2. CONSCIOUSNESS
It is a state of being that has
two important aspects:-
ā¢ Wakefulness
ā¢ Awareness
self
environment
time
3. āUnconsciousness is defined as when a
person is unable to respond to people
and activities often this is called as
coma or being in a comatosed stateā
OR
āUnconsciousness is defined as the state
in which a patient is totally unaware of
both self and external surroundings and
unable to respond meaningfully to an
external stimuliā
DEFINITION :-
5. STRUCTURAL
LESIONS:-
This is caused when a pressure is placed on
the brain stem or on the structures within
the posterior cranial fossa including the
cerebellum,midbrain,pons and the
medulla.This may be caused when there is:-
ā¢ Brain tumors
ā¢ Head trauma
ā¢ Stroke
ā¢ Assault,falls or accident
6. METABOLIC
DISORDERS:-
This is caused when there is impairement in
wakefulness and awareness by
reducing the supply of oxygen and glucose
and further altering other cerebral and
metabolic processes
and can occur in:-
7. CONDITIONS:-
1. Hypoxia
2. Blood loss
3. High altitudes
4. Carbon monoxide poisoning
5. Seizures
6. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
7. Infections
9. Impending communication within the
brain and to different parts of the
body
Cerebral edema
Increase or decrease in the supply of
blood or CSF circulation
Various sign and symptoms
10. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS;-
ļWeakness
ļPale and moist skin
ļShallow breathing
ļDouble vision
ļApathy and irritability
ļDrooling
ļTingling and numbness in fingers and
feet's
ļHeadache and sweating
21. INTERVENTIONS:-
ā¢ ABC
ā¢ Nasal or oral airway must be inserted
ā¢ Observe airway for obstruction
ā¢ Insert ETtube if the patient is
unresponsive
ā¢ Ventilation and oxygenation
22. CONTā¦.
ā¢ Proper BP maintainance
ā¢ Check level of
consciousness
ā¢ Observe improvement in
GCS scale
ā¢ Pupil charting
ā¢ Fluid and electrolyte
balance
ā¢ Investigations
23. PHARMACOLOGICAL
MANAGEMENT
ā¢ Vasoactive drugs;-
These are the drugs to maintain BP
eg;-dopamine
,dobutamine,phenylephrine
ā¢ Anticonvulsants;-
These enhance the GABA reception
in brain eg;-
diazepam,lorazepam,phenytoin and
phenobarbitone
ā¢ Diuretics:-
These promote shifting of extra
cellular fluid back to plasma eg:-
Mannitol and glyvin
24. Contdā¦ā¦
ā¢ Antihypertensive;-
These act by decreasing the peripheral
resistance and BP eg:-
amlodipine,nifedipine,losartan
ā¢ Antibiotics:-
These act to inhibit the bacterial cell wall
Syntheses eg:- amoxycillin,ciprofloxacin,
Amikacin
ā¢ antipyretics
ā¢ IV fluids
25. NURSING
MANAGEMENT
GOAL:-
The main goal of nursing management
is to prevent complications
ASSESSMENT:-
ā¢ Airway
ā¢ Neurological status
ā¢ Vital signs
ā¢ ICP
ā¢ Pupils
26. NURSING DIAGNOSIS:-
1. Ineffective airway clearance
related to loss of gag reflex:
ļ¶ Head end elevated
ļ¶ Proper chest physiotherapy
followed by suctioning
ļ¶ Monitoring of the breath
sounds
ļ¶ Oral airway insertion
27. Contdā¦ā¦
2. Fluid volume deficit related to
unconscious state;-
ļ¶ Assessment of the fluid status
ļ¶ Daily weight
ļ¶ Accurate documentation
ļ¶ Lab investigations
28. Contdā¦..
3.Altered nutrition less than body
requirement related to inability to
eat and swallow;-
ļ¼Assessment of the nutritional status
ļ¼Proper enteral feedings
ļ¼Daily weight and intake/output
ļ¼Auscultation of the bowel sounds
ļ¼High protein and high calorie feeding
29. NURSING DIAGNOSIS:-
4.Impaired skin integrity related to immobility
ā¢ Provide care for all the self care needs
ā¢ Provide back care every 4hrly
ā¢ Nails should be cut short
ā¢ Positioning every 2hrly
ā¢ Air mattress should be provided to the
patient
30.
31. RECAPTULISATION
TRUE/FALSE:-
1. Unconsciousness is a symptom and not
a disease?
2. It is caused by structural lesions and
metabolic disorders?
3. There is no change in the pupillary
reactions?
4. Respiratory failure is not associated
complication of unconsciousness?