The document provides an overview of the information and communications technology (ICT) sector in the Philippines. It discusses the government's efforts to promote ICT development through initiatives like the Philippine ICT Strategic Roadmap. It also summarizes forecasts for growth in the ICT market from 2010-2013, driven by recovery in spending and transformation of business objectives. Top predictions for 2010 include growth in wireless broadband and smartphones, and a shift to time-based pricing for data services.
The Case for Developing and Introducing the M-Procurement System in Nigeria, ...inventionjournals
In this paper the author points out how in the last few years mobile technology has improved a great deal in countries like Nigeria, where individuals possess two or three SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) cards issued from different major mobile service providers. The paper opines that owing to this increased pervasiveness of mobile networks, in the enterprises mobile computing should gradually be replacing the use of desktop systems; the paper went on to highlight the need to leverage this ubiquity of mobile computing and network in improving and overhauling the Nigeria’s clumsy, very slow and oftentimes corrupt procurement system. An architectural model that will support the introduction of m-procurement (mobile procurement) systems was unraveled and examined. Ongoing related works in this regard were discussed. The paper concluded by spurring software application developers and designers to start thinking on the perspectives highlighted by the author.
The Role of Technology Acceptance Model in Explaining Effect on E-Commerce Ap...IJMIT JOURNAL
Today e-commerce has become crucial element to transform some of the world countries into an information society. Business to consumer (B2C) in the developing countries is not yet a normalcy as compared to the developed countries. Consumer behaviour research has shown disappointing results regarding the overall use of the Web for online shopping, despite its considerable promise as a channel for commerce. As the use of the Internet continues to grow in all aspects of daily life, there is an increasing need to better understand what trends of internet usage and to study the barriers and problem of ecommerce adoption. Hence, the purpose of this research is to define how far Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) contributed in e-commerce adoption. Data for this study was collected by the means of a survey conducted in Malaysia in 2010. A total of 611 questionnaire forms were delivered to respondents. The location of respondents was within Penang state. By studying this sample, conclusions would be drawn to generalize the interests of the population.
Determinants of Willingness to Pay for Mobile Telecommunications Services in ...Moses Oduh
This document summarizes a study that examined determinants of willingness to pay for mobile telecommunications services in Nigeria. The study used survey data from 5,600 individual consumers to estimate a censored Tobit model of willingness to pay. The results showed that demand for mobile services varies with socioeconomic factors, while access is limited by network coverage, quality of service, interconnectivity, and call tariffs. The study recommends price cap regulation and number portability to improve access and ensure productivity gains are passed to consumers.
The Effects of Information and Communication Technology to the Growth and Dev...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The research work focused on the contributions of information and communication technology to the growth and development of banking activities in Nigeria. The research work tried to identify and to assess the extent of the use of Information Technology in First Bank of Nigeria and seek to find out what impact as a whole does Information Technology have on banking operations. Questionnaires were generated, distributed and result analyzed using statistical data. The findings of this study reveal that a positive correlation exists between ICT and banks profitability in Nigeria. This implies that a marginal change in the level of the investment and adoption of ICT in the banking industry will result to a proportionate increase in the profit level. This is confirmed by the level of the regression coefficient as well as the factor analysis which revealed that an insignificant size of profit exist without the introduction of the ICT. The results in Table a, b and c show that banks that have a high level of ICT will make intensive use of production and efficiency practices such as business re-engineering, outsourcing and flexible work arrangements which will yield the best performance. Keyword: Banking, Development, ICT, Analysis, data, research
Integrating ICT in Re-Branding Nigerian Youths for Constructive Empowerment a...IOSR Journals
Today, there is need to reposition our youths mental reasoning and economically empower them in order to certify the demands of the modern world. Rebranding Nigerian is one of the veritable tools to achieve this objective. Unless rebranding directs the power and energy of Nigerian youths towards academic and productive goals, the country keeps on experiencing social vices,moral and academic degradation. Gladly enough, Nigeria has joined the rest of the world in deploying ICT to ensure easy and quick enlightenment and empowerment of its populace. Obviously, ICT has grossly engaged most of the Nigerian teenagers and youths in performing educational, social, economical, governmental or religious activities in different dimensions nowadays. Therefore, this paper highlights the impact and areas where ICT has yielded positive change in rebranding Nigerian youths in achieving better mental capacity building.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Indonesia has the 4th largest mobile market in the world with 278 million subscribers. It also has a large 3G market, with many users skipping fixed broadband for mobile. The mobile operators Telkomsel, Indosat, and XL Axiata dominate the market, though they have significant foreign ownership. Mobile internet usage is growing rapidly, with internet users expected to more than quadruple by 2016, driven primarily by smartphones and mobile data usage. The telecommunications industry provides many opportunities around enterprise services, e-commerce, digital advertising, and increasing data consumption.
The document provides an overview of the information and communications technology (ICT) sector in the Philippines. It discusses the government's efforts to promote ICT development through initiatives like the Philippine ICT Strategic Roadmap. It also summarizes forecasts for growth in the ICT market from 2010-2013, driven by recovery in spending and transformation of business objectives. Top predictions for 2010 include growth in wireless broadband and smartphones, and a shift to time-based pricing for data services.
The Case for Developing and Introducing the M-Procurement System in Nigeria, ...inventionjournals
In this paper the author points out how in the last few years mobile technology has improved a great deal in countries like Nigeria, where individuals possess two or three SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) cards issued from different major mobile service providers. The paper opines that owing to this increased pervasiveness of mobile networks, in the enterprises mobile computing should gradually be replacing the use of desktop systems; the paper went on to highlight the need to leverage this ubiquity of mobile computing and network in improving and overhauling the Nigeria’s clumsy, very slow and oftentimes corrupt procurement system. An architectural model that will support the introduction of m-procurement (mobile procurement) systems was unraveled and examined. Ongoing related works in this regard were discussed. The paper concluded by spurring software application developers and designers to start thinking on the perspectives highlighted by the author.
The Role of Technology Acceptance Model in Explaining Effect on E-Commerce Ap...IJMIT JOURNAL
Today e-commerce has become crucial element to transform some of the world countries into an information society. Business to consumer (B2C) in the developing countries is not yet a normalcy as compared to the developed countries. Consumer behaviour research has shown disappointing results regarding the overall use of the Web for online shopping, despite its considerable promise as a channel for commerce. As the use of the Internet continues to grow in all aspects of daily life, there is an increasing need to better understand what trends of internet usage and to study the barriers and problem of ecommerce adoption. Hence, the purpose of this research is to define how far Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) contributed in e-commerce adoption. Data for this study was collected by the means of a survey conducted in Malaysia in 2010. A total of 611 questionnaire forms were delivered to respondents. The location of respondents was within Penang state. By studying this sample, conclusions would be drawn to generalize the interests of the population.
Determinants of Willingness to Pay for Mobile Telecommunications Services in ...Moses Oduh
This document summarizes a study that examined determinants of willingness to pay for mobile telecommunications services in Nigeria. The study used survey data from 5,600 individual consumers to estimate a censored Tobit model of willingness to pay. The results showed that demand for mobile services varies with socioeconomic factors, while access is limited by network coverage, quality of service, interconnectivity, and call tariffs. The study recommends price cap regulation and number portability to improve access and ensure productivity gains are passed to consumers.
The Effects of Information and Communication Technology to the Growth and Dev...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The research work focused on the contributions of information and communication technology to the growth and development of banking activities in Nigeria. The research work tried to identify and to assess the extent of the use of Information Technology in First Bank of Nigeria and seek to find out what impact as a whole does Information Technology have on banking operations. Questionnaires were generated, distributed and result analyzed using statistical data. The findings of this study reveal that a positive correlation exists between ICT and banks profitability in Nigeria. This implies that a marginal change in the level of the investment and adoption of ICT in the banking industry will result to a proportionate increase in the profit level. This is confirmed by the level of the regression coefficient as well as the factor analysis which revealed that an insignificant size of profit exist without the introduction of the ICT. The results in Table a, b and c show that banks that have a high level of ICT will make intensive use of production and efficiency practices such as business re-engineering, outsourcing and flexible work arrangements which will yield the best performance. Keyword: Banking, Development, ICT, Analysis, data, research
Integrating ICT in Re-Branding Nigerian Youths for Constructive Empowerment a...IOSR Journals
Today, there is need to reposition our youths mental reasoning and economically empower them in order to certify the demands of the modern world. Rebranding Nigerian is one of the veritable tools to achieve this objective. Unless rebranding directs the power and energy of Nigerian youths towards academic and productive goals, the country keeps on experiencing social vices,moral and academic degradation. Gladly enough, Nigeria has joined the rest of the world in deploying ICT to ensure easy and quick enlightenment and empowerment of its populace. Obviously, ICT has grossly engaged most of the Nigerian teenagers and youths in performing educational, social, economical, governmental or religious activities in different dimensions nowadays. Therefore, this paper highlights the impact and areas where ICT has yielded positive change in rebranding Nigerian youths in achieving better mental capacity building.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Indonesia has the 4th largest mobile market in the world with 278 million subscribers. It also has a large 3G market, with many users skipping fixed broadband for mobile. The mobile operators Telkomsel, Indosat, and XL Axiata dominate the market, though they have significant foreign ownership. Mobile internet usage is growing rapidly, with internet users expected to more than quadruple by 2016, driven primarily by smartphones and mobile data usage. The telecommunications industry provides many opportunities around enterprise services, e-commerce, digital advertising, and increasing data consumption.
Relationship between use of ict and small enterprise performancefredrickaila
1) The document discusses a study that assessed the relationship between adoption of information communication technologies (ICT) and the performance of small enterprises in Kisumu City, Kenya.
2) The study found that over 50% of small enterprises had adopted ICT, though adoption was relatively slow. There was a statistically significant association between levels of ICT adoption and business performance.
3) The study confirms that higher levels of ICT adoption are highly associated with better business performance and are an essential ingredient for small business success. The government of Kenya needs policies to improve small business access to, security of, and use of ICT.
Mobile commerce refers to transactions initiated and completed using mobile devices. It allows consumers to purchase goods and services from sellers using their mobile phones. Key technologies that enable mobile commerce include wireless networks, GPS, and mobile payment systems. While still growing, mobile commerce provides consumers with ubiquity, as they can access information anywhere at any time from their mobile devices.
This document summarizes a paper about cloud computing in Africa. It begins with an abstract stating that cloud computing provides virtual computing services over the internet. It then discusses how the introduction of cloud computing could positively impact countries in Africa given the current economic status, by analyzing factors in information technology over past decades. The document outlines several sections that will analyze challenges to IT in Nigeria and how this impacts cloud computing adoption, provide statistical analysis of IT market trends, and draw conclusions.
IE IMBA Application: Question H - by Alicia M. Rivasamrivascortez
The document discusses the challenges facing the mobile telecommunications industry and the role the author hopes to play in addressing those challenges. It identifies four key regions - Africa/Southern Asia, emerging markets, Europe, and developed markets - each with different characteristics and challenges. These include increasing connectivity and technological adoption while maintaining profitability. The author believes obtaining new skills from an IMBA, learning from others' global experiences and ideas, applying creativity, understanding consumers, and demonstrating leadership can help them become part of the industry's solution by developing and executing ideas to address these challenges.
1) Information technology has significantly impacted various domains in Nigerian society, particularly banking through electronic payments and banking which has eliminated long queues.
2) Substantial investments between 53-64% of 10 million naira were made by companies between 1995-1997 to acquire and update IT facilities, mostly in hardware and infrastructure.
3) IT adoption has contributed to increased capacity utilization by enabling faster communication and processing of transactions through email and websites between users and suppliers.
A comparative analysis of cost and benefit of using information technology in...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on analyzing the costs and benefits of using information technology in corporate institutions. The study used surveys of 120 IT employees from various sectors to collect data on the costs and benefits of IT use. The key costs identified include hiring and training IT staff, maintaining equipment, staff compensation, utility bills for IT equipment, and royalties. The main benefits included improved communication, increased production speed, faster service delivery, improved marketing avenues, better customer access, higher productivity, and increased market share. The study aimed to quantify these costs and benefits to determine the overall financial impact of IT use and identify how organizations can measure this impact.
Nepal supports the multi-stakeholder approach of the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) to address internet issues. The IGF provides a platform for stakeholders from developed and developing countries to discuss challenges such as the digital divide, lack of network infrastructure, and high internet costs. However, developing countries face disadvantages like an inability to keep up with technology and standard policies that increase competition. Nepal experiences issues including high bandwidth fees, online privacy and security risks, and a lack of policies and national infrastructure. The IGF should maintain its inclusive, transparent environment and developed countries should address the needs of developing nations to support continued internet growth.
Politics And Reality Of Telephone Subscriber RegistrationConrad Taylor
This document summarizes the politics and realities of telephone subscription growth in emerging markets. It discusses the successes and challenges of expanding mobile access, including rapid subscription growth but also infrastructure barriers. It examines perspectives on the ethical role of governments in improving communications and considers policies around provision of telephony as a public good. It recommends that governments establish broad ICT strategies to deliver telephony as a public service and create an environment conducive to increased subscription.
Effects of mediation of trust on effect of quality service e-commerce, servi...inventionjournals
1) The document discusses a study on the mediating effects of consumer trust on the influence of e-commerce service quality, capabilities, communication, integrity, and mobile technology use on e-commerce shopping intentions.
2) The results showed evidence that consumer trust mediates the influence of service quality, capabilities, communication, integrity, and mobile technology use on e-commerce shopping intentions.
3) With high levels of trust, e-commerce service quality, capabilities, communication, integrity, and mobile technology use will lead to higher e-commerce shopping intentions.
3G is the third generation of mobile network technology that provides faster access to data and expands the utility of wireless devices. It allows for high-speed data transmission of up to 2 Mbps, which enables more advanced applications like mobile TV and video calling. A 2009 survey found that over half of young US consumers were interested in mobile TV through 3G. Japan was an early adopter of 3G in 2001, and it is now used widely for social networking, location-based services, mobile payments and more. The growth of 3G is expected to further increase the demand for mobile internet and non-voice services in countries like Thailand by fulfilling the unmet needs of key groups like teenagers and professionals.
Customer perceptions of south African cellular network operators.8hearingpta
This document summarizes a study on customer perceptions of South African cellular network operators. It provides background on the growth of mobile phones in South Africa, describing the key cellular operators (Vodacom, MTN, Cell C) and contracts (prepaid vs postpaid). The study examines how declining average revenue per user is impacting sustainability from a customer relationship perspective. It administered surveys to 500 subscribers in KwaZulu-Natal to understand customer needs and relationships with operators. The results emphasized the need for marketing strategies to align with customer care and the influence of cost on usage patterns.
The document discusses how digitization and adoption of information and communications technology is linked to economic growth of nations. It examines six attributes that determine a country's level of digitization: ubiquity, affordability, reliability, speed, usability, and skill. Countries are categorized into four stages of digitization based on their scores across these attributes - constrained, emerging, transitional, and advanced. More digitized countries experience greater economic benefits like higher GDP and lower unemployment as well as social benefits like improved quality of life and access to services. The level and impact of digitization has been accelerating globally in recent years.
The document summarizes mobile infrastructure, investments, and data traffic trends in Africa based on a report by Dr. Madanmohan Rao. Key points include:
- Mobile infrastructure in Africa is growing through investments in undersea cables and 3G networks by major operators like MTN and Airtel. This has led to declining broadband prices.
- Mobile data traffic in Africa is expected to experience exponential growth over the next few years, increasing 63-fold, as more people access the internet on smartphones and tablets.
- By 2015, there will be more people connected to mobile networks than with access to electricity in some regions, and over 5.6 billion mobile devices will be connected globally.
Deloitte has brought out its 2021 forecast in the telecommunications, media and technology sector. The report gives a detailed view of the new future with increasing dependence on smart technology like artificial intelligence (AI). For instance, virtual reality is transforming the way businesses and educational sectors function because of the pandemic. The report also highlights the growth in the telecommunications sector, virtual radio networks, telehealth or virtual health check-ups and a boom in online gaming all over the world. Overall, Deloitte is predicting a faster and ongoing boost of technological innovations as well as an increasing dependence on the same. See More: https://www2.deloitte.com/in/en/pages/technology-media-and-telecommunications/articles/tmt-predictions-2021.html
T-Mobile is planning to enter the Nigerian telecommunications market. The document provides an analysis of Nigeria's political, economic, social and technological environment and how it impacts the telecom industry. It also examines T-Mobile's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. T-Mobile aims to attract 5 million customers in Nigeria within 2 years by offering competitive prices, high quality products and services, and developing new products tailored for the Nigerian market.
The Indian telecommunications sector has experienced rapid growth in recent years and become the third largest market globally. A PESTEL analysis was conducted to analyze the key political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors influencing the industry. Politically, reforms since the 1980s have opened the sector to private players. Economically, revenue and GDP contribution have increased significantly. Socially, changing lifestyles and rural connectivity have impacted demand. Technologically, advances like 3G and new standards have been adopted. Legally, regulations have evolved with the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India now overseeing the sector. Environmentally, operators are focusing more on reducing electronic waste and emissions.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for Rural DevelopmentJo Balucanag - Bitonio
This document discusses information and communication technologies (ICT) for rural development, specifically focusing on rural ICT center programs. It notes that while cybercafes are common in urban areas, they are not financially viable in rural areas due to issues like high connectivity costs and low population density. As a result, governments have established telecenters modeled after cybercafes to bring ICT access to underserved rural communities. The document examines the challenges rural ICT centers face in achieving sustainability and impact, and identifies some best practices of successful programs, such as focusing on skills development training. It concludes that rural ICT centers can help advance development goals if viewed as technology hubs that promote digital inclusion and skills learning.
The document discusses Vietnam's information technology industry and makes several recommendations to further its growth. It notes that Vietnam's IT sector has grown at 16% annually from 2011-2015, but challenges remain. Specifically, it recommends that Vietnam:
1) Reduce costly internet connection prices and increase transparency in pricing to attract more investment.
2) Strengthen data protection laws and increase enforcement to boost consumer trust and investment.
3) Improve IT education and training programs to develop a skilled workforce and meet its goal of 1 million skilled IT workers by 2020.
4) Revise aspects of its draft IT services decree to avoid placing unnecessary burdens on companies and ensure the legal framework supports industry growth.
The document discusses the growth of internet and mobile banking globally and in Indonesia. It notes that by 2014, there will be 1 billion internet users with 65% in Asia Pacific. Mobile banking usage is growing quadruple the rate since 2011. The document then discusses the opportunity for CIMB Niaga in Indonesia, noting that Indonesia's middle class is growing wealthier and 73% of Indonesians use mobile phones. It provides statistics on social media usage in Indonesia from various surveys. The document concludes by discussing CIMB Niaga's branchless banking capabilities and features through internet and mobile banking.
The Changing Face of E Commerce in Nigeria Prospects and ChallengesYogeshIJTSRD
While prior studies focused on the determinants of adoption of e commerce in large scale businesses and organizations, there is a few of empirical research on this issue of acceptance of e commerce in retail shops in emerging economies. This study addresses this lacuna by focusing on the changing faces of e commerce factors driving Nigerian retail shops’ adoption of online selling. A framework based on the extant literature and established model in the relevant field is critically examined in this study. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency and percentage. The results showed that there is low involvement of consumers in e commerce changes in Nigeria. Secondly, the study also found out that the availability of online shopping does not affect the number of shopping trips that consumers make to physical stores. This finding has implications for e commerce sites and the government in designing an appropriate strategy for the implementation of technological innovation that are highlighted in the study. Dr. Robinson Aristarchus Bananda | Dr. Kennedy O. Nwagwu "The Changing Face of E-Commerce in Nigeria; Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38018.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/38018/the-changing-face-of-ecommerce-in-nigeria-prospects-and-challenges/dr-robinson-aristarchus-bananda
Thesis: THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIASeun Otukoya
This document provides an introduction and background to examining the role of information technology on the performance of banks in Nigeria. It discusses how globally IT has become important for economic development. It then discusses how IT has changed banking services and defines IT. It notes that IT has improved bank processes and customer service in Nigeria. The objectives are to examine the impact and role of IT on bank performance and determine how it has affected staff and customer satisfaction. The study will focus on Guaranty Trust Bank using questionnaires. The significance is that IT has positively impacted many sectors in Nigeria including banking.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
Relationship between use of ict and small enterprise performancefredrickaila
1) The document discusses a study that assessed the relationship between adoption of information communication technologies (ICT) and the performance of small enterprises in Kisumu City, Kenya.
2) The study found that over 50% of small enterprises had adopted ICT, though adoption was relatively slow. There was a statistically significant association between levels of ICT adoption and business performance.
3) The study confirms that higher levels of ICT adoption are highly associated with better business performance and are an essential ingredient for small business success. The government of Kenya needs policies to improve small business access to, security of, and use of ICT.
Mobile commerce refers to transactions initiated and completed using mobile devices. It allows consumers to purchase goods and services from sellers using their mobile phones. Key technologies that enable mobile commerce include wireless networks, GPS, and mobile payment systems. While still growing, mobile commerce provides consumers with ubiquity, as they can access information anywhere at any time from their mobile devices.
This document summarizes a paper about cloud computing in Africa. It begins with an abstract stating that cloud computing provides virtual computing services over the internet. It then discusses how the introduction of cloud computing could positively impact countries in Africa given the current economic status, by analyzing factors in information technology over past decades. The document outlines several sections that will analyze challenges to IT in Nigeria and how this impacts cloud computing adoption, provide statistical analysis of IT market trends, and draw conclusions.
IE IMBA Application: Question H - by Alicia M. Rivasamrivascortez
The document discusses the challenges facing the mobile telecommunications industry and the role the author hopes to play in addressing those challenges. It identifies four key regions - Africa/Southern Asia, emerging markets, Europe, and developed markets - each with different characteristics and challenges. These include increasing connectivity and technological adoption while maintaining profitability. The author believes obtaining new skills from an IMBA, learning from others' global experiences and ideas, applying creativity, understanding consumers, and demonstrating leadership can help them become part of the industry's solution by developing and executing ideas to address these challenges.
1) Information technology has significantly impacted various domains in Nigerian society, particularly banking through electronic payments and banking which has eliminated long queues.
2) Substantial investments between 53-64% of 10 million naira were made by companies between 1995-1997 to acquire and update IT facilities, mostly in hardware and infrastructure.
3) IT adoption has contributed to increased capacity utilization by enabling faster communication and processing of transactions through email and websites between users and suppliers.
A comparative analysis of cost and benefit of using information technology in...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on analyzing the costs and benefits of using information technology in corporate institutions. The study used surveys of 120 IT employees from various sectors to collect data on the costs and benefits of IT use. The key costs identified include hiring and training IT staff, maintaining equipment, staff compensation, utility bills for IT equipment, and royalties. The main benefits included improved communication, increased production speed, faster service delivery, improved marketing avenues, better customer access, higher productivity, and increased market share. The study aimed to quantify these costs and benefits to determine the overall financial impact of IT use and identify how organizations can measure this impact.
Nepal supports the multi-stakeholder approach of the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) to address internet issues. The IGF provides a platform for stakeholders from developed and developing countries to discuss challenges such as the digital divide, lack of network infrastructure, and high internet costs. However, developing countries face disadvantages like an inability to keep up with technology and standard policies that increase competition. Nepal experiences issues including high bandwidth fees, online privacy and security risks, and a lack of policies and national infrastructure. The IGF should maintain its inclusive, transparent environment and developed countries should address the needs of developing nations to support continued internet growth.
Politics And Reality Of Telephone Subscriber RegistrationConrad Taylor
This document summarizes the politics and realities of telephone subscription growth in emerging markets. It discusses the successes and challenges of expanding mobile access, including rapid subscription growth but also infrastructure barriers. It examines perspectives on the ethical role of governments in improving communications and considers policies around provision of telephony as a public good. It recommends that governments establish broad ICT strategies to deliver telephony as a public service and create an environment conducive to increased subscription.
Effects of mediation of trust on effect of quality service e-commerce, servi...inventionjournals
1) The document discusses a study on the mediating effects of consumer trust on the influence of e-commerce service quality, capabilities, communication, integrity, and mobile technology use on e-commerce shopping intentions.
2) The results showed evidence that consumer trust mediates the influence of service quality, capabilities, communication, integrity, and mobile technology use on e-commerce shopping intentions.
3) With high levels of trust, e-commerce service quality, capabilities, communication, integrity, and mobile technology use will lead to higher e-commerce shopping intentions.
3G is the third generation of mobile network technology that provides faster access to data and expands the utility of wireless devices. It allows for high-speed data transmission of up to 2 Mbps, which enables more advanced applications like mobile TV and video calling. A 2009 survey found that over half of young US consumers were interested in mobile TV through 3G. Japan was an early adopter of 3G in 2001, and it is now used widely for social networking, location-based services, mobile payments and more. The growth of 3G is expected to further increase the demand for mobile internet and non-voice services in countries like Thailand by fulfilling the unmet needs of key groups like teenagers and professionals.
Customer perceptions of south African cellular network operators.8hearingpta
This document summarizes a study on customer perceptions of South African cellular network operators. It provides background on the growth of mobile phones in South Africa, describing the key cellular operators (Vodacom, MTN, Cell C) and contracts (prepaid vs postpaid). The study examines how declining average revenue per user is impacting sustainability from a customer relationship perspective. It administered surveys to 500 subscribers in KwaZulu-Natal to understand customer needs and relationships with operators. The results emphasized the need for marketing strategies to align with customer care and the influence of cost on usage patterns.
The document discusses how digitization and adoption of information and communications technology is linked to economic growth of nations. It examines six attributes that determine a country's level of digitization: ubiquity, affordability, reliability, speed, usability, and skill. Countries are categorized into four stages of digitization based on their scores across these attributes - constrained, emerging, transitional, and advanced. More digitized countries experience greater economic benefits like higher GDP and lower unemployment as well as social benefits like improved quality of life and access to services. The level and impact of digitization has been accelerating globally in recent years.
The document summarizes mobile infrastructure, investments, and data traffic trends in Africa based on a report by Dr. Madanmohan Rao. Key points include:
- Mobile infrastructure in Africa is growing through investments in undersea cables and 3G networks by major operators like MTN and Airtel. This has led to declining broadband prices.
- Mobile data traffic in Africa is expected to experience exponential growth over the next few years, increasing 63-fold, as more people access the internet on smartphones and tablets.
- By 2015, there will be more people connected to mobile networks than with access to electricity in some regions, and over 5.6 billion mobile devices will be connected globally.
Deloitte has brought out its 2021 forecast in the telecommunications, media and technology sector. The report gives a detailed view of the new future with increasing dependence on smart technology like artificial intelligence (AI). For instance, virtual reality is transforming the way businesses and educational sectors function because of the pandemic. The report also highlights the growth in the telecommunications sector, virtual radio networks, telehealth or virtual health check-ups and a boom in online gaming all over the world. Overall, Deloitte is predicting a faster and ongoing boost of technological innovations as well as an increasing dependence on the same. See More: https://www2.deloitte.com/in/en/pages/technology-media-and-telecommunications/articles/tmt-predictions-2021.html
T-Mobile is planning to enter the Nigerian telecommunications market. The document provides an analysis of Nigeria's political, economic, social and technological environment and how it impacts the telecom industry. It also examines T-Mobile's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. T-Mobile aims to attract 5 million customers in Nigeria within 2 years by offering competitive prices, high quality products and services, and developing new products tailored for the Nigerian market.
The Indian telecommunications sector has experienced rapid growth in recent years and become the third largest market globally. A PESTEL analysis was conducted to analyze the key political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors influencing the industry. Politically, reforms since the 1980s have opened the sector to private players. Economically, revenue and GDP contribution have increased significantly. Socially, changing lifestyles and rural connectivity have impacted demand. Technologically, advances like 3G and new standards have been adopted. Legally, regulations have evolved with the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India now overseeing the sector. Environmentally, operators are focusing more on reducing electronic waste and emissions.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for Rural DevelopmentJo Balucanag - Bitonio
This document discusses information and communication technologies (ICT) for rural development, specifically focusing on rural ICT center programs. It notes that while cybercafes are common in urban areas, they are not financially viable in rural areas due to issues like high connectivity costs and low population density. As a result, governments have established telecenters modeled after cybercafes to bring ICT access to underserved rural communities. The document examines the challenges rural ICT centers face in achieving sustainability and impact, and identifies some best practices of successful programs, such as focusing on skills development training. It concludes that rural ICT centers can help advance development goals if viewed as technology hubs that promote digital inclusion and skills learning.
The document discusses Vietnam's information technology industry and makes several recommendations to further its growth. It notes that Vietnam's IT sector has grown at 16% annually from 2011-2015, but challenges remain. Specifically, it recommends that Vietnam:
1) Reduce costly internet connection prices and increase transparency in pricing to attract more investment.
2) Strengthen data protection laws and increase enforcement to boost consumer trust and investment.
3) Improve IT education and training programs to develop a skilled workforce and meet its goal of 1 million skilled IT workers by 2020.
4) Revise aspects of its draft IT services decree to avoid placing unnecessary burdens on companies and ensure the legal framework supports industry growth.
The document discusses the growth of internet and mobile banking globally and in Indonesia. It notes that by 2014, there will be 1 billion internet users with 65% in Asia Pacific. Mobile banking usage is growing quadruple the rate since 2011. The document then discusses the opportunity for CIMB Niaga in Indonesia, noting that Indonesia's middle class is growing wealthier and 73% of Indonesians use mobile phones. It provides statistics on social media usage in Indonesia from various surveys. The document concludes by discussing CIMB Niaga's branchless banking capabilities and features through internet and mobile banking.
The Changing Face of E Commerce in Nigeria Prospects and ChallengesYogeshIJTSRD
While prior studies focused on the determinants of adoption of e commerce in large scale businesses and organizations, there is a few of empirical research on this issue of acceptance of e commerce in retail shops in emerging economies. This study addresses this lacuna by focusing on the changing faces of e commerce factors driving Nigerian retail shops’ adoption of online selling. A framework based on the extant literature and established model in the relevant field is critically examined in this study. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency and percentage. The results showed that there is low involvement of consumers in e commerce changes in Nigeria. Secondly, the study also found out that the availability of online shopping does not affect the number of shopping trips that consumers make to physical stores. This finding has implications for e commerce sites and the government in designing an appropriate strategy for the implementation of technological innovation that are highlighted in the study. Dr. Robinson Aristarchus Bananda | Dr. Kennedy O. Nwagwu "The Changing Face of E-Commerce in Nigeria; Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38018.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/38018/the-changing-face-of-ecommerce-in-nigeria-prospects-and-challenges/dr-robinson-aristarchus-bananda
Thesis: THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIASeun Otukoya
This document provides an introduction and background to examining the role of information technology on the performance of banks in Nigeria. It discusses how globally IT has become important for economic development. It then discusses how IT has changed banking services and defines IT. It notes that IT has improved bank processes and customer service in Nigeria. The objectives are to examine the impact and role of IT on bank performance and determine how it has affected staff and customer satisfaction. The study will focus on Guaranty Trust Bank using questionnaires. The significance is that IT has positively impacted many sectors in Nigeria including banking.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
Mobile Calculating And Pervasive CalculatingRachel Davis
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a 4G wireless standard developed by 3GPP to provide higher data speeds and capacities than 3G networks like HSPA and HSPA+, with initial deployments beginning in 2009; LTE aims to offer high performance and full mobility support for vehicles traveling at high speeds while coexisting with existing 3G networks; the technology is scalable to allow operators to migrate networks and users from 3G technologies like HSPA+ to the new LTE standard over time.
The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of information and communication technology on
service delivery in the Telecommunications industry. A descriptive survey research method was used as it helped
the researcher to determine how the use of ICTs can improve service delivery at MTC, Namibia.
Findings showed that variables of information and communication technology have positive effect on service
delivery. Therefore, the study concluded that training collectively with changes in corporate policies and support,
can result in better service delivery. It was recommended that employees have to acquire skills on how to use computers and communication software in order to offer efficient services
Impact of Information Technology on Nigeria Banking Industry: a case study fo...georgeviene
This document discusses the impact of information technology on Nigeria's banking industry, using Skye Bank as a case study. It begins with an introduction on the importance of IT in banking today. It then reviews Skye Bank's existing network design and compares it to a proposed network solution. The proposed design uses a star topology with VLAN segmentation to improve security, availability, and performance over the existing design. It is argued that the proposed design would reduce costs, improve security, and decrease latency and delays compared to the bank's current network configuration.
Effect of Information and Communication Technology on Organizational Performa...ijtsrd
Information and communication technology has long been recognized as a key factor in helping businesses maximize profits, ensure customer satisfaction and reduce costs. Therefore, this study determines the impact of ICT on the performance of Nigerian breweries organizations. The major objective of this study is to examine the impact of Information Communication and Technology on Nigeria Brewery’s organisational performance, while the specific objectives are to examine the impact of internet access on organisational performance. . It is to investigate and judge the extent of The data was collected by staff at the Nigerian Brewery located in Lagos Statetem Southwest, Nigeria. A total of 2,740 Nigerian brewery workers participated in the survey. Due to the relative size and clarity of the study area, the collected data were analyzed using multiple regression. This fact shows that information and communication technology ICT is having a significant impact on the performance of Nigerian breweries organizations. The results also show that Internet access has a positive impact on business performance with an R2 value of 0.738, and a statistically significant factor with a 95 confidence level and a Sig of 0.033 is associated with cloud computing and corporate performance. It also shows that there is a significant association between The study recommends that organizations use Internet access to effectively plan, execute, and communicate better to reach customers and beneficiaries. Oniwura Damilola Oluseyi | Omolafe Mercy Temitope "Effect of Information and Communication Technology on Organizational Performance in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52022.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/52022/effect-of-information-and-communication-technology-on-organizational-performance-in-nigeria/oniwura-damilola-oluseyi
The study examined the effects of digital marketing on consumer behaviour in selected states in
Nigeria. The sample for the study is made up of 378 purposively selected consumers and marketers in the study.
The data for the study was obtained using a structured questionnaire. Inferential statistics such as multiple
regression among others
Information technology for effective supervision of the marketing executives ...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study that examined how information technology enhances supervision of marketing executives in the banking industry in Nigeria. The study used a three-tier information model and surveyed 180 marketing executives from eight banks in Lagos. Results found that personal computers can effectively serve as communication centers for managers to quickly receive and relay information to marketing executives. Computerized support systems were also found to improve marketing executive productivity and management effectiveness.
This document provides background information on a study examining the role of information technology in commercial banking in Nigeria. It begins with an introduction that outlines the global growth of IT and its importance in organizations. It then discusses how IT has changed banking services and facilitated online and mobile banking. The objectives of the study are to determine how IT has contributed to customer satisfaction and bank performance, and to assess how knowledgeable bank staff are in using IT. The methodology will include surveys of bank customers, employees and managers. The significance of the study is that IT has positively impacted many sectors in Nigeria, including improving banking services and financial inclusion.
This document discusses the role of information technology on commercial banks in Nigeria. It begins with providing background on how information technology has become integral to economic development globally and transformed organizations. It then discusses how information technology has changed and improved banking services in Nigeria, allowing for online account opening, transactions, and self-service facilities. The document aims to examine the impact of information technology on bank performance in Nigeria, using Guaranty Trust Bank as a case study. It outlines the objectives, research questions, and hypotheses that will guide the study.
An evaluation of the efficacy of information technology on the performance of...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the efficacy of information technology (IT) on the performance of selected banks in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. The study reviewed literature on how IT has been applied to banking services and management. It presented results from a survey of 103 customers from 3 banks that found IT reduced time wasting and increased productivity and customer satisfaction. Statistical analysis revealed customers' perceptions of IT's impact on service delivery did not significantly differ between banks. The study concluded IT has increased banks' processing speed and ability to serve more customers, and recommended Nigerian banks continue investing in IT to further enhance customer service and profitability.
The Effect of Customers Perception on Security and Privacy of Internet Bankin...paperpublications3
Abstract: Internet banking allows banks to provide information and offer services to their customers conveniently using the internet technology. However, studies have shown that customers have perceptions that impact on the uptake and continuous usage of the platform. The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of customer perceptions on usage of internet banking in commercial banks in Kenya. This study used descriptive research design while a stratified random sampling technique was used to select subjects to represent the target population which was made up of 1,837,312 customers of commercial banks within Nairobi County. An estimated 384 respondents were targeted to participate in the study. 272 questionnaires representing a 71% response rate were received and analysed. Based on the findings of the research it was concluded that customers have perception that have an effect on usage of internet banking. Customers both users and potential, are still apprehensive about the security of internet banking transactions and privacy of their sessions while online. Due to increased phishing, on online scams and frauds perpetrated online customers are reluctant to adopt or continue using internet banking. It is the responsibility of commercial banks to sensitize their customers and assure them that it is safe to access internet banking from both a private and public network. They should provide customers with guidelines on how to safe guard their information and secure their log on credential while using both private and public networkKeywords:Internet banking, commercial bank, Technology Acceptance Model, customer perceptions.
Title:The Effect of Customers Perception on Security and Privacy of Internet Banking On Its Usage in Commercial Banks in Kenya
Author:Dr. Stephen Titus Waithaka, Kilembwa Muthengi Joseph Nzeveka
ISSN 2350-1022
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology
Paper Publications
IRJET- E-Commerce for Economic Development in NigeriaIRJET Journal
This document discusses e-commerce for economic development in Nigeria. It identifies several barriers hindering the adoption of e-commerce in Nigeria, including lack of ICT infrastructure, security concerns about online transactions, and cultural issues. The study developed a secure platform for Nigerian-made goods to help address security risks. It used object-oriented design for the interface and WordPress with MySQL for the front-end and back-end. The document argues that overcoming barriers like security, infrastructure, and awareness will allow Nigeria to gain substantial economic benefits from embracing e-commerce.
This document provides a summary of research conducted on the digital literacy skills of Mitra (small business owners) affiliated with Warung Pintar (Smart Kiosks) in Indonesia. Some key findings include:
- On average, Mitra own 1 smartphone which they use to access the internet for 5.4 hours per day, less than the national average of 8 hours.
- Over 90% of Mitra use technology and the internet, having social media accounts, doing online transactions, and gathering information online. However, only 64% use digital banking.
- Mitra's Digital Inclusion Index is 61.13 out of 100, in the "moderate" category, with their Access-Affordability Index
The appearance of data innovation to each part of human life and business has been obvious to
the point that it doesn't should be complemented more. Data innovation has been of extraordinary
substance in managing an account framework. This examination expects to explore the impact of
data innovation in the saving money arrangement of Bank. The information are acquired both
through the clients and the workers. The information were then broke down utilizing the correct
rate and the 5-point Liker scale to decide the effect of Information innovation in the saving money
framework undertakings. The discoveries at that point demonstrated that Information innovation
adds to the saving money framework in three diverse routes as tails: IT spares the season of the
clients and the representatives obviously, IT chops down the costs and IT encourages the system
exchanges.
Developing Nigeria’s Digital Economy - Bolaji Okusaga.pptxBolajiOkusaga
CONVERSATIONS ON NIGERIA'S DIGITAL ECONOMY
Nigeria has a huge potential for developing a digital economy similar to that of India. In this paper, I discuss routes to developing Nigeria's digital economy. #Technology #ICT #DigitalIncubation #DigitalEconomy #TechnologyHub #ECommerce #EGovernance #DigitalMusic #MovieStreaming
Broadband internet provides high-speed data transmission and has significant benefits for national economic growth. It allows for fast downloads, live streaming, online lectures, and more. Broadband growth is associated with increases in GDP, job creation, productivity, and improved access to services like healthcare and education. The document argues that investing in broadband infrastructure is key to realizing these economic and social benefits, and that Nigeria in particular needs to improve its ICT ecosystem to better position itself for the opportunities provided by broadband connectivity.
This document discusses the strategic applications of information technology in the tourism industry. It begins by defining key terms like information technology and information systems. It then describes the evolution of IT in tourism business from industrial automation to today's digital transformation. Some strategic applications of IT discussed include managing value chains and costs, managing knowledge and information through effective strategies, and using IT for marketing and gaining competitive advantages through innovations.
social production for social entrepreneursMark Herringer
For application developers and social entrepreneurs to be able to collaborate and develop applications that address social change there needs to be a communication link that enables an agile development process.
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
This document discusses a transformational-generative approach to understanding Al-Istifham, which refers to interrogative sentences in Arabic. It begins with an introduction to the origin and development of Arabic grammar. The paper then explains the theoretical framework of transformational-generative grammar that is used. Basic linguistic concepts and terms related to Arabic grammar are defined. The document analyzes how interrogative sentences in Arabic can be derived and transformed via tools from transformational-generative grammar, categorizing Al-Istifham into linguistic and literary questions.
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of savings in Namibia from 1991 to 2012. It reviews previous literature on savings determinants in developing countries. The study uses time series analysis including unit root tests, cointegration, and error correction models to analyze the relationship between savings and variables like income, inflation, population growth, deposit rates, and financial deepening in Namibia. The results found inflation and income have a positive impact on savings, while population growth negatively impacts savings. Deposit rates and financial deepening were found to have no significant impact. The study reinforces previous work and emphasizes the importance of improving income levels to achieve higher savings rates in Namibia.
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the importance of exercise in maintaining physical and mental fitness for school children. It discusses how physical and mental fitness are developed through participation in regular physical exercises and cannot be achieved solely through classroom learning. The document outlines different types and components of fitness and argues that developing fitness should be a key objective of education systems. It recommends that schools ensure pupils engage in graded physical activities and exercises to support their overall development.
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining efficiency in managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was examined through the lenses of Kaizen theory (continuous improvement) and efficiency theory. A survey of 303 marketing executives from Nigerian banks found that management plays a key role in identifying and implementing efficiency improvements. The document recommends adopting a "3H grand strategy" to improve the heads, hearts, and hands of management and marketing executives by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and tools.
This document discusses evaluating the link budget for effective 900MHz GSM communication. It describes the basic parameters needed for a high-level link budget calculation, including transmitter power, antenna gains, path loss, and propagation models. Common propagation models for 900MHz that are described include Okumura model for urban areas and Hata model for urban, suburban, and open areas. Rain attenuation is also incorporated using the updated ITU model to improve communication during rainfall.
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
This document discusses contraceptive use in Punjab, Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the benefits of family planning and contraceptive use for maternal and child health. It then analyzes contraceptive commodity data from Punjab, finding that use is still low despite efforts to improve access. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for strategies to bridge gaps and meet the unmet need for effective and affordable contraceptive methods and supplies in Punjab in order to improve health outcomes.
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses synthesizing Taylor's scientific management approach and Fayol's process management approach to identify an effective way to manage marketing executives in Nigerian banks.
2) It reviews Taylor's emphasis on efficiency and breaking tasks into small parts, and Fayol's focus on developing general management principles.
3) The study administered a survey to 303 marketing executives in Nigerian banks to test if combining elements of Taylor and Fayol's approaches would help manage their performance through clear roles, accountability, and motivation. Statistical analysis supported combining the two approaches.
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes four algorithms for sequential pattern mining: GSP, ISM, FreeSpan, and PrefixSpan. GSP is an Apriori-based algorithm that incorporates time constraints. ISM extends SPADE to incrementally update patterns after database changes. FreeSpan uses frequent items to recursively project databases and grow subsequences. PrefixSpan also uses projection but claims to not require candidate generation. It recursively projects databases based on short prefix patterns. The document concludes by stating the goal was to find an efficient scheme for extracting sequential patterns from transactional datasets.
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes several techniques for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing. It discusses works that have proposed affinity-aware migration models to improve resource utilization, energy efficient migration approaches using storage migration and live VM migration, and a dynamic consolidation technique using migration control to avoid unnecessary migrations. The document also summarizes works that have designed methods to minimize migration downtime and network traffic, proposed a resource reservation framework for efficient migration of multiple VMs, and addressed real-time issues in live migration. Finally, it provides a table summarizing the techniques, tools used, and potential future work or gaps identified for each discussed work.
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
This document discusses data mining of big data using Hadoop and MongoDB. It provides an overview of Hadoop and MongoDB and their uses in big data analysis. Specifically, it proposes using Hadoop for distributed processing and MongoDB for data storage and input. The document reviews several related works that discuss big data analysis using these tools, as well as their capabilities for scalable data storage and mining. It aims to improve computational time and fault tolerance for big data analysis by mining data stored in Hadoop using MongoDB and MapReduce.
1. The document discusses several challenges for integrating media with cloud computing including media content convergence, scalability and expandability, finding appropriate applications, and reliability.
2. Media content convergence challenges include dealing with the heterogeneity of media types, services, networks, devices, and quality of service requirements as well as integrating technologies used by media providers and consumers.
3. Scalability and expandability challenges involve adapting to the increasing volume of media content and being able to support new media formats and outlets over time.
This document surveys trust architectures that leverage provenance in wireless sensor networks. It begins with background on provenance, which refers to the documented history or derivation of data. Provenance can be used to assess trust by providing metadata about how data was processed. The document then discusses challenges for using provenance to establish trust in wireless sensor networks, which have constraints on energy and computation. Finally, it provides background on trust, which is the subjective probability that a node will behave dependably. Trust architectures need to be lightweight to account for the constraints of wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses private equity investments in Kenya. It provides background on private equity and discusses trends in various regions. The objectives of the study discussed are to establish the extent of private equity adoption in Kenya, identify common forms of private equity utilized, and determine typical exit strategies. Private equity can involve venture capital, leveraged buyouts, or mezzanine financing. Exits allow recycling of capital into new opportunities. The document provides context on private equity globally and in developing markets like Africa to frame the goals of the study.
This document discusses a study that analyzes the financial health of the Indian logistics industry from 2005-2012 using Altman's Z-score model. The study finds that the average Z-score for selected logistics firms was in the healthy to very healthy range during the study period. The average Z-score increased from 2006 to 2010 when the Indian economy was hit by the global recession, indicating the overall performance of the Indian logistics industry was good. The document reviews previous literature on measuring financial performance and distress using ratios and Z-scores, and outlines the objectives and methodology used in the current study.
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Unlocking WhatsApp Marketing with HubSpot: Integrating Messaging into Your Ma...Niswey
50 million companies worldwide leverage WhatsApp as a key marketing channel. You may have considered adding it to your marketing mix, or probably already driving impressive conversions with WhatsApp.
But wait. What happens when you fully integrate your WhatsApp campaigns with HubSpot?
That's exactly what we explored in this session.
We take a look at everything that you need to know in order to deploy effective WhatsApp marketing strategies, and integrate it with your buyer journey in HubSpot. From technical requirements to innovative campaign strategies, to advanced campaign reporting - we discuss all that and more, to leverage WhatsApp for maximum impact. Check out more details about the event here https://events.hubspot.com/events/details/hubspot-new-delhi-presents-unlocking-whatsapp-marketing-with-hubspot-integrating-messaging-into-your-marketing-strategy/
Tired of chasing down expiring contracts and drowning in paperwork? Mastering contract management can significantly enhance your business efficiency and productivity. This guide unveils expert secrets to streamline your contract management process. Learn how to save time, minimize risk, and achieve effortless contract management.
The APCO Geopolitical Radar - Q3 2024 The Global Operating Environment for Bu...APCO
The Radar reflects input from APCO’s teams located around the world. It distils a host of interconnected events and trends into insights to inform operational and strategic decisions. Issues covered in this edition include:
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1. Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol 2, No.3
Customer Attitude Towards Internet Advertising And
Online Sales (A Case Study Of Mtn Nigeria)
Usman Owolabi Akeem
Faculty of Management Science,
PMB4000,Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Tel: +234 836675099 E-mail-labisky@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
This research study is focused on customer attitude towards internet advertising and online sales A case study of
MTN Nigeria. Relevant literatures were reviewed to have a better understanding of the theoretical frame work of the
study. Basically, a survey research designed was employed, and questionnaires (which were the major research
instrument of the study) were administered to selected staff. Thus, a simple rand probability sampling technique was
adopted while the response rate was Ninety percent (90%) for the administered questionnaires. The study also used
chi square, simple frequency distribution and tables as major statistical tools for data analysis, and test of
hypotheses. From the analysis, the following findings were made through the test of hypotheses that; there is
relationship between availability of an uninterruptible power supply and effective internet advertising/online sales,
there is relationship between perfect knowledge (entry and exit) about market situations concerning internet
facilities and exact information on customers’ behavior on e-commerce, there is evidence to show that high cost of
providing information scientifically through internet adverts affect customer behaviour especially the local
communities that are illiterate. The following recommendations were made by the researcher that; a quarter of the
respondents consider internet access to be very expensive. Government should therefore intervene in the provision
of internet services with the view of lowering its cost and making it more accessible to the majority of Nigerians.
Since some of respondents feel they do not have need for online shopping, companies offering products on the web
should promote the advantages of online shopping to traditional means of exchange.
Keywords: customer , attitude, internet ,advertising, Nigeria
1.0 Introduction
The Nigerian internet initiative started with the effort of the Nigerian internet group by the late 1994. During this
period the only access to the internet was Nigeria. Telecom Ltd (NITEL) leased acts which were then very
expensive. The pressure was therefore put on NITED to build the infrastructural backbone to make this service more
accessible and relatively cheaper to make the effort and awareness drive worth while.
The internet has come with an evolution that cannot be compared with existing technologies that were before it.
Molosi (2001) remarked that the television revolution took 13yearrs to reach 50million viewers and the internet
achieved this mark in only 4 years Molosi (2001). There is no doubt that the rate of deployment of new technologies
in developing countries is low, especially those of sub-saharan Africa. This is particularly noticeable in the areas of
telecommunication and computing infrastructure, has led to increase through ISDN, VSAT and even through their
mobile phones. Governments in Africa in their ICT reform programs have made efforts to liberalize the market an
privatize the sole carrier Oyeyinka Oyelaran Adeya (2002).
A number of countries have adopted the Global System of Mobile telecommunication (GSM), which has boosted the
overall available telephone lines. For instance, in Nigeria, Zimbabwe and Uganda government have been licenced a
number of GSM Operators. The impact of the moves have been quite dramatic in number of cases for example the
Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) in Nigeria before August 2001 there were just about 500,000
mobile and fixed telephone lines in all. Today, the country has over 36 million mobile lines and a little over one
million fixed lines for a population of over 140million, tele-density as at June 2007 stood at 28.42 (Internet
Download 2007). The fact the internet is a measure interconnectivity and inter-relation of million of computers all
over the world for the basic purpose of information exchange in which each computer so connected maintains its
47
2. Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol 2, No.3
own position of the internet, have made transaction easy. All the computers are built in an internet operate common
language or prototype as standard in order that a free flow communication (between sender and receiver) is
enhanced, the difference in hardware or software not with standing.
The benefits in an internet to all disciplines according to Adeola (2006) are in its facilitator of globalization process.
Thus, internet is advertising in particular and marketing in general is the gateway effective buying and selling
globally, considering the intensive knowledge and opportunity it provides. Internet therefore educates, persuades
and guides and advertiser to a effective decisions relative to limited available resources and dispersed customer of a
product or services. Igbinosa (2003) effective internet usage in marketing (especially advert) is a necessity to
overcoming competition and ultimately arrives at a success. He however, added that internet usage in advertising a
product or services should be exercise with caution as a result of variety of risks surrounding networking for it
performance and security in data.
Similarly, Mabbare (1999) opined that if benefit are to be derived in internet by customers especially
advertising/marketing, training of resources (human) in selected programme in the determination of customer
attitude. This is because a broad knowledge of this programme will strategically positioned advertiser to accessing
customers data (behaviour in the purchase of good and services) and exchange of information. It will also assists in
making advertising and online sales forecasting, buddgeting and other services more interesting, attractive and less
cumbersonme. The fact that advertising are forms of sponsored telecommunication activities associated with
personal selling, using internet advertising is therefore necessary in stimulating the customer market and guarantee
desired sales performance, Okpara (1999).
At this juncture, this study believe that for the aims in effective advertising to be achieve, internet services that are
affordable, reliable and accurate should be built to secure the patronage of existing customer and wining potential
ones. This is because adequate internet installations are perequisite to adverter/marketers satisfying their customer
especially when time, place and products are considered. In specific term, internet on effective on advertising is a
working tool without which of objectives may not be achieve especially in quality services delivery for a better
customer attitude on purchase.
1.1 Statement of theProblem
Nigeria is a growing economy. With over 140 million people, coupled with the low level of infrastructure like roads
and rails, there is great need for the adoptions of a faster and more reliable means of exchange in order to drive
commerce.
Despite the numerous advantages in internet advertising and on line sales over other forms commerce, many
Nigerians are yet to adopt this technology in their daily buying and selling activities.
A number of factors have been given for this, which include lack of proper record keeping on customer perception
and attitude which impedes the determination of the true position of activities of anytime in any place, absence of
periodic review of communication system policies and programmes with a view of taking appropriate purchase
decision.
Inadequate and inexperience staff (personnel) to use communication system in data processing for effective internet
advertising and online sales.
Unavailability of timely and perfect internet information to the end users (cutstomers of goods and services)
High cost of providing information scientifically through internet adverts to all the end user (reaching customers
in local areas who are illiterates).
Non-Conformity by organization to internet and technologies guidelines by regulatory authorities.
Imperfect knowledge (entry and exit) about market situations concerning internet facilties and exact information
on customers behaviour on e-commerce.
Unavailability of an uninterruptible power supply for effective internet advertising and on line sales.
1.2 Objectives of the Study
The internet has emerged as arguably the most visible component of the dynamic developments of information and
communication technologies (ICTs). The rate of adoption of the internet exceeds that of all technologies before it.
Its uses range from communication and publishing to research. It has impact albeit differentially, every sector from
manufacturing and services to commerce Nigeria as a growing required fast and efficient means of exchange to
support the commerce within her vast population.
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The main objective of this study is to ascertain the nature of Nigeria customer’s attitude towards internet advertising
and on line sales. Specific objectives are:
To identify the factors that affects the adoption of the internet as a means of doing business in Nigeria.
To examine the effect of internet advertising on sales volume in Nigeria
To investigate whether imperfect knowledge (entry and exit) about market situations concerning internet
facilities and exact information on customers behaviour affect e-commerce.
1.3 Operational Definitions
Certain concepts and variables used in the study need be defined for clarity and comprehension. However, those not
defined under this chapter will be treated in the course of the study terms for definition includes.
Effectiveness: This involves doing those things necessary to accomplish organizational objectives
Efficiency: It concerned with doing right job in the right way at the right time.
Proficiency: Expertise delivery of services to customers. It could be described as knowledge, skills and behaviour
needed for effective performance.
Marketing: The integration of all the customers’ related activities within outside an organization aimed at satisfying
customers wants.
Information Technology; This is concerned with processing data and related resources into a productive
information and use.
Performance: Manner and success in the execution of a work a measure based on the expected result and standards.
Internet and the World Wide Web: The internet is a global communication based on computer network.
2.0 Historic Development of Internet Advertising
Internet marketing has grown quickly since its inception. The e-commerce website, viewed as a marketing toy in
the early days of the Internet, became an integrated part of the overall business plan and in some cases grow to a
bigger business than the existing offline business. According to one report, the total sales amount generated through
affiliate networks in 2006 was $2.16 billion in the United Kingdom alone. The estimates were $1.35 billion in sales
in 2005. Affiliate Marketing Networks Buyer’s Guide (2006) Marketing Sherpa’s research team estimated that, in
2006, affiliates worldwide earned US$6.5billion in bounty and commissions from a variety of sources in retail,
personal finance, gaming and gambling, travel, telecom, education, publishing and forms of lead generation other
than contextual advertising programs. Anne Holand, (2006).
Currently the most active sectors for affiliate marketing are the adult, gambling, and retail industries. Internet
Statistics Compendium 2007, the three sectors expected to experience the greatest growth are the mobile phone,
finance, and travel sectors. Internet Statistics Compendium 2007, Soon after these sectors came the entertainment
(particularly gaming) and Internet-related services (particularly broadband) sectors. Also several of the affiliate
solution providers expect to see increased interest from business to business marketers and advertisers in using
affiliate marketing as part of their mix. Internet Statistics Compendium 2007.
2.1 Internet Marketing
According to Wikipedia, Internet can be referred to as online marketing, Internet advertising e-Marketing (or e-
Marketing). Thus, it is the marketing of products or services on the Internet. When it applies to be subset of website
based ad placement it is commonly referred to as Web advertising (Web advertising), and/or Web Marketing. The
internet has brought many unique benefits to marketing including low cost in distributing information and media to a
global audience. The interactive nature of internet marketing, both in terms of instant response an in eliciting
response, are unique qualities of the medium. Internet marketing ties together creative and technical aspects of the
internet, including design, development, advertising and sales. Internet marketing methods and strategies encompass
a wide range of services such as search optimization (SEM) and pay per click (PPC), display advertising, text-based
advertising, behavioural marketing, software-based ads, e-mail marketing, newsletter marketing, customer
Relationship Management Marketing afflict marketing, web press releases, interactive advertising, online reputation
management (ORM), online marketing research and also Social Media Marketing Methods such as blog marketing,
multivariate testing or optimization and viral marketing.
Internet marketing is the process of promoting an organization using online media, typically with the goals of
increasing sales and boosting profits. Internet marketing does not simply mean building or promoting a website nor
does it mean simply mean building or promoting a website nor does it mean simply putting a banner ad up on
another website. Effective internet marketing requires a comprehensives strategy that synergizes a given company’
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business model and sales goes with their website function & appearance, focusing on their target market through
proper choice of advertising type, media and design.
2.1.1 Internet Marketing Strategies
The first approach to developing Internet Marketing Strategies is to “Brand” your product or services online. In the
article “How to Reality Marketing on the internet” published by ‘Business innovator Group Resource (BIRG)
Magazine’ (2002), branding of products/services online starts with registering a domain name even if you are not
ready to use the domain name immediately. By this you have reserved your name in the registry of all domain names
on the internet.
Names ending with biz, .com, .info, .name, .net, or .org can be registered through many different competing
registrars for a one off token fee. In addition, many portals, search engines, and on line Directories offer services for
domain name registration. The registrars submit the contact information to a central directory, or registry, which
provides other computers on the internet with the information necessary to send you e-mail or to find your Website.
Wilson (2006) in his article “Web Marketing Today” identified a number of strategies that can be employed to
increase traffic to your E-commerce site. He categorized the strategies in the following sub-headings.
Search Engine Strategy
Linking Strategy
Traditional Strategy
E-Mail Strategy
Miscellaneous Strategy
Paid Advert Strategy.
2.1.2 Search Engine Strategies
The most important and inexpensive strategy is to rank high fro and preferred words on the main search engines in
“organic” or “natural” searches (as opposed to paid ads). Search engines send robot “spiders” to index the content on
your webpage. To accomplish his need to ensure that the webpage is fine tuned with the following properties.
2.1.3 The Internet and Web Based Market
Web-based Advertisement (Online Advertisement) on the worldwide Web Companies design their websites and web
pages and put their advertising contents there so that such advertisement can be read and appreciate by the visitors to
the websites. This type of advertisement is very much “real time advertising” as those browsing through the internet
has the opportunity of seeing large number of websites with varying “real time advertising” as those borrowing
through the internet have the advertorial contents. Due to the interactive nature of the internet “real time advertising”
is possible as long as that customer visit the website. Another attraction of web-based adverts is that the customers
who make enquires get immediate responses to their enquires (Gbede; 2000)
2.1.4 Internet and air Travel Agencies
Air travel agencies perform several functions ranging from ticket sales to reservation and confirmation of seats, visa
collection services as well as package tour. Most of these services can be packaged and sold better on the internet
especially through interactive websites. Air tickets can be bought on line directly by customers thus enabling the
airlines to avoid paying the travel agents the discount on the tickets sold online.
2.1.5 Web Based Counseling
The internet has become an indispensable tood to consultants. Apart from being able to downloaded data and
research results from the internet, consultants can derived immense web advantages that can fasten the task of
seeking for and finding the right caliber of staff by carrying out data mining on information accessed from other
websites. In the same vein, the consultant can establish an executive search websites which can be visited by
prospective employees which will be able to post their CVs to such websites.
2.1.6 Means of Protecting Network
Several methods can be used to protect one’s network. According to Gbede, (2000) these protective methods
include:
2.1.7 Use of Password
A password is a group of characters supplied by a computer user to gain access to the computer system or to gain to
certain files or certain levels of operations of files kept on the computer system. It is a character set that required to
be supplied to the computer by being keyed in before the computer will allow access to its files.
2.1.8 Use of Fire walls
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A firewall is a hardware/software barrier that checks the information passing between network and a public network
(that is the internet). Firewals are usually in form of special computers that prevent crackers from gaining access to
private networks.
2.1.9 Use of Monitoring
Other methods of protecting private network from cyber attackers include the use of monitoring. These monitoring
programs will warn the user of any Trojan virus or worm inside the computer program. Similar to this another,
“Sentinel software” referred to as “integrity checkers” that warns the user of any change in the computer file’s
integrity or files structure.
2.1.9.1 Scanner Program
Scanner program is a protective program that scans new programs or files to be installed or copied into the computer
(for viruses, worm, etc) before such programs/files are installed/copied.
Where the scanner program can clear the virus either from the input device or from the hard drive and repair the
devices, such scanner programm are reffered to as “vaccine programs” or anti-virus programs.
Another means of protecting one’s network involves the creation of extranets (that is secured internet links with
one’s suppliers for the exchange of vital and highly sensitive information) as unscrupulous people can tamper with
company’s communication links with one’s supplier altering other details and disrupting information flow.
The extranet can also be protected through the use of smart cards issued to bonafide business partner to access the
website. These cards would have been programmed with a code, which can be recognized and verified by the
computer, such that only bonafide business partners are allowed access.
Another protection techniques for extranets, that is, secured networks, include biometric security procedures like
electronic finger-printing, retina scanning, voice recognition, neural network identification (by using the nervous
pattern on the human face), DNA finger printing etc.
2.2 ADVERTISING
Advertising is the most conspicuous of all marketing activities. According to American Marketing Associating
1960, Marketing is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services by
identified sponsor. In order words, advertising may no necessarily involve marketer or the representative appearing
to take delivery of sales or services.
Contributing, Wright et al (1979:)9) argued that advertising is controlled, identifiable information and presentation
by means of mass communication media. The key distinguishing features of advertising as opposed to other
promotional tools (as personal selling, sales promotion and publicity, could be found in its definitions. (i) Unlike
publicity, advertising is paid for. The medium (Television, Radio, Newspaper etc) through which the advertisement
is transmitted or in which it is published is paid for (ii) Advertising, unlike the use of salesman, is non-personal in
the case that it objective of an advertisement is usually on idea, goods or services although it is also possible to
advertise events (as trade fairs, Christian crusade meetings and obituaries and organizations like companies’
churches, clubs and political parties). (iv) The contents, timing and direction of an advertisement message controlled
by the advertiser. (v) The channel used for transmission of the advertisement message is a mass medium, which
could reach many people simultaneously.
2.2.1 Uses of Advertising
The general goals of advertisement are to inform, educate and to persuade. An advertisement may seek to inform
buyers of where thy can buy the product or the price at which it is sold. It may be aimed at educating buyers on how
to use the product safely and economically. Moreso, its primary concern may be to convice orpersuade the audience
to think favourable about the company or to buy its products.
Depending on the primary aim of the advertisement; they could classified into “informative advertising’ ‘persuasive
advertisement’ or competitive advertising’ but most advertisement often seek to achieve all these goals at the same
time.
According to Holtje (1978:9) firms mount specific advertisements for different specific reasons depending on the
task at hand but some of these specific uses of advertisements are;
i. Informing the potential customers about news product being introduced into the market.
ii. To inform of the price of the product
iii. To let the customers be aware of where the product can be obtained
iv Advertisement is used to draw attention of customers to benefit of the product, particularly its hidden
qualities as per second billings and coverage.
v. To as well counter the advertisement of competitors in the same industry
vi. To correct wrong or negative impressions or rumors about the company or its products or simply foster
goodwill.
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vii. Assist middle men to sell their products as well as support the efforts of salesmen by helping them to pre-
inform prospects
viii. It is used to draw attention to changes in product features in order to stimulate customers to buy or try the
products.
ix. Advertisement is used to reassure customers of the product that they are buying
2.2.2 Types of Advertising
Advertising can be classified on different bases. The most common typologies are on basis of media, sponsor,
geography audience and the stage in the product life cycle in which the advertising is being done. But, Colley
(1961:14) is of the view that classification may be on the basis of what is being advertised and the kind of demand
the advertisement is intended to stimulate or create; these classifications can be summaries as follow.
2.2.3 Classification by Media
The advertising medium is the route through which an advertisement is channeled; therefore we can identify two
important media, these are print and electronic advertising.
Printing Advertising
It is the advertisement that relies on the printed words and it is further subdividued into ‘Newspaper Advertising’ in
which important or major daily magazine/journal advertising (in which weekly magazine or monthly journals are
used to advertise products) examples are Tell, News watch, and evasion including the Nigeria Trade Journal.
Outdoor advertising is an important firm of print advertising through which sign boards, posters and billboards are
mounted along major roads to display a particular product or services.
2.2.4 Electronic Advertising
Advertising could also be channeled through the use of electronic media such as the radio, television, home video
and cinema. These different forms of electronic advertising are referred to as radio advertising, television advertising
and cinema advertising respectively.
2.2.5 Classification by Sponsor
Manufacturer producers advertising are those advertisement sponsored by manufacturers or producers of a product
these are common with manufactures and producers of household items as Lever Brother (unilever), Paterson
Zochlis (PZ). There exist also ‘middlemen advertising’ which is the advertisement sponsored by the marketing
intermediaries. They are two types of it, ‘wholesaler’ and ‘retailer advertising’ this kind of advertisement is
prominent among car dealers (as Coscharist, Larne Shittu etc. as well ad supermarkets, other wholesale and retail
outlets).
‘Cooperative’ advertisement is a situation in which advertisement is sponsored by two organizations in the same
business stage or level of production process. Example is Joint Sponsorship of an advertisement by cigarette
producers. However, ‘vertical’ cooperative advertising involves joint sponsorship of an advertising campaign by
firms at different levels of the production cycle. Example is when a producer and middlemen jointly sponsor a
campaign.
.2.2.6 Classification by Gegographical Coverage:
Advertisement Campaigns Are usually aimed at focusing particular Audience or Customers. This May Prompt an
Advertisement Covering. Wider or Limited Geographical Area. This type of has two major areas; Local and
National Advertising. Local Advertising is a geographically Localized Advertisement By a local newspaper or radio
station. The local advertisement is paid for by a local merchant rather than by a national advertisement is paid for by
a local merchant rather than by a national advertisement is paid for by a local merchant rather than by a national
advertiser as Holtje (1978:9) put it. Similarly National Advertising are the adverts that are placed in a national
medium such (NTA) Nigeria Television Authority network programme such as ‘New’ or in a national newspapers
such as Dialy Sum, Punch and The Guardian. Holtje (1978:7) also refers to the term national advertising as
advertising done by local retailers to build sales directly.
2.2.7 Classification by Intended Audience
Advertising is often aimed at different target audience depending on the product and primary purpose for which it is
being used. Asker and Myera (1975:89) deduced that consumer advertising is aimed at individuals and households
who uy for domestic non-business uses. But ‘Industrial Advertising’ has a its target audience those who buy for
resale or for the production of goods and services for sale. However, ‘trade and professional’ advertising are those
advertising aimed at those who buy for resale and those who do not use product themselves but recommend them for
use by others. Example is medical practitioners that recommend drugs for patient.
2.2.8 Classification by State in Production Life Cycle
According to Lavidge and Steiner (1961:40) a product passes through many stages during its life span. When a new
product is being introduced for the first time into the market, it is through the ‘pioneering advertising’ pioneering
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advertising is used to herald a new product into market, to introduce it to potential users and demonstrate it
usefulness.
As competitions develops, each company strives to demonstrate the competiveness superiority of its products over
others. As this stage of the product life cycle, there is competitive advertising ‘competitive advertising’ provides
mean for fighting competition and for improving the company’s market share. The main objective here is to
demonstrate the products strengths and its superiority over others.
At the maturity stage, of the life cycle of the product, the basis purpose of advertising is to regain the company’s
current customers’ this is usually the period of retentive advertising. ‘Retentive advertising’ is used in achieving for
regaining customers patronage.
2.3 Advertising Campaign Process
An advertising campaign according to Lavidge and Steiner (1961:51) is a series of advertisement designed to
achieve a specific set of advertising goals during a specific period of time. Iroha (1983:9) explained campaign
planning process as follows; (i) situation and market analysis, (ii) formulation of advertising objectives, (iii)
determination of the advertising budge, (iv) advertising media selection and scheduling, (v) campaign
implementation and evaluation.
Situation and marketing analysis is the starting point in planning an advertising campaign in order to thoroughly
understand the company’s current position. The situation analysis is concerned with the company’s current
marketing problems, the strengths and weakness of its product. It also concerns the company’s resources particularly
those at the disposal of marketing unit. Situation analysis deals with the recent sales trends in order to have an
insight into the company market problems that will in turn help to determine how much advertising will be needed
as well as the focus of the advertisement.
Pride and Ferrel (1980:17) deduced that marketing analysis is very important in taking decision because it helps to
have a better focus in identifying and profiling the target market by assessing the market standing of the company’s
product and those competitors. This is done in order to understand the buying motives and habits of present and
potential customers. A profile of the target market will indicate its size and composition in terms of the demographic
and socio-economic characteristics of the members. It will as well analyses the market in terms of the psychological
and lifestyle characteristics and geographical location consumers. It will emphasis the current usage patterns and the
brand awareness, preferences and loyalty amongst current user.
The information needed for the situation and market analysis according to Kotler (1980:11) could come from the
internal records of the company or from secondary or outside source (such as trade journals, and government
publications). The market analysis involves some primary research such as quantitative and qualitative study of the
market. The quantitative study deals with marketing data such as market. The quantitative study deals with
marketing data such as market size, sales trends, market share and a breakdown of sales by territories and consumer
types. The qualitative aspects involve motivational studies regarding the benefits sought by users. The main purpose
of the situation and market analysis is to generate information on decision about the proposed campaign will be
rooted.
2.3.1 Formulation Advertising Objects
Cundiff and Still (1971:50) deduced that based on the company’s corporate marketing and promotional objectives
and the understanding gained from the situation and market analysis, the company’s advertising campaign goals or
objectives could be determined. Accordingly such objectives will help t direct the company’s advertising efforts and
to measures the effectiveness of the advertising campaign. Since the ultimate goal of most advertising campaign is
to increase sales. Thus, advertising objectives should be specified in terms of intended sales effects.
2.4 Nigerian Internet User Survey
Internet utilization is at it’s infancy in Nigeria despite the fat that progress have been recorded in the industry.
Infrastructure has remained the bane of not having internet accessible and widespread. This is one of the many
challenges that have made internet vendors operate at high costs when providing internet access.
Currently, the Nigerian welcomes the usage of internet. This is hinged on the fact that the population of users grew
from 1.61million, in 2003 to 1.77million at the end of 2004. Projections show a little over 2.2million users by the
end of 2007. As impressive as the figures suggest, the country’s internet user population of about 1.8million and a
penetration rate of 1.4% showcase a very low margin in a country with over 10million people. This penetration rate
is lower than Africa’s penetration rate of 1.5% and is not anywhere neat what obtains globally. Information remains
the driving force behind the utilization of the internet in the country. The age groups of (18-24) years ranks highest
when compared with other age groups. The sole reason for this development is the personal needs of users. Cyber
cafes have turned out to become good access points for users to utilized. This has encouraged the growth of having
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access points outside the home and work place, while clearly showing that the demand for internet is high. Future
developments in this area points to the fact that accessing the internet will not be exclusively reserved by personal
computers but may be adopted on multimedia
mobile phones and laptops. This would make the internet access completely ubiquitous in nature. Furthermore, it is
characterized by preferred access points, which have seen the VSAT in the lead, educational. Level of users, and
income patterns.
A compelling factor that is driven by the choices consumers make is determine by the speak of the connection.
Though bandwidth speeds may vary and slow down to frustrating levels, it raises questions about faster and cheaper
means of accessing the internet. It would most likely be underlined by the quality of service offered.
The daily use of the internet has become a patter that is on the rise. The study gives a fresh insight to this
understanding because over 20 percent of internet users access the net daily.
Also, the average time spent by users is about an hour. Though internet subscription prices are high, there are
opportunities for other internet and online activities to be exploited. These opportunities are beginning to shift for
various purposes. The challenge is to foster new dynamic ways of delivering access to a vast population and
equipping them with the right tools of meaningfully engaging and exploit potentials of the internet. This will no
doubt enhance the Nigerian economy when various models of online transactions are deployed.
2.5 Determination the Advertising Budget
Once the advertising objectives are defined, the advertising budget is next to be decided upon. A budget is a
financial plan this specifies activities to be performed and the amouts to be expand on each. Thus, advertising budge
is concerned with the determination of the total amount to be devoted to advertising, such advertising result could be
ineffective. This is because advertisings often have to be repeated many times and in many media to achieve a
measure of success.
On the other hand, if too much money is devoted to advertising it could encourage wasteful advertising expenditure,
which may be out of tune in realizing the objective situation facing the company. The advertising budge is important
according to Druker (1937:62) because funds are generally scarce and must be allocated judiciously and fairly. But
Marcus (1975:306) deducted that apart from scarcity of funds is the striking of a balance between scarcity of fund
and the needs ensure adequate allocation to advertising should be pursuit. This is for the diverse interests involved,
thus, advertising budge decision elicits some amount of politicking and lobbying. It is also important because budget
planning could make the different between the success and failure of the company and its productions. Too little
advertising could cause the company’s market share to shrink. The important question of how much should be voted
for advertising is solve theoretically by Wright et al (1977:99) argument that firm should continue to increase its
advertising expenditure so long as the last unit of advertising expenditure brings in benefits, which are in excess of
the expenditure.
However, the marginal analysis approach of advertising budge is unrealistic.
In practice, the methods often used in budget determination according to Agbonifoh et al (1999:397) are:
Affordable Method
This involves devoting the entire amount, the company can afford to advertising. This depends on the company’s
resources, cash flow expectation and its commitments.
The fixed Percentage-Of-Sales Method
It deals with how a company decides in advance what percentage of sales would be spending on advertising.
The objective and Task Method
It’s a method in which advertising budget are related to the objectives of the advertising campaigning and the
advertising tasks to be performed. This method starts with specification of the advertising objectives for the plan
period and next (in specific tasks)
The Competitor’s Expenditure Method
This is a method in which the company takes a cue from its competitor’s expenditure on advertising. Here three
important options are open to the firm. First the leader of the company may choose to out spend competitor, two
alternatives to this is to match competitors expenditure to about the same amount as competitors are spending on
advertising. This is referred to as competitive parity method: Third, it is also possible for a firm to choose to spend
less than competitors in recognition of its unique qualities such its superior personal selling programme or it is
inferior financial position.
Similarly, Boome and Kurtz (1980:138) outlined some factors to be considered in determining advertising budge.
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The relative importance of advertising as opposed to other promotional elements in promoting the sales of the
product and more important the role of advertising. The more the advertising outlay will tend to be the more
budge allocation to it.
The stage of the product in its life cycles, e.g a product at the introductory stage is likely to demand grater
advertising efforts and cost than that at the growth or maturity stage.
The nature of the product, e.g a product with hidden qualities will most probably require a heavier advertising
budget
The degree of competition will require higher advertising expenditure.
The advertising policies, budget and practices in the industry, (for instance; telephone service provider is
reputed for intensive advertising determines budgeting cost.
The resources available to the firm to plan their advertising budget determine its success or failure
The company’s advertising history, determines budget allotment e.g. a company that is used to high expenditure
on advertising may be reluctant to cut down very much on advertising for four of loose of prestige reasons.
The advertising objectives and tasks ahead play important role for fixing budget.
2.6 Testing the Advertisement
Falomo (1983:18) advice that before a company finally mounts the campaign, it is necessary to test the
advertisement. The purpose of the test is to identify areas that need to be improved upon. The test can take different
forms; it may be shown to a sample of consumers in laboratory situation. The consumers are then required to
comment on various aspects of the advertisement. Such comment and suggestions could then indicate the weakness
of the advertisement. Alternatively, the advertisement may run in a test market, which is considered representative
of the target audience. People who saw it could then be asked their opinions about the different aspects their believer
of the appeals, the impact made by the illustration and the effect on their approach. The comment are usually very
useful. Although advertisement testing is costly but it is valuable since it help to detect and identify avoidable
errors, which could ruin the entire exercise.
2.7 Impact of the Advertising on Telecommunication Industry
According to Kotler (1980:46) advertising is a strategy whereby potential customer is persuaded by convincing that
a product or service is capable of satisfying the immediate and future wants. In so doing awareness is created and
knowledge acquired through information on the features of a product or service.
More so, advertising improve the brand value of a product or service and creates favourable attitude on customer’s
choice, taste and habit. However, the ffectivness of advertising is predicated upon message content medium use,
product or service perception and policies or regulatory controls of government and her agencies.
It need be emphasized here that the effect of advertising telecommunication industry varies from one firm to
another. However, a general opinion is that advertising stimulates sales and purchases.
Advertising has a considerable level improved product or service quality delivery in the telecommunication. It has
improved the rate of competitive of all firms in the telecommunication industry. Following from this, could be
inferred that advertising provides and protect firms in the telecommunication industry to operate within the
confinement of laws. Advertising provides firms with data necessary in considering cost benefit relationship of any
activity (potential and existing) they might engage in advertising invariable serves as a measuring tool for firm and
product acceptance telecommunication industry.
On the country, a wrongly coded advertising message to consumer of products or services in the telecommunication
industry could be a set back to maximizing profits or breakeven. In addition advertising of some services in the
telecommunication industry have been accepting low valued services for their scarce resources.
2.8 Consumer Behaviour
Today’s business firms must understand group characteristics are they affect consumer behavior. Very few
manufacturer have the resources to sell to whole nation like Nigeria. The market is simply too vast for one firm.
Even if the firm has the resource, everyone cannot simply desire its products(s). it is advisable and more profitable
for a firm to specialize – to appeal to one group or at most a few groups. This is only possible if the firms know the
categories of buyers, what interest them and how they can be influenced to buy. These will naturally enable firms to
segment the markets.
Consumer behavior studies arm markets with such facts as the basic needs, the psychological needs, motivation,
perception, attitudes, personality, learning among others. Many psychologists have examined needs from different
dimension. But the most popular is Maslow’s Hierrachy of needs. Maslow’s need hierarchy is the order in which
human needs arise. He believed that when one need is at leas partially satisfied, the need at the next highest level
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arises. The needs can be classsifed into primary (needs which are fundamental to human existence) and secondary
(needs that can be avoided)
a. Primary needs includes
I, The psychotically (hunger, thirst, sleep)
ii. The safety needs (security, order and stability)
iii. Secondary needs includes
iv. The belongingness and love needs (affection and identification.)
v. The esteem needs (prestige, success and self respect)
vi. The needs for self-actualization
Maslow (1954:101) explains that the need hierarchy is not rigid as may be implied by previous discussion. He
recognizes the fact that while most people feels the needs is about the order indicated; there may be exception in
individual cases. This discussion will now be illustrated with the diagram below.
CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND SEGMENTATION
YES
WANT Effective
Self NO Demand
Wishes or
Actualization Desires
Ego Needs
Social and Safety Needs
Psychological Needs
Onah J.O. and Thomas M.J. (1993) Marketing Management Nnowulu – Obosi Pacific Publishers,
The implication of the diagram above is that needs an be converted into wants and needs into effective demand by
the marketer.
Lavidge and Steiner (1961:88) developed one model that identifies the following stages through which advertising
seeks to move the audience.
Awareness of the existence of the product
Liking for the product
Preference for the product
Conviction to act or purpose the product
Actual purchase of the product
But on his part, Strang (1925:9) developed similar model, which forms the bass for the model, and advertising
objective of probably moving prospects from one stage of the process to another, examples of such
telecommunication effects that advertising objectives could be
To ensure that the percentage of target audience that is aware of the existence of the product rises.
To increase the percentage of these who know the distinct feature of the product to rise from lower percentage
of higher percentage in the new few months
To raise the percentage of the target audience who prefer onebrand to others from few percent within one year.
To increase the percentage of these who know the distinct features of the product to rise from lower percentage
to higher percentage in next few months.
To raise the percentage of the target audience who prefer one brand to others from few percent to a higher
percentage with one year.
In Klipnner (1973:10) ways or mode, the basis for setting advertising objectives apart from sales and
telecommunication is to affects specific behavior, which the adverse seeks to influence for instance, to stimulate trial
purchase from non-user to attract competitors’ customer to retain existing customer to reate brand loyalty amongst
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customers and to increase the usage of the produce among current customers. These advertising objectives are fully
stated below:
Measurability
The concerns efforts to ensuring that the extent to which objectives have been achieve and be ascertained at some
future date.
Target Audience
It consisting identifying the target audience that promotes the focusing advertising efforts.
Time Dimension
The time dimension indicates the period within which the specific goals are to be accomplished.
2.9 Corporate Profile of MTN
MTN, one of Nigeria’s leading telecommunication companies has reaffirmed its commitment to playing a role in
driving socio-economic growth and development in Nigeria.
The key objectives; when MTN launched their operation in 2001 was to use, telecommunications as a platform to
unleash Nigeria’s strong potential for development’
‘In providing telecommunications services to over 25million active subscribers’ he said ‘ the MTN operation has
registered an impact that clearly underscores the wide-ranging economic multiplier nature of investment in
telecommunications. The multidimensional impact of our over $5billion investment in our network rollout includes
job creation and the empowerment of thousands of small and medium business’
In addition to over 5000 base stations; MTN have put in place a 5,411 kilometer fiber optic transmission backbone,
which is the longest private infrastructure of its kind in Africa. The fibre optics ‘super highway’ is the catalyst for an
ICT revolution which will impact the whole of sub-Saharan Africa’
In recognition of customer demand; in the busiest commercial hubs of the country. MTN is also erecting
metropolitan ‘self healing’ fibre rings across major cities like Lagos, Abuja, Port Harcourt, Kano and Ibadan. The
effect of the metropolitan network would be dramatic improvement in the quality of service and increase robustness
of the network in those areas.
Quality of service; In 2008 the company achieved an average monthly build rate of 120 base stations, a feat that has
remained unsurpassed in Nigeria and indeed the rest of Africa. ‘MTN will continuously redouble their efforts to
ensure that the growing needs of our country, for quality voice and data services are met in a most satisfactory
manner’
The company plans to invest over N180 billion on its network rollout in 2009. In 2008m it invest approximately
N137 billion representing more than 30% of the CAPEX budget allocation for the entire MTN Group which has a
footprint 21 countries in Africa and the Middle East.
The company would continue to make the necessary invest in telecommunications infrastructure as well as in all
levels of government through the payment of tax. The importance that the company attaches to timely payment of its
taxes in order to discharge is own civic responsibilities and to ensure that government receives the necessary
resources to meet their own statutory obligations for the common god.
MTN paid approximately N151Billion in VAT and other levies to various agencies of Government during the period
of its pioneer status from 2001-6
3.0 ResearchMethodology
3.1 Area of Study
The research is on the attitude of consumer on internet advertising and online sales. It will cover organization like
MTN and charged with the assessing of the costs/benefits relationship of information technology (internet on staff,
customers and other stakeholders in the organization. It has staff strength of about 1,000.
3.2 Data and Method of Collection
Primary Data will be those that are collected through interviews or experimentation observation, and questionnaire.
Most data in this study to be used for analysis will be sorted primarily. It need be need here that the primary sources
of data will be most crucial and relevant source of data specifically, the data regenerated to gain an overview of the
research topic and to prove as much as possible, the authenticity and reliability at the study.
Secondary Source of Data on the other hand are previously published materials, which will be related to the subject
matter. This will consists of seminars/workshop papers; unpublished work of postgraduates students and related
discipline.
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3.3 Research Design
For the purpose of this study, the descriptive approach consisting of survey will be employed. According to Asika
(2006:106), this approach is very necessary as the researcher will use it for an indebt study about the subject matter.
3.4 Population of the Study
Population is made up of all conceivable elements, subject or observation relating to a particular phenomenon of
interest to the study. The population of this study will comprise of individuals and organization. Selected consumers
of internet advertised products an services in Lagos metropolis and selected staff of MTN will be involved.
3.5 Sampling Techniques and Sample Size
The sampling procedure will be stratified into the following categories or strata; illiterates, customers of MTN the
staff will participate. Quotes for each stratum will be planned according to the size of the group in the total
population. Significant characteristics of the total population will be represented adequately in the different strata of
the sample population; it is obvious that not all the respondents will give answers to questionnaire. Pilot programme
will be used to determine the willingness of the respondents to participate in this study. The effect will be (4) out of
every (5) person were willing to respond to the questionnaire. The percentage of workers willing to participate is 4/5
x 100/1 = 80%, while 20% declined. The formula as given by Godwin (1980:230) will be used in determining the
sample size at 5% confidence level this is given as;
Ns = Z2 X P X Q
E2
Where Z = Constant value (1.046)2 x 0.80 x 0.20
(0.05)2
= 0.17505856
0.0025
= 70
The researcher personally administered and collected back the questionnaire from the respondents. Bias was reduced
to the barest minimum.
3.6 Instrumentation
The administration of the questionnaire will be through personal contact with the respondents. The major instrument
to be use in this study for data collected is the questionnaire. It is also a basis of option assessment. The usage is for
easy extraction of information from respondents. Questions that will be contained there in will be intended to find
answers to important problems raised in chapter one. The questionnaires will be in two section: A and B. Section A
consist of personal data of the respondents. However, Section B will be on the details of the data collection from the
field covering the theme of this study.
The questionnaire will be made up of mainly multiple-choice questions. In the multiple-choice questions, the
respondents will have specific alternative from which to choose. The researcher intends to isit the respondents for
interview. However, it is expected that not all the questionnaire distributed will be responded to an returned.
Appendices I and II will be copies of the questionnaire to be used in this study.
4.0 Data Presentation and Analysis
The hypotheses will be analyzed with the help of chi-square (x2) is a significant test, which makes use of data in
the form of observation frequencies or co-units.
Demographic Features of Respondents
Table 4.1 Sex Distribution of Respondents
Table 4.1 above shows that 45(64.29%) of the respondents are males while 45(64.29%) of the respondents are males
while 25(35.71%) of the respondents are males while 25(35.71% are females.
Table 4.2 show that a greater population of the respondents 30(42.86%) and 20(28.57% of the age of 31-40 yrs and
21-30yrs respectively. These are the most active people in any population and usually among the first to adopt new
technologies. They represent the students and young professionals. However the remaining respondents 15(21.43%)
and 5 (7.15%) were of age 41-50yrs and above 50yrs respectively
Sources: Field survey, 2010
Table4.3:shows marital status
Table 4.3 show that a greater number of the respondents 36(51.43%) and 24 (34.29% were single and married
respectively. However, 6(8.57%, 3(4.29%) and 1(1.53%) respondents have their marital status as separated,
divorced and widow respectively.
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Table 4.4: Academic Qualification of Respondents
Source: Field Survey 2010.
Table 4.4 reveals that all the respondents are educated with most of them 28 (40.00%) and 23(32.86%) having
academic qualifications as OND/NCE and HND/First Degree respectively others have postgraduate degrees
10(14..27%) and professional certificate 9(12.86%)
Table 4.5 Working Experience of Respondents
Source: Field Survey 2010.
Table 4.5 above shows that majority of respondents 28(40.00%), 19(27.14%) and 10(14.29%) were form
information Technology, Marketing and Accounts departments of the organization of study (MTN Nigerian).
However 8(11.43%) were from other departments than I.T. Marketing and Accounts, while 5(7.14%) respondents
were from Human resource department of MTN Nigeria.
Table 4.6Managerial Levels of Respondents
Source field survey 2010
According to table 4.7 above more of the respondents 30(42.86%) were of officers/supervisors class. This is
followed by 25(35.71%) respondents that were of other cadres. Lastly were 15(21.43%) respondents belong to
manager cadre. The various cadres were interdependent for an efficiency in determining consumer attitude towards
internet advertising and online sales in the telecommunication organization especially MTN Nigeria.
Table 4.7 IT/Internet Awareness and Needs of Respondents
Source: Field survey 2010
Analysis of table 4.7 question one shows that majority of the respondents 22(31.43%) and 19(27.14%) strongly
agree and agree respectively that computer literate and accessibility are among the factors influencing.
TOTAL
Nigerian consumers’ attitude towards internet advertising and online sales, while 8(11.43%) as strongly agree and
undecided respectively to the fact that the rapid growth in the acceptance and use of information technology by
Nigerian has made for accurate and reliable buying and selling through the internet.
Question three analysis of the table 4.8 shows that 25(35.71%) as the majority and 6(8.57%) as the minority
respondents strongly agree and were undecided respectively that irregular power supple and inexperienced system
operators are the factors affecting the availability and utilization of internet advertising and online sales.
Analysis of question for table 4.7 shows that 19(27.14%) and 18(25.71% respondents strongly agree and agree
respectively that there are cultural, social or economic factors affecting the adoption of the internet as a means of
commerce in Nigeria, the minority 8(11.43%) strongly disagree ther are cultural, social or economic factors
affecting the adoption of the internet as a means of commerce in Nigeria.
Question five however shows that most of the respondents 21(30.00%) and least of the respondents 9(12.86%)
answers were strongly agree and strongly disagree that public enlightenment programmes and trade transaction on
information technology makes for easy access and understanding of the interne t as an authentic tool for trade.
Sources: Field Survey 2010
Table 4.8 shows the nos of the respondents 44(62.86%) have used internet. However, 26(37.14%) respondents are
internet illiterate.
Question 7 If your answer to question 6 is YES, What is the source of internet to you?
Please tick a. Cyber Café ( b. Home ( ) c. Office ( ) d. Others please
Table 4.9: Internet Use status of Respondents and Sources of Internet.
Source: Field Survey 2010
Table 9shows that 62.86% of the respondents have used the internet at one time or the other. Only 37.14% of the
respondents have never used the internet. This means that majority of respondents have access to internet services.
However, cyber cafes are the major source of internet to most of the respondents as indicated by 45.71%. this if
followed by 21.43% users that account for office use. Home internet use account for about 17.14% and the
remaining 15.7% employ other means for internet use. These other means include the home or offices of other
people or via their cell phones.
Question 8: Have you ever brought any item off the internet?
Table 4.10: Online Shopping Status of Recommendations
Online Shopping Absolute % Regularity Absolute %
YES 20 28.57% One 9 12.86
Rarely 47 67.14
NO 50 71.43 Regularly 14 20.00
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Total 70 100.00 70 100.00
Source: Field Survey 2010
Table 4.10 Confirms that most consumers who use the internet do not engage in online shopping. This is indicated
by 71.43%. However, of the 28.57% who shop online, only 20.00% do so regularly, 12.86% has done so only once,
while the majority does so rarely. This reveals that online shooping is not popular among Nigerian consumers.
Question 9: if your answer to question 8 is YES, how regularly? Please tick
Table 4.11: Regularly of Internet Use by Respondents
Sources: Field survey 2010
Table 4.11 reveals that most of the respondents, 44.29% who have access to the internet, use it rarely. Only about
20.00% use the internet daily and those who use it weekly account for 27.14%. this shows that there is low internet
use among Nigeria Consumers.
Question 10: Please list the most common items you bought off the internet.
Table 4.12 Items bought off the Internet and Origin of Merchants.
Source: Field Survey 2010
Table 4.12 shows that bookings and reservation are the most common shopping activities of online shoppers in
Nigeria, representing 32.86% Books and Tapes account for 22.86% clothing 11.43% and others 12.86%. This
reveals that non-tangible goods enjoy the hgiest online patronage by Nigerian consumer.
Question 11: what is the origin of most of the merchants you visit online
Table 4.13 Origin of Internet Merchant
Source: Field Survey 2010
Table 4.13 reveals the origin of internet merchants patronized by consumers. 40.00% of respondents patronize
foreign merchants while only 25.71% patronize the Nigerian merchants. This shows that most Nigerian online
shoppers prefer foreign merchants to either Nigerian counterpart.
Question 12: what are the major reason you find online shopping attractive? Please tick
Table 4.14 Reasons Respondents engage in online shopping
Source: Field Survey 2010.
Table 4.14 reveals that most consumers consider online shopping convenient 27.14% considers it fast and 27.14%
see online shopping as easy to use. Only 15.71% think it is cheap, 10.00% of respondent consider online shopping
recommendable
Question 13:: Would you recommend online shopping to your friends?
Table 4.15: Online Shopping of Respondents Friends
Source: Field Survey 2010
Table 4.15 shows that 50.00% of the respondents at two different occasions answerd yes and No respectively on
whether they would recommend online shopping to their friends.
Question 14: If your answer to 13 above is No, why?
Table 4.16 Reasons for not Shopping Online By Respondents Friends.
Table 4.16 shows that the major reason respondents friends for not shop online is the fear of internet fraud
representing about 2.1.43%. Another major reason is that some feel they do not have any need to shop online while
20.00% claim they lack skill on internet shopping. Only about 5.71% of respondents are not aware they can shop
online.
Question 15. What is the source of Internet available to you?
Table 4.17: Internet Use status of Respondents and Source of Internet
Source: Field Survey 2010
Table 4.17 shows that 42.86% of the respondents have used the internet at one time or the other for purchases.
57.14% of the respondents have never used the internet as sources of their purchases. This means that majority of
respondents do not make their purchase through internet services. However cybercafés are the major source of
internet to most of the respondents as indicated by 45.71%. This is followed by 21.43% and the remaining 15.71%
employ other means for internet use. These other means include the home or offices of other people or via their cell
phones.
Question 16 if your answer to question 10 above is No. (i.e you have never bought anything off the internet), why?
Please tick
Table 4.18: Reason Respondents Do Not Use the Internet
Source: Field Survey, 2010.
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Table 4.18 reveals that 57.14% of respondents who do not use the interne t cite lack of internet access and irregular
power supply as the most important constraints. They both account for over 55.72%. Irregular power supply alone
account for 22.86% and cost of internet access is represented by 20.00%. No respondent claimed non awareness as
reason for not using the internet. This means there is great awareness on the use of the internet.
Question 17 would you adopt online shopping if the issues in 16 above are addressed?
Answer from 72.10% that if the above problems as specified in table 4.18(i.e question 6) are addressed they will
adopt online shopping. Howeer minority of the respondents 27.90% did not agree of adopting online shoping even
when the listed problems are resolved.
Question 18 How long has your company been doing business in Nigeria? Please tick
Table 4:19 Age Distribution of Compound in Nigeria
Source Field Survey 2010
Table 4.19 reveals that most companies in Nigeria have been doing business for 2 years and above. Those that have
operated between 2 and 5 years account for 34.29% while companies that are below 2 years are in the minority, they
represent 15.71% this further reveals that most of the business in Nigeria are not new.
Question 19: What is the nature of your business?
Table 4.20: Nature of Business that Engage in Online Sales
Source: Field Survey 2010.
Table 4.20 shows that most of the companies that engage in online selling and retailers. They account for 31.43% of
the respondents. Distributors represent 22.86% Logistics/Services providers represent 18.57% while manufacturing
firms account for 17.14%
Question 20: Do you advertise on the internet?
Table 4.21 Internet Advertising Status of Companies in Nigeria
Source: Field Survey, 2010
Table 4.21 shows that majority of companies operating in Nigeria do not advertise on the internet. This is
represented by 70.00% of respondents. This proportion of Nigerian companies that advertise on the web is about
30.00%.
Question 21: to what extent has intent advertising affected growth in your sales volume
Source: Field Survey, 2010
Table 4.22 proves that companies that advertise on the internet or engae in online sales record significant growth in
sales volume. Such companies have between 5-20% growth in sales volume. This shows that internet advertising
and online sales can drive sales volume.
Test of Hypotheses
This section the project concerns testing the hypotheses earlier stated in chapter one.
Hypothesis One
Ho: There is no relationship between unavailability of an uninterruptible power supply
and effective internet advertising/online sales.
Hi: There is relationship between unavailability of an uninterruptible power supply and effective internet
advertising/online sales.
Table 4.23: Contingency Table Showing That There is Relationship Between Unavailability of an
Uninterruptible Power Supply and Effective Internet Advertising/Online Sales
Source: Field Survey 2010
Calculation of expected frequencies (E I)
Formua = (Colum Total)) (Row Total)
Grand Total
Celli EI = 15 X 35 = 7.50
70
Cell2 E2 = 30 X 35 = 15.00
70
Cell3 E3= 25 x 35 = 12.50
70
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Cell4 E4 =15 x 15 = 3.21
70
Cell5 E5 = 30 x 15 = 3.21
70
Cell6E6= 25 x 15 = 5.36
70
Cell7 E7 = 15 x 20 = 4.29
70
Cell8 E8 = 30 x 20 = 8.57
70
Cell9 E9 = 25 x 20 = 7.14
70
Table 4.24 Calculation of X2 For Hypothesis I
Source field survey 2010
Chi-square (X2) = ∑(O-E)2
E
= 24.86
The Critical Value
Degree of freedom (df) in contingency table = (R-1) (C-1)
Where R = Rows and C = Columns = (3-1) (3-1)
= (2) (2)
=4
Assume 5% level of significance at 4 degree of freedom
Chi-Square (X2) result = 9.488
Decision – Since the calculated X2 (Chi-square) values is greater than the table value; the research accepts the
alternative hypothesis by rejecting the null hypothesis.
Conclusion – Based on the above decision, the research concludes that there is relationship between unavailability
of an uninterruptable power supply and effective internet advertising/online sales.
Hypothesis two
Ho: There is no relationship between perfect knowledge (entry and exit) about market situations concerning
internet facilities and exact information on consumer’s behavior on e-commerce.
Hi: There is relationship between perfect knowledge (entry and exit about market situations concerning internet
facilities and exact information on consumers’ behavior on e-commerce.
Table 4.25 Contingency table Showing that There is Relationship Between Perfect Knowledge (Entry and
Exit) About Market Situations Concerning Internet Facilities and Exact Information on Consumers’
Behaviour on E-Commerce.
Source Field survey 2010
Formula = (Column Total) (Row Total)
Grand Total
Celli EI = 15 X 35 = 7.50
70
Cell2 E2 = 30 X 35 = 15.00
70
Cell3 E3= 25 x 35 = 12.50
70
Cell4 E4 =15 x 15 = 3.21
70
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Cell5 E5 = 30 x 15 =6.43
70
Cell6E6= 25 x 15 = 5.36
70
Cell7 E7 = 15 x 20 = 4.29
70
Cell8 E8 = 30 x 20 = 8.57
70
Cell9 E9 = 25 x 20 = 7.14
70
Table 4.26
Source field survey 2010
Chi-square (X2) = ∑(O-E)2
E
= 21.77
Critical Value
Degree of freedom (df) in contingency Table = (R-1) (C-1)
Where R = Rows and C = Columns (3-1) (3-1)
= (2) (2)
=4
Assume 5% level of significance at 4 degree of freedom
Chi-square (X2) RESULT = 9.488
Decision: Since the calculated X2 (chi-square) values is greater than the able value; the research accepts the
alternative hypothesis by rejecting the null hypothesis.
Conclusion – Based on the above decision the research concludes that there is relationship between perfect
knowledge (entry and exit) about market situations concerning internet facilities and exact information on
consumers’ behavior on e-commerce.
Hypothesis Three
Ho: There is no evidence to show that high cost of providing information scientifically through internet advert
affect consumer behavior especially the local communities that are illiterate.
H1: There is evidence to show that high cost of providing information scientifically through the internet adverts
affect consumer behavior especially the local communities that are illiterate.
Table 4.27 Contingence Table Showing That There is Evidence To show that High Cost of providing
Information Scientifically through Inert Adverts Affect Consumer Behaviour Especially the Local
Communities That Are Illiterate.
Source, field survey 2010
Calculated of expected frequencies (Ei)
Formula = (Column Total) (Row Total)
Grand Total
Celli EI = 15 X 35 = 7.50
70
Cell2 E2 = 30 X 35 = 15.00
70
Cell3 E3= 25 x 35 = 12.50
70
Cell4 E4 =15 x 15 = 3.21
70
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Cell5 E5 = 30 x 15 =6.43
70
Cell6E6= 25 x 15 = 5.36
70
Cell7 E7 = 15 x 20 = 4.29
70
Cell8 E8 = 30 x 20 = 8.57
70
Cell9 E9 = 25 x 20 = 7.14
70
Source field survey 2010
Chi-square (X2)=∑(O-E)
E
= 29.91
The Critical Value
Degree of freedom (df) in contingence table = (R-1) (C-1)
Where R = Rows and C = Columns = (3-1) (3-1)
= (2) (2)
4
Assume 5% level of significance at 4 degree of freedom
Chi-square (X2) result = 9.488
Decision – Since the calculated X2 (chi-square) values is greater than the table value; the research accepts the
alternative hypothesis by rejecting the null hypothesis
Conclusion – Based on the above decision, the research concludes that there is evidence to show that high cost of or
providing information scientifically through internet adverts affect consumer behavior especially the local
communities that are illiterate.
5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Summary
Nigerian is a growing economy. With population of over 140million people the potentials for commerce are
enormous. The country is bedeviled with serious challenges in infrastructure such as roads, rails, and efficient
delivery systems. There is therefore great need for the adoption of fast and very reliable means of exchange in order
to drive commerce.
E-commerce has been identified as the most important tool to revolutionalize the Nigerian business environment and
to boost economic activities. Despite the numerous advantages of internet advertising and online sales over other
forms of commerce, many Nigerians are yet to adopt this technology in their daily buying and selling activities.
This study therefore focuses on the disposition of Nigerian consumer towards internet advertising and online sales.
The sources of data were both primary and secondary data. Seventy (70) well structured questionnaires were
administered to individuals ad corporate organizations operating in the study area. Thie chi-square(X2) was used to
analyze the data generated.
The study established that while internet advertising was desirable to most companies operating in the study area, ak
of technical know-how, low level of awareness and preference for traditional advet media are the major constraints
to adopting e-commerce. Consumers on the other hand cite lack of internet access, irregular power supply an cost of
internet access as the limiting factors to adopting online shopping.
However summary of findings through hypotheses are as follows, that;
There is relationship between unavailability of an uninterruptible power supply and effective internet
advertising/online sales.
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There is relationship between perfect knowledge (entry and exit) about market situations concerning internet
facilities and exact information on consumers’ behavior
There is evidence to show that high cost of providing information scientifically through internet adverts affect
consumer behavior especially the local communities that are illiterate.
5.2 Conclusion
Internet advertising and online sales have the capacity to change the face of business in Nigeria. Most companies
and consumers alike are willing to adopt it as a veritable means of doing business in Nigeria. However the problems
of irregular power supply, insufficient trained personnel, low level of awareness and high cost of internet access
need be addressed.
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Demographic Features of Respondents
Table 4.1 Sex Distribution of Respondents
Frequency
Sex Absolute %
Male 45 64.29
Female 25 35.71
Total 70 100.0
Source: Field Survey, 2010
Table 4.1 above shows that 45(64.29%) of the respondents are males while 45(64.29%) of the respondents are males
while 25(35.71%) of the respondents are males while 25(35.71% are females.
Table 4.2 Age Distribution of Respondent
Age Group Frequency
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Absolute %
21-3years 20 28.5.7
31-40 years 30 42.86
41-50 years 15 21.43
Above 50 years 5 7.14
Total 70 100.0
Sources: Field Survey, 2010
Frequency
Marital Status Absolute %
Single 36 51.43
Married 24 34.29
Divorced 3 4.29
Separated 6 8.57
Widow 1 1.53
Total 70 100
Sources: Field survey, 2010
Table 4.4: Academic Qualification of Respondents
Frequency
Educational Level Absolute %
OND/NCE 28 40.00
HND/First Degree 23 32.86
Postgraduate Degree 10 14.27
Professional Cert. 9 12.86
Total 70 100.0
Source: Field Survey 2010.
Table 4.5 Working Experience of Respondents
Frequency
Departments Absolute %
Human resources 5 7.14
Marketing 19 27.14
Accounts 10 14.29
Information Technology 28 40.00
Others 8 11.43
Total 70 100.0
Source: Field Survey 2010.
Table 4.6:Cadres of Respondents
Response variable Frequency Percentage
Managers 15 21.43
Officers/Supervisor 30 42.86
Others 25 35.71
Total 70 100
Source field survey 2010
.
Table 4.7 IT/Internet Awareness and Needs of Respondents
S/N SA A U D SD NO %
TOTAL
1. Computer 22(31.43%) 19(27.14%) 8(11.43%) 10(14.29%) 11(15.17%) 70 100
literate and
accessibility are
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Vol 2, No.3
among the
factors
influencing
Nigerian
consumers’
attitude towards
internet
advertising and
online sales
2. The rapid 24(34.29%) 20(28.57%) -(0.00%) 14(20.00%) 12(17.14%) 70 100
growth in the
acceptance and
use of
information
technology by
Nigerians has
made for
accurate and
reliable buying
and selling
through the
internet
3. Irregular power 25(35.71%) 17(24.29%) 6(8.57%) 11(15.71%) 11(15.71%) 70 100
supple and
inexperienced
system operators
are the factors
affecting the
availability and
utilization of
internet
advertsing and
online sales
4. There are 19(27.14%) 18(25.71%) 12(17.14%) 13(18.57%) 8(11.43%) 70 100
culture, social or
economic factors
affecting the
adoption of the
internet as
means of
commerce in
Nigeria
5. Public 21(30.00%) 17(24.29%) 10(14.29%) 13(18.57%) 9(12.86%) 70 100
enlightenment
programmes and
trade
transactions on
information
technology
makes for easy
access and
understanding of
the internet as an
authentic tool
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for trade
Source: Field survey 2010
Table 4.8:shows number of respondents that have used internet
Responses Frequency Percentage(%)
YES 44 62.86
NO 26 37.14
Total 70 100
Sources: Field Survey 2010
Table 4.9: Internet Use status of Respondents and Sources of Internet.
Absolute % Source Absolute %
YES 44 62.86 Cyber Café 32 45.71
Office 15 21.43
NO 26 37.14 Home 12 17.14
Others 11 15.71
Total 70 100.0 70 100.0
Source: Field Survey 2010
Table 4.10: Online Shopping Status of Recommendations
Online Shopping Absolute % Regularity Absolute %
YES 20 28.57% One 9 12.86
Rarely 47 67.14
NO 50 71.43 Regularly 14 20.00
Total 70 100.00 70 100.00
Source: Field Survey 2010
Table 4.11: Regularly of Internet Use by Respondents
Frequency
Regularity Absolute %
Rarely 31 44.29
Weekly 14 20.00
Yearly 19 27.14
Total 70 100.0
Sources: Field survey 2010
Table 4.12 Items bought off the Internet and Origin of Merchants.
Items Absolute %
Clothing 8 11.43
Books/Tapes 16 22.86
Bookings/Reservations 23 32.86
Subscription/Registration 14 20.00
Others 9 12.86
Total 70 100.0
Source: Field Survey 2010
Table 4.13 Origin of Internet Merchant
Frequency
Origin Absolute %
Nigerian 18 25.71%
Foreign 24 34.29
Both 28 40.00
Total 70 100.0
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Source: Field Survey 2010
Table 4.14 Reasons Respondents engage in online shopping
Reason Absolute %
Saves time 14 20.00
Convenient 19 27.14
Cheap 11 15.71
Easy 19 27.14
Others 7 10.00
Total 70 100.0
Source: Field Survey 2010.
Table 4.15: Online Shopping of Respondents Friends
Online Shopping Absolute %
YES 35 50.00
NO 35 50.00
Total 70 100.0
Source: Field Survey 2010
Table 4.16: Reasons for not Shopping Online By Respondents Friends.
Frequency
Reasons Absolute %
Not aware 4 5.71
No need 13 18.57
Payment mode 9 12.86
Fear of Internet Fraud 15 21.43
Cost 6 8.56
Delivery delays 5 7.14
Lack of technical knowhow 14 20.00
Others 4 5.71
Total 70 100.0
Table 4.17: Internet Use status of Respondents and Source of Internet
Absolute % Source Absolute %
YES 30 42.86 Cyber café 32 45.71
Office 15 21.43
NO 40 57.14 Home 12 17.14
Others 11 15.71
Total 70 100.0 70 100.0
Source: Field Survey 2010
Table 4.18: Reason Respondents Do Not Use the Internet
Frequency
Reasons Absolute %
Lack of Awareness 0 0.00
No internet access 23 32.86
Irregular Power supply 16 22.86
Lack of technical Knowhow 9 12.86
Cost of Internet access 14 20.00
Others 8 11.43
Total 225 100.0
Source: Field Survey, 2010.
Table 4:19 Age Distribution of Compound in Nigeria
Frequency
Age Class Absolute %
Below 2 years 11 15.72
2years-5years 24 34.29
71