distribution, and management strategies. Notable pests include different species of aphids, leafhoppers, caterpillars, and beetles that damage leaves, pods, and roots through feeding and sucking sap. Management practices such as collection, the use of light traps, and application of insecticides are recommended to control these pests and minimize crop losses.

1. Pests of Groundnut
By
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD.
Assistant Professor (Entomology)
JSACAT
Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

2. Sucking pests of groundnut

3. Aphid, Aphis craccivora, Aphididae, Hemiptera
1
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Nature of damage
Colonies of nymphs and adults found on leaves, terminal
shoots and pods and such the plant sap.
Vector of stunt disease in chickpea, rosette of groundnut
Serious pest when the rainfall is low.
Symptom of damage
Presence of aphid colonies on the leaves, terminal shoots and
pods. In severe cases, the plants wither and vigour reduced.
Worldwide distribution; abundant in subtropical and tropical regions, and in the Mediterranean

4. Green leafhopper, Empoasca kerri, Cicadellidae,
Hemiptera
2
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Nature of damage
Nymphs and adults suck the sap and inject
toxins.
Symptom of damage
Affected leaves turn pale and then rust-red.
They curl downwards; in severe cases, show
'hopper burn' symptom, dry and fall to the
ground.
Distribution: Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, North America.

5. Yellow, laid on the underside of
the leaf, embedding them into
the leaf veins
Wedge-shaped, very active,
suck cell sap from underside
of the leaves
3 mm long, greenish
yellow during the
summer acquiring a
reddish tinge in the
winter. Adults move
briskly, forward and
laterally and jump or
fly away at slight
disturbance and
attracted to light at
night
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

6. Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thripidae,
Thysanoptera
3
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Symptom of damage
Tender leaves showing yellowish green
patches on the upper surface and brown
necrotic areas and silvery sheen on the
lower surface
Nature of damage
Nymphs and adults suck the plant sap.
Indian subcontinent, North and South America, West Africa and is present in East Africa (Kenya)
Nymph Adult
Frankliniella schultzei - Transmits peanut bud necrosis

7. Defoliators of groundnut

8. Red hairy caterpillar, Amsacta albistriga, A. moorei,
Erebidae, Lepidoptera
4
Nature of damage
All the leaves are eaten away by the larvae
leaving the main stem alone.
Larvae are voracious feeders.
Distribution: Amsacata albistriga is predominant in South India
while A. moorie dominates northern parts of the country
Host range: Maize, sorghum, green gram, sesame, pearl
millet, finger millet, groundnut, sunhemp, castor, cotton
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

9. Light yellow spherical eggs are laid in
clusters on the undersurface of the leaves
Hairy caterpillar reddish brown with black
band on either end having long reddish
brown hairs all over the body.
Pupa: Reddish brown and elongate remains under soil for 9-10 months. Adults
emerge after receiving the first monsoon showers.
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

10. Amsacta albistriga:
•Forewing- white with brownish streak all
over and yellowish streak along the anterior
margin and head
•Hind wing- white with black markings
Amsacta moorei:
•Forewing - white with brownish streak all
over and reddish streak along the anterior
margin and head
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

11. Management
Collection and destruction of egg masses
The barnyard millet (Echinochloea frumentacea) may act as strong barrier
Summer ploughing and poison baiting
Erection of light traps soon after the monsoon for 20-45 days, collecting and killing of
adult moths are found to be very effective
The dispersing larvae of hairy caterpillar from one field to another can be checked by
digging trenches across the direction of their march, and prompt destruction of larvae
Vegetative traps utilizing Jatropha (wild castor) or Ipomea prevent the migration of the
grown up larvae
Prepare small balls with 10 kg rice bran + 1 kg jaggery + 1 liter quinolphos
broadcasting in the fields preferably in the evening times
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

12. Leaf miner/ Surul poochi/ soybean leaf miner,
Aproaerema modicella, Gelechiidae, Lepidoptera
5
Nature of damage
Minute larvae mine into the leaves
Later they web several leaves together
Symptom of damage
Brown blotches in midrib
terminal leaflets with white patches
webbed together
distorted and finally get dried up
Indonesia (Java) and India
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

13. Management
ETL: 1 larvae/meter row
•Set up light traps @ 1/ha
•Apply anyone of the following insecticides
• Dimethiate 30 EC 660 ml/ha
• Methyl demeton 25% EC 1000 ml/ha Dark brown moth
Laid on the leaves and shoots Small, green in colour with dark head and prothorax
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

14. Tobaco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura, Noctuidae,
Lepidoptera
6
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Nature of damage
Early instar larva remain
gregarious and cause
skeletonization.
Later instar cause defoliation
Symptom of damage
Skeletonization, defoliation
The countries with the most widespread population of S. litura include but are not limited to China,
Indonesia, India, Japan, and Malaysia

15. Yellow in colour, laid in mass
and covered with hairs.
Pale greenish with dark markings; gregarious in
the early stages
Brown colour,
obtect pupa
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

16. Moth with wavy white markings on a brown forewing. Hindwings
white with a brown patch along the margin
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

17. Management
•Hand pick and destroy the caterpillar
•Collect and destroy the damaged plant parts
•Summer ploughing to expose to the pupae
•Use light trap
•Apply Bacillus thuringenesis
•Field release of egg parasitoid such as Telenomus
spodopterae and Telenomus remus
•Field release of entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea
rileyi
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

18. Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera, Noctuidae,
Lepidoptera
7
Symptom/nature of damage
Larvae feed on the foliage, prefers
flowers and buds
When tender leaf buds are eaten
symmetrical holes or cuttings can be
seen upon unfolding of leaflets
Widespread in central and southern Europe, temperate Asia, Australia and Africa
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

19. On the forewings, there is speck that forms a V-shaped mark. Hind wings are dull
grey coloured with a black border on the distal end.
Spherical in shape with
sculptures in the form of
longitudinal ribs
The colour varies according to the food intake. Dorsal surface
bears dark broken stripes. Head is reddish-brown. Larva is highly
cannibalistic and readily eats one another.
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

20. Management
Deep summer ploughing
Intercrop one rows of red gram for every 5 or 6 rows
Install pheromone trap @ 5/ha
Use Trichogramma chilonis @ 1 lakh/ha or Chrysoperla carnea @ 50000/ha at 40 and 50
days after sowing of groundnut can effectively check the pest
Apply HaNPV @ 250 Larval Eqivalent/ha or B.t (Bacillus thuringiensis) 1 kg/ha or 5% NSKE
for monitoring eggs and early instar larvae
Conserve the bio control population of spiders, long horned grasshoppers, preying
mantids, robber fly, ants, green lace wing, damsel flies/dragon flies, flower bugs, shield
bugs, lady bird beetles, ground beetle, predatory cricket, braconids, trichogrammatids,
NPV, green muscardine fungus
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

21. Groundnut bud borer, Anarsia ephippias,
Gelechiidae, Lepidoptera
Symptoms of damage
Larva bores into the terminal buds and shoots
Emerging leaflets will have only the midribs or
several oblong feeding holes
India and Sri Lanka
8
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

22. Larva: Chocolate brown in color
Management
Neem oil 3 % and leaf extract of Vitex negundo (notchi) 5 % are effective against this pest
The parasitoids Brachymeria sp cause parasitism up to 24 per cent on larvae
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

23. Stem borer, Ver poochi, Sphenoptera perotetti,
Buprestidae, Coleoptera
Symptom of damage
Branches may droop and the plants show wilting
and may die when the grubs reach the root.
Nature of damage
Grubs tunnel the stem just below the soil surface
and main roots, tunnel containing elongate flat-
headed grubs.
9
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

24. Pupation occurs inside burrows
(tunnels) from which the adult beetles
emerge by cutting their way out
Dark brown, shiny beetle, jewel like
and small (1 cm) beetle
Management
Deep summer ploughing to expose the
pupae to sun light and predation by birds.
Use well decomposed organic manure.
Destroy infested plant stems
Small flat oval eggs
laid on the main stem
of the plants
Slender pale whitish with flattened anterior
portion, called ‘flat-headed grubs’
Buprestidae
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

25. Pod feeders

26. Pod borer (Ear wig), Anisolabis stalli, Forficulidae,
Dermaptera
10
Symptom of damage
Young pods showing bore
holes plugged with excreta
Sand particles filled pods
Discoloured pulps pods
without kernels
Dark brown to black with forceps
like caudal cerci and white leg joints
Nymph white in early
stages and later turn
brown
Carbofuran 3% G 50 kg/ha
Oriental in distribution including India
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

27. Pod bug, Elasmolomus sordidus, Lygaeidae,
Hemiptera
11
Symptom of damage
Freshly harvested pods having shriveled
kernels
Nature of damage
Nymphs and adults suck oil from the kernels
of mature pods especially after harvest
making them unfit for use
Dark brown bugs
Widespread in Africa, Asia, Brazil, Mexico and Hawaii
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

28. Blind ants, Dorylus spp. Formicidae, Hymenoptera
12
Ants found primarily in central and east Africa, although the range also extends to southern Africa
and tropical Asia.
• Driver (or) safari ants
• Blind, and communicate
primarily through
pheromones
• bore into
mature groundnut pods
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

29. Root feeders

30. Termite, Odontotermes obesus, Termitidae, Isoptera
13
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Nature of damage
They live underground, but make small earthen
mounds or earthen passages that are visible
above the ground.
Termites generally damage the crop soon after
germination and in subsequent growth stages.
Symptom of damage
The damaged plants dry up completely and are
easily pulled out.
Tropical and subtropical regions of India

31. Root grub, Holotrichia consanguinea, Melolonthidae,
Coleoptera
14
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Egg: White,
almost round
Grub: Young grubs are translucent,
whitish yellow in colour , fleshy ‘C’ –
shaped (Scaraebiform)
Symptoms of damage
The grubs feed roots and damage pods.
Grubs feed on fine rootlets, resulting in pale
wilted plants, dying in patches.
Dark brown beetle. Beetles emerge
out of the soil within 3-4 days after
the onset of rain
Pre-dominant in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh