This document discusses health planning principles and processes. It defines health planning as identifying community health problems, needs, and resources to meet them. The planning cycle involves analyzing the current health situation, assessing resources, prioritizing issues, setting goals and objectives, implementing plans, monitoring, and evaluating results. Key aspects of planning include determining community health needs, setting SMART objectives and measurable targets, and utilizing a three step process of plan formulation, execution/monitoring, and evaluation. The overall goal of planning is to efficiently match limited resources with identified health problems.

1. Health Planning
Planning Cycle
Dr Swaroop Kumar Sahu
Department of PSM
JIPMER

2. PRINCIPLES OF PHC
1. EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION
2. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
3. INTERSECTORAL APPROACH
4. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
FOCUS ON PREVENTION

4. Elements of Primary Health Care
1. Education for health
2. Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition
3. Safe water supply and sanitation
4. Maternal and child health and family planning
5. Immunization against infectious diseases
6. Control of locally endemic diseases
7. Treatment for common diseases
8. Provision of essential drugs

5. Functions of PHC
1. Medical care (7 and 8)
2. RCH (4 and 5)
3. Safe water supply & basic sanitation (3)
4. Prevention and control of locally endemic
diseases (6)
5. Collection and reporting of vital statistics
6. Health education (1)
7. National Health Programmes
8. Referral Service
9. Training of ASHA, HW Dais, Health Assistant
10.Basic Lab Service

6. Population catered by various Health Centers
RURAL URBAN
Subcenters
[Health Workers]
3000-5000 15000-20000
Primary Health Centers
[Medical Officer]
20000-30000 50000
Community Health
Centers
80000-120000 250000-500000
District Hospitals

7. Definition of Management
• “Management is getting things done through
and with people”

8. Administration Vs Management
• Administration
– Policy-making
– Planning
– Decision making
• Management
– Supervision
– Implementation
– Operational aspects

9. • Policy: Provide guidelines for decisions and
actions
• Programs: It is a set of those activities which
have a specific time schedule and a distinct
mission
• Strategies: Focus on best course of action
among the alternatives

10. Health Planning
 Definition of Health Planning
 Purpose of Health Planning
 What are Community Health Needs
and demands?
 Goals, Objectives, Targets
 Planning Cycle

11. Health Planning
• Defined as “
–the orderly process of defining community
health problems,
–identifying unmet needs and
–surveying the resources to meet them,
–establishing priority goals that are realistic and
feasible and
–projecting administrative actions to accomplish
the purpose of the proposed programme”
–Evaluation

12. Health Planning
 Definition of Health Planning
 Purpose of Health Planning
 What are Community Health Needs
and demands?
 Goals, Objectives, Targets
 Planning Cycle

13. Purpose of Planning
1. Identifying community health problems
and unmet needs
2. Match the limited Resources with
problems
3. Eliminate wasteful expenditure
4. Develop best course of action
Implementation
Evaluation

14. Health Planning
 Definition of Health Planning
 Purpose of Health Planning
 What are Community Health Needs
and demands?
 Goals, Objectives, Targets
 Planning Cycle

15. What are Community Health Needs?
• Health needs – deficiencies in health that call for
preventive, curative, control or eradication measures
– Medical Care
– Safe water supply and sanitation
– Adequate Nutrition
– Immunization
– Family Planning
• Health Demands – People’s needs
• Unmet needs
• Health needs and demands by community Vs Health
needs as perceived by experts

16. Health Planning
 Definition of Health Planning
 Purpose of Health Planning
 What are Community Health Needs
and demands?
 Goals, Objectives, Targets
 Planning Cycle

17. Goal, Objectives, Targets
• Goal is defined as the ultimate desired state towards which
objectives and resources are directed
– not constrained by time or resources; broad
• Objectives: Planned end-point of all activities; either
achieved / not achieved
 S - Specific
 M - Measurable
 A - Achievable
 R - Realistic
 T - Time bound
• Targets: Discrete activity reflecting degree of achievement
– Number of blood films collected
– Number of Vasectomies done

18. Goal, Objectives, Targets
• Goal: Reduce mortality and morbidity due to TB
• Objectives:
– Early detection and treatment of atleast 90% of
estimated all types of TB cases in the community
– Successfully treatment of atleast 90% of New TB cases,
and atleast 85% of previously-treated cases
• Targets
– Detection and treatment of about 87 lakh TB patients
during the 12th five year plan

19. Health Planning
 Definition of Health Planning
 Purpose of Health Planning
 What are Community Health Needs
and demands?
 Goals, Objectives, Targets
 Planning Cycle

20. 3 broad steps of Planning
Planning: “Blue print for taking
Actions”
1. Plan formulation
a) Assessment of current status
b) Identification of desired state for
future
2. Execution and monitoring
3. Evaluation

22. Planning Cycle
• Defined as a process of
1. Analyzing a system (Health situation)
 Defining a problem
 Assessing the extent to which the problem exists as a need
2. Assessment of Resources
3. Fixing Priorities
 Choosing from among alternative intervention strategies
4. Formulating Goals and Objectives
5. Write-up of formulated plan
6. Initiating necessary action (Programming and Implementation)
7. Monitoring to ensure proper implementation of plan
8. Evaluating the results of intervention

23. Resources
• Manpower
• Money
• Materials
• Time
• Knowledge / Skill / Techniques

24. 3 broad steps of Planning
Planning: “Blue print for taking
Actions”
1. Plan formulation
a) Assessment of current status
b) Identification of desired state for
future
2. Execution and monitoring
3. Evaluation

25. Exercise
• Plan Happiness Program for various priority
groups in your PHC area
• Plan to address under-5 malnutrition in your
PHC area
• Plan to address anaemia among adolescents
and antenatal mothers in your PHC area
• Plan for facilitating Covid-19 vaccination in
your PHC area

26. Next Class….
• Evaluation of Health Services
• Modern Management Techniques
– Network Analysis
• Critical Path Method (CPM)
• Project Evaluation & Review Technique (PERT)
– Management by Objectives (MBO)
– Total Quality Management (TQM)