The document discusses various ways to use the ZFS file system on Amazon EC2 instances. It describes ZFS as a file system and logical volume manager with features like data protection, high storage capacities, and snapshots. It provides instructions for installing and using ZFS on Linux, OmniOS, and FreeBSD AMIs, including attaching EBS volumes to an instance and creating ZFS pools and filesystems on them similar to using physical disks.

1. Simone Brunozzi
Sr. Technology Evangelist, AWS
@simon
things
you don’t know about
Amazon Web Services5
1

2. 01
AWS CLI
Delete a bucket and all its
content with just one
command
2

3. 3

4. aws s3 rb s3://bucket-name --force
4

5. 5

6. 6

7. 02
AWS CLI
Recursive copy of a directory
and its subfolders to Amazon
S3 (and vice versa)
7

8. 8

9. aws s3 cp MyFolder s3://bucket-name --
recursive [--region us-west-2]
9

10. 03
Autoscaling
Hmm...
10

11. Autoscaling
Amazon S3
Amazon DynamoDB
Amazon ELB (Elastic Load Balancing)
Amazon Glacier
Amazon EB (Elastic Beanstalk)
Etc.
11

12. 03
EC2 Autoscaling
Automatically scale out EC2
within ELB
(old version)
12

13. Get the AS Command Line Tools:
aws.amazon.com/developertools/2535
1) Launch config:AMI to be used
2) Autoscaling group: where/how to launch
3) Autoscaling policy: what should AS do?
4) Autoscaling trigger: what will activate AS
13
AutoScaling (AS):
Four main components
13

14. 14
AutoScaling tools
14

15. 15
CloudWatch API Tools
15

16. FILE: ec2.bat
@echo off
set EC2_HOME=c:ec2
set PATH=%PATH%;%EC2_HOME%bin
set JAVA_HOME=C:Program FilesJavajre6
"%JAVA_HOME%binjava" -version
set JAVA_HOME=C:Program Files (x86)Javajre6 (Windows 7)
set EC2_PRIVATE_KEY=c:ec2PrivateKey.pem
set EC2_CERT=c:ec2509Certificate.pem
set AWS_AUTO_SCALING_HOME=c:ec2AutoScaling
set AWS_CLOUDWATCH_HOME=c:ec2CloudWatch
set PATH=%PATH%;%AWS_AUTO_SCALING_HOME%bin;%AWS_CLOUDWATCH_HOME%bin
16
Windows setup
16

17. FILE: .bash_profile
export EC2_HOME=~/ec2
export PATH=$PATH:$EC2_HOME/bin
export EC2_PRIVATE_KEY=pk-[removed].pem
export EC2_CERT=cert-[removed].pem
export JAVA_HOME=/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Home/
export AWS_AUTO_SCALING_HOME=~/ec2/AutoScaling
export AWS_CLOUDWATCH_HOME=~/ec2/CloudWatch
export PATH=$PATH:$AWS_AUTO_SCALING_HOME/bin:$AWS_CLOUDWATCH_HOME/bin
17
Linux setup
17

18. % as-version
Amazon AutoScaling CLI version 1.0.61.3 (API 2011-01-01)
18
Test if it works
18

19. STEP 1: Create Launch Config
as-create-launch-config LC1 --image-id ami-31814f58 --instance-type m1.small
[--region us-east-1] --group SG
STEP 2:Autoscaling with ELB
as-create-auto-scaling-group ASG1 --launch-configuration LC1 --availability-
zones us-east-1b us-east-1c --min-size 2 --max-size 20 --load-balancers aws201
Check if group is created, any running EC2
as-describe-auto-scaling-groups --headers
as-describe-auto-scaling-instances --headers
19
AutoScaling + ELB
(1, 2)
19

20. Scale in EC2 instances to ZERO, if needed
as-update-auto-scaling-group ASG1 --min-size 0 --max-size 0
20
AutoScaling + ELB
“Emergency break”
20

21. STEP 3: Create Scaling Out Policy
as-put-scaling-policy SOut1 --auto-scaling-group ASG1 --adjustment=1 --type
ChangeInCapacity --cooldown 120
arn:aws:autoscaling:us-
east-1:132891460296:scalingPolicy:a4a80ac4-3e3e-46a7-9b4a-72d893803618:autoSca
lingGroupName/ASG1:policyName/SP1
21
AutoScaling + ELB
(3)
21

22. STEP 4: Create Metric Out Alarm
mon-put-metric-alarm MOutA1 --comparison-operator GreaterThanThreshold --
evaluation-periods 1 --metric-name CPUUtilization --namespace "AWS/EC2" --
period 60 --statistic Average --threshold 70 --alarm-actions
arn:aws:autoscaling:us-
east-1:132891460296:scalingPolicy:a4a80ac4-3e3e-46a7-9b4a-72d893803618:autoSca
lingGroupName/ASG1:policyName/SOut1 --dimensions "AutoScalingGroupName=ASG1"
22
AutoScaling + ELB
(4)
22

23. STEP 5: Create Scaling In Policy
as-put-scaling-policy SInP1 --auto-scaling-group ASG1 --adjustment=-1 --type
ChangeInCapacity --cooldown 120
arn:aws:autoscaling:us-east-1:132891460296:scalingPolicy:5ddb0046-a571-417f-
b025-4268baf9d860:autoScalingGroupName/ASG1:policyName/SInP1
If you are using Windows, wrap the --adjustment parameter in quotation marks:
"--adjustment=-1".
23
AutoScaling + ELB
(5)
23

24. STEP 6: Create Metric In Alarm
mon-put-metric-alarm MInA1 --comparison-operator LessThanThreshold --
evaluation-periods 1 --metric-name CPUUtilization --namespace "AWS/EC2" --
period 60 --statistic Average --threshold 30 --alarm-actions
arn:aws:autoscaling:us-east-1:132891460296:scalingPolicy:5ddb0046-a571-417f-
b025-4268baf9d860:autoScalingGroupName/ASG1:policyName/SInP1 --dimensions
"AutoScalingGroupName=ASG1"
24
AutoScaling + ELB
(6)
24

25. #!/bin/bash
aws_instance=$(wget -q -O- http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-
id)
aws_region=$(wget -q -O- http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/hostname)
aws_region=${aws_region#*.}
aws_region=${aws_region%%.*}
aws_zone=`ec2-describe-instances $aws_instance --region $aws_region`
aws_zone=`expr match "$aws_zone" ".*($aws_region[a-z])"`
print "Instance: $aws_instance<br>Region: $aws_region<br>Availability Zone:
$aws_zone<br><br>END" > index.html
25
Script you can use
within each EC2 instance, at boot
25

26. 03
EC2 Autoscaling
Automatically scale out EC2
within ELB
(NEW version)
26

27. 27

28. 04
EC2 metadata
How to get details related to
the EC2 machine that I’m
running (PHP)
28

29. 29

30. 30

31. 05
VPC + Cloudformation
Using CF to create a 3-
tier architecture within
VPC.
(first steps)
31

32. {
"AWSTemplateFormatVersion" : "2010-09-09",
! "Description": "Creates a Multi-AZ VPC with subnets for a three tier architecture",
! "Parameters" : {
! ! "VpcCidr" : {
! ! ! "Description" : "CIDR for the VPC",
! ! ! "Type" : "String",
! ! ! "MinLength": "9",
! ! ! "MaxLength": "18",
! ! ! "Default" : "10.0.0.0/16",
! ! ! "AllowedPattern" : "(d{1,3}).(d{1,3}).(d{1,3}).(d{1,3})/(
d{1,2})",
! ! ! "ConstraintDescription" : "must be a valid CIDR range of the form x.x.x.x/
x."
! ! }
},
! "Resources" : {
"VPC" : {
"Type" : "AWS::EC2::VPC",
"Properties" : {
"CidrBlock" : {"Ref" : "VpcCidr"},
"Tags" : [
{"Key" : "Application", "Value" : {"Ref" : "AWS::StackId"} }
]
}
}
! }
}
32

33. {
"AWSTemplateFormatVersion" : "2010-09-09",
! "Description": "Creates a Multi-AZ VPC with subnets for a three tier architecture",
! "Parameters" : {
! ! "VpcCidr" : {
! ! ! "Description" : "CIDR for the VPC",
! ! ! "Type" : "String",
! ! ! "MinLength": "9",
! ! ! "MaxLength": "18",
! ! ! "Default" : "10.0.0.0/16",
! ! ! "AllowedPattern" : "(d{1,3}).(d{1,3}).(d{1,3}).(d{1,3})/(
d{1,2})",
! ! ! "ConstraintDescription" : "must be a valid CIDR range of the form x.x.x.x/
x."
! ! }
},
! "Resources" : {
"VPC" : {
"Type" : "AWS::EC2::VPC",
"Properties" : {
"CidrBlock" : {"Ref" : "VpcCidr"},
"Tags" : [
{"Key" : "Application", "Value" : {"Ref" : "AWS::StackId"} }
]
}
}
! }
}
Do you hate me?
Too small?
33

34. {
"AWSTemplateFormatVersion" : "2010-09-09",
! "Description": "Creates a Multi-AZ VPC with subnets for a three tier architecture",
! "Parameters" : {
! ! "VpcCidr" : {
! ! ! "Description" : "CIDR for the VPC",
! ! ! "Type" : "String",
! ! ! "MinLength": "9",
! ! ! "MaxLength": "18",
! ! ! "Default" : "10.0.0.0/16",
! ! ! "AllowedPattern" : "(d{1,3}).(d{1,3}).(d{1,3}).(d{1,3})/(
d{1,2})",
! ! ! "ConstraintDescription" : "must be a valid CIDR range of the form x.x.x.x/
x."
! ! }
},
! "Resources" : {
"VPC" : {
"Type" : "AWS::EC2::VPC",
"Properties" : {
"CidrBlock" : {"Ref" : "VpcCidr"},
"Tags" : [
{"Key" : "Application", "Value" : {"Ref" : "AWS::StackId"} }
]
}
}
! }
}
34

35. {
"AWSTemplateFormatVersion" : "2010-09-09",
! "Description": "Creates a Multi-AZ VPC with subnets for a three tier architecture",
! "Parameters" : {
! ! "VpcCidr" : {
! ! ! "Description" : "CIDR for the VPC",
! ! ! "Type" : "String",
! ! ! "MinLength": "9",
! ! ! "MaxLength": "18",
! ! ! "Default" : "10.0.0.0/16",
! ! ! "AllowedPattern" : "(d{1,3}).(d{1,3}).(d{1,3}).(d{1,3})/(
d{1,2})",
! ! ! "ConstraintDescription" : "must be a valid CIDR range of the form x.x.x.x/
x."
! ! }
},
! "Resources" : {
"VPC" : {
"Type" : "AWS::EC2::VPC",
"Properties" : {
"CidrBlock" : {"Ref" : "VpcCidr"},
"Tags" : [
{"Key" : "Application", "Value" : {"Ref" : "AWS::StackId"} }
]
}
}
! }
}
35

36. cfn-create-stack CustomerLittleNetwork --tag
"Key=env; Value=temp" --template-file
stack_cfn_learn_001_vpc_step1.template
cfn-describe-stacks
cfn-describe-stacks CustomerLittleNetwork
cfn-list-stack-resources CustomerLittleNetwork
36

37. 37

38. 38

39. cfn-update-stack CustomerLittleNetwork
--template-file
stack_cfn_learn_001_vpc_step2.template
cfn-describe-stacks CustomerLittleNetwork
cfn-list-stack-resources CustomerLittleNetwork
39

40. {
"AWSTemplateFormatVersion" : "2010-09-09",
! "Description": "Creates a Multi-AZ VPC
with subnets for a three tier architecture",
! "Parameters" : {
! ! "VpcCidr" : {
40

41. "Parameters" : {
! ! "VpcCidr" : {
! ! ! "Description" : "CIDR for the VPC",
! ! ! "Type" : "String",
! ! ! "MinLength": "9",
! ! ! "MaxLength": "18",
! ! ! "Default" : "10.0.0.0/16",
! ! ! "AllowedPattern" : "(d{1,3}).(
d{1,3}).(d{1,3}).(d{1,3})/(d{1,2})",
! ! ! "ConstraintDescription" : "must be a
valid CIDR range of the form x.x.x.x/x."
! ! },
41

42. ! ! "PublicSubnetCidrA" : {
! ! ! "Description" : "Subnet for public
resources in the first AZ",
! ! ! "Type" : "String",
! ! ! "MinLength": "9",
! ! ! "MaxLength": "18",
! ! ! "Default" : "10.0.1.0/24",
! ! ! "AllowedPattern" : "(d{1,3}).(
d{1,3}).(d{1,3}).(d{1,3})/(d{1,2})",
! ! ! "ConstraintDescription" : "must be a
valid CIDR range of the form x.x.x.x/x."
! ! },
42

43. 43

44. 06
CloudFormer
CloudFormation
templates from an
existing deployment
44

45. 45

46. 07
Custom errors
Enabling custom error
pages on CloudFront
46

47. 47

48. 48

49. 49

50. 08
ZFS on Amazon EC2
How to install and run
ZFS on Amazon EC2
(yes, you can!)
Thanks to:
Constantin Gonzalez
Dougal Ballantyne
(demo coming soon)
50

51. What is ZFS?
ZFS is a file system + logical volume manager.
Features:
- protection against data corruption
- support for high storage capacities
- integration of filesystem and volume management
- snapshots and copy-on-write clones
- continuous integrity checking and automatic repair
- RAID-Z
- native NFSv4 ACLs.
OpenZFS is an Open Source implementation of it.
51

52. How can I use it?
Launch an EC2 instance with an AMI which supports
ZFS.
1) Linux
2) OmniOS (native ZFS support based on a fork of the
original OpenSolaris project that open-sourced ZFS)
3) FreeBSD (native ZFS support based on a port of the
OpenSolaris ZFS code)
52

53. 1) Linux
Linux AMI:
https://aws.amazon.com/amazon-linux-ami/
http://zfsonlinux.org/
53

54. 2) OmniOS
54

55. 3) FreeBSD
55

56. And now what?
It works the same as with any other hardware
platform:
1) Attach a few EBS volumes to your EC2 instance;
2) use them as you would use regular disks with ZFS
An example follows.
56

57. $ sudo modprobe zfs
[attach 3 EBS volumes to the instance]
$ sudo zpool create test raidz sdf sdg sdh
$ sudo zpool status
pool: test
state: ONLINE
scan: none requested
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
test ONLINE 0 0 0
raidz1-0 ONLINE 0 0 0
sdf ONLINE 0 0 0
sdg ONLINE 0 0 0
sdh ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors
57

58. $ mount
/dev/xvda1 on / type ext4 (rw,noatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
test on /test type zfs (rw,xattr)
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1 7.9G 1.6G 6.3G 20% /
tmpfs 15G 0 15G 0% /dev/shm
test 196G 0 196G 0% /test
58

59. What can I do with ZFS?
Many things! Here’s one example:
Use an EBS Provisioned IOPS volumes as ZFS cache
and log (ZIL) devices to accelerate your zpools.
This works much like you would use SSDs in the real
world to accelerate ZFS reads and writes.
For instance, you could provision an EBS volume with
1000 IOPS and use it as a ZIL device for your zpool in
order to accelerate database writes.
59

60. Learn more
http://pthree.org/2012/04/17/install-zfs-on-debian-
gnulinux/
60

61. 09
Extra stuff
Friends, nice people,
cool things, etc.
61

62. 62

63. 63

64. 64

65. 65

66. 66

67. Thank
you!
67

68. Simone Brunozzi
Sr. Technology Evangelist, AWS
@simon
things
you don’t know about
Amazon Web Services5
68