5191 5195.output

* GB785598 (A)
Description: GB785598 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements relating to sock linings for shoes
Description of GB785598 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
7853,595 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Nov
28, 1955.
Application made in United States of America on Feb 3, 1955.
/ Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 17 ( 2), 13 ( 3 A: 7 C 2: 8 C: 8 E 1: 9 B).
International Classification:-A 43 b COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements relating to Sock Linings for Shoes I, FRED MACCARONE, of
1834 Caton Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, United States, of America, a
Citizen of the United States of America, do hereby declare the
invention, for which I pray that a patent may 'be granted to me, and
the method by which it is to 'be performed, to 'be particularly
described in and by the following statement: -
This invention has reference to improvements relating to sock linings
for shoes and has for its object a new and improved construction of
sock lining resulting in a shoe of improved fitrand comfort.

Accordingly the invention consists of a sock lining for shoes
comprising a lining having therein an elongated aperture extending
from the region of the heel, breast line to the ball line and a
cushion having an inner portion the upper surface of which is exposed
and which fills the said aperture and a marginal portion by means of
which the cushion may be attached to the undersurface of the marginal
portion bounding the aperture aforesaid.
According to the invention also the improved sock lining for shoes
comprises a lining having therein an elongated aperture extending from
the region of the heel breast line to the ball line and a cushion
having an inner portion the upper surface of which is exposed and
which protrudes through or tends to be caused to protrude through the
said aperture and a marginal portion by means of which the cushion may
'be attached to the undersurface of the marginal portion bounding the
aperture aforesaid.
The invention also resides in sock linings for shoes substantially as
will be described hereinafter.
Em'bodimenits of the invention will now 'be described with particular
reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 is a plan
view of a combination sock lining and cushion constructed in
accordance with the invention, Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional
view of the combination illustrated in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a bottom
view of the combination shown in Figuresl and 2, Figure 4 is a
detailed view in perspective of a spring which may be used in
conjunction with this invention, Figure 5 is a fragmentary plan view
illustrating a manner of using the spring illustrated in Figure 4.
Figure 16 is a view in longitudinal cross section through a finished
shoe incorporating my invention, Figure 7 is a plan view of a
combination sock lining in accordance with this invention,
incorporating a spring as illustrated in Figure 4, Figure 8 is a view
in longitudinal cross section of the combination shown in Figure 7,
Figure 9 is a view in longitudinal cross section of a shoe
illustrating the manner in which the combination sock lining,
illustrated in Figure 7, may be incorporated into a finished, shoe,
Figure 10 is 'a plan view of la modified sock lining in accordance
with my invention, and Figure 11 is a fragmentary longitudinal
sectional view incorporating the sock lining illustrated in Figure 10.
According to the embodiment of the invention as illustrated in Figures
1-3, a sock lining 10 of conventional configuration and constructed of
any standard material is provided with an aperture 12 longitudinally
disposed at the shank which extends throughout the llength of the
shank portion A cushion 14 is secured to the underside of the lining
about the margin of the aperture by stitching 13 and provides a soft
and resilient pad for the arch of the foot The cushion may be made of

foam rubber or any other equivalent material and although the cushion
has been illustrated and described as being sewn to the sock lining,
it is to be understood that it may be secured thereto by cement or
other means A second foam rubber pad '16 illustrated in Figures 2 and
3 is cemented to the bottom of the cushion 14 and the sock lining,
extending beyond the margins of the aperture The second cushion or pad
serves to cause the exposed upper surifae of the first cushion to
protrude through w 0.
the aperture 12 Although two cushions have been illustrated and
described, it is appreciated that a single heavier pad may be
substituted with substantially the same results.
If desired a sock lining on the lines described may be combined with a
leaf spring as illustrated in Figure 4 for urging the rear part of the
shoe to follow the heel of the foot.
The spring 18 comprises a strip or leaf of flat resilient metal or
synthetic material and is assembled in the finished shoe in a position
to pivot about the shank portion The body of the spring 18 is given a
slight curvature whilst its terminal portions 20 ( may be turned
gently upward and rounded to present to the foam rubber pad a smooth
surface free of sharp edges.
In Figure 6 is shown a finished shoe including an insole 22, a molded
shank piece 28, an outsole 30, a heel 36, and an upper comprising a
vamp 32 and a heel strap 34.
The insole 22 is provided at the centre of the shank with a pair of
closely spaced transverse slits 24 to form a thin strap 26 After the
shoe has been made, the spring 18 is slipped under the strap 26 in
position for pivotal motion about that point The sock lining
constructed on the lines described with reference to Figures 1-3 is
then cemented to the insole in the customary manner with the foam
rubber cushion overlying the spring.
The ends of aperture 12 extend beyond the terminal portions of the
spring 18 afid its smooth rounded surfaces will exert a force against
the resilient foam rubber cushion when the spring pivots about its
fulcrum If the spring acted directly on the sock lining, there would
be an undesirable tendency to separate the lining from the insole.
When the shoe is placed upon the foot, the foam rubber cushion and the
spring 18 gently urge the top of the foot upwvardly against the upper
members, As the wearer's weight is brought forward from the rearward
portion to the forward portion of the shoe, the sprint, 18 will pivot
at the shank The downward thrust on the forward end of spring 18 Will
cause upward movement of the rear end of the spring and thus lift the
foot into tighter engagement with the heel strap 34 At the same tline
the spring exerts a mild liftin, force against the sock lining through
the cushion It will be appreciated that this action described will

minimize the unsightly and uncomfortable slipping which normally
obtains between the rear ends of shoes and the heels of the wearer.
The embodiment of the invention as shown in Figures 7-9 illustrates
the manner in which the invention may-be introduced into existing
shoes of conventional construction The stru cture therein illustrated
comprises a combination sock lining, spring, and resilient cushion
made as a single unit In detail, the sock lining 44 is provided with
an aperture 46 cut longitudinally in its shank portion, and a foam
rubber cushion is stitched to it about the margin of the aperture as
suggested at 47 A second foam rubber cushion 54 is cemented to the
bottom of the first cushion in the manner 70 described in the
preceding embodiment, but a pocket is provided between the two for
receiving the spring 50 In actual construction, the spring may be
placed on the surface of the inverted sock lining after the first
cushion 75 has been stitched in position Then the second cushion may
be cemented to the unit as shown.
The cavity should be no longer than the spring to prevent relative
shifting of the spring and the sock lining 80 It will be noted that
the spring illustrated in Figures 7 and S has the same curvature as
the spring shown in the preceding embodiment However, the spring is
provided with spatulate ends 52 to present a smooth rounded 85 surface
for the cushion 48 This general configuration will obviously ensure
complete comfort for the wearer It is also revealed in Figure 7 that
the length of the aperture in the sock lining exceeds the length of
the spring, 90 thus preventing any direct application of force by the
spring against the lining The advantages of this feature have been
fully specified in connection with the embodiment previously described
95 From the foregoing description of an alternative form of the
invention, it will be appreciated that the combination sock lining,
spring and cushion may be sold separately, and the retailer by
selecting the proper size 100 may introduce the unit into shoes at the
time of sale The manner in which this is effected' is shown in Figure
9 The unit may be cemented to the insole of any conventional shoe in
the same manner as an ordinary sock 105 lining If the proper size is
selected, the spring will lie in the proper position over the shank.
The foam rubber pad 54 will be compressed at its midsection by the
spring at the point where the spring pivots on the insole Because the
110 spring is securely held in its pocket between the cushions it will
remain in the longitudinal position illustrated, but pivotal motion of
the spring is permitted due to the compressibility of the cushions As
the weight of the wearer 115 is transferred from the rear portion to
the front portion of the foot, the spring will pivot exerting a mild
spring action causing the rear part of the shoe to follow the heel of
the foot, eliminating the undesirable slipping 120 discussed above.

The embodiment of my invention illustrated in Figures 10 and 11 is an
improvement on the embodiment shown in Figures 7-9 Additional strength
is afforded in that embodiment 125 by utilizing the portion of the
sock lining removed to form the aperture 46 In detail, the sock linina
60 shown Iin Figure 10 is cut along the line 62 to form a flap 64 By
lowering the flap from the plane of the sock lining 130 7815,59 8 -
8,9 an aperture is formed similar to the apertures in the other
embodiments.
A cushion 66 having a slot 68 ' is stitched to the sock lining and
fills the aperture The flap 1614 is drawn downwardly through the slot
68 and is secured to the lower surface of the cushion by cement or
other suitable means.
A second cushion 54 is attached to' the bottom of the cushion 66 and
sock lining 60 and defines a pocket for the spring 50 in the same
manner as in the embodiment of Figures 7-9 However, spring 50 no
longer exerts a force directly on the cushion, filling the aperture,
but instead, bears against the flap 164 which prevents the splatulate
ends 52 of the spring from cutting the cushion.
None of the advantages stated above are lost by employing this form,
The resiliency of the 'cushion and the width of the aperture prevent
the spring frm -tearing the sock lining from the insole 'In, addition,
the cushion is reinforced to give it longer life Moreover, the portion
of the sock lining wasted in the preceding embodiments: is now
employed for a useful purpose.
Many other advantages not alluded to in the preceding description are
derived by employing the construction disclosed in this specification
For example, by introducing into a 'shoe otherwise too large the units
illustrated in Figures 7 and 11, comfortable fit may be obtained by
virtue of the lifting action applied to the foot urging it against the
upper.
Rubbing of the foot against the upper will be eliminated Moreover, the
additional arch support afforded by the spring will decrease fatigue
so often encountered with high heel shoes.
It is remarked here that the provision in and for a shoe of an
elongated leaf spring which is disposed longitudinally above the
insole and which is pivotally movable about its central portion on the
shank portion of the insole whereby in wear the said leaf spring tends
to urge the heel part of the shoe to follow the heel of the wearer
constitutes the subject matter of the invention described, illustrated
and claimed in the complete specification of my pending Patent
Application No.
20362/56 (Serial No 785,599) which is a division of the present
application and hence where in the appended claims reference is made
to such a leaf spring such claims are not to be construed, as claiming

such a leaf spring per se but only such;a leaf spring when forming an
element an a combination sock lining incorporating a lining having
therein an Eliongated aperture extending from the region of the heel
breast line to the ball line and a 60,cushion having an inner portion
the upper surface of which is exposed land which fills the said
aperture and which has 'a marginal portion by means of which the
cushion may be attached to the undersurface of the marginal portion
bounding the aperture aforesaid.
Further it may be remarked here that there has been proposed
heretofore a boot, shoe, slipper or other article of footwear having
an insole formed of leather or other usual material with the central
portion cut away and re 70 placed with rubber, the upper surface of
the insole being covered with a layer of rubber said insole according
to one arrangement having the whole of the upper surface covered with
a layer of rubber of suitable thickness 75 with that part where the
leather or other insole was cut away substantially thicker than the
remainder so that at this part it will project through the aperture in
ithe insole.
The present invention is differentiated from 80 the foregoing
disclosure in that it resides in a sock dining for shoes comprising a
lining having therein an elongated aperture extending from the region
of the heel breast line to the ball line and a cushion having an inner
por 85 tion the upper surface of which is exposed and which fills the
said aperture and a marginal portion by means of which the cushion'
may ibe attached to the undersurface of the marginal portion bounding
the aperture afore 90 said.
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* GB785599 (A)
Description: GB785599 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements relating to shoes

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785,599 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Nov 28,
1955.
No 20362/56.
Application made in United States of America on Feb 3, 1955.
(Divided out of No 785,598).
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 17 ( 2), B( 7 C 2: 8 C: 8 El: 9 B).
International Classification:-A 43 b.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements relating to Shoes I, FRED 1 MACCARONE, of 1834 Caton
Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America, a Citizen of the
United States of America, do hereby declare the invention for which I
pray that a patent may ibe granted to me and the method by which it is
to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
This invention has reference to improvements relating to shoes and has
for its object a new and improved construction resulting in a shoe of
improved fit and comfort.
Shoe manufacturers have long sought a means of eliminating the
unsightly and uncomfortable relative motion between the rear ends of
shoes and the heels of the wearer so often observed during that
portion of the stride in which the weight moves from the rear to the
forward part of the foot Slipping is experiencedl in varying degrees
with all types of shoes, but is most pronounced with women's shoe of
open heel construction Thus far, as far as I am aware, all attempts to

eliminate the slipping have proved to be unsatisfactory.
The primary object of this invention, therefore, is to eliminate
slipping at the heel end' of shoes.
Accordingly the invention consists in the provision in and for a shoe
of an elongated leaf spring which is disposed longitudinally above the
insole and which is pivotally movable about its central portion on the
shank portion of the insole whereby in wear the said leaf spring
tends, to urge the heel part of the shoe to follow the heel of the
wearer.
The invention further resides in a shoe incorporating a resilient
means as aforesaid which in wear tends to urge the heel part of the
shoe to follow the heel of the wearer, Embodiments of the invention
will now be described with particular reference to the accompanying
drawings wherein: Figure 1 is a plan view of a combination sock lining
and cushion constructed in accordance with the invention: disclosed in
the specification of Application No 33973 filed 28th November 1955,
(Serial No 785,598) of which this present application is a division,
Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the combination
illustrated in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a bottom view of the com'bination
shown in Figures 1 and 2, Figure 4 is a detailed view in perspective
of a spring constructed in accordance with this present invention,
Figure 5 ' is a fragmentary plan view illustrating a manner of using
the spring illustrated in Figure 4.
Figure 6 is a view in longitudinal cross section through a finished
shoe incorporating my invention, Figure 7 is a plan view of a
combination sock lining incorporating a spring in accordance with the
invention, Figure 8; is a view in longitudinal cross section of the
combination shown in Figure 7, Figure 9 is a view in longitudinal
cross section of a shoe illustrating the manner in which the
combination lining, cushion, and spring may be incorporated into a
finished shoe, Figure 10 is a plan view of a modified form of sock
lining to which the invention may be applied, and' Figure 11 is a
longitudinal sectional view of another combination sock lining,
cushion and spring constructed in accordance with my invention and
incorporating the sock lining illustrated in Figure 10.
Proceeding now with the description of the combination sock lining and
cushion illustrated in 'Figures 1-3 in combination with which it is
found that a leaf spring in accordance with the invention is
especially suited, to be used, the said illustrated combination
incorporates a sock lining 10 of conventional configuration and
constructed of any standard material it is provided with an aperture
12 longitudinally disposed at the shank The cutout 12 extends
throughout the length of the shank portion A cushion 14 is secured to
the underside of tlhe lining about the margin of the aperture by

stitching 13 and provides a soft and resilient pad for the arch of the
foot.
The cushion may be made of foam rubber or any other equivalent
material and although the cushion has been illustrated and described,
as being sewed to the sock lining, it is to be understood that it may
be secured thereto by cement or other means A second foam rubber pad
16 as is illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 is cemented to the bottom of
the cushion 14 and the sock lining, extending beyond the margins of
the aperture The second cushion or pad serves to cause the exposed
upper surface of the first cushion to protrude through the aperture 12
Although two cushions have been illustrated and described, it is
appreciated that a single heavier pad may be substituted with
substantially the same results.
The spring illustrated in Figure 4 which urges the rear part of the
shoe to follow the heel of the foot will now be described The spring
18 comprises a strip or leaf of flat resilient metal or synthetic
material' and is assembled in the finished shoe in a position to pivot
about the shank portion The body of the spring 18 is given a slight
curvature whilst its terminal portions 20 may be turned gently upward
and rounded to present to the foam rubber pad a smooth surface free of
sharp edges, In Figure '6 is shown a finished shoe including an insole
22, a molded shank piece 28, an outsole 30, a heel 36, and an upper
comprising a vamp 32 and a heel strap 34.
The insole 22 is provided at the centre of the shank with a pair of
closely spaced transverse slits 24 to form a thin strap 26 After the
shoe has been made, the spring 18 is slipped under the strap 26 in
position for pivotal motion about that point The sock lining
constructed on the lines described with reference to Figure -1-3 is
then cemented to the insole in the customary manner with the foam
rubber cushion overlying the spring The ends of the aperture 12 extend
beyond the terminal portions of the spring and its smooth rounded
surfaces will exert a force against the resilient foam rubber cushion
when the spring pivots about its fulcrum If the spring acted directly
on the sock lining, there would be an undesirable tendency to separate
the lining from the insole.
When the shoe is placed upon the foot, the foam rubber cushion and the
spring gently urge the top of the foot upwardly against the upper
members As the wearer's weight is brought forward from the rearward
portion to the forward portion of the shoe, the spring 18 will pivot
at the shank The downward thrust on the forward end of spring 18 will
cause upward movement of the rear end of the spring andl thus lift the
foot into tighter engagement with the heel strap 34 At the same time
the spring exerts a mild lifting force against the sock lining through
the cushion It will be appreciated that the action described will

minimise the unsightly and uncomfortable slipping which normally
obtains between the rear ends of shoes and the heels of the wearer.
The embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 7-9 illustrates the
manner in which 70 the invention is introduced into existing shoes of
conventional construction The structure therein illustrated comprises
a combination sock lining, spring, and resilient cushion made as a
single unit In detail, the sock lining 44 75 is provided with an
aperture 46 cut longitudinally in its shank portion, and a foam rubber
cushion is stitchedl to it about the margin of the aperture as
suggested at 47 A second foam rubber cushion 54 is cemented 80 to the
bottom of the first cushion and to the sock lining in the manner
described in the preceding embodiment, but a pocket is provided
between the two for receiving the spring 50.
In actual construction, the spring may be 85 placed on the surface of
the inverted sock lining after the first cushion has been stitched in
position Then the second cushion may be cemented to the unit as shown
The cavity should be no larger than the spring to pre 90 vent relative
shifting of the spring and the sock lining.
It will be noted that the spring illustrated in Figures 7 and 8 has
the same curvature as the spring shown in the preceding embodi 95 ment
However, the spring is provided with spatulate ends 52 to present a
smooth rounded surface for the cushion 48 This general configuration
will obviously ensure complete comfort for the wearer It is also
revealed in Figure 100 7 that the length of the aperture in the sock
lining exceeds the length of the spring, thus preventing any direct
application of force by the spring against the lining The advantages
of this feature have been fully specified in 105 connection with the
embodiment previously described.
From the foregoing description of an alternative form of the
invention, it will be appreciated that the combination sock lining,
spring 110 and cushion may be sold separately, and the retailer by
selecting the proper size may introduce the unit into shoes at the
time of sale.
The manner in which this is effected is shown in Figure 9 The unit may
be cemented to the 115 insole of any conventional shoe in the same
manner as an ordinary sock lining If the proper size is selected; the
spring will lie in the proper position over the shank The foam rubber
pad 54 will be compressed at its mid 120 section by the spring at the
point where the spring pivots on the insole Because the spring is
securely held in its pocket between the cushions it will' remain in
the longitudinal position illustrated, but pivotal motion of the 125
spring is permitted due to the compressibility of the cushions As the
weight of the wearer is transferred from the rear portion to the front
portion of the foot, the spring will pivot exerting a mild spring

action causing the rear 130 785,599 port afforded by the spring will
decrease fatigue so often encountered with high heel shoes.
It is remarked here that a sock lining for shoes comprising a lining
having therein an elongated aperture extending from the region of the
'heel breast line to the bal I line and a cushion having an upper
portion of the upper surface of which is exposed and which fills the
said aperture and a marginal portion by means of which the cushion may
be attached to the undersurface of the marginal portion boundingithe
aperture aforesaid constitutes the subject matter of the invention
described, illustrated and claimed in the complete specification of my
pending Patent Application No.
33973 dated 218th November 1955 (Serial No.
785,598) from which the present application is divided.
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* GB785600 (A)
Description: GB785600 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in and relating to the feeding of discrete or finely divided
materials from a relatively low pressure container
COMPLETE S:P;ECIIFICATION
Improvements in and relating to the Feeding of Discrete or Finely
Divided Materials from a Relatively Low Pressure
Container
We, FUMES LIMITED, a company registered tinder the laws of the state
of Victoria, and having its registered office at 114 King Street,
Melbourne, in the State of Victoria, Commonwealth of Australia, do
hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be

granted to us, and the method; by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the feeding or die- livery of discrete
materials such, for example, as powder, granulated, pulverised or
finely divided substances from a relatively low pressure bulk
container, eg., a container subjected to suction effect or
subatmospheric pressure, into a container or vessel in which a
substantially higher pressure obtains^, or to a discharge point or
zone which is subject to such higher pressure or to a;;mospheric
pressure.
Conditions of that nature apply in many field's of industry and
manufacture and merely by way of example may be mentioned the feeding
of flux powder as used in electric welding from a low pressure hopper
or container to the actual welding zone.
The primary object of this invention is to provide a simple and
effective device for facilitating the discharge of the discrete
material from the low pressure container so that a regular discharge
thereof into a higher pressure zone can be assured without permitting
'pny material increase of pressure in the container.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings as applied
to a low pressure hopper suitable for feeding flux powder to the
welding zone of an electric welding systetn, such as disclosed in cop
ending application No. 36508 of 1955 (Serial No.
785L,S601) In these drawings:
Figure 1 is a part sectional elevation showing the device connected to
the lower end of the hopper.
Figure 2 is an inverted plan view on a larger scalle of a regulating
or cut off device at the bottom of the control device.
'Figure 3 is a cross section on the line III
III of Figure 2 looking in the direction of the arrows.
Referring to the drawings, it will be seen that the relatively low
pressure container 2 is provided at its lower end with the discharge
device comprising a casing 3, the interior of which is divided into a
series of superposed compartments 4 which have restricted
communication with each other at or about the centre and each of which
is provided iin its outer wall with a relatively small aperture 5 or
a number of small' apertures each iof which is subject to atmospheric
pressure or a pressure which isi higher than that obtaining in the
container. These relatively small apertures should be located as near
to the tops of the respective compartments 'as practicable.
The compartments are formed by horizontal partitions 16 each having an
opening 7, preferably centrally disposed, for the downward flow of the
powder or liloe material Where the casing is of cylindrical shape the
openings 7 would preferably be circular in plan. They may be of

uniform area but preferably decrease progressively in area from the
uppermost partition to the lowermost partition.
The number and size of the compartments may vary in accordance with
the circum- stances, such as the nature of the particular material
being dealt with, its volume and desires rate of feed or discharge,
and the difference in pressure obtaining in the upper part of the
container and the final discharge point or zone.
'For example, in delivering a supply of powdered flux to the welding
zone in an electric welding system six compartments have been found to
be adequate.
A delivery spout 8 may project downwardly from the bottom of the
'casing, which also has a central open 7, and may 'he fitted with a
valve, regulator or like member that will enable the rate of discharge
to be controlled and to b-e cut-off as and when desired.
This regulator may include a plate member 9 attached by a pivot pin 10
to the bottom of the casing 3 and terminating at one end in a portion
9a which may extend completely across the bottom of the spout 8 and
thus cut off discharge of the material The plate member may be
resilientiy urged towards the closed position by a spring 11 extending
between the other end of the plate member and a bar 12 affixed to the
bottom of the casing, the plate member 9 having a spur lah which acts
as a stoop for the closed position. A chain 13 or other flexible line
may extend from the plate member to any position convenient to the
operator in charge of the apparatus.
In use, it will be found that the material will gravitate successively
into the compartments 4 and tend to assume in each compartment the
form of a truncated conical mass depending to some extent upon the
angle of repose of the material. The admission of air at atmospheric
pressure through the small holes in the upper parts of the
compartments has the effect of gradually increasing the pressure
within the successively lower compartments so that by the time the
central core of material, which gravitates without impedance, reaches
the delivery spout the difference in pressure will be overcome so that
a steady discharge will take place without any significant rise in
pressure within rite upper part of the container.
In Figure 1 of the drawings the delivery spout 8 is encircled iby a
funnel like member 14 which iS ;suitable when applying the invention
to the feeding of flux powder to the welding zone of an arc welding
system, but this is merely an example of one practical application of
the invention.
What we claim is: -
1. A device for facilitating the discharge of discrete material from a
relatively low pressure container into a space that is subject to
higher pressure, comprising a casing adapted to depend from the bottom

of said container, horizontal partitions in said casing subdividing
its interior into a series of superposed compartments, each of said
partitions and the bottom of the container having a central opening,
and the wail of said casing being provided near the top of each
compartment with at least one relatively small aperture subject to
external pressure which is higher than that obtaining within the
container.
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* GB785601 (A)
Description: GB785601 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements relating to flux feeding systems for electric welding
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Dec 20, 1955.
No 36508/55.
Application made in Australia on Dec 30, 1954.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 78 ( 1), A 3.
International Classification:-B 65 g.
i COMPLETE SPE'OIFICATION Improvements relating to Flux Feeding
Systems for Electric Welding We, HUMES LIMITED, a company registered
under the laws of the Staite of Victoria, and having its registered
office at 114 King Street, Melbourne, in the State of Victoria,
'Commonwealth of Australia, do hereby declare the invention, for which
we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it
is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the
following statement:-

This invention relates to flux feeding systems for electric welding
and contemplates an improved method and apparatus for such purpose
which will be most efficient, convenient and economical hin operation.
One of the objects of the invention is to provide a method which
utilises a relatively large capacity hopper, which may be located
remote from the welding zone, and la feed hopper of relatively small
capacity which is located slightly above the welding zone and
interconnected by piping with the storage hopper and the work piece,
and in which method provision is made for establishing and maintaining
an air-flow 'or air-stream system which is entirely automatic in
action and will ensure a substantially constant amount;of flux powder
being contained in the feed hopper, a copious and regular 'delivery of
powder from that hopper to the work piece so as to achieve what is
sometimes termed submerged arc " welding and will simultaneously
return surplus or unconsumed flux powder from the work piece to the
feed hopper for re-use.
Many imporant practical advantages arise out of the foregoing land
will become apparent from the following description and drawings
relating to an embodiment 'of the invention that is at present
preferred.
In, the drawings: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the
apparatus.
Figure 2 is an elevation of the feed hopper.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan on line IIII'11 of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is another elevation of the feed hopper.
l 1 Referring firstly 'to Figure 1, the large capacity or bulk storage
hopper 6 may, in general, be of any suitable form and size so as to
'contain an ample supply of the flux powder An aperture formed near
the top of the hopper is connected by piping 7 with a fan or pump 8
which with its driving means, e.g, an electric motor, are the only
moving parts in the entire system The fan may exhaust to atmosphere or
through a trap for recovering such particles of powder as may be
entrained in the air-stream.
The top of the bulk hopper 6 is 'connected by piping 9 to the upper
part of the feed hopper 10 so that the upper parts of both hoppers
will be subject to suction effect of the fan.
In order to maintain an adequate supply of flux powder in the bulk
'hopper it may be fitted with a charging device consisting of a
rel'atively long tube 1,1 which at its lower end projects downwardly
at a suitable inclination into the hopper and has a funnel-like
enlargement 12 at its upper end which is located externally of the
hopper and near the top thereof, This 'charging device should be kept
substantially full of powder so that attmospheric air will be excluded
from entering the hopper.

The powder is discharged from the 'bottom of the bulk hopper 16 at a
desirable rate in order to be entrained in an air-stream by which it
is conveyed into the feed hopper 10.
To permit of such discharge, bearing in mind that a relatively low
pressure obtains 'in, the upper part of the hopper, we propose to
utilise for that purpose a device 13 as disclosed in our copending
application No 36505 of 1955 (Serial No 785,600) for patent entitled
"Improvements in land relating 'to the feeding of discrete or finely
divided' materials from a relatively low pressure container " and
which therefore need not be described in this present specification.
The flux powder from the bulk hopper may discharge into an open'
topped vessel 14 communicating at its lower end with a pipe leading to
the feed hopper and fitted at Its open end with an air inlet nozzle 15
which may be axially adjustable Air induced by the suction effect of
the fan 8 will entrain the powder entering the pipe 1,6 and convey it
to the feed hopper The amount of powder thus conveyed per unit of
'time need only correspond with, or be slightly in excess of, the
amount of flux that is consumed or fused at the welding zone in the
same unit of time.
Reference will now be made 'to the feed hopper which may
advantageously have an upper section 17 in the form of a rather flat
or shallow truncated cone and la lower section 18 in the form of a
somewhat deeper and invetted truncated cone, the two sections being
externally flanged at their meeting edges and suitably secured
together with the interposition of a suitable gasket 19.
A horizontal baffle plate 20 may extend within the feed hopper in
approximate alignment with the meeting edges of the upper and lower
sections so as to leave an annular gap around the baffle plate The
pipe 9 extending between the upper part of the feed hopper and the top
of the bulk hopper may have its open inlet end 9 a projecting
centrally above baffle plate 20 for a short distance and from the
underside of the plate it passes at an angle through the lower section
of the feed hopper, The pipe 16 conveying the powder-laden air-stream
to the feed hopper may enter the lower section of the latter at an
appropriate angle and terminate in a hole 16 a disposed in the baffle
plate near its peripheral edge.
A third pipe 21 enters the feed hopper in a manner similar to that of
the last-mentioned pipe (and terminates in a hole 21 a in the baffle
20) but at a position and at an inclination that is substantially
opposite This third pipe, which may have a swivel or flexible portion
intermediate its length outside the feed hopper, is provided at its
other or free end, with a 'fishtail or other suitable nozzle 22 for
the purpose of applying suction to the welding zone at that part of
the joint or seam which has recently been welded in order that surplus

flux powder will be induced along that pipe and returned to the feed
hopper.
= The bottom of the feed hopper is preferably provided with a powder
discharge or feed device 13 similar to that described in our aforesaid
copending application.
The discharged powder may Tbe directed onto the work by a tapered
hollow member (not shown) which may be fixed 'to a tube through which
the electrode is fed to the work.
The feed hopper may be provided internally of its lower section with a
series (say four) of circumferentially spaced, vertically
extending'vanes 23.
The internal surfaces of the upper section of the feed "hopper and the
upper surface of the horizontal baffle may be lined or sheathed with
some appropriate material as protection against the abrading action of
the incoming powder-laden air-stream.
In operation, it will be appreciated that a 70 number of things are
happening simultaneously and automatically due to the suction effect
created by the fan which propagates throughout the piping system and
the two hoppers Thus, a moderate quantity of powder 75 is conveyed in
the air-stream travelling to the feed hopper from air inlet nozzle 15
by way of pipe 16 At the same time, a considerably greater quantity of
flux powder will be entering 'the feed hopper by way of the surplus 80
pick-up device 22 and the third pipe 21.
There will also be a regular feed of the flux powder (corresponding
approximately in amount or rate 'to that entering the feed hopper by
the two sources just mentioned) from the 85 outlet of the feed hopper
to the work-piece.
Thus it may be said that the amount of flux being delivered from the
storage hopper to the feed hopper by way of pipe 16 will, at any time
during welding operations, be about 90 the same as is being actually
consumed at the welding zone The major proportion by far of the powder
passing from the feed hopper ito the work-piece consists of surplus or
unconsumed powder which is picked up by the suc 95 tion nozzle 22 and
conveyed into the feed hopper.
There will also be a continuous flow of air from the upper part of the
feed hopper into the top 'of the bulk hopper by way of ICC pipe 9, and
this air-stream may possibly carry with it a slight amount of powder
from the feed hopper Any such powder may be sparated from the
air-stream in the bulk hopper by virtue of the pipe 9 terminating 105
in a hollow cone 24 disposed in the upper part of the bulk hopper, the
suction pipe 7 being connected to the hopper at a substantial distance
above 'the bottom of cone 24.
By arranging for pipes 16 and 21 to enter 110 the feed hopper at
opposed inclinations, as aforesaid, a desirable whirling action occurs

in that part of the feed hopper immediately above baffle 20, with the
result that the powder entrained in the air streams is precipitated
and 115 gravitates around the periphery of 'the baffle into the lower
part of the hopper The vertical vanes 23 prevent or break down 'any
whirling effect in the lower part of the hopper and therefore
facilitate separation and gravitation 120 of the powder.
The more salient advantages of the invention may be summarised as
follows: ( 1) The entire system is automatic in operation and requires
only a minimum of atten 125 tion.
( 2) The feed hopper will remain charged to a substantially constant
level with the flux powder so that there will be little, if any,
variation in weight of the loaded feed hopper 130 7855601 785,601 3
enabling it to be supported, 'as 'by a long and slender cantilever arm
or beam without any significant or 'excessive movement as would occur
if the weight varied suddenly or to any material extent from time to
time.
( 3) There is a continuous and rapid circulation of flux powder
between the feed hopper and the work-piece with the result that the
powder fed to the work-piece will be preheated and undesirable
moisture will have been dried out.
( 4) The feed hopper need only be of relatively small capacity'as the
circulation system will ensure that an adequate amount of powder will
always be contained in the feed hopper, ( 5) The bulk or storage
hopper can be located remote from the scene of the welding operations
and its replenishment from time to time can be readily and
conveniently attended to.
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* GB785602 (A)
Description: GB785602 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in or relating to extraction of uranium from its ores

785,602 Invetitors:-THOMAS VICTOR ARDEN, FRANCIS HEREWARD BURSTALL and
REGINALD PATRICK LINSTEAD.
Date of filing Complete Specification: Aug 27, 1949.
Application Date: Aug 31,1948 No 22985148.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 3/0, 1957.
Index at Acceptauco:Class 1 ( 3), A 1 D( 28: 37: 45), A 1 G( 27 D 45:
33 D 28: 33 D 37: 36 D 28: 42 D 28: 42 D 37), A 1 N( 33: 36: 42).
International Classification:-C Olf, g.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Extraction of Uranium from its Ores.
We, UNITED KINGDOM ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY, of London, a British
Authority, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement: This invention relates
to the extraction of uranium from its ores and in particular to the
extraction of uranium from phosphatic ores containing the same.
The object of the invention is to provide a simple and efficient
process of treating phosphatic uranium-containing ores to obtain a
uranium-containing product which has a very low phosphate content.
According to the invention a phosphatic ore containing uranium is
treated with concentrated sulphuric acid to decompose phosphates
present and to form a system comprising a liquid sulphuric
acid-phosphoric acid phase and a solid phase containing substantially
all or the greater part of the uranium content of the ore, and the
solid phase is separated from the liquid phase and worked up to
recover uranium.
The separation of the two phases is preferably effected by centrifugal
means, a high degree of separation being desirable The separated
solids may be taken up with water and the solution treated with a
soluble barium salt and filtered From the solution, hydroxides of the
metals present may then be precipitated by a base as for example by

means of sodium hydroxide, ammonia or magnesium oxide and the
separated and washed hydroxide brought into nitric acid solution, from
which the uranium compound may be extracted by means of diethyl ether,
El Pr ice or other organic solvent as described herein.
The following is an Example of the preferred method of carrying the
invention into effect as applied to monazite.
EXAMPLE.
500 parts monazite containing 0 34 per cent uranium (as UO 8) is
treated with 1288 parts of concentrated sulphuric acid and heated at
2200 C for two hours The thick crystalline slurry of metal sulphates
and undecomposed residue with sulphuric and phosphoric acids so
obtained is cooled, and the liquid separated from the solids,
preferably by means of a centrifuge or by filtration under reduced
pressure The solids are taken up with water and the resulting solution
diluted to 5000 parts Gelatin ( 1 5 parts in 50 parts water) and
barium nitrate 0.1 part are added and the mixture stirred and filtered
The gelatin serves to flocculate finely divided silica and the barium
sulphate acts as a collector for the mesothorium (radium) The residue
usually contains mesothorium mixed with lead, barium and calcium as
sulphates, silica and possibly a small amount of undecomposed mineral
residue.
The filtrate is heated to substantially 900 C and added slowly to a
hot 10 per cent solution of caustic soda containing 1170 parts of
sodium hydroxide, the solution being agitated during the addition The
precipitate is separated, and washed until only a trace of sulphate
ion remains and then treated with 524 parts of 50 per cent nitric acid
and diluted to 2500 parts with water An insoluble portion consisting
of thorium and ceric phosphates and contain-rii 785,602 ing a trace of
uranium may remain This is separated, boiled with 2 N caustic soda,
filtered, washed, dissolved in nitric acid and returned to the main
solution, of which the nitric acid content is adjusted to prevent
further separation of solids Some 3 per cent or more of free nitric
acid according to the content of phosphate ion may be necessary A
salting out agent, for example ammonium nitrate may be added to the
solution to increase the efficiency of solvent extraction.
The resulting solution may be extracted with diethyl ether but is
preferably extracted with an organic solvent described in the
Specification of Application No 11139/48 (Serial No 781,721), or
alternatively with a mixture of diethyl ether and one of the said
organic solvents A solvent mixture consisting of 80 parts diethyl
ether and 20 parts tetrahydrosylvane and 5 parts nitric acid has been
found satisfactory in a continuous extraction process, the nitric acid
being present to avoid or reduce extraction of this acid from the
aqueous Dhase The residual aqueous solution may be treated for

recovery of thorium and rare earths.
The organic solvent extract obtained in this way contains uranium,
some thorium and cerium, and possibly phosphoric acid if the
separation in initial stage was not complete The uranium may be
recovered in any convenient way For example the extract may be treated
with successive small quantities of water until the organic solvent is
free from uranium and the resulting aqueous uranium-containing
solution treated with hydrogen peroxide under acid conditions to
precipitate uranium peroxide, U 04-2 H 20, which may be recovered,
washed, dried and ignited to yield U 3 O,.
In operating the invention, it is important to ensure effective
separation of the solid and liquid phases of the mixture resulting
from the sulphuric acid treatment of the ore, since phosphoric acid
remaining with the solids adversely affects the efficiency of the
subsequent organic solvent extraction of the nitric acid solution
containing the uranium.
By employment of a centrifuge for the separation, it has been found
possible substantially to eliminate phosphate from the
uranium-containing solution It is also of importance to avoid
hydration of the concentrated sulphuric acid used for the treatment of
the ore until separation of the solids is complete, since the
solubility of the uranium in this acid increases with hydration Ore
should therefore be dry and access of the acid phase to atmospheric
moisture should be avoided as far as possible By avoiding losses due
to presence of phosphate at the organic solvent extraction stage and
due to solubility of the uranium in the concentrated sulphuric acid,
recoveries of substantially 95 per cent or higher of uranium in
monazite may be obtained.
While the invention has been described with reference to the treatment
of monazite, 70 it is to be understood that it is applicable to
phosphatic uranium-containing ores generally andl especially to such
ores containing uranium in quadrivalent form.
In the present Specification, the term 75 "concentrated sulphuric
acid" means acid of substantially 1 84 specific gravity.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our
said invention and in what manner the same is to be per, 80
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