The document outlines key elements of a fire prevention program including process hazard analysis, risk analysis, inspection of fire protection equipment, handling of equipment impairments, emergency response procedures, and other topics. It provides details on each element and discusses specific requirements and best practices to implement an effective fire prevention program.
AIGA TP 06_06 Work Permit System_reformated Jan 12.pptAhmadNadzir4
1. The document describes a work permit system which consists of standard procedures to ensure potentially hazardous routine and non-routine work is carried out safely.
2. A work permit specifies the work to be done, authorizes its start, and requires agreement of all concerned parties after reviewing safety measures.
3. A work permit is required for work involving hazards like oxygen deficiency, fires, chemicals, or confined spaces and for non-routine, hazardous routine works or those done by contractors.
1) Production and maintenance supervisors play a key role in plant safety management by overseeing staff, equipment, work conditions, and responding immediately to safety issues.
2) Supervisors must ensure operations follow written procedures and personnel are properly trained. They provide daily updates on plant operations and procedures which are essential for efficient and reliable system management.
3) Supervisors participate in risk identification and integrity programs to reduce equipment failure and hazardous releases. They evaluate human and ergonomic factors and provide tips to reduce risks.
This document discusses work permit systems and their importance for safety. It outlines the key aspects that work permits address like nature of work, equipment, location, hazards. Work permits are used to authorize specific jobs in defined areas and times. They aim to prevent accidents by clearly identifying responsibilities and hazards. The document also discusses types of work permits for hot work, confined space entry, excavation and their associated precautions to minimize risks.
This document outlines the phases of an energy audit process. It discusses 3 phases - preparing for the audit, the facility inspection, and implementation. In phase 1, the auditor gathers data on the facility including analyzing energy bills, weather data, facility layout, operating hours and equipment. Tools and safety considerations are also addressed. Phase 2 involves an introductory meeting, interviews, an initial walkthrough tour and gathering detailed data on the facility's energy systems. Phase 3 is when recommendations are implemented.
The document discusses various topics related to process plant safety including material handling safety, chemical plant design, piping and instrumentation diagrams, control systems, alarms, equipment and piping design, passive and active protections, emergency shutdown systems, and inherent safety techniques. It provides details on factors to consider for safe material handling, guidelines for chemical plant layout and design, symbols used in P&IDs, designing alarm and control systems, and methods to build safety into chemical plant design.
This document provides details about safety precautions during a planned annual turnaround (ATR) scheduled for March 2009 at KRIBHCO SHYAM Fertiliser Ltd's ammonia and urea plants. It outlines major jobs like equipment replacement and repairs to be completed during the 19.5 day shutdown. Planning processes for the ATR include developing job lists, assessing risks, scheduling contractor work, and ensuring availability of materials, tools and trained workers. Safety systems such as work permits, observer programs and emergency response arrangements will be reinforced during the shutdown. Procedures for isolating and purging equipment, inspection checklists and startup testing are also part of the ATR process.
Process safety aims to prevent incidents involving hazardous materials that could endanger workers, property, and the environment. It involves applying engineering and operating practices to control hazards. Key elements of process safety management include process hazard analysis, operating procedures, employee participation, training, contractor management, pre-startup safety reviews, mechanical integrity programs, emergency response planning, compliance audits, and incident investigation. The goal is to anticipate, identify, evaluate, and control hazards to protect people and prevent accidents.
IBM Maximo HSE Solution Presentation.pdfPhanThnh52
The document provides an overview of Maximo Health, Safety and Environment Manager (HSE). It discusses how Maximo HSE can help companies manage risks in high-risk industries through integrated processes for risk assessment, permit to work, and work management. It also outlines several key capabilities of Maximo HSE like incident management, investigations, management of change, and regulatory compliance. Finally, it briefly mentions a client in Vietnam that uses Maximo HSE.
AIGA TP 06_06 Work Permit System_reformated Jan 12.pptAhmadNadzir4
1. The document describes a work permit system which consists of standard procedures to ensure potentially hazardous routine and non-routine work is carried out safely.
2. A work permit specifies the work to be done, authorizes its start, and requires agreement of all concerned parties after reviewing safety measures.
3. A work permit is required for work involving hazards like oxygen deficiency, fires, chemicals, or confined spaces and for non-routine, hazardous routine works or those done by contractors.
1) Production and maintenance supervisors play a key role in plant safety management by overseeing staff, equipment, work conditions, and responding immediately to safety issues.
2) Supervisors must ensure operations follow written procedures and personnel are properly trained. They provide daily updates on plant operations and procedures which are essential for efficient and reliable system management.
3) Supervisors participate in risk identification and integrity programs to reduce equipment failure and hazardous releases. They evaluate human and ergonomic factors and provide tips to reduce risks.
This document discusses work permit systems and their importance for safety. It outlines the key aspects that work permits address like nature of work, equipment, location, hazards. Work permits are used to authorize specific jobs in defined areas and times. They aim to prevent accidents by clearly identifying responsibilities and hazards. The document also discusses types of work permits for hot work, confined space entry, excavation and their associated precautions to minimize risks.
This document outlines the phases of an energy audit process. It discusses 3 phases - preparing for the audit, the facility inspection, and implementation. In phase 1, the auditor gathers data on the facility including analyzing energy bills, weather data, facility layout, operating hours and equipment. Tools and safety considerations are also addressed. Phase 2 involves an introductory meeting, interviews, an initial walkthrough tour and gathering detailed data on the facility's energy systems. Phase 3 is when recommendations are implemented.
The document discusses various topics related to process plant safety including material handling safety, chemical plant design, piping and instrumentation diagrams, control systems, alarms, equipment and piping design, passive and active protections, emergency shutdown systems, and inherent safety techniques. It provides details on factors to consider for safe material handling, guidelines for chemical plant layout and design, symbols used in P&IDs, designing alarm and control systems, and methods to build safety into chemical plant design.
This document provides details about safety precautions during a planned annual turnaround (ATR) scheduled for March 2009 at KRIBHCO SHYAM Fertiliser Ltd's ammonia and urea plants. It outlines major jobs like equipment replacement and repairs to be completed during the 19.5 day shutdown. Planning processes for the ATR include developing job lists, assessing risks, scheduling contractor work, and ensuring availability of materials, tools and trained workers. Safety systems such as work permits, observer programs and emergency response arrangements will be reinforced during the shutdown. Procedures for isolating and purging equipment, inspection checklists and startup testing are also part of the ATR process.
Process safety aims to prevent incidents involving hazardous materials that could endanger workers, property, and the environment. It involves applying engineering and operating practices to control hazards. Key elements of process safety management include process hazard analysis, operating procedures, employee participation, training, contractor management, pre-startup safety reviews, mechanical integrity programs, emergency response planning, compliance audits, and incident investigation. The goal is to anticipate, identify, evaluate, and control hazards to protect people and prevent accidents.
IBM Maximo HSE Solution Presentation.pdfPhanThnh52
The document provides an overview of Maximo Health, Safety and Environment Manager (HSE). It discusses how Maximo HSE can help companies manage risks in high-risk industries through integrated processes for risk assessment, permit to work, and work management. It also outlines several key capabilities of Maximo HSE like incident management, investigations, management of change, and regulatory compliance. Finally, it briefly mentions a client in Vietnam that uses Maximo HSE.
The document discusses the process of planning event infrastructure which includes identifying requirements, obtaining approvals, establishing contractors, and overseeing setup and breakdown. Key steps involve coordinating with authorities, analyzing facility needs, developing infrastructure lists, discussing with venues, issuing tenders, and monitoring construction. Policies, procedures, and performance standards help ensure safety, quality, and on-time completion.
The document discusses instrumentation, which deals with measurement and control. It defines instrumentation and describes the typical components of instruments, including sensors, signal conditioners, and output displays. It also discusses common types of measurements that instruments make, such as pressure, temperature, and voltage. The document then covers instrument operation modes, types of failures, maintenance practices like preventative maintenance and repairs, and reasons for replacing instruments like obsolete technology.
Work permit system, By Bimal Chandra Das, safety management, safety tips, sharing of safety knowledge, It is sharing of knowledge. By Bimal Chandra Das, Rtd. AGM (Safety), Bokaro Steel Plant,/ Bokaro. Kolkata
The document discusses the purpose and procedures of a work permit system. It is intended to ensure that all work is carried out safely by defining responsibilities, requiring appropriate training, and providing safety equipment. A work permit specifies the conditions and safety procedures that must be followed for particular jobs. It is required for non-routine and hazardous routine work, and when third parties are involved. A work permit must be prepared with relevant parties and approved before work begins to ensure all hazards are addressed.
Disaster Management in Libraries: Response and Recovery Operations for Water...Fe Angela Verzosa
Presented by Fe Angela M. Verzosa at PAARL's Lecture-Forum on the occasion of the 2009 National Book Week, held on November 24, 2009, at the National Library of the Philippines Auditorium, Manila
This document outlines the knowledge, skills, abilities, tasks, tools, and technology involved in operating nuclear power reactors. It includes knowledge of physics, mechanics, mathematics, and engineering. Key skills include monitoring equipment, critical thinking, and problem solving. Daily tasks involve operating and controlling reactors according to procedures, monitoring systems, recording data, and addressing any issues or emergencies. Tools include air sampling equipment, dosimeters, and control panels. Relevant software includes databases, spreadsheets, and data logging programs.
The document outlines the key elements of the OSHA Process Safety Management (PSM) Standard including:
1) The PSM standard applies to processes involving certain chemicals above threshold quantities and requires facilities to implement 14 elements to prevent accidental releases.
2) The 14 elements include procedures for employee participation, process hazard analysis, operating procedures, contractor management, emergency planning, and compliance audits.
3) The goal of the PSM standard is to ensure facilities have the necessary information to safely manage processes involving highly hazardous chemicals and prevent accidental releases.
Srinivasa Rao has over 20 years of experience in HSE roles in oil, gas and manufacturing projects. He has a diploma in Fire and Safety Engineering and is NEBOSH, OSHAS and IOSH certified. He has worked on projects in the UAE, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia and India, ensuring safety compliance and training workers. His responsibilities include conducting inspections, investigating incidents, developing safety programs, and advising on fire protection.
Slips trips and falls training presentationJohn Freel
Slips, trips and falls account for a third of serious workplace injuries and a quarter of fatalities. A risk management program including risk assessment, cleaning, inspections, and incident reporting can help address this. Slips often occur due to contamination, flooring issues, environment, footwear, or unsafe behaviors. Trips are caused by obstructions or uneven surfaces. Falls from heights commonly result from ladders, machinery, openings, or fragile surfaces. Control measures include hazard elimination, cleaning, lighting, storage, non-slip surfaces, cable management, footwear, and workplace design. Inspections and monitoring through safety sampling can identify hazards to address.
Purnell Energy Services (PES) is a construction company that provides services to the oil and gas industry. They have expanded their services beyond welding to include all construction services. PES has a health and safety program approved by Alberta Construction Safety Association that complies with occupational health and safety legislation. The document outlines PES's emergency response plan, 12 components of their health and safety program, regulations they must follow, responsibilities of employers, supervisors, and workers, and their company rules regarding safety. It also provides information on hazards like H2S gas and safe work practices.
The document discusses construction work hazards and risk control methods. It defines key terms like hazards, risks, SWMS and JSA. It outlines the legislative requirements for SWMS for high risk construction work. It describes how to prepare a SWMS, including identifying hazards, assessing risks, and determining controls using the hierarchy of control. Common construction hazards are discussed along with safety data sheets, construction methods/materials, and terminology.
The CERN-EDUSAFE meeting covered work package 3 (WP3) which focuses on studying the scalability and adaptability of hardware and software for the personal safety system module, control system, and data acquisition system. WP3 is divided into optimizing the design and integration of the personal safety system module and designing the control and data acquisition architecture to be adaptable, scalable, and meet requirements. The meeting discussed timelines, deliverables, and milestones for the project components through 2023.
This document summarizes an inspection report submitted by three students at Sarhad University of Science and IT Peshawar. The report was approved by an internal and external examiner. The abstract introduces inspections as organized examinations that involve measurements, tests and gauges to evaluate if an object meets specified requirements. Inspections can be visual, involve sensing technologies like ultrasonic testing, and be done manually or automatically. The introduction provides background on inspections and their objectives to prevent incidents and identify hazards. The literature review discusses the history of occupational health and safety standards and inspections. It also outlines advantages like detecting equipment issues and disadvantages like additional costs and training needs.
The document discusses Process Safety Management (PSM) and provides an overview of its key elements. PSM is a comprehensive management system that proactively avoids incidents in hazardous industries handling toxic chemicals. It integrates risk management across 14 elements, including employee participation, process hazard analysis, operating procedures, training, and compliance audits. The presentation aims to help organizations manage process safety risks in a more structured way.
Purnell Energy Services (PES) is a construction company that provides services to the oil and gas industry. It was formerly known as Purnell Welding but expanded its services in 2013. PES specializes in facility construction, pipeline construction, maintenance, turnarounds, and shutdowns. It has a health and safety program approved by Alberta regulations that includes policies on hazard assessment and control, safe work practices, emergency preparedness, and substance abuse. PES is committed to complying with occupational health and safety legislation and providing a safe work environment for employees.
The document provides an overview of process safety, outlining key differences from occupational safety. It describes process safety as involving the prevention of unintentional chemical releases that can seriously impact plants and the environment. The ten pillars of compliance for process safety management are then defined, including safety management systems, aging equipment, competence, safety instrumented systems, overfill prevention, containment, emergency response plans, performance indicators, and safety leadership. Major accidents that resulted from failures in management of change are also discussed.
The goal of this maintenance plan is to maintain campuses within the region that effectively represent the quality of the programs housed in its buildings. Safety, comfort, functionality, efficiency, and aesthetics are the guiding principles
This document outlines Mobile Paperboard Corp.'s dust control program. It discusses dust assessments that have been completed which found dust does not present an explosion hazard due to factors like humidity but could present a flammability issue. It describes plant assessments done to identify potential dust accumulation areas and equipment modifications made. The program also details fugitive dust control and housekeeping procedures, documentation of dust control activities, and employee training requirements on dust hazards.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
The document discusses the process of planning event infrastructure which includes identifying requirements, obtaining approvals, establishing contractors, and overseeing setup and breakdown. Key steps involve coordinating with authorities, analyzing facility needs, developing infrastructure lists, discussing with venues, issuing tenders, and monitoring construction. Policies, procedures, and performance standards help ensure safety, quality, and on-time completion.
The document discusses instrumentation, which deals with measurement and control. It defines instrumentation and describes the typical components of instruments, including sensors, signal conditioners, and output displays. It also discusses common types of measurements that instruments make, such as pressure, temperature, and voltage. The document then covers instrument operation modes, types of failures, maintenance practices like preventative maintenance and repairs, and reasons for replacing instruments like obsolete technology.
Work permit system, By Bimal Chandra Das, safety management, safety tips, sharing of safety knowledge, It is sharing of knowledge. By Bimal Chandra Das, Rtd. AGM (Safety), Bokaro Steel Plant,/ Bokaro. Kolkata
The document discusses the purpose and procedures of a work permit system. It is intended to ensure that all work is carried out safely by defining responsibilities, requiring appropriate training, and providing safety equipment. A work permit specifies the conditions and safety procedures that must be followed for particular jobs. It is required for non-routine and hazardous routine work, and when third parties are involved. A work permit must be prepared with relevant parties and approved before work begins to ensure all hazards are addressed.
Disaster Management in Libraries: Response and Recovery Operations for Water...Fe Angela Verzosa
Presented by Fe Angela M. Verzosa at PAARL's Lecture-Forum on the occasion of the 2009 National Book Week, held on November 24, 2009, at the National Library of the Philippines Auditorium, Manila
This document outlines the knowledge, skills, abilities, tasks, tools, and technology involved in operating nuclear power reactors. It includes knowledge of physics, mechanics, mathematics, and engineering. Key skills include monitoring equipment, critical thinking, and problem solving. Daily tasks involve operating and controlling reactors according to procedures, monitoring systems, recording data, and addressing any issues or emergencies. Tools include air sampling equipment, dosimeters, and control panels. Relevant software includes databases, spreadsheets, and data logging programs.
The document outlines the key elements of the OSHA Process Safety Management (PSM) Standard including:
1) The PSM standard applies to processes involving certain chemicals above threshold quantities and requires facilities to implement 14 elements to prevent accidental releases.
2) The 14 elements include procedures for employee participation, process hazard analysis, operating procedures, contractor management, emergency planning, and compliance audits.
3) The goal of the PSM standard is to ensure facilities have the necessary information to safely manage processes involving highly hazardous chemicals and prevent accidental releases.
Srinivasa Rao has over 20 years of experience in HSE roles in oil, gas and manufacturing projects. He has a diploma in Fire and Safety Engineering and is NEBOSH, OSHAS and IOSH certified. He has worked on projects in the UAE, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia and India, ensuring safety compliance and training workers. His responsibilities include conducting inspections, investigating incidents, developing safety programs, and advising on fire protection.
Slips trips and falls training presentationJohn Freel
Slips, trips and falls account for a third of serious workplace injuries and a quarter of fatalities. A risk management program including risk assessment, cleaning, inspections, and incident reporting can help address this. Slips often occur due to contamination, flooring issues, environment, footwear, or unsafe behaviors. Trips are caused by obstructions or uneven surfaces. Falls from heights commonly result from ladders, machinery, openings, or fragile surfaces. Control measures include hazard elimination, cleaning, lighting, storage, non-slip surfaces, cable management, footwear, and workplace design. Inspections and monitoring through safety sampling can identify hazards to address.
Purnell Energy Services (PES) is a construction company that provides services to the oil and gas industry. They have expanded their services beyond welding to include all construction services. PES has a health and safety program approved by Alberta Construction Safety Association that complies with occupational health and safety legislation. The document outlines PES's emergency response plan, 12 components of their health and safety program, regulations they must follow, responsibilities of employers, supervisors, and workers, and their company rules regarding safety. It also provides information on hazards like H2S gas and safe work practices.
The document discusses construction work hazards and risk control methods. It defines key terms like hazards, risks, SWMS and JSA. It outlines the legislative requirements for SWMS for high risk construction work. It describes how to prepare a SWMS, including identifying hazards, assessing risks, and determining controls using the hierarchy of control. Common construction hazards are discussed along with safety data sheets, construction methods/materials, and terminology.
The CERN-EDUSAFE meeting covered work package 3 (WP3) which focuses on studying the scalability and adaptability of hardware and software for the personal safety system module, control system, and data acquisition system. WP3 is divided into optimizing the design and integration of the personal safety system module and designing the control and data acquisition architecture to be adaptable, scalable, and meet requirements. The meeting discussed timelines, deliverables, and milestones for the project components through 2023.
This document summarizes an inspection report submitted by three students at Sarhad University of Science and IT Peshawar. The report was approved by an internal and external examiner. The abstract introduces inspections as organized examinations that involve measurements, tests and gauges to evaluate if an object meets specified requirements. Inspections can be visual, involve sensing technologies like ultrasonic testing, and be done manually or automatically. The introduction provides background on inspections and their objectives to prevent incidents and identify hazards. The literature review discusses the history of occupational health and safety standards and inspections. It also outlines advantages like detecting equipment issues and disadvantages like additional costs and training needs.
The document discusses Process Safety Management (PSM) and provides an overview of its key elements. PSM is a comprehensive management system that proactively avoids incidents in hazardous industries handling toxic chemicals. It integrates risk management across 14 elements, including employee participation, process hazard analysis, operating procedures, training, and compliance audits. The presentation aims to help organizations manage process safety risks in a more structured way.
Purnell Energy Services (PES) is a construction company that provides services to the oil and gas industry. It was formerly known as Purnell Welding but expanded its services in 2013. PES specializes in facility construction, pipeline construction, maintenance, turnarounds, and shutdowns. It has a health and safety program approved by Alberta regulations that includes policies on hazard assessment and control, safe work practices, emergency preparedness, and substance abuse. PES is committed to complying with occupational health and safety legislation and providing a safe work environment for employees.
The document provides an overview of process safety, outlining key differences from occupational safety. It describes process safety as involving the prevention of unintentional chemical releases that can seriously impact plants and the environment. The ten pillars of compliance for process safety management are then defined, including safety management systems, aging equipment, competence, safety instrumented systems, overfill prevention, containment, emergency response plans, performance indicators, and safety leadership. Major accidents that resulted from failures in management of change are also discussed.
The goal of this maintenance plan is to maintain campuses within the region that effectively represent the quality of the programs housed in its buildings. Safety, comfort, functionality, efficiency, and aesthetics are the guiding principles
This document outlines Mobile Paperboard Corp.'s dust control program. It discusses dust assessments that have been completed which found dust does not present an explosion hazard due to factors like humidity but could present a flammability issue. It describes plant assessments done to identify potential dust accumulation areas and equipment modifications made. The program also details fugitive dust control and housekeeping procedures, documentation of dust control activities, and employee training requirements on dust hazards.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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4. An audit is a systematic, independent review to verify
conformance with established guidelines or standards
An audit uses a well-defined review process to ensure
consistency and allow the auditor to reach
conclusions
An audit evaluates the procedures, operations, and
activities performed in the management and
execution of a program in order to verify conformity
to established criteria
to provide feedback to management and those
responsible for the status of the audited program
5. layout and spacing as a key means of
preventing the spread of fires
All site buildings and structures are
constructed of noncombustible materials,
particularly exteriors and structural support
systems.
Control rooms, operating offices, and their
occupants are separated from potential
hazardous processing areas.
6. Storage of large volumes of flammable or
combustible materials is separated from high
value operating or processing areas and
personnel occupancies.
Fire process heaters and boilers, incinerators,
flares, and other equipment with flame burners
are located at an appropriate distance from high
value operating or processing areas, large
volume storage of flammable or combustible
materials, control rooms, operating offices, and
their occupants.
7. A fundamental element of fire prevention
The process should be designed, installed,
and operated to minimize or prevent the
release or spill of flammable gases, liquids, or
combustible dusts
eliminate or control ignition sources
8. Electrical area classification
Control of personal ignition sources
Control of hot work
Control of static electricity
9. National ElectricCode (NFPA 70) divides
hazardous locations into three classes
according to the nature of the hazard:
Class I Flammable Liquids and Gases
Class II Combustible Dusts
Class III Easily Ignitable Fibers and Flyings
10. These ignition sources include any material,
object, or device that is potentially or capable
of producing a spark.
Pagers
cellular phones
personal digital assistants (PDAs)
personal radios
music players
12. Open flame of a torch used for heating or
thawing process lines
Torch cutting
Welding
Improperly applied electric arc welding
grounding clamps
Molten slag or metal that flows from the work
piece
Improperly handled soldering iron or propane
torch
Grinding sparks that fly from the work
Electric motor-powered hand tools
13. Portable heaters
Forklift trucks or other industrial powered vehicles
not rated or classified for use in a potentially
hazardous area
Vacuum tank trucks removing spilled
flammable/combustible material
Roofing installation or repair using hot-mopped
asphalt or using openflame
heating devices to seal roofing sheet membrane
seams
Diesel engines need to be remotely sited or
provided with flame arrestors, insulation on hot
surfaces/exhausts
14. Control of hazards related to portable
equipment and hot work requires developing
and maintaining a comprehensive hot work
procedure
Assigned responsibility for the program
A permit system requiring:
Job site to be inspected before work begins
Testing for the presence of flammable vapors and
inspection for combustible materials
Personal protective equipment appropriate to the job
15. Additional temporary protections, e.g., a
firewatch with fire extinguisher
A time limit for the duration of the permit
Signed approval by a designated authorized
person
Close-out of work permit
Training of personnel
Providing/maintaining necessary equipment,
e.g., flammable vapor detectors
Auditing and periodic review of program.
16. Flow of liquids in piping
Pneumatic conveying of dusts, powders, or particulates
Splash or free-fall filling of tanks, vessels, or containers
Mixing and blending of powders
Use of wet steam
Moving nonconductive rubber belts, e.g., conveyors or
drive belts
Personnel wearing nonconductive shoes
Static generated by clothing
Atmospheric lighting strikes
Stray electrical currents from faulty equipment,
improperly applied electric welding leads, or other sources
17. to provide knowledge of process operations
and job execution skills is an important
aspect of incident and fire prevention
execute fire protection tasks
18.
19. poor housekeeping contributes to an increased
frequency of loss and greater loss potential
Greater continuity of combustibles that makes fire
spread easier and increases the area of involvement.
Impaired ingress and egress.
Increased overall combustible loading that provides
more fuel to feed a fire and can increase the severity
of the fire.
Increased potential for severe secondary dust
explosions when dust accumulates.
Increased probability of fire.
Increased probability of spontaneous ignition in
residue accumulations or thick dust layers.
20. Clean environment and conditions free from
combustible fuel which can potentially ignited
Do not put flammable materials in the trash bin
Placement of recycle bin materials (paper, cardboard)
proper placement, do not block means of escape
Corridors and stairways should be free from fuel
loads (trash bin, recycle materials bin, etc)
No combustible materials outside the recycle bin
containers
21. Accidents cause:
Serious injury to personnel
Significant damage to property
Adverse environmental impact
A major interruption of process operations
A facility’s incident investigation process should
be based on a documented procedure defining
the goals and requirements of incident
investigations and providing detailed steps
outlining how incident investigations will be
performed and reported
22. The facility Incident Investigation Procedure
should clearly establish the process,
responsibilities, and accountability for
incident investigations
23. Inherent or Intrinsic—eliminating the hazard by
using materials and process conditions that are
nonhazardous (e.g., substituting water for a
flammable solvent).
Passive—eliminating or minimizing the hazard by
process and equipment design features that do
not eliminate the hazard, but do reduce either
the frequency or consequence of the hazard
without the need for any device to function
actively (e.g., the use of higher pressure-rated
equipment).
24. Active—using controls, safety interlocks, and
emergency shutdown systems to detect
potentially hazardous process deviations and
take corrective action.These are commonly
referred to as engineering controls.
Procedural—using operating procedures,
administrative checks, emergency response, and
other management approaches to prevent
incidents or to minimize the effects of an
incident.These are commonly referred to as
administrative controls.
25. Overall plant-wide maintenance is an
element of fire prevention
It is shared with the business need to
maintain the production process, as well as
with Process Safety Management and other
health, safety, and environmental programs
26. Change in key indicators, i.e., mean time
between failure, overdue inspections, reduced
equipment availability
Frequent or temporary repairs
Process leaks, releases, and spills
Missing covers on equipment
Electrical panels left open
Insulation left off after maintenance
Unpainted rusting pipework and structural metal
Nonfunctional gauges and instruments
27. High ratio of preventive to repair maintenance
work
A maintenance organization with leadership
that can implement and support an effective
maintenance program and appropriately trained
personnel who will consistently “do the job right
the first time, on time.”
An ongoing risk analysis and risk ranking system
that focuses and supports maintenance program
needs.
28. Risk-based maintenance priorities that ensure
sufficient resources are applied to items
identified as high risk (critical equipment).
Clear management support and commitment
for critical equipment maintenance, testing, and
inspection, since these activities often require
production downtime in order to be performed.
Written procedures to describe how critical
equipment maintenance will be performed,
quality-controlled, and safety-ensured, such as
use of decontamination, hot work, line-
breaking, and lockout/tagout procedures.
29. An efficient work order system that provides
adequate description of work to be performed, the
parts required, and the procedures to be followed.
This work order system should also document
completed work information in equipment history
files.
Controls and sign-offs in the work order system that
ensure Management of Change procedures are
followed.
Precautions and practices to ensure that equipment
worked on has been restored to its normal conditions
before it is returned to service.
30. A maintenance information system that details
equipment and component maintenance scope
and frequency, documents work completed, and
provides feedback on maintenance program
effectiveness.
Controls and surveillance procedures that
ensure contractor-performed work also adheres
to all facility health, safety, and environmental,
and loss prevention programs.
31. Management of Change (MOC) procedures
ensure that changes and modifications to
operations receive appropriate review and
approval before implementation
to ensure that proposed changes are analyzed
for their possible impact on fire prevention
review of potential hazards
Approval by a designated person or function
with fire prevention and protection
responsibility.
32. Materials Hazard Identification and
information gathering is an essential element
of fire prevention
Materials Hazard Identification program
requires knowledge of a material’s toxicity
and reactivity, as well as flammability
33. Assign responsibility for the program to determine
the physical and chemical properties of each material
handled at the facility.
Collect available information, evaluate the hazardous
properties, and identify the relative hazard levels of
each substance and any necessary handling
precautions.
Identify those potentially hazardous materials for
which important properties are unknown and conduct
appropriate material hazards evaluation tests.
Distribute material hazard information and handling
precautions to employees, emergency response
organization, and others as appropriate.
34. Facilities should obtain data about a
substance from the chemical manufacturers’
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) or from
other published sources
material brought onsite by contractors
35. Provide notification of emergency events
Can be used manually by people observing
the emergency
Can automatically activate protection
systems
Notify those onsite of an emergency and
communicate actions to take
Provide surveillance of the facility for fire
Notify offsite emergency response
organizations
NFPA 72, NFPA 101
36. A continuously manned location for receiving
and acting on reported incidents and
emergencies.
Automated detection and protection systems to
signal at an offsite central alarm station service
for continuous monitoring.
A reporting system for personnel to report
incidents and emergencies to the manned
station.This could include an “alarm pull-box”
system, plant telephones, or radios.
37. An alarm system for notifying personnel of an
emergency in progress and for communicating
action required, such as information only,
shelter-in-place, or evacuate.This could include
bells, sirens, whistles, horns, or public address
systems.
A documented procedure for periodically and
systematically testing the reporting and alarm
systems to confirm their functionality.
Assurance of an acceptable level of surveillance
for the facility by appropriate resources,
procedures, and facility design features.
38. Perimeter fences with anti-climbing features
Adequate illumination of perimeter and key
areas at night
Locked gates at road and railroad entrances
Surveillance video cameras at gates,
perimeters, and strategic locations
Guard/security personnel sufficient to staff a
central station and provide routine checks at
key points in the facility
Motion detectors