Ecosystem presentation for Environmental Science and Engineering

1. ECOSYSTEMS
Environmental Engineering and Sciences
BS ECE 3A

2. What are Ecosystems?
are communities of
organisms that interact with
one another and with their
physical environment,
including sunlight, rainfall,
and soil nutrients.

3. Ecosystems can vary from region to region

4. Within each Ecosystems
 Are habitats that
are defined as a
place where a
population of
organisms lives.

5. Ecosystems
 Can also be defined as
systems into which matter
flows.
 Can also change with time

6. Natural Artificial
The lake, the tidal pool,
or the forest is usually
natural.
aquariums,
agriculture fields,
zoos, etc.
Ecosystems can also be:

7. Human influences on
Ecosystems
Although ecosystems change naturally, human activity can
speed up natural processes by several orders of magnitude (in
terms of time).
 Seemingly harmless or beneficial
activities can wreak havoc on the
environment.
 Human activity can also change
ecosystems through the
destruction of species. The loss
of habitat can threaten the
existence of individual species
within an ecosystem.

8. Energy and Mass Flow
Ecosystems would not be possible were
it not for the flow of energy into them.

9. The sun is the primary source of this
energy because all biological life is
dependent on the green plants that use
sunlight as a source of energy.
As such, sunlight-using
organisms are called
primary producers.

10. an organism that can produce its own food
using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other
chemicals.
obtain their carbon from inorganic
sources through photosynthesis.
Autotrophs
Photoautotrophs

11. Can obtain energy through photosynthesis
but cannot convert carbon dioxide into oxygen.
Organisms that obtain their energy from
organic or inorganic carbon rather than
from light.
Photoheterotrop
hs
Chemotrophs

12. It uses inorganic or organic
compounds as energy sources; however,
they use only preformed reduced organic
chemicals as a source of carbon for cell
synthesis.
Examples are: Animals, fungi, bacteria
etc.
Chemoheterotrophs

13. Primary
Consumers
They are also
called herbivores
since they eat
primary producers;
plants or algae, and
nothing else.
Secondary
Consumers
• They are also called
omnivores because
they eat both plant
and animal materials
for energy.
Tertiary
Consumers
• Organisms that
obtain their energy
by eating primary
and secondary
consumers. They are
usually carnivorous
predators.

14. Decomposers
Organism that breaks
down dead organic
material; also sometimes
referred to as detritivores.

15. Bioaccumulation
Bioaccumulation refers to the process by which
substances, typically toxins or pollutants, accumulate in
organisms over time.
For example:
mercury in fish: Industrial activities release
mercury into water bodies. Fish absorb
mercury, and as larger fish eat smaller ones,
the mercury concentration accumulates up
the food chain, posing a risk to organisms at
higher trophic levels, including humans.

16. Biomagnification
is the process that results in the accumulation of
a chemical in an organism at higher levels than are
found in its own food.
It occurs when a
chemical becomes more
and more concentrated as it
moves up through a food
chain.

17. POPULATIO
N
DYNAMICS
• Bacterial Growth
• Animal Population dynamics
• Human population dynamics

18. Population
In statistics, a population is
the pool of individuals from
which a statistical sample
is drawn for a study
(Momoh, 2022).
Dynamics
The science of the motion
of bodies and the action of
forces in producing or
changing their motion.

19. Bacterial Growth
1. Starting Slow - Lag Phase: When bacteria are introduced into a new environment,
they typically undergo a period of adaptation known as the lag phase.
2. Speeding Up - Log Phase: Once bacteria feel comfortable, they start multiplying
rapidly.
3. Leveling Off - Stationary Phase: Eventually, as the bacterial population grows, the
availability of nutrients and space may become limited, and waste products may
accumulate.
4. Going Downhill - Decline Phase: If conditions keep getting worse, like running out
of food completely or the environment becoming toxic, the bacteria start dying off
faster than they're multiplying. Their population shrinks until there are very few left,
and sometimes, they might disappear altogether.

20. Animal Population Dynamics
Animal population dynamics refers to how the numbers of animals in a
particular area change over time. It's like keeping track of how many animals
there are, whether they're increasing, decreasing, or staying the same.
Here's a simple breakdown:
1. Starting Point
2. Births and Deaths
3. Migration
4. Environmental Factors
5. Human Influence

21. Human Population Dynamics
Human population dynamics is all about how the number of people in the
world changes over time. It's like keeping track of how many people there are,
whether that number is going up, down, or staying the same.
Here's a simple breakdown:
1. Starting Point
2. Births and Deaths
3. Migration
4. Health and Medicine
5. Quality of Life