38 june 8 june 8_comparison of descrete fracture network and fractured continuum modeling approaches for simulating flow and transport through_viswanathan
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78. june 8 dfn enhancements viswanathan
The document discusses modeling approaches for modeling groundwater flow and transport at a geological nuclear waste repository. It summarizes:
1) The modeling approach represents the repository site as continuous porous media while surrounding fractured rock is modeled using a discrete fracture network (DFN) approach.
2) The DFN fractures are generated using characteristics of the Forsmark repository site in Sweden and coupled with the three-dimensional volume mesh representing the continuous porous media.
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The document presents a strategy for smarter assessment of fractured reservoirs using discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling. The strategy integrates geological data to provide a rational description of the fractured rock conditions and connectivity. It provides a scalable approach to understand the effects of natural fracture networks on well trajectories, compartmentalization, completions and hydraulic fracturing. The modeling workflow includes characterizing fractures from well data, building 3D DFN models, simulating hydraulic fracturing and microseismicity, predicting stimulated rock volumes and production, and upscaling to the field scale. This integrated approach can help optimize development and reduce environmental risks.
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78. june 8 dfn enhancements viswanathan
The document discusses modeling approaches for modeling groundwater flow and transport at a geological nuclear waste repository. It summarizes:
1) The modeling approach represents the repository site as continuous porous media while surrounding fractured rock is modeled using a discrete fracture network (DFN) approach.
2) The DFN fractures are generated using characteristics of the Forsmark repository site in Sweden and coupled with the three-dimensional volume mesh representing the continuous porous media.
3) An example transport calculation was performed on a simple model to demonstrate the coupled DFN and continuous porous media approach.
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The document summarizes FracaFlow software for fracture data analysis and modeling. It discusses analyzing fracture data from well logs, seismic data and other sources to identify fracture sets. It then describes using the data to build geologic fracture models and calibrate them dynamically using production data. The goal is to accurately model natural fracture networks and their impact on reservoir flow properties.
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The document discusses hydrodynamic modeling of the Northwest European Shelf and North Sea using Delft3D Flexible Mesh. It summarizes the development of new Dutch operational tide-surge models with increased resolution and calibration using data assimilation. Conversion to Delft3D FM allows grid optimization while maintaining accuracy. A 3D baroclinic model is also developed, though 2D models better represent tidal modulation. Overall the new models show significant improvements in hindcast skill compared to previous versions.
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The document presents a strategy for smarter assessment of fractured reservoirs using discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling. The strategy integrates geological data to provide a rational description of the fractured rock conditions and connectivity. It provides a scalable approach to understand the effects of natural fracture networks on well trajectories, compartmentalization, completions and hydraulic fracturing. The modeling workflow includes characterizing fractures from well data, building 3D DFN models, simulating hydraulic fracturing and microseismicity, predicting stimulated rock volumes and production, and upscaling to the field scale. This integrated approach can help optimize development and reduce environmental risks.
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This document summarizes work on discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling and comparisons with fractured continuum models (FCM). It discusses recent developments in the dfnWorks software, including reduced order models using graph-based machine learning to mimic DFNs efficiently. Benchmark testing of DFN and FCM models was performed using relevant test cases from a spent fuel repository site. The DFN approach generates fracture networks similar to site data and provides information for FCM modeling of transport and flow, which are then compared.
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7 literature survey M.TECH ( PDF FILE )
The document surveys 17 literature sources on multi-carrier modulation techniques like OFDM and MC-CDMA. Several sources propose using wavelet transforms instead of Fourier transforms to improve bandwidth efficiency and reduce interference for MC-CDMA systems. Simulation results from the literature show that wavelet packet based MC-CDMA can outperform FFT based MC-CDMA in terms of lower bit error rates, especially in frequency selective fading channels. The rationale given is that wavelet transforms eliminate the need for cyclic prefixes, thereby improving spectral efficiency over traditional MC-CDMA schemes.
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10 recent dfn developments and comparison of dfn and fcm models viswanathan lanl
This document summarizes work on discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling and comparisons with fractured continuum models (FCM). It discusses recent developments in the dfnWorks software, including reduced order models using graph-based machine learning to mimic DFNs efficiently. Benchmark testing of DFN and FCM models was performed using relevant test cases from a spent fuel repository site. The DFN approach generates fracture networks similar to site data and provides information for FCM modeling of transport and flow, which are then compared.
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necessity for a common control channel. This scheme is based on the fact that a group of nearby nodes
almost detects the same frequency spectrum. That will allow every group of close nodes to choose a node
called coordinator, which in its turn chooses a reliable control channel for the group, then the reaming
nodes become slaves. Furthermore, the nodes that belong to two or more groups have an important role in
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2) The emulated testbed provides developers full control over the network topology and performance parameters to test and debug new NDN applications. Network conditions like link delays and packet loss can be modified.
3) A data collection application is demonstrated that monitors link statistics. The emulated testbed supports ongoing development and testing of extensions to this application before deployment on the real NDN testbed.
CTF: Anomaly Detection in High-Dimensional Time Series with Coarse-to-Fine Mo...
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This document outlines a study on implementing a hybrid routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. It discusses the problems with purely proactive or reactive routing protocols and the motivation for a hybrid approach. The document outlines the objectives to implement OLSR and AODV protocols, design a framework to allow them to work together, and test their performance. Preliminary results show the individual protocols working correctly in simulation. The future work involves combining the protocols in the framework and further evaluating the hybrid protocol's performance and efficiency.
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This is a fully developed simulator capable of numerical simulation of discrete fractures. To our knowledge, this technique has not been previously presented. I would like find partners to develop this for commercial purposes.
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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is the use of computing to simulate fluid flow, heat transfer, and other related phenomena. CFD works by numerically solving the governing equations of fluid dynamics. It allows for analyzing flows that are difficult to study experimentally. CFD has various applications in fields like aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and power generation. The CFD process involves discretizing the domain, applying initial and boundary conditions, numerically solving the governing equations, and post-processing the results. Common discretization methods are finite volume, finite element, and finite difference methods. CFD provides insight into flows and heat transfer while being faster and cheaper than physical experiments.
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The document discusses various literature on OFDM and MC-CDMA techniques. It summarizes 17 research papers on topics like using wavelet packets instead of Fourier transform in MC-CDMA to improve bandwidth efficiency and reduce interference. It also discusses using techniques like DWT, Radon transform, and antenna diversity with MC-CDMA and comparing the BER performance of different approaches in various channel conditions like AWGN, Rayleigh fading and frequency selective fading channels. The rationale given is that replacing Fourier transform with wavelet packets in MC-CDMA can eliminate the need for cyclic prefix and improve spectral efficiency.
7 literature survey M.TECH ( PDF FILE )
The document surveys 17 literature sources on multi-carrier modulation techniques like OFDM and MC-CDMA. Several sources propose using wavelet transforms instead of Fourier transforms to improve bandwidth efficiency and reduce interference for MC-CDMA systems. Simulation results from the literature show that wavelet packet based MC-CDMA can outperform FFT based MC-CDMA in terms of lower bit error rates, especially in frequency selective fading channels. The rationale given is that wavelet transforms eliminate the need for cyclic prefixes, thereby improving spectral efficiency over traditional MC-CDMA schemes.
Flooding_vs_Gossiping_By_Debraj_Paul.pptx
This document discusses energy efficient routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. It introduces wireless sensor networks and outlines some of their design challenges, including energy conservation. It then discusses routing protocols like flooding and gossiping, explaining how gossiping is more energy efficient by avoiding flooding's implosion problem. It also introduces the Tossim simulator and nesC programming language. Performance analysis is presented comparing the energy consumption of flooding and gossiping routing protocols, concluding that gossiping is more energy efficient. Future work to address gossiping's latency problem is also mentioned.
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Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed by Sandia Corporation for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration. The document outlines Sandia's project to dramatically speed up quasi-static time-series simulations of distributed photovoltaic impacts on the distribution grid. The goals are to develop algorithms to reduce simulation times from 10-120 hours currently to under 5 minutes, allowing utilities to better assess high penetrations of solar. Preliminary results show circuit reduction methods achieving over 90% reduction in complexity with minimal error.
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Sandia National Laboratories researched fluid inclusion and movement in tight rocks. They used modeling and experiments to understand how fluid inclusions migrate under thermal gradients and how their shape and movement are affected by factors like inclusion size, thermal gradient, solubility, and permeability of the surrounding rock. Their goal is to better understand how fluids can move even in very tight rocks and how this movement may impact issues like waste isolation.
13 ensa enun 32 p rail cask transport tests start june 2017 mcconnell sand201...
Sandia National Laboratories and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory are conducting tests of a Spanish-designed spent nuclear fuel transport cask to collect data on stresses to the spent fuel during normal transport conditions. Tests will include transport by heavy-haul truck, ship, and rail in both the U.S. and Europe between June and August 2017. Instrumented mock fuel assemblies will collect strain and acceleration data during all transport stages and mode transfers. The data will help validate that spent fuel integrity is maintained during normal transport vibrations and impacts.
03 dry cask simulator experiments for cfd validation durbin sand2017 4330 c
Sandia National Laboratories conducted experiments using a Dry Cask Simulator (DCS) to validate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for spent nuclear fuel storage cask thermal analyses. The DCS uses a scaled prototype boiling water reactor assembly inside a pressure vessel to simulate internal conditions of dry casks. Thermocouples measure temperature profiles under various decay heat and helium pressure conditions to model aboveground and belowground cask storage. Initial testing of the aboveground configuration showed good agreement between experimental temperature measurements and CFD simulations, within estimated uncertainties.
17 laboratory testing approach for intermediate scale borehole heater test mi...
Sandia National Laboratories is preparing to conduct laboratory testing and analysis related to an intermediate scale borehole heater test. The testing will involve analyzing rock core samples, gases, and brines before, during, and after the test to observe the effects of heating. Specific analyses will include measuring core properties like porosity and pore size, as well as analyzing gas and brine compositions through techniques like gas chromatography, ion chromatography, and ICP-MS. Preliminary brine analysis of three samples found them to have a Na-Mg-Cl composition typical of WIPP brines. The laboratory work aims to provide detailed data on material interactions and micro-mechanical processes during heating to inform long-term repository performance.
10 sfwst – disposal in argillite r&d barrier material degradation and int...
The document summarizes research being conducted by Sandia National Laboratories and Los Alamos National Laboratories on disposal of nuclear waste in deep geologic repositories. It discusses several modeling and experimental efforts, including reactive transport modeling to study the effects of decay heat on engineered barrier systems, clay interaction experiments to understand clay-metal interactions during corrosion of waste packages, and international collaborations on projects like FEBEX-DP to characterize the bentonite-concrete interface using X-ray computed tomography. It also summarizes preliminary thermodynamic modeling of steel corrosion and reactive transport modeling of the Closure Test Drift to simulate cement-water interactions.
07 international collaboration activities in disposal r and d relevance to r ...
1) The document discusses DOE's participation in various international R&D collaborations related to nuclear waste disposal, including projects in Switzerland, Sweden, Germany, China, and other countries.
2) These collaborations support the GDSA program by furthering scientific understanding of key disposal processes, improving process models, and providing data to validate GDSA models.
3) Specific collaborations discussed include the Mont Terri project, DECOVALEX, SKB task forces, and a planned HotBENT project, with details provided on how they contribute to modeling and understanding disposal system behavior.
59 an example of a regional geologic evaluation of argillite for disposal of ...
The document summarizes a regional geologic evaluation of the Pierre Shale formation for its potential to host a repository for high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel. The Pierre Shale has desirable properties like its depth, large extent, high clay content, and stable tectonic setting. The evaluation assesses available data on the formation's stratigraphy, hydrogeology, seismic activity, and other features to evaluate its suitability for long-term repository performance. The Pierre Shale is representative of clay-rich Cretaceous formations that warrant further review for a deep geologic repository.
51 update on the fifth worldwide review international approaches for nuclear ...
The document summarizes a recently released report on international approaches for nuclear waste disposal in geological formations. It describes the content of the report, which reviews the status of scientific and technical advances as of 2016 in nuclear waste disposal programs in 23 countries. It also provides information on how to access the full report online or from the websites listed. Finally, it briefly describes a workshop held in 2016 to discuss the report, noting that it involved participants from 12 countries who presented on waste disposal programs in 21 countries.
49 collaboration with swedish deep drilling project dobson lbnl
This document discusses collaboration between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Uppsala University on the Swedish Deep Drilling Project (COSC). The COSC project aims to drill two deep boreholes (COSC-1 and COSC-2) to study geological structures and characterize basement rocks and hydrology. COSC-1 will drill through the Seve Nappe to study channel flow, reaching a depth of 2.5 km with 100% core recovery. Funded activities for COSC-1 include logging the borehole to detect flowing fractures, modeling fluid flow, analyzing microbial communities in fractures, characterizing water compositions, and studying fractured core samples.
46 collaboration with clausthal germany on coupled thm modeling rutqvist lbnl
This document summarizes a collaboration between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Clausthal University on coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) modeling of salt. It discusses the TOUGH-FLAC and FLAC-TOUGH simulators, benchmarking results, improvements made to both codes, and an example collaboration project modeling heater tests at the Asse mine. The collaboration has improved salt THM modeling through code comparisons and jointly developing new constitutive models.
34 ciscc susceptibility and cgr testing sindelar srnl sti-2017-00323
1) Testing was conducted on teardrop-shaped samples of 304L stainless steel exposed to salt/dust mixtures to evaluate chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) susceptibility and crack growth rates (CGRs).
2) Visual indications of pitting and preliminary CGRs around 0.5 mm/year were observed. Additional testing is needed to better characterize cracking and the influence of sensitization.
3) Residual stresses from welding were identified as a potential driving force for CISCC in spent nuclear fuel canisters. Remote visual examination techniques may have limitations for cracking detection.
4) There is currently no consensus on an ASME code case for canister in-service inspection due to open questions around
33 residual stress simulation and experimental stress replication of mock up ...
This document discusses simulations and experiments related to residual stress and stress corrosion cracking in welded mock-ups. It summarizes residual stress simulations of circumferential and longitudinal welds using finite element analysis and compares results to experimental measurements. It also describes the design of four-point bend experiments using finite element simulations to replicate stress conditions and digital image correlation experiments to validate simulations. The purpose is to model stress corrosion cracking using multiphysics finite element analysis.
32 field test at maine yankee independent spent fuel storage instillation gor...
The document summarizes a field test being conducted at the Maine Yankee Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation to study chloride deposition and stress corrosion cracking of stainless steel canisters containing spent nuclear fuel. Small specimens will be placed in the air circulation vents of four dry storage canisters and monitored over time to evaluate environmental conditions and potential canister degradation. Analysis indicates the small amount of vent blockage caused by the specimens will not significantly impact temperatures or be considered an off-normal condition. The results are intended to help understand long-term aging of the canister material.
30 fe heater test at mont terri rutqvist lbnl
The document summarizes the Full-scale Emplacement (FE) Experiment being conducted at Mont Terri, Switzerland. The experiment involves heating three heaters embedded in a buffer of bentonite clay and surrounded by instrumented Opalinus clay host rock. The goals are to test the performance of a geological disposal system and monitor thermal, hydrological, mechanical, and chemical processes. International modeling teams are benchmarking models against experimental data. Initial modeling matches observed temperature and moisture profiles well using a reduced vapor diffusion coefficient. Continued monitoring and interpretive modeling will focus more on mechanical stresses developing from swelling and thermal effects over the multi-year experiment.
29 international collaboration in disposal research fs experiment at mont ter...
The document summarizes an experiment conducted at the Mont Terri rock laboratory in Switzerland to study the potential for leakage along faults intersecting an underground radioactive waste repository. The experiment involved injecting water into a borehole intersecting a fault to incrementally increase pressure and monitor permeability changes, seismic activity, and deformation. Seismic events up to magnitude -2.5 were observed during one injection stage when pressure exceeded the strength of the fault-damage zone interface. Analysis showed 75% of fault movement was aseismic and a large pressure drop preceded seismic slip events. Future work includes studying how distant earthquakes may impact fault permeability and long-term injection tests.
28 international collaboration in disposal research mont terri project birkho...
The Mont Terri Project is an international research project studying clay and shale formations for radioactive waste disposal. It provides access to an underground rock laboratory and experimental data from experiments addressing various factors important for disposal. Current and upcoming experiments include studies of thermomechanical-hydrological effects, bentonite and clay barrier performance, gas leakage, diffusion of radionuclides, and cement-clay interactions. The project recently celebrated its 20th anniversary and plans to expand the underground rock laboratory for new experiments.
27b potential hot bent collaboration zheng v0 lbnl
The document discusses a potential collaboration called HotBENT to conduct a joint experiment at the Grimsel Test Site to evaluate the behavior of clay buffers at temperatures of 150-200°C. The experiment would provide data on clay properties at high temperatures that are limited in current models. Partners like NAGRA are interested to justify higher design temperatures that reduce costs and to ensure most of the clay buffer remains intact. A proposed experiment involves placing bentonite in the old FEBEX tunnel at Grimsel up to 200°C to study moisture transport and swelling properties over 5 years.
27a febex dp collaboration overview and related sfwst r and d activities zhen...
The document summarizes research from the FEBEX-DP collaboration studying the full-scale FEBEX bentonite experiment located in Grimsel, Switzerland. It discusses characterization of the bentonite following dismantling of heater #2, including changes to density, water content, mineralogy, and pore water chemistry. THM and THMC models were developed and validated against experimental data to analyze thermal-hydrological-mechanical and chemical processes. Microstructural analysis using synchrotron X-ray microCT provided 3D characterization of the bentonite microstructure. Further work is focused on refining chemical models, analyzing gas evolution and microbial activity, and characterizing the bentonite-concrete interface.
More from leann_mays (20)
43 international collaboration skb ebs task force overview jove-colon sand2...
43 international collaboration skb ebs task force overview jove-colon sand2...
31 session corrosion of spent nuclear fuel canisters bryan sand2017 5541 pe
31 session corrosion of spent nuclear fuel canisters bryan sand2017 5541 pe
27 task f fluid inclusion and movement in tight rocks wang sand2017-4132 pe...
27 task f fluid inclusion and movement in tight rocks wang sand2017-4132 pe...
13 ensa enun 32 p rail cask transport tests start june 2017 mcconnell sand201...
13 ensa enun 32 p rail cask transport tests start june 2017 mcconnell sand201...
03 dry cask simulator experiments for cfd validation durbin sand2017 4330 c
03 dry cask simulator experiments for cfd validation durbin sand2017 4330 c
17 laboratory testing approach for intermediate scale borehole heater test mi...
17 laboratory testing approach for intermediate scale borehole heater test mi...
10 sfwst – disposal in argillite r&d barrier material degradation and int...
10 sfwst – disposal in argillite r&d barrier material degradation and int...
07 international collaboration activities in disposal r and d relevance to r ...
07 international collaboration activities in disposal r and d relevance to r ...
59 an example of a regional geologic evaluation of argillite for disposal of ...
59 an example of a regional geologic evaluation of argillite for disposal of ...
51 update on the fifth worldwide review international approaches for nuclear ...
51 update on the fifth worldwide review international approaches for nuclear ...
49 collaboration with swedish deep drilling project dobson lbnl
49 collaboration with swedish deep drilling project dobson lbnl
46 collaboration with clausthal germany on coupled thm modeling rutqvist lbnl
46 collaboration with clausthal germany on coupled thm modeling rutqvist lbnl
34 ciscc susceptibility and cgr testing sindelar srnl sti-2017-00323
34 ciscc susceptibility and cgr testing sindelar srnl sti-2017-00323
33 residual stress simulation and experimental stress replication of mock up ...
33 residual stress simulation and experimental stress replication of mock up ...
32 field test at maine yankee independent spent fuel storage instillation gor...
32 field test at maine yankee independent spent fuel storage instillation gor...
29 international collaboration in disposal research fs experiment at mont ter...
29 international collaboration in disposal research fs experiment at mont ter...
28 international collaboration in disposal research mont terri project birkho...
28 international collaboration in disposal research mont terri project birkho...
27b potential hot bent collaboration zheng v0 lbnl
27b potential hot bent collaboration zheng v0 lbnl
27a febex dp collaboration overview and related sfwst r and d activities zhen...
27a febex dp collaboration overview and related sfwst r and d activities zhen...
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Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
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About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
Synopsis presentation VDR gene polymorphism and anemia (2).pptx
I am the PhD scholar of FND department, Assam down town University
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coasts
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
seed production, Nursery & Gardening.pdf
This presentation offers a general idea of the structure of seed, seed production, management of seeds and its allied technologies. It also offers the concept of gene erosion and the practices used to control it. Nursery and gardening have been widely explored along with their importance in the related domain.
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Reaching the age of Adolescence- Class 8
This is a presentation on understanding the age of adolescence.
Post translation modification by Suyash Garg
overview of PTM helps to the students who wants to clear their basics about it.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and ReplicabilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Abstract: Reproducibility (aka determinism in some cases) constitutes a fundamental aspect in various fields of computer science, such as floating-point computations in numerical analysis and simulation, concurrency models in parallelism, reproducible builds for third parties integration and packaging, and containerization for execution environments. These concepts, while pervasive across diverse concerns, often exhibit intricate inter-dependencies, making it challenging to achieve a comprehensive understanding. In this short and vision paper we delve into the application of software engineering techniques, specifically variability management, to systematically identify and explicit points of variability that may give rise to reproducibility issues (eg language, libraries, compiler, virtual machine, OS, environment variables, etc). The primary objectives are: i) gaining insights into the variability layers and their possible interactions, ii) capturing and documenting configurations for the sake of reproducibility, and iii) exploring diverse configurations to replicate, and hence validate and ensure the robustness of results. By adopting these methodologies, we aim to address the complexities associated with reproducibility and replicability in modern software systems and environments, facilitating a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective on these critical aspects.
https://hal.science/hal-04582287
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Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
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Synopsis presentation VDR gene polymorphism and anemia (2).pptx
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Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
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MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
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SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
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Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
38 june 8 june 8_comparison of descrete fracture network and fractured continuum modeling approaches for simulating flow and transport through_viswanathan
- 1. Used Fuel Disposition Campaign Preliminary results on comparing conceptual approach of DFN (LANL) and FCM (SNL) models Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04- 94AL85000. SAND2016-nnnnn Hari Viswanathan, Nataliia Makedonska, Satish Karra, Jeffrey Hyman Los Alamos National Laboratory Hadgu Teklu, Elena Kalinina, Yifeng Wang, Emily Stein Sandia National Laboratories 2016 UFDC Annual Working Group Meeting Session, June, 2016 Las Vegas, NV
- 2. Used Fuel Disposition 2 DFN model Discrete Fracture Network Fractured Continuum Model Discrete Fracture Network Model generates fracture networks similar to those observed on natural sites using site fracture characteristics. DFN undertakes fracture percolation between boundary faces of the simulation domain. DFN provides all necessary information for FCM for the transport and flow comparison.
- 3. Used Fuel Disposition DFNWorks 3 dfnGen – Network Generation using FRAM dfnFlow – Flow simulation using PFLOTRAN dfnTrans – Lagrangian Transport using a modification of WALKABOUT
- 4. Used Fuel Disposition Step 1: Generate Fracture Networks using DFNWorks Three fracture sets are generated based on Forsmark site fracture characteristics (Table 6-75 SKB report TR10-52) Fracture transmissivity is defined as function of fracture size Fracture aperture is correlated to fracture size and calculated from transmissivity using cubic law 4
- 5. Used Fuel Disposition 5 Step 1: Generate Fracture Networks using DFNWorks Example of DFN realization Statistical distributions of fracture network: Fracture Size Fracture Aperture Fracture Permeability
- 6. Used Fuel Disposition Step 2: Mapping DFN into Continuum 6
- 7. Used Fuel Disposition Step 2: Mapping DFN into Continuum 7 • The fracture network structure of the DFN is mapped into regular voxel mesh. • Each voxel in the hexahedral mesh has dimensions of 10 m. • The list of fractures intersecting each voxel is created and passed to FCM team. • DFN team proceeds with DFN.
- 8. Used Fuel Disposition Step 3: Steady State Flow Solution, PFLOTRAN 8 Flow direction: West-East Pressure gradient: 103 Pa Compare Effective Permeability of DFNs and FCM: Effective permeability of 5 realizations is in the range: DFN 3.347 e-17 – 4.242 e-17 m2 FCM 3.68 e-17 – 4.67 e-17 m2 SUCCESS !
- 9. Used Fuel Disposition Step 4: Modeling Transport Using Lagrangian Particle Tracking 9 3000 particles trajectories colored by their travel time in log scale
- 10. Used Fuel Disposition 10 Step 4: Modeling Transport Using Lagrangian Particle Tracking Breakthrough curves of 5 independent DFN realizations with similar characteristics. 250.000 particles contribute to each BTC.
- 11. Used Fuel Disposition Future Steps Compare BTC with transport results of FCM model Expect differences due to presence of matrix diffusion in FCM model Estimate the contribution of matrix diffusion and other processes in interface between fractures surface and rock matrix. 11