Once I accidentally met Wordsworth poem " Daffodils » («Daffodils»). I liked it , and I wanted to know more about the life and work of the poet , as well as the poem. This speech will go further in my work.
This document provides an overview of the major periods and movements in British literature from Old English to modern times. It summarizes key authors and works from each era, including Beowulf, Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare, John Milton, Daniel Defoe, Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Oscar Wilde, Virginia Woolf, George Orwell, and others. The document also briefly discusses genres like poetry, novels, plays, and introduces concepts like realism, modernism, and absurdism.
The document provides an overview of various literary genres, traditions, and forms from different cultures and time periods around the world. It discusses epic poems, sonnets, drama, and novels in English literature. It then summarizes literary works and periods in languages and cultures including Old English, Middle English, Elizabethan, Romantic, Victorian, and 20th century English literature as well as American, European, Latin American, Asian, Chinese, Japanese, and Indian literature. Key authors and works are mentioned for each region and time period.
The Elizabethan era in English history was marked by the reign of Queen Elizabeth I from 1558 to 1603. This period is often depicted as a golden age and cultural flowering. Literature, theatre, and poetry thrived under royal patronage. William Shakespeare was the most famous playwright of this era, along with other notable writers like Christopher Marlowe, Edmund Spenser, and Ben Jonson. Shakespeare's works like his sonnets and plays had a profound influence on English literature during this time.
This document provides an overview of 18th century English literature, focusing on major authors and works from the period known as the Age of Samuel Johnson. It discusses Johnson's influential contributions as a poet, essayist, and lexicographer. It also summarizes the works and significance of three major Irish authors from the period: Oliver Goldsmith, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, and Laurence Sterne. Additionally, it examines the rise of sentimentalism in 18th century poetry and prose fiction.
English writers from the 16th to the 18th centuriesAbiDamiRo
English literature from the 16th to 18th centuries was influenced by social contexts and saw developments in genres and styles. Notable writers from this period include Shakespeare, who mastered English language and style and composed plays in blank verse, and Milton, whose works reflected political issues of his day. Satire became popular with writers like Swift and Pope, as did fiction with Defoe's Robinson Crusoe and exploration of themes previously forbidden like sexuality. Overall, this period was one of growth and change as new forms like the novel emerged.
The Renaissance period saw a revival of learning in Europe following the Middle Ages. Greek scholars fled Constantinople after its fall and spread Greek manuscripts, enlightening Western minds. This led to new discoveries and a focus on humanity. In England, the Renaissance spirit was strongest during the Elizabethan period. Writers like Shakespeare produced great works of drama and poetry focusing on human qualities and individuality. This was inspired by humanism and the rediscovery of classical works. The Renaissance marked a transition between the medieval worldview and modern thought.
This document summarizes the major periods of the English Renaissance from 1500-1660. It describes the Early Tudor Age from 1500-1557 as a time when Renaissance ideas replaced those of the Middle Ages in England. The Elizabethan Age from 1558-1603 saw a golden age of English literature under Queen Elizabeth I, including the works of Shakespeare, Spenser, and Jonson. The Jacobean Age from 1603-1625 continued this period of drama and poetry during the reign of King James I. The document then briefly outlines the Caroline Age from 1625-1642 and the Commonwealth Interregnum from 1649-1660.
This document provides an overview of the course "English Literature" by outlining its definition, methodology, requirements, and then summarizing the history and key works of English literature from the Old English period to the 20th century in 8 parts. It covers major authors like Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, Austen, Dickens and movements like the Renaissance, Romanticism. The goal is to introduce students to the scope of English literature and some of its most important texts and time periods.
This document provides an overview of the major periods and movements in British literature from Old English to modern times. It summarizes key authors and works from each era, including Beowulf, Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare, John Milton, Daniel Defoe, Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Oscar Wilde, Virginia Woolf, George Orwell, and others. The document also briefly discusses genres like poetry, novels, plays, and introduces concepts like realism, modernism, and absurdism.
The document provides an overview of various literary genres, traditions, and forms from different cultures and time periods around the world. It discusses epic poems, sonnets, drama, and novels in English literature. It then summarizes literary works and periods in languages and cultures including Old English, Middle English, Elizabethan, Romantic, Victorian, and 20th century English literature as well as American, European, Latin American, Asian, Chinese, Japanese, and Indian literature. Key authors and works are mentioned for each region and time period.
The Elizabethan era in English history was marked by the reign of Queen Elizabeth I from 1558 to 1603. This period is often depicted as a golden age and cultural flowering. Literature, theatre, and poetry thrived under royal patronage. William Shakespeare was the most famous playwright of this era, along with other notable writers like Christopher Marlowe, Edmund Spenser, and Ben Jonson. Shakespeare's works like his sonnets and plays had a profound influence on English literature during this time.
This document provides an overview of 18th century English literature, focusing on major authors and works from the period known as the Age of Samuel Johnson. It discusses Johnson's influential contributions as a poet, essayist, and lexicographer. It also summarizes the works and significance of three major Irish authors from the period: Oliver Goldsmith, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, and Laurence Sterne. Additionally, it examines the rise of sentimentalism in 18th century poetry and prose fiction.
English writers from the 16th to the 18th centuriesAbiDamiRo
English literature from the 16th to 18th centuries was influenced by social contexts and saw developments in genres and styles. Notable writers from this period include Shakespeare, who mastered English language and style and composed plays in blank verse, and Milton, whose works reflected political issues of his day. Satire became popular with writers like Swift and Pope, as did fiction with Defoe's Robinson Crusoe and exploration of themes previously forbidden like sexuality. Overall, this period was one of growth and change as new forms like the novel emerged.
The Renaissance period saw a revival of learning in Europe following the Middle Ages. Greek scholars fled Constantinople after its fall and spread Greek manuscripts, enlightening Western minds. This led to new discoveries and a focus on humanity. In England, the Renaissance spirit was strongest during the Elizabethan period. Writers like Shakespeare produced great works of drama and poetry focusing on human qualities and individuality. This was inspired by humanism and the rediscovery of classical works. The Renaissance marked a transition between the medieval worldview and modern thought.
This document summarizes the major periods of the English Renaissance from 1500-1660. It describes the Early Tudor Age from 1500-1557 as a time when Renaissance ideas replaced those of the Middle Ages in England. The Elizabethan Age from 1558-1603 saw a golden age of English literature under Queen Elizabeth I, including the works of Shakespeare, Spenser, and Jonson. The Jacobean Age from 1603-1625 continued this period of drama and poetry during the reign of King James I. The document then briefly outlines the Caroline Age from 1625-1642 and the Commonwealth Interregnum from 1649-1660.
This document provides an overview of the course "English Literature" by outlining its definition, methodology, requirements, and then summarizing the history and key works of English literature from the Old English period to the 20th century in 8 parts. It covers major authors like Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, Austen, Dickens and movements like the Renaissance, Romanticism. The goal is to introduce students to the scope of English literature and some of its most important texts and time periods.
The English language has developed over 1,400 years from Old English dialects brought by Anglo-Saxon settlers to Britain in the 5th century. Middle English emerged after the Norman conquest in the late 11th century. Early modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press. Old English literature included genres such as epic poetry, hagiography, sermons, and chronicles. After the Norman conquest in 1066, French became the standard language and Old English underwent a transition to Middle English under Norman influence. In the Middle Ages, mystery and miracle plays emerged from liturgical enactments and evolved into Elizabethan drama. The English Renaissance began in the late 15th century and the Elizabethan era was its
This document provides biographical information about several English Renaissance dramatists and poets:
- Christopher Marlowe was one of the earliest English Renaissance dramatists, known for plays like Tamburlaine the Great and Doctor Faustus. His works predate Shakespeare's.
- William Shakespeare is famously the most influential English playwright and poet. He wrote plays across many genres from the 1590s until 1613.
- Ben Jonson was a contemporary of Shakespeare's known for satirical comedies like Volpone and tragedies like Sejanus. Many of his best works were written after Queen Elizabeth's death.
- Thomas Middleton wrote comedies like A Mad World and A Trick to Catch the Old One set
The document provides a detailed overview of the history of English literature from the Anglo-Saxon period to the modern period. It summarizes the key social backgrounds, literary periods, genres, authors, and works for each historical period. Some of the major topics covered include the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf, Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales in the Medieval period, William Shakespeare's plays in the English Renaissance, John Milton's Paradise Lost in the 17th century, and modernist novels by authors like James Joyce and Virginia Woolf in the 20th century.
This document provides a summary of English literature from the Anglo-Saxon period to the Romantic period in 6 chapters. It discusses the key social backgrounds and literary works of each historical period, including important authors such as Beowulf, Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, Wordsworth and Coleridge. Key genres that developed over this timeline included epics, ballads, romances, sonnets, essays, novels, and poetry. The document also defines important literary terms and movements for each era.
The document provides an overview of the major periods in English literature from Old English to the Modern period. It summarizes the key historical events, literary movements, and important authors that defined each period, such as Beowulf in Old English, Chaucer in Middle English, Shakespeare in the Elizabethan period, and T.S. Eliot in the Modern period. Major genres and works that emerged are also mentioned for each literary time period outlined.
in this presentation, you know all about 17th-century poetry that consists of major writers of the Renaissance age, the Neo-classical age with how this age divided into three main periods, also major writers of this age.
Major Periods in English and American LiteratureJesullyna Manuel
This document provides an overview of the major periods of English and American literature from Old English to the present day. It summarizes the key characteristics, influences, and notable authors of each period, including Old English, Middle English, the Renaissance, Neoclassical, Romantic, Victorian, Realism, Modernism, and Postmodernism. The periods reflect changing philosophical perspectives and styles over time as well as the influence of historical events like the World Wars.
This document provides an overview of the major periods of English and American literature from Old English to the present day. It summarizes the key characteristics, influences, and notable authors of each period, including Old English, Middle English, the Renaissance, Neoclassical, Romantic, Victorian, Realism, Modernism, and Postmodernism. The periods reflect changing philosophical perspectives and styles over time as well as the influence of historical events like the World Wars.
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. He is widely considered the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. Shakespeare wrote plays and poems throughout his career in London starting in the early 1590s. Some of his most famous works include tragedies like Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth as well as comedies and histories. Shakespeare influenced generations of poets and playwrights with his sophisticated dramatic works and his exploration of human psychology.
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. He is widely considered the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. Shakespeare wrote plays and poems throughout his career in London starting in the early 1590s. Some of his most famous works include tragedies like Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth as well as comedies and histories. Shakespeare influenced generations of poets and playwrights with his sophisticated dramatic works and his exploration of human psychology.
The document provides background information on English literature from the 17th century, including the Caroline, Interregnum and Restoration periods. It discusses major literary genres and movements of the time such as metaphysical poetry and neoclassicism. The document also profiles several influential writers of the 17th century like John Donne, John Milton, John Dryden, John Bunyan, and Voltaire and provides highlights of some of their major works.
The document provides an overview of the major periods in British literature from Old English to Postmodern, summarizing key characteristics and notable authors of each era to serve as a timeline reference for a literature course. It outlines the Old English, Middle English, Renaissance, Elizabethan, Jacobean, Caroline, Commonwealth, Restoration, Augustan, Sensibility, Romantic, Victorian, Pre-Raphaelite, Aesthetic, Edwardian, Georgian, Modern, and Postmodern periods.
Greece and Rome are considered the birthplace of European literature. Periods in European literature include the Ancient period from 750BC to 450, the Classical period from 450 to 1066, the Medieval period from 1066 to 1500, the Renaissance period from 1485 to 1680, the Age of Reason from 1650 to 1800, the Romantic period from 1798 to 1870, Modernism from 1870 to 1965, and the Post-Modernism period from 1965 to the present. Major works included Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, Virgil's Aeneid, and writings of Dante, Chaucer, Shakespeare, and others.
The English Renaissance period extended from 1517 to 1671, spanning the rule of James I and Charles II. During this time, poetry evolved from the Elizabethan style to include metaphysical poets like John Donne, devotional poets like George Herbert, and Cavalier poets who wrote secular verse. The greatest poet of this era was John Milton, whose epic works Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained used blank verse to tell biblical stories. Prose became plainer in style, and drama was transformed during the Restoration with the reopening of theaters under Charles II.
Renaissance is a name commonly applied to the poetry of European History following the middle ages. Generally, It is said to have begun in Italy in the late fourteenth century and have continued in Italy and other western European countries. In this period European art of painting, sculpture, architecture, and literature reached at its peak. The development came late to England in the sixteenth century and its flowering started from the Elizabethan age and has influenced to later period also.
This document provides biographical information and lists major works for 20 English poets from Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14th century to T.S. Eliot in the 20th century. It discusses their contributions to English literature and poetic styles and movements including the metaphysical poets. The poets covered include William Shakespeare, John Milton, John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Samuel Johnson, Jane Austen, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats, Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning, Matthew Arnold, Thomas Hardy, Virginia Woolf, W.B. Yeats, T.S. Eliot and others.
it includes introduction of elizabethan era with its background and prominent feactures. literature of this era and unversity wits are dominant fectures and most dominated genre is drama. globe theatre is also prominent
William Shakespeare was an English poet, dramatist, and actor in the late 1500s known for works like Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet. He likely became a writer due to his family having little money. Shakespeare grew up in Stratford-on-Avon and had a wife and three children. During his career, he was a playwright in London and partly owned a playing company. Though his reputation was low during his life, his works became widely known in the 19th century.
William Shakespeare was an English poet, dramatist, and actor in the late 1500s known for works like Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet. He likely became a writer due to his family having little money. Shakespeare grew up in Stratford-on-Avon and had a wife and three children. While living, his reputation was low, but his name became widely known in the 19th century. The time in which Shakespeare lived, the Elizabethan period, was considered a golden age for England as a naval and commercial power.
1. The document discusses key concepts in propositional logic including propositions, truth functionality, and sentential connectives.
2. A proposition is defined as the invariant meaning of a sentence, devoid of modality. Propositions involve the meanings of declarative, interrogative, and imperative sentences.
3. Sentential connectives like conjunction, disjunction, implication, equivalence, and negation determine the truth value of complex propositions based on the truth values of their component simple propositions.
The English language has developed over 1,400 years from Old English dialects brought by Anglo-Saxon settlers to Britain in the 5th century. Middle English emerged after the Norman conquest in the late 11th century. Early modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press. Old English literature included genres such as epic poetry, hagiography, sermons, and chronicles. After the Norman conquest in 1066, French became the standard language and Old English underwent a transition to Middle English under Norman influence. In the Middle Ages, mystery and miracle plays emerged from liturgical enactments and evolved into Elizabethan drama. The English Renaissance began in the late 15th century and the Elizabethan era was its
This document provides biographical information about several English Renaissance dramatists and poets:
- Christopher Marlowe was one of the earliest English Renaissance dramatists, known for plays like Tamburlaine the Great and Doctor Faustus. His works predate Shakespeare's.
- William Shakespeare is famously the most influential English playwright and poet. He wrote plays across many genres from the 1590s until 1613.
- Ben Jonson was a contemporary of Shakespeare's known for satirical comedies like Volpone and tragedies like Sejanus. Many of his best works were written after Queen Elizabeth's death.
- Thomas Middleton wrote comedies like A Mad World and A Trick to Catch the Old One set
The document provides a detailed overview of the history of English literature from the Anglo-Saxon period to the modern period. It summarizes the key social backgrounds, literary periods, genres, authors, and works for each historical period. Some of the major topics covered include the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf, Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales in the Medieval period, William Shakespeare's plays in the English Renaissance, John Milton's Paradise Lost in the 17th century, and modernist novels by authors like James Joyce and Virginia Woolf in the 20th century.
This document provides a summary of English literature from the Anglo-Saxon period to the Romantic period in 6 chapters. It discusses the key social backgrounds and literary works of each historical period, including important authors such as Beowulf, Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, Wordsworth and Coleridge. Key genres that developed over this timeline included epics, ballads, romances, sonnets, essays, novels, and poetry. The document also defines important literary terms and movements for each era.
The document provides an overview of the major periods in English literature from Old English to the Modern period. It summarizes the key historical events, literary movements, and important authors that defined each period, such as Beowulf in Old English, Chaucer in Middle English, Shakespeare in the Elizabethan period, and T.S. Eliot in the Modern period. Major genres and works that emerged are also mentioned for each literary time period outlined.
in this presentation, you know all about 17th-century poetry that consists of major writers of the Renaissance age, the Neo-classical age with how this age divided into three main periods, also major writers of this age.
Major Periods in English and American LiteratureJesullyna Manuel
This document provides an overview of the major periods of English and American literature from Old English to the present day. It summarizes the key characteristics, influences, and notable authors of each period, including Old English, Middle English, the Renaissance, Neoclassical, Romantic, Victorian, Realism, Modernism, and Postmodernism. The periods reflect changing philosophical perspectives and styles over time as well as the influence of historical events like the World Wars.
This document provides an overview of the major periods of English and American literature from Old English to the present day. It summarizes the key characteristics, influences, and notable authors of each period, including Old English, Middle English, the Renaissance, Neoclassical, Romantic, Victorian, Realism, Modernism, and Postmodernism. The periods reflect changing philosophical perspectives and styles over time as well as the influence of historical events like the World Wars.
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. He is widely considered the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. Shakespeare wrote plays and poems throughout his career in London starting in the early 1590s. Some of his most famous works include tragedies like Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth as well as comedies and histories. Shakespeare influenced generations of poets and playwrights with his sophisticated dramatic works and his exploration of human psychology.
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. He is widely considered the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. Shakespeare wrote plays and poems throughout his career in London starting in the early 1590s. Some of his most famous works include tragedies like Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth as well as comedies and histories. Shakespeare influenced generations of poets and playwrights with his sophisticated dramatic works and his exploration of human psychology.
The document provides background information on English literature from the 17th century, including the Caroline, Interregnum and Restoration periods. It discusses major literary genres and movements of the time such as metaphysical poetry and neoclassicism. The document also profiles several influential writers of the 17th century like John Donne, John Milton, John Dryden, John Bunyan, and Voltaire and provides highlights of some of their major works.
The document provides an overview of the major periods in British literature from Old English to Postmodern, summarizing key characteristics and notable authors of each era to serve as a timeline reference for a literature course. It outlines the Old English, Middle English, Renaissance, Elizabethan, Jacobean, Caroline, Commonwealth, Restoration, Augustan, Sensibility, Romantic, Victorian, Pre-Raphaelite, Aesthetic, Edwardian, Georgian, Modern, and Postmodern periods.
Greece and Rome are considered the birthplace of European literature. Periods in European literature include the Ancient period from 750BC to 450, the Classical period from 450 to 1066, the Medieval period from 1066 to 1500, the Renaissance period from 1485 to 1680, the Age of Reason from 1650 to 1800, the Romantic period from 1798 to 1870, Modernism from 1870 to 1965, and the Post-Modernism period from 1965 to the present. Major works included Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, Virgil's Aeneid, and writings of Dante, Chaucer, Shakespeare, and others.
The English Renaissance period extended from 1517 to 1671, spanning the rule of James I and Charles II. During this time, poetry evolved from the Elizabethan style to include metaphysical poets like John Donne, devotional poets like George Herbert, and Cavalier poets who wrote secular verse. The greatest poet of this era was John Milton, whose epic works Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained used blank verse to tell biblical stories. Prose became plainer in style, and drama was transformed during the Restoration with the reopening of theaters under Charles II.
Renaissance is a name commonly applied to the poetry of European History following the middle ages. Generally, It is said to have begun in Italy in the late fourteenth century and have continued in Italy and other western European countries. In this period European art of painting, sculpture, architecture, and literature reached at its peak. The development came late to England in the sixteenth century and its flowering started from the Elizabethan age and has influenced to later period also.
This document provides biographical information and lists major works for 20 English poets from Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14th century to T.S. Eliot in the 20th century. It discusses their contributions to English literature and poetic styles and movements including the metaphysical poets. The poets covered include William Shakespeare, John Milton, John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Samuel Johnson, Jane Austen, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats, Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning, Matthew Arnold, Thomas Hardy, Virginia Woolf, W.B. Yeats, T.S. Eliot and others.
it includes introduction of elizabethan era with its background and prominent feactures. literature of this era and unversity wits are dominant fectures and most dominated genre is drama. globe theatre is also prominent
William Shakespeare was an English poet, dramatist, and actor in the late 1500s known for works like Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet. He likely became a writer due to his family having little money. Shakespeare grew up in Stratford-on-Avon and had a wife and three children. During his career, he was a playwright in London and partly owned a playing company. Though his reputation was low during his life, his works became widely known in the 19th century.
William Shakespeare was an English poet, dramatist, and actor in the late 1500s known for works like Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet. He likely became a writer due to his family having little money. Shakespeare grew up in Stratford-on-Avon and had a wife and three children. While living, his reputation was low, but his name became widely known in the 19th century. The time in which Shakespeare lived, the Elizabethan period, was considered a golden age for England as a naval and commercial power.
1. The document discusses key concepts in propositional logic including propositions, truth functionality, and sentential connectives.
2. A proposition is defined as the invariant meaning of a sentence, devoid of modality. Propositions involve the meanings of declarative, interrogative, and imperative sentences.
3. Sentential connectives like conjunction, disjunction, implication, equivalence, and negation determine the truth value of complex propositions based on the truth values of their component simple propositions.
1. The document discusses key concepts related to propositions including defining what a proposition is, how propositions are represented notationally, and how truth functionality works with logical connectives like conjunction, disjunction, implication, equivalence, and negation.
2. It explains how propositions involve the meanings of sentences and consist of a predicate and one or more arguments. Embedded propositions are also discussed where arguments can be other propositions.
3. Various logical connectives are defined through truth tables showing how they combine the truth values of simple propositions to determine the truth value of complex propositions.
This document defines and classifies prepositions according to their composition and meaning. It discusses prepositions of place, time, manner, cause and others. It also examines the structure and types of prepositional phrases, which can function syntactically as adverbials, postmodifiers in noun phrases, or complements of verbs and adjectives. Prepositional complements can be realized through prepositional phrases, adjectives, adverbs, nominal clauses and wh-interrogative clauses.
1-An Introduction to English Phonetics and Phonology.pptPhamTheTan2
The document provides an introduction to English phonetics and phonology. It discusses the speech mechanism, including the psychological, physiological, and physical stages involved in speech production. It describes the pulmonic airstream mechanism as the primary means of producing speech sounds in English and other languages. The document also defines phonetics as the study of speech sounds in terms of articulation, acoustics, and auditory perception. Finally, it introduces phonology as the description of a language's sound patterns and systems, including units like phonemes and allophones.
How to Write an Argumentative Essay (1).pptxPhamTheTan2
The document provides an overview of how to write an effective argumentative essay. It discusses developing a clear thesis statement, using credible sources to support arguments, addressing counterarguments, employing a logical structure and transitions between paragraphs, and maintaining an authoritative academic style. The goal is to present a reasonable argument and lead the reader to agree with the thesis through evidence and addressing alternative perspectives.
The document provides an overview of the argumentative essay format. It defines an argumentative essay as requiring students to investigate a topic, collect and evaluate evidence, and establish a position on the topic. It outlines the basic elements that should be included, such as a claim, evidence, counterclaim, and refutation. The document also distinguishes between persuasive and argumentative essays, noting that argumentative essays rely on factual evidence and address opposing views, while persuasive essays can be based on opinion.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
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Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
3. The British history is considered to begin in
the 5th century, when the country was
invaded from the Continent by the
warlike tribes of Angles, Saxons and
Jutes. At the very end of the 5th century
they settled in Britain and began to call
themselves English.
In those early days epic poems were created
in many countries, such as: “Iliad” and
“Odyssey” by Homer.
The main literary forms of the period were:
lyric, riddle, epic and prose.
5. Heroic epics:
The works were focused
on the deeds of the
brave and heroic
warriors.
“The Song of Beowulf”
“The Battle of
Brunanburgh”
“The Battle of Waldon”
“The Fight of Finnsburg”
7. Poetry
Poetry has survived in 4
manuscripts:
1. The Song of
Beowulf”
2. “Exeter Book”
3. “Caedmon Book”:
4. “Vercelli Book”
The earliest definitely
known English poets
are Caedmon and
Cynewulf.
13. Anglo-Norman Period
(11-13 cent)
The Normans came from the north-west of
France. They brought the culture of their
country and the French language. Very
popular with the Normans were romances –
tales in verse praising the bravery and
nobleness of knights. Many romances were
based on Celtic legends – about King Arthur
and the Knights of the Round Table.
15. The literature of the
Church was scholastic,
moralistic, and it
supported the feudal
system. The books
written in Latin by
monks taught the
common people that
their sufferings on earth
would be rewarded in
heaven.
Prosaic works started to appear in monasteries
(13th cent)
17. The 14th century was a difficult time for
England. The country was waging the
Hundred Year’s War with France. At the
same time England suffered from three
epidemics of the plague. But during this
stormy period the English nation was being
formed; English became the spoken
language of the country; English literature
was born.
19. John Gower:
He wrote in three
languages:
“Speculum Meditantis” –
in French
“Vox Clamantis” – in
Latin
“Confessio Amantis” - in
English
20. Geoffrey Chaucer (1340 – 1400)
He was the greatest writer of the
14th century. He was born in
London. He held a number of
positions at the English king’s
court and several times visited
Italy and France on
diplomatic missions. In Italy
he got acquainted with the
works of Dante, Petrarch and
Boccaccio, whose works were
full of new optimistic ideas
and love of life and had a
great influence on Chaucer’s
future works.
21. Chaucer’s art has three periods:
1. The French period –
imitation of French romances
2. The Italian period – “The
House Of Fame”, “The
Parliament Of Fowls”, “The
Legend of Good Women’’ and
others.
3. The English period – “The
Canterbury Tales”
23. In the 15th-16th centuries capitalist relations began to
develop in Europe. The decay of feudalism and
development of capitalist relations was followed by a
great rise of the cultural life of Europe. It was then that
great discoveries by Columbus, Magellan and other
explorers were made, as well as astronomical discoveries
by Copernicus, Bruno, and Galileo. There was a revival
of interest in the ancient culture of Greece and Rome.
The progressive ideology of the Renaissance was
humanism. Human life, the happiness of people and
belief in man’s abilities became the main subjects in
fine arts and literature. The Renaissance is divided into
three periods:
1. The Rise of the Renaissance (1500-1558)
2. The Height of the Renaissance (1558-1603)
3. The Decline the Renaissance (1603-1649)
24. The Rise of the Renaissance
(1500-1558)
Thomas Wyatt and
Henry Surrey
introduced the
sonnet in the
English
literature.
Thomas More
wrote
“Utopia”
28. 1590 – 1600
This period was marked by
optimism:
Comedies:
“The Comedy of Errors” (1592)
“The Taming of the Shrew” (1593)
“The Two Gentlemen of Verona”
(1594)
“Love’s Labour’s Lost” (1594)
“A Midsummer Night’s Dream”
(1595)
“Much Ado About Nothing” (1598)
“The Merry Wives of Windsor”
(1599)
“As You Like It” (1599)
“Twelfth Night, or What You Will”
(1600)
29. The historical chronicles:
“King Henry VI” (part II) 1590
“King Henry VI” (part III) 1590
“King Henry VI” (part I) 1591
“The Tragedy of King Richard
III” (1592)
“The Tragedy of King Richard
II” (1595)
“The Life and The Death of
King John” (1596)
“The King Henry IV” (part I)
1597
“The King Henry IV” (part II)
1597
“The Life of King Henry V”
(1598)
Drama:
“The Merchant of Venice”
Tragedies:
“Romeo and Juliet”
“Julius Caesar”
Collection of sonnets
was edited in 1609
30. 1601-1608
Four great tragedies:
The tragedies reflect the deep, insoluble
contradictions of life, the falsehood, injustice
and tyranny exiting in society. They show people
who perish in the struggle against Evil.
“Hamlet, Prince of Denmark (1601)
“Othello, the Moor of Venice” (1604)
“King Lear” (1605)
“Macbeth” (1605)
31. 1609 – 1612
The plays of this period differ from everything
Shakespeare wrote before. He still touches upon
most important social and moral problems, but now
suggests Utopian solutions to them.
Romantic dramas:
“Cymbeline” (1609)
“The Winter’s Tale” (1610)
“The Tempest” (1612)
32. The Decline of the Renaissance
(1603-1649)
John Milton (1608 – 1674):
“Paradise Lost”
“Paradise Regained”
“Samson Agonistis”
His other works:
“L’Allegro”,
“Il Penseroso”
“Comus”
“Lycidas”
“Aeropagitica”
33. Ben Jonson
(1572 –1637)
He wrote over 20 plays alone,
and others with other playwrights.
Among his famous comedies are:
• Every Man in His Humour
(performed 1598)
• Every Man out of His Humour
(performed 1599)
• Volpone the Fox (1605-6)
• Epicoene, The Silent Woman
(performed 1609)
• The Alchemist (performed 1610)
• Bartholomew Fair (performed
1614)
34. John Donne
(1572 –1631)
A group of poets,
known as the
Metaphysical Poets,
wrote less beautiful and
less musical verse which
contained tricks of style
and unusual images. The
group was led by John
Donne, the greatest
among them.
Poetry
36. The Enlighteners defended the interests of the common people –
craftsmen, tradesmen and peasants. Their criticism was
directed against social inequality and religious hypocrisy as
well as the immorality of the aristocracy. The central
philosophical problem was that of man and his nature. The
Enlighteners believed in reason as well as in man’s inborn
goodness.
In the period of Enlightenment the poetic forms of the
Renaissance were replaced by prose. The didactic novel was
born and became the leading genre of the period. Ordinary
people, mostly representatives of the middle class, became the
heroes of these novels. The characters, either good or bad,
were accordingly, either rewarded or punished at the end of
the novel. By these means the Enlighteners hoped to improve
the morals of the people and society in general.
37. Early Enlightenment (1688-1740)
This period saw a
flowering of journalism
(J.Addison and R.Steele) and
satirical genre.
Satirical poet – Alexander
Pope, imitated the style of
ancient Greek and Roman
poets:
“The Rape of the Lock”
“The Dunciad”
38. Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)
He is rightly considered the
father of the English and
the European novel:
- “An Essay on Projects” (1697)
- “The Shortest Way with the
Dissenters” (1702)
- “Hymn to the Pillory”
- “The Life and the Strange
Surprising Adventures of
Robinson Crusoe” (1719)
- “Captain Singleton”
- “Moll Flanders”
- “Roxana”
39. Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)
He was the greatest satirist in
English literature.
“Journal for Stella” (1710-1713) –
letters to his faithful lifelong
friend Stella.
The allegory:
- “A Tale of a Tub”
The satire:
- “A Modest Proposal for
Preventing the Children of
Poor People of Ireland from
Being a Burden to their
Parents” (1729)
The novel:
- “Gulliver’s Travels” (1726)
40. Mature Enlightenment (1740-1750)
Sentimentalism
The didactic social novel was born in this period.
Samuel Richardson:
“Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded”
“Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady”
Henry Fielding:
“The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling”
“The Life and Death of Jonathan Wild,
the Great”
Tobias Smollett:
“The Expedition of Humphrey Clinker”
41. Late Enlightenment (1750-1790)
(Sentimentalism)
The writers expressed the democratic bourgeois
tendencies of the time. They also tried to find a way
out of the difficulties of the existing order.
Oliver Goldsmith:
“The Vicar of Wakefield”
Lawrence Sterne:
“Tristram Shandy”
“A Sentimental Journey
through France and Italy”
Richard Brinsley Sheridan:
“School for Scandal”
43. The Gothic School:
Horace Walpole:
“The Castle of Otranto”
Ann Randcliffe:
“The Mysteries of Udolpho”
Mathew G. Lewis:
“The Monk”
Mary Shelley:
“Frankenstein"
44. Robert Burns (1759-1796)
He is a national poet of both Scotland and England.
“The Scots
Musical
Museum”
“Select
Collection
of Original
Scottish
Airs”
- “Poems Chiefly in the
Scottish Dialect” (1786)
Poems:
- “My Heart’s in the
Highlands”
- “Bruce’s Address to his Army
at Bannockburn”
- “Is There for Honest
Poverty”
- “Revolutionary Lyric”
- “The Tree of Liberty”
- “The Jolly Beggars”
- “John Barleycorn”
- “Oh, My Love is Like a Red,
Red Rose”
- “Auld Lang Syne”
- “The Toadeater”
45. William Blake (1757-1827)
“Poetical Sketches”
“Songs of Innocence”
“Songs of
Experience”
“The Marriage of
Heaven and Hell”
“Milton”, and others
47. Lakists
William Wordsworth (1770-1850),
Samuel T. Coleridge (1772-1834),
Robert Southey (1774-1843)
formed the “Lake School”, so
called because they all lived in
the beautiful Lake District in
the north-west of England.
They dedicated much of what they
wrote to Nature.
W. Wordsworth and S. Coleridge
published a collection of poems
“Lyrical Ballads” (1798)
48. William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
“Lyrical Ballads” (1798)
“Westminster Bridge”
“London, 1802”
“The Daffodils”
“The Prelude”( in 14 books)
“The Excursion” (in 9 books)
49. Samuel T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
“Lyrical Ballads” (1798)
“The Rime of the Ancient
Mariner”
“Christabel”
“Kubla Khan”
50. Robert Southey (1774-1843)
He was a poet who also
wrote biographies,
histories and left 109
volumes of his own
works and one of the
largest private
collections of books in
England .
51. George Gordon Noel Byron (1788-1824)
He is the greatest romantic
revolutionary poet of
England.
Byron’s creative work is
usually divided into four
periods:
The London Period (1812-1816)
The Swiss Period (May-
October 1816)
The Italian Period (1816-1823)
The Greek Period (1823-1824)
52. The London Period (1812-1816)
“Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage” – the first two cantos.
“Hebrew Melodies”
“The Corsair”
“The Bride of Abydos”
“Lara”
“Ode to the Framers
of the Frame Bill”
53. The Swiss Period (May-October 1816)
“Childe Harold’s
Pilgrimage” – the
third canto.
“The Prisoner of
Chillon”
“Manfred”
54. The Italian Period (1816-1823)
“Childe Harold’s
Pilgrimage” – the last canto.
“Cain”
“Beppo”
“Don Juan”
55. The Greek Period (1823-1824)
“On This Day I Complete
My Thirty-Sixth Year”
“Cephalonian Journal”
56. Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)
“Queen Mab”
“Adonais”
“Prometheus Unbound”
“The Cloud”
“To a Skylark”
“The Indian Serenade”
“To the West Wind” and
other lyrics.
57. John Keats (1795-1821)
He wrote poetry of rich
detail.
1. “Poems by John
Keats” (1817)
2. “Endymion”(1818)
3. “Lamia, Isabella,
The Eve of
St.Agness” (1820)
58. Romanticism in Prose
Thomas de Quincey
(1785 –1859)
1. Confessions of an English Opium Eater,
1822
2. On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth,
1823
3. Walladmor, 1825
4. Lake Reminscences, 1834-40
5. The Logic of the Political Economy, 1844
6. Suspiria de Profundis, 1845
7. Autobiographical Sketches, 1853
8. Romances and Extravaganzas, 1877
9. Collected Writings, 1889
10. The Posthumous Works, 1891-93
11. Memorials, 1891
12. The Diary, 1928
59. Charles Lamb
(1775 –1834)
1. Blank Verse, poetry, 1798
2. Pride's Cure, poetry, 1802
3. Tales from Shakespeare,
1807
4. The Adventures Of Ulysses,
1808
5. Specimens of English
dramatic poets who lived
about the time of
Shakespeare, 1808
6. On The Tragedies Of
Shakepeare, 1811
7. Essays Of Elia, 1823
8. The Last Essays Of Elia,
1833
60. William Hazlitt
(1778 –1830)
1. An Essay on the Principles
of Human Action (1805)
2. Lectures on the Literature
of the Age of Elizabeth and
Characters of Shakespear's
Plays (1817)
3. Lectures on the English
Poets (1818)
4. Lectures on the English
Comic Writers (1819)·
5. The Spirit of the Age (1825)
6. On The Pleasure of Hating
(c.1826)
61. Leigh Hunt
(1784 - 1859)
1. Amyntas, A Tale of the
Woods (1820)·
2. The Seer, or Common-
Places refreshed (2 pts.,
1840-1841)
3. Stories from the Italian
Poets (1846)
4. One Hundred
Romances of Real Life
(1843)
62. Walter Scott (1771-1832)
“The Mystrelsy of the
Scottish Border” –
legends and popular
ballads of Scotland.
“The Lay of the Last
Minstrel”
“Marmion”
“The Lady of the Lake”
Poetry:
63. His novels are divided into three
groups
1. Novels devoted to the Scottish history:
“Waverley” (1814)
“The Antiquary”
“Old Mortality”
“Black Dwart”
“The Heart of Midlothian”,
and others
68. Chartist Literature
The industrial power of Great Britain continued to grow. The number
of factories increased, as well as the number of people who worked
in them. The profits of the manufactories became larger from year
to year, while the conditions of the working people grew worse and
worse. Poets and writers described the position of the working
people and shared their demands.
Thomas Hood (1799-1845):
“The Song of the Shirt” (1843)
Ernest Jones:
“The Song for the Lower Class”
Elizabeth B. Browning:
“The Cry of the Children”
69. Early Victorian Literature
Charles Dickens
(1812-1870):
The first period:
“Sketches by Boz” (1836)
“The Posthumous Papers of
the Pickwick Club”
(1837)
“American Notes”
“Oliver Twist”
“Nicholas Nickleby”
“Martin Chuzzlewit”
“A Christmas Carol”
70. The second period:
“David Copperfield”
“Dombey and Son”
“Bleak House”
“Little Dorrit”
“A Tale of Two Cities”
“Great Expectations”
“Our Mutual Friend”
“The Mystery of Edwin
Drood”
72. The Bronte Sisters:
Charlotte Bronte: “Jane
Eyre”, “The Professor”,
“Villette”, “Shirley”.
Emily Bronte:
”Wuthering Heights”,
poems.
Anne Bronte: “Agnes
Grey”, “The Tenant of
Wildfell Hall”
73. William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863)
“The Book of Snobs”
“Vanity Fair, A Novel
without a Hero”
“Pendennis”
“The Newcomes”
“Henry Esmond”
“The Virginians”
81. LITERATURE OF THE LAST DECADES
OF THE 19th CENTURY
In 1899 Great Britain unleashed the shameful colonial Boer
War in the Transvaal, a province in South Africa
inhabited by the Dutch settlers who fought for their
independence. Puritanical hypocrisy became the
accepted form of behaviour in society. It was
accompanied by a degradation of moral and cultural
values.
New literary trends – decadence, neoromanticism and
socialist literature – were a reaction to the atmosphere in
Britain.
83. The most widely known manifestation of
Decadence in the social life of England was
Aestheticism – a movement in search of
beauty. Aestheticism was governed by the
principle of “Art for Art’s Sake”.
Aestheticists protested against the severe and
vulgar reality, against bourgeois
pragmatism.
84. Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
He was the most outstanding
representative of Decadence.
Novel:
“The Picture of Dorian
Gray” (1890)
Three Essays of
Intentions:
1. “The Decay of Lying”
2. “The Critic as an
Artist”
3. “Pen, Pencil and
Poison”
85. Comedies:
1. “An Ideal Husband”
(1895)
2. “The Importance of
Being Earnest”
3. “A Woman of No
Importance”
4. “Lady Windermere’s
Fan”
87. Fairy tales:
1. “The Happy Prince
and Other Tales”
(1888)
2. “A House of
Pomegranates” (1891)
88. Late Victorian Poetry
-Dante Gabriel
Rossetti
- Christina
Rossetti
- William Holman
Hunt
- John Everett
Millais
- Algernon Charles
Swinburne
-Alfred Edward
Housman
-Gerard M. Hopkins
-Matthew Arnold
- Thomas Hardy
90. Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894)
The novels:
“Treasure Island”
“Kidnapped”
“The Black Arrow”
“Catriona”
“The Master of Ballantrae”
Books of poems for little
children:
“A Child’s Garden of Verse”
Story:
“The Strange Case of Doctor
Jekyll and Mr. Hyde”
92. Joseph Conrad
(1857 –1924)
1. “Lord Jim”
2. “Almayer’s Folly”
3. “An Outcast of the Islands”
4. “Heart of Darkness”
5. “Nostromo”
6. “The Secret Agent”
7. “The Rescue: A Romance
of the Shallows”
95. The Boer War lasted from October 1899 to May
1902. The English suffered many difficulties and
losses at the beginning of the war, but they came
out of it victors. However, this victory did not
improve the negative attitude of progressive people
in England towards bourgeois ideology and
culture, towards its social life and economic
development.
96. John Galsworthy (1867-1933)
“The Island of Pharisees” (1904)
Trilogies:
“The Forsyte Saga” consists of:
- “The Man of Property” (1906)
- “In Chancery” (1920)
- “To Let” (1921)
“A Modern Comedy” consists of:
- “The White Monkey” (1925)
- “The Silver Spoon” (1926)
- “Swan Song” (1928)
“End of the Chapter”
- “Maid in Waiting”
- “Flowering Wilderness”
- “Over the River”
97. John Galsworthy (1867-1933)
Each trilogy has Interludes
connecting the novels that
compose it.
In the first trilogy they are:
“The Indian Summer of a
Forsyte” (1918)
“Awakening” (1920)
In the second trilogy they are:
“A Silent Wooing” (1928)
“Passers-By” (1928)
98. Herbert George Wells (1866-1946)
“Russia in the Shadows”
“The Time Machine”
“The Invisible Man”
“The War of the Worlds”
“The First Men on the
Moon”
“The Island of Dr.
Moreau”
99. George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)
Comedies:
“Plays Unpleasant”:
“Widower’s Houses” (1892)
“The Philanderer” (1893)
“Mrs. Warren’s Profession”
(1894)
“Plays Pleasant”:
“Arms and the Man” (1894)
“Candida” (1894)
“The Man of Destiny” (1895)
“You Never Can Tell” (1897)
100. George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)
Three Plays for Puritans:
“The Devil’s Disciple” (1897)
“Caesar and Cleopatra” (1898)
“Captain Brassbound’s
Conversion” (1899)
He wrote over 50 plays including
“Pygmalion” (1913); the musical
“My Fair Lady” is based on this
play.
102. English writers reacted differently to the
complicated and constantly changing situation of
the 1910-1930s. Some of them continued the
traditions of social realism; others preferred to
turn away from the acute topical issues. They
were searching for new themes and modes of
expression, and fell under the influence of
Decadence, which at the beginning of the 20th
century acquired the name of modernism.
Modernism became the leading trend in this
period.
105. D. H. Lawrence (1885-1930)
Novels:
“Sons and Lovers”
(1913)
“The Rainbow” (1915)
“Women in Love”
(1920)
“Lady Chatterley’s
Lover” (1928)
106. Modernism in Poetry
Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-
1965)
“The Love Song of J. Alfred
Prufrock”(1917)
“The Waste Land”(1922)
“Ash Wednesday” (1930)
“Four Quartets” (1944)
107. Critical Realism
Katherine Mansfield (1888-1923)
“In a German Pension” (1911)
“Rhythm”
“The Blue Review”
“A Birthday”
“Something Childish, but Very
Natural”
“Indiscreet Journey”
“Bliss and Other Stories”
(1920)
108. “The Garden Party and
Other Stories” (1922)
“Lady’s Maid”
“The Life of Ma Parker”
“The Daughters of the
Late Colonel”
“Sixpence”
“The Little Girl”
“The Doll’s House”
109. William Somerset Maugham (1874-1965)
Novels:
“Liza of Lambeth” (1897)
“Of Human Bondage” (1915)
“The Moon and Sixpence”
(1919)
“The Painted Veil” (1925)
“Cakes and Ale” (1930)
“The Theatre”(19)
110. Social Realism
Ralf Fox
(1900-1937)
An important event in the literary
life of the 30-s was the
formation of a group of Marxist
writers, poets and critics led by
Ralf Fox.
His main work – “The Novel and
the People”, where he speaks
about “death of the hero”.
111. There are many novels and
poetry about war. These
writers are known as “lost
generation”.
There was a certain tendency in
poetry – “Trench poetry”:
- W. Owen
- S. Sassoon
- I. Rosenberg
112. Richard Aldington (1892-1962)
(Lost Generation)
“The Times Literary
Supplement”
“Death of a Hero” (1929)
“The Colonel’s
Daughter” (1931)
“All Men are Enemies”
(1933)
“Images Old and New’
(1915)
“Very Heaven” (1937)
113. George Orwell
(Eric Arthur Blair)
(1903-1950)
He was one of the first British
writers who realized that the
20th century was an age of
struggle. His dissatisfaction
with the status quo later became
a commitment to fight fascism.
“Animal Farm” – 1946
“1984” – 1948
114. John Boynton Priestley
(1894-1984)
He wrote more than 40 plays,
the most significant of them
- “Dangerous Corner” (1932)
- “Time of the Conways”
(1937)
- “An Inspector Calls” (1946)
Novels:
- “The Good Companions”
- “Angel Pavement”,and
others
115. Aldous Huxley
(1894-1963)
“Crome Yellow” (1921)
“Antic Hay” (1923)
“Point Counter Point” (1928)
“Brave New World” (1932)
“Time Must Have a Step” (1944)
“The Island” (1962)
116. Archibald Joseph Cronin
(1896-1980)
“Hatter’s Castle” (1931)
“The Stars Look Down”
“The Citadel” (1935)
“The Keys of the Kingdom”
“The Green Years”
“Shannon’s Way”
“A Song of Sixpence”
“A Pocketful of Rye”
117. Charles Percy Snow (1905-1980)
“Death Under Sail” (1932)
“The Light and the Dark”
(1947)
“Time of Hope” (1949)
“The Conscience of the Rich”
(1958)
“The Affair” (1960)
“Corridors of Power” (1964)
“Strangers and Brothers”
(1940)
“A Coat of Varnish” (1979)
“The Physicists” (1980)
118. Graham Greene(1904-1991)
The “serious novels”:
“The Man Within” (1929)
“England Made Me” (1935)
“The Power and the Glory”
(1940)
“The Queen American” (1955)
“A Burnt-Out Case” (1961)
The “entertaining novels”:
“Stamboul Train” (1932)
“A Gun For Sale” (1936)
“The Confidential Agent”
(1939)
“Loser Takes All” (1955)
119. Graham Greene (1904-1991)
“The Ministry of Fear” (1968)
“The Comedians” (1966)
“The Human Factor” (1978)
“Getting to Know the General:
the Story of an Involvement” (1984)
“The Captain and the Enemy” (1988)
“Monsignor Quixote” (1982)
“Doctor Fischer of Geneva,
or the Bomb Party” (1980)
Funny entertaining tales for children:
“The Little Fire Engine” (1950)
“The Little House Bus” (1952)
Collection of short stories:
“The Last Word” (1990)
120. James Aldridge (b. 1918)
“Signed with Their Honour”
(1943)
“The Sea Eagle” (1944)
“The Diplomat” (1949)
“Heroes of the Empty View”
(1964)
“I wish He Would Not Die”
(1958)
“A Captive in the Land” (1962)
“The Statesman’s Game”
(1966)
“Soldiers at War” (in the late
70s)
“One Last Glimpse” (1977)
122. The Second World War influenced greatly the ideological and economic
life of Britain. During the war Great Britain suffered heavy financial
losses. The post-war programme of the Labour Party became the only
hope for a better future for the British people. It promised to do away
with unemployment, to improve living conditions, to level out
prices.
From 1946 Great Britain faced strong resistance on the part of the
oppressed people of India and Egypt. Great Britain was losing one
colony after another and becoming more dependent on the USA.
The failure of Labour Government that promised a lot and did nothing,
the cold war and the atomic threat, the rapid intensification of the
cultural and moral crisis – these were the factors in the 50s – 60s
which influenced the minds of the British people.
Besides socialist literature, other literary tendencies appeared one after
another: “the angry young men” (1953-1957), “new left” and
“teenager’s literature (after 1958), the “working-class novel” and the
“new wave drama”.
124. The English literature of the 1950s tended to reflect
some of the difficulties faced by the younger
generation of the time. Disillusionment and
skepticism had become the main features of the
young post-war generation. Those youngsters stood
up against bourgeois morals, protested angrily
against reality and tried to find new aims in life.
The literature of the 50s reflected the “anger” of the
young. The writers who dwelt on this problem
became known as “the angry young men”: John
Osborne, John Wain, John Braine, Kingsley Amis.
“The angry young men”
125. John Osborne (1929-1994)
Plays:
“Look Back in Anger”
(1956)
“The Entertainer”
(1957)
“The World of Paul
Slickey”
(1959)
“Inadmissible Evidence”
(1964)
“A Sense of Detachment”
(1973)
126. The New Wave Drama
J. Osborne’s play “Look Back in Anger” marked the
beginning of a new era in British drama.
A.Wesker deals with the cultural poverty of the masses.
A.Bennet uses the technique of the play-within-a-play:
“Forty Years On”.
H. Pinter is famous for his own literary technique,
described as “Pinteresque”, in “The Caretaker”.
128. The working-class novel of the 50s-60s brought new
themes into the proletarian English literature. First
of all, they introduced a new working class hero,
with his aimless protest and passionate fury against
everything and everybody. Another peculiarity of
the working class novel is a strong emphasis on the
workers’ private life.
129. Alan Sillitoe (b. 1928)
“Key to the Door”
“Saturday Night and Sunday
Morning” (1958)
“The Open Door” (1989)
“The Death of William
Posters” (1965)
“A Tree of Fire” (1967)
“”The Pit Strike” (1973)
“A Start in Life” (1970)
130. Alan Sillitoe (b. 1928)
“Travels in Nihilon” (1971)
“Raw Material” (1971)
“The Storyteller” (1976)
“The Broken Chariot” (1998)
“The German Numbers
Woman” (1999)
“”Birthday” (2001)
“Collected Stories” (1995)
131. Sid Chaplin (1916-1986)
“The Thin Seam” (1951)
“The Leaping Lad”
“The Big Room” (1960)
“The Day of Sardine”
(1961)
“The Watchers and the
Watched” (1962)
“Sam in the Morning”
(1965)
“The Alabaster Mines”
(1971)
132. Stan Barstow (b. 1928)
“A Kind of Loving” (1960)
“Ask Me Tomorrow” (1962)
“The Watchers on the
Shore”
(1965)
“The Right True End” (1976)
“Border-country”
(1960)
“Second Generation” (1964)
134. Many of the English writers of the period considered
philosophical problems in their works: the future of
mankind, the aim of man’s life, man’s place in
society. Much of their work of the period was
influenced by the philosophy of existentialism of
the French modernists.
135. William Golding (1911-1993)
“Lord of the Flies” (1954)
“The Inheritors” (1955)
“Pincher Nartin” (1956)
“Free Fall” (1959)
“The Spire” (1964)
“The Pyramid” (1967)
“Darkness Visible” (1979)
“Rites of Passage” (1981)
136. William Golding (1911-1993)
“The Paper Man” (1984)
“Envoy Extraordinary”
(1956)
“Scorpion God” (1971)
The Trilogy:
“Sea Trilogy”:
- “Rites of Passage” (1980)
- “Close Quarters” (1987)
- “Fire Down Below”
(1989)
137. Iris Murdoch (1919-1999)
“Under the Net” (1954)
“The Flight from the Enchanter”
(1956)
“The Sandcastle” (1957)
“The Bell” (1958)
“The Red and the Green” (1965)
“The Nice and The Good” (1968)
“Bruno’s Dream” (1969)
“A Fairly Honourable Defeat”
(1970)
“The Black Prince” (1973)
138. The satirical novel
Evelyn Waugh (1903-1966)
“Decline and Fall” (1928)
“A Handful of Dust” (1934)
The Trilogy:
“The Sword of Honour”:
- “Men at Arms” (1952)
- “Officers and Gentlemen”
(1955)
“Unconditional
Surrender” (1961)
139. Muriel Spark
“The Public Image” (1968)
“The Abbess of Crewe” (1974)
“The Takeover” (1976)
“The Territorial Rights” (1979)
“The Only Problem” (1983)
“Loitering with Intent” (1984)
“A Far Cry from Kensington”
(1983)
“Portobello Road”(2000)
Stories:
“The Black Madonna”
141. Science fiction is a try to foresee, to imagine the
possible ways of human development, to predict
the results of man’s activity.
Science fiction is very diverse in genres as well as in
the aims that its writers pursue. The most
traditional genre is the utopia – a story of a society
with an ideal state of things. But the sordid reality
of the 20th century with its devastating wars,
antihuman dictatorships, and ecological problems
has put an end to the fascinating dreams of a happy
future at all. The genre of the utopian novel has
undergone a change and in the works of many
writers has turned into its opposite – the antiutopia,
or distopia.
142. Arthur Clarke (1917-2004)
Space travels:
“The Sands of Mars” (1951)
“A Fall of Moondust” (1961)
“2001: A Space Odyssey” (1968)
“Rendezvous with Rama” (1973)
“The Songs of Distant Earth”
(1986)
“2061: Odyssey Three” (1989)
“3001: The Final Odyssey” (1996)
Exploration of the ocean:
“The Deep Range” (1957)
“The Dolphin Island” (1963)
143. Colin Wilson (b. 1931)
“Necessary Doubt”
(1966)
“The Mind Parasites”
(1976)
“The Philosopher’s
Stone” (1969)
147. Peculiarities:
1. Re-evaluation of the past experience
2. Writers’ skepticism (the parodying of the works of
predecessors)
3. Intertextuality
4. Pastiche
5. Metafictional character of the works
6. The idea of the interrelation of literature and historical
works of the present and the past
7. “The death of the author”
8. “An open end”
148. John Fowles (b. 1926)
“The Collector” (1963)
“The Magus” (1966)
“The French Lieutenant’s
Woman” (1969)
“Eliduc” (1974)
“Mantissa” (1982)
“The Blinded Eye” (1975)
“Nature and the Nature of
Nature” (1995)
“Wormholes” (1998)
“The Ebony Tower” (1974)
“Daniel Martin” (1977)
“A Maggot” (1985)
149. Martin Amis (b. 1949)
“The Rachel Papers”
(1977)
“Dead Babies and
Success” (1980)
“Money” (1984)
“Time’s Arrow” (1991)
“Koba the Dead:
Laughter and the
Twenty Million” (2002)
150. The new time brings new heroes, new experience in
drama and poetry, new forms and standards in
prosaic works. Specific features of nowadays
literature are in the variety of genres and styles:
- the historical novel
- science fiction
- spy fiction
- mystery novel
- novel as a piece of news.