This document is a student project that analyzes the caffeine content in different tea samples. The student thanks those who helped with the project and describes the methodology. Extractions of tea leaves were done using water and chloroform, then caffeine residues were weighed. The red label tea contained the most caffeine at 0.6g, followed by yellow label at 0.55g, with green label containing the least at 0.45g. In conclusion, the project found that caffeine levels varied between tea samples.
For 11th and 12th grade students, an investigatory project on the topic "Determination of Caffeine in Tea Samples".
Subject: Chemistry.
That's all folks, see ya :)
For 11th and 12th grade students, an investigatory project on the topic "Determination of Caffeine in Tea Samples".
Subject: Chemistry.
That's all folks, see ya :)
Class 12 Chemistry Investigatory Project Work, Practical- Determination of Ca...Kendriya Vidyalaya
Class 12 Chemistry Investigatory Project Work, Practical- Determination of Caffeine in Tea Samples
Just edit the name in first and second page of this project and the project is all yours.
Watch my video for further explaination
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IoOGG_SBzw&lc=z22ju3nxqvrvzrghz04t1aokgmmjnqr0ld5exqhxchswrk0h00410
In this presentation we have performed an....Investigatory Project Report on Tannic Acid in Tea Leaves. This ppt will give you a clear understanding about the presence of Tannic Acid in Tea Leaves. This is the demo version having 10/17 slides.
Tannic Acid in Tea Leaves is a topic of Science (Chemistry) class 12.
#tannicacid #tea #tannicacidintea #chemistry #version_2
Preparation Of Soy Milk And Its Comparison With Natural Milk Class XII Chemis...Deepak Bhandari
This is the project report on the topic "Preparation Of Soy Milk And Its Comparison With Natural Milk" for class 12th (XII) Students. I hope this will help.
Class 12 Chemistry Investigatory Project Work, Practical- Determination of Ca...Kendriya Vidyalaya
Class 12 Chemistry Investigatory Project Work, Practical- Determination of Caffeine in Tea Samples
Just edit the name in first and second page of this project and the project is all yours.
Watch my video for further explaination
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IoOGG_SBzw&lc=z22ju3nxqvrvzrghz04t1aokgmmjnqr0ld5exqhxchswrk0h00410
In this presentation we have performed an....Investigatory Project Report on Tannic Acid in Tea Leaves. This ppt will give you a clear understanding about the presence of Tannic Acid in Tea Leaves. This is the demo version having 10/17 slides.
Tannic Acid in Tea Leaves is a topic of Science (Chemistry) class 12.
#tannicacid #tea #tannicacidintea #chemistry #version_2
Preparation Of Soy Milk And Its Comparison With Natural Milk Class XII Chemis...Deepak Bhandari
This is the project report on the topic "Preparation Of Soy Milk And Its Comparison With Natural Milk" for class 12th (XII) Students. I hope this will help.
Do you drink coffee? You may have heard of its health benefits recently, and they do exist. However, there are also some drawbacks to it as well.
Is coffee good for you? The truth is, it all depends on your personal level of health and sensitivity. Dr. Pat Nardini, a naturopathic doctor, lays out coffee's greatest benefits and drawbacks so you can make an informed decision about your health.
This experiment is to determine and compare the caffeine contents in the caffeinated drinks that we can found in our market. We are conducting the experiment regarding the chemical content in food including beverages. Hence we choose to set up our experiment to find out the caffeinated drink that are available and legal in our country. We are interested in the alkaloid --- caffeine (C8H10N4O2) which is very common substance in many drinks, such as coffee, tea, Coca-Cola etc. Adults or even students will drink a cup of coffee to temporarily restoring alertness and warding off drowsiness. However, we construct the question by setting that how much caffeine really contained in these drinks? How can we determine the amount of caffeine in coffee? The following project will investigate the chemical test for caffeine. At first, we extract caffeine from coffee. Then we need to prove that the extraction contain caffeine. Finally we try to find out the amount of caffeine in coffee. All the tests we investigate can be done in school laboratory, and pure caffeine is bought for verifying and investigating these chemical tests. We hope that these tests can be further developed in order to become more popular, more efficient, lower the cost and less pollute to environment.
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
Ellisha Heppner, Grant Management Lead, presented an update on APNIC Foundation to the PNG DNS Forum held from 6 to 10 May, 2024 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
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Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
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4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
1. 1
Know How much caffeine you are
taking in with each cup of tea!
Project Prepared By:
Ankit Bahuguna
XII-A
Roll Number:
Lovely Public Sr. Sec. School (P.D. Vihar)
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First of all I would like to thank my cousin brother
Mr. Neeraj Naithani Research Scholar Department
of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee for his contribution in this
study. I would also like to thank my Chemistry
Teacher Ms. Rampal in providing a helping hand in
making my project titled “Determination Of
Caffeine In Tea Samples”.
Disclaimers: The errors idiocies and inconsistencies
remain my own.
Ankit Bahuguna
(Name and signature of the student)
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3. 3
It is hereby certify that, the
original and genuine research
work is carried out to investigate
abut the subject matter and the
related data collection and has
been completed solely and
satisfactorily by this student
regarding the Project titled
“Determination Of Caffeine In Tea
Samples”.
Signature
(Subject Teacher)
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5. 5
INTRODUCTION
Tea is the most commonly and widely used
soft beverage in the household. It acts as a
stimulant for central nervous system and
skeletal muscles. That is why tea removes
fatigue, tiredness and headache. It also
increases the capacity of thinking. It is also
used for lowering body temperature. The
principal constituent of tea, which is
responsible for all these properties, is the
alkaloid-caffeine. The amount of caffeine in
tea leavers varies from sample to sample.
Originally it was thought that caffeine is
responsible for the taste and flavour of tea.
But pure caffeine has been found to be a
tasteless while substance. Therefore, the
taste and flavour of tea is due to some other
substance present in it. There is a little
doubt that the popularity of the xanthenes
beverages depends on their stimulant
action, although most people are unaware
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of any stimulation. The degree to which an
individual is stimulated by given amount of
caffeine varies from individual to
individual.
For example, some people boast their
ability to drink several cups of coffee in
evening and yet sleep like a long, on the
other hand there are people who are so
sensitive to caffeine that even a single cup
of coffee will cause a response boarding on
the toxic.
The xanthene beverages also create a
medical problem. They are dietary of a
stimulant of the CNS. Often the physicians
face the question whether to deny caffeine-
containing beverages to patients or not. In
fact children are more susceptible than
adults to excitation by xanthenes.
For this reason, tea and coffee should be
excluded from their diet. Even cocoa is of
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doubtful value. It has a high tannin content
may be as high as 50 mg per cup.
After all our main stress is on the presence
of caffeine in xanthene beverages and so in
this project we will study and observe the
quantity of caffeine varying in different
samples of tea leaves.
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Theory
The most important methylated alkaloid
that occurs naturally is caffeine. Its
molecular formula is C8H10N4O2. Its IUPAC
name is 1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthene and
common name is 1-methylated
thiobromine.
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Purely it is white, crystalline solid in the
form of needles. Its melting point is 1230c. It
is the main active principle component of
tea leaves. It is present in tea leaves up to
3% and can be extracted by first boiling the
tea leaves with water which dissolves many
glycoside compounds in addition to
caffeine. The clear solution is then treated
with lead acetate to precipitate the
glycoside compounds in the form of lead
complex. The clear filtrate is then extracted
with extracts caffeine because it is more
soluble in it then water.
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Uses of Caffeine :
1.In medicine, it is used to stimulate,
central nervous system and to increase
flow of urine.
2.Because of its stimulating effects,
caffeine has been used to relieve fatigue.
But it is dangerous and one may
collapse if not consumes it under certain
limit.
3. Caffeine is also used in analgesic
tablets, as it is believed to be a pain
reliever. It is also beneficial in
migraines.
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Effects of Caffeine
1.It is psycho - stimulant.
2.It improves physical and mental ability.
3.Its effect in learning is doubtful but
intellectual performance may improve
where it has been used to reduce fatigue
or boredom.
4.When administered internally, it
stimulates heart and nervous system
and also acts as diuretic. On the
contrary their excessive use is harmful
to digestion and their long use leads to
mental retardation.
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Procedure
⇒ First of all, 50 grams of tea leaves
were taken as sample and 150 ml of
water was added to it in a beaker.
⇒ Then the beaker was heated up to
extreme boiling.
⇒ The solution was filtered and lead
acetate was added to the filtrater,
leading to the formation of a curdy
brown coloured precipitate.
⇒ We kept on adding lead acetate till no
more precipitate has been formed.
⇒ Again solution was filtered.
⇒ Now the filtrate so obtained was
heated until it had become 50 ml.
⇒ Then the solution left was allowed to
cool.
⇒ After that, 20 ml. of chloroform was
added to it.
⇒ Soon after, two layers appeared in the
separating funnel.
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⇒ We separated the lower layer.
⇒ The solution then exposed to
atmosphere in order to allow
chloroform to get evaporated.
⇒ The residue left behind was caffeine.
⇒ Then we weighed it and recorded the
observations.
Similar procedure was performed with
different samples of tealeaves and quantity
of caffeine was observed in them
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1.Red Label Tea (Brooke Bond)
Weight of china dish 46.60gms
Weight of china dish
with precipitate
47.20gms.
Amount of caffeine 0.60gms
222...YYYeeellllllooowww LLLaaabbbeeelll TTTeeeaaa (((LLLiiippptttooonnn)))
Weight of china dish 46.60gms
Weight of china dish
with precipitate
47.15gms.
Amount of caffeine 0.55gms
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333...GGGrrreeeeeennn LLLaaabbbeeelll TTTeeeaaa (((LLLiiippptttooonnn)))
Weight of china dish 46.60gms.
Weight of china dish
with precipitate
47.05gms.
Amount of caffeine 0.45gms.
1. Quantity of caffeine in Red label tea
is 60mg. /sample of 50 gm.
2. Quantity of caffeine in yellow label
tea is 55mg./sample of 50 gm.
3. Quantity of caffeine in green label tea
is 45mg./sample of 50 gm.
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Graphically plotting various tea samples in
accordance with the amount of caffeine
present in them we present a stunning find:
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
60 mg 55 mg 45 mg
RED LABEL YELLOW LABEL GREEN LABEL
Order of quantities of caffeine in
different samples of tealeaves
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