The document discusses client-server architecture and its evolution from centralized to distributed processing. It provides examples of different types of client-server systems including those with file servers where clients request file services from a centralized server, and systems with database servers where clients interact with backend database management systems over a network. The key aspects of client-server include independent clients and servers, transparent resource sharing, and scalability.
This document describes Codero's flexible managed hosting solutions that can reduce expenses, streamline processes, and improve server uptime and availability. Managed hosting delivers comprehensive services like monitoring, security, backups and more to eliminate the need for in-house IT resources. Codero offers different managed hosting plans at affordable monthly rates starting at $30 that include services like email, DNS management, and software updates.
Emulex OneConnect Universal Converged Network Adapter (UCNA) platform enables efficient, robust and high-performance connectivity for all business applications while protecting IT investment in existing LAN and SAN infrastructure.
STN Event 12.8.09 - Chris Vain Powerpoint Presentationmcini
Traditional disaster recovery approaches have limitations around cost, complexity, and long recovery times. Virtualization provides opportunities to simplify and automate disaster recovery management while reducing costs. Solutions like VMware Site Recovery Manager leverage storage replication between sites to automate the failover and recovery of virtual workloads, enabling non-disruptive testing and faster recovery. Specialized vendors also offer workload-focused solutions for virtual machine protection and recovery.
Tutorial on Constructing a Web-Server with Patterns at ADC 2004 David Freitas
The document discusses a conference about advanced web development that will take place on October 10-11, 2004. One of the presentations will be about constructing a high-performance web server using patterns. The presentation will discuss key challenges for web servers, including different concurrency models, event demultiplexing approaches, and file caching strategies. It will present the reactor pattern as a way to separate event demultiplexing from event processing to address these challenges.
This document provides an overview of the Advanced ACE Tutorial presented by Douglas C. Schmidt. It discusses key object-oriented (OO) concepts like patterns, frameworks, and components that help address the inherent and accidental complexities of developing concurrent and distributed applications. The Adaptive Communication Environment (ACE) is presented as an example of an OO framework that incorporates many patterns to provide reusable middleware services for building networked and multithreaded applications.
Denial of Service in Software Defined NetoworksMohammad Faraji
The document discusses denial of service attacks in software defined networks. It proposes a method to isolate application traffic in an extended cloud computing environment using software defined networking. This would decrease the chance of denial of service attacks by allowing applications to define their own network topology and security policies on a fine-grained level, preventing attacks from affecting other applications' traffic.
This document describes Codero's flexible managed hosting solutions that can reduce expenses, streamline processes, and improve server uptime and availability. Managed hosting delivers comprehensive services like monitoring, security, backups and more to eliminate the need for in-house IT resources. Codero offers different managed hosting plans at affordable monthly rates starting at $30 that include services like email, DNS management, and software updates.
Emulex OneConnect Universal Converged Network Adapter (UCNA) platform enables efficient, robust and high-performance connectivity for all business applications while protecting IT investment in existing LAN and SAN infrastructure.
STN Event 12.8.09 - Chris Vain Powerpoint Presentationmcini
Traditional disaster recovery approaches have limitations around cost, complexity, and long recovery times. Virtualization provides opportunities to simplify and automate disaster recovery management while reducing costs. Solutions like VMware Site Recovery Manager leverage storage replication between sites to automate the failover and recovery of virtual workloads, enabling non-disruptive testing and faster recovery. Specialized vendors also offer workload-focused solutions for virtual machine protection and recovery.
Tutorial on Constructing a Web-Server with Patterns at ADC 2004 David Freitas
The document discusses a conference about advanced web development that will take place on October 10-11, 2004. One of the presentations will be about constructing a high-performance web server using patterns. The presentation will discuss key challenges for web servers, including different concurrency models, event demultiplexing approaches, and file caching strategies. It will present the reactor pattern as a way to separate event demultiplexing from event processing to address these challenges.
This document provides an overview of the Advanced ACE Tutorial presented by Douglas C. Schmidt. It discusses key object-oriented (OO) concepts like patterns, frameworks, and components that help address the inherent and accidental complexities of developing concurrent and distributed applications. The Adaptive Communication Environment (ACE) is presented as an example of an OO framework that incorporates many patterns to provide reusable middleware services for building networked and multithreaded applications.
Denial of Service in Software Defined NetoworksMohammad Faraji
The document discusses denial of service attacks in software defined networks. It proposes a method to isolate application traffic in an extended cloud computing environment using software defined networking. This would decrease the chance of denial of service attacks by allowing applications to define their own network topology and security policies on a fine-grained level, preventing attacks from affecting other applications' traffic.
This document summarizes a presentation on the UNICORE Server Components. It discusses how UNICORE provides a web services framework for job submission and management across different computing resources. Key points include:
- UNICORE uses a gateway, service containers, and atomic services to expose target systems through standardized web service interfaces.
- Atomic services include job management, storage management, and file transfer services that provide abstract access to computing jobs and files on remote systems.
- Security is handled through XUUDB authentication, XACML authorization policies, and message signing. Configurable security handlers provide flexibility.
This document provides an analysis of server virtualization savings over a 5 year period from 2013-2017. It summarizes the configuration of physical and virtualized servers, assumptions made, and projected savings in server hardware, power/cooling and storage by transitioning to a virtualized environment. Key metrics included are the reduction in number of servers from 400 physical to 22 virtual hosts, savings of $998,000 on server hardware and $915,388 on power/cooling costs by transitioning to virtualization.
This document discusses patterns of data distribution that are commonly used when building distributed systems and applications. It identifies three main patterns: publish-subscribe, point-to-point, and request-reply. The document argues that middleware platforms typically implement these patterns in a rigid way, whereas a better approach is for platforms to be built using fundamental "super-patterns" that can be constrained or composed to derive the common patterns. This allows platforms to be more flexible and performant while still providing familiar patterns to application developers. The document also discusses challenges for platform builders in areas like system architecture, performance, and application interfaces.
Requirements Evolution Drives Software EvolutionNeil Ernst
The document discusses how requirements evolution drives software evolution. It notes that changing requirements are costly and a major source of errors. The position is presented that understanding goals and why a system is being developed is important for determining how it should be developed. An example of requirements for the PCI Data Security Standard are provided and modeled using goals, tasks, and assumptions. The requirements evolution problem is defined as determining a new solution given modified requirements, domain assumptions, and goals that satisfies some desired property relating the new solution to the original solution. Maintaining minimal change effort is suggested as a useful property in requirements and software evolution.
The document discusses JPMorgan Chase's implementation of Oracle's Distributed Document Capture solution to address challenges with physical document storage. Key points:
- JPMorgan Chase stored over 6 million document boxes offsite which led to delays, inefficiencies, and costs in retrieving documents.
- The solution implemented a globally distributed scanning and indexing system connected to centralized repositories to digitize documents.
- Early pilots involved over 1,000 users across different business units. The system was expected to scale to over 3,500 users.
- Benefits included reducing storage and retrieval costs by digitizing documents and improving employee efficiency by making documents searchable online.
A great power point presentation for DBMS Concepts from start to end and with best examples chapter by chapter. Please go though each chapters sequentially for your knowledge.
A very easy going study material for better understanding and concepts of Database Management System.
The document discusses LinkedIn's infrastructure and technical challenges in building a distributed system to support their professional social network. Key points include:
- LinkedIn needed a way to efficiently perform graph computations across billions of connections stored in a database
- Storing the data in memory provided better performance but they needed a way to keep the in-memory data synchronized with the database
- They explored various options for a "databus" system to replicate database changes to multiple graph engines in real-time without missing any events
- The solution they developed uses Oracle's row-level change tracking to capture all transaction changes and replay them asynchronously to keep the graph engines synchronized with the database.
The document discusses System Center Virtual Machine Manager and its capabilities for managing virtualization infrastructure. It summarizes:
1. System Center VMM can deploy and manage virtual machines on different hypervisors like Microsoft Hyper-V, VMware vSphere, and Citrix XenServer.
2. It provides consistency across hypervisors by using the same methods to deploy services and manage virtualization.
3. Key capabilities of VMM include live migration, storage migration, networking abstractions, and tools for capacity management and rapid provisioning of virtual machines.
Eucalyptus is a cloud computing platform with a multi-tier service architecture. It has several components including the Cloud Controller (CLC), Walrus, Cluster Controller (CC), Storage Controller (SC), and Node Controller (NC). The CLC handles user requests and VM management. Walrus handles S3 storage. The CC manages VM inventory and networking. The SC provides block storage. The NC launches and manages VMs. Eucalyptus 3.0 introduces high availability, AWS IAM support with quotas, improved block storage, full Windows support, and accounting/usage reporting.
Customer Name: Provident Financial
Industry: Financial services
Location: Bradford, United Kingdom
Number of Employees: 3700
Challenge
• Reduce time and effort needed for major data centre migration
• Smoothly allocate data to specific priority tiers within new data centre structure
• Quickly migrate data to new devices
Solution
• Cisco MDS Data Mobility Manager
Results
• Reduced migration effort 75 per cent by automating data backup, restore, and qualification processes
• Cut downtime by up to 90 per cent by carrying out migrations while services are still running
Can china’s new leader prevent an economic crisisDetlefM
1) The new Chinese leader Xi Jinping faces significant economic challenges, as China's investment-led growth model has led to problems like excess capacity, overproduction, and rising debt levels.
2) Reforms are needed, such as scaling back state-owned enterprises, encouraging domestic consumption, liberalizing interest rates and making the financial system more competitive, and strengthening the rule of law.
3) It is unclear if Xi will implement the necessary reforms, as doing so could upset political interests, but reform is needed to prevent an economic crisis in China.
<p><a><img src="http://strana-sovetov.com/images/stories/tip/health/calm-the-nerves_big.jpg"></a></p>
<p>Now therefore, if ye have done truly and sincerely, in that ye<br>have made Abimelech king, and if ye have dealt well with Jerubbaal and<br>his house, and have done unto him according to the deserving of his<br>hands; 9:17 (For my father fought for you, and adventured his life<br>far, and delivered you out of the hand of Midian: 9:18 And ye are<br>risen up against my father’s house this day, and have slain his sons,<br>threescore and ten persons, upon one stone, and have made Abimelech,<br>the son of his maidservant,
king over the men of Shechem, because he<br>is your brother;) 9:19 If ye then have dealt truly and sincerely with<br>Jerubbaal and with his house this day, then rejoice ye in Abimelech,<br>and let him also rejoice in you: 9:20 But if not, let fire come out<br>from Abimelech, and devour the men of Shechem, and the house of Millo;<br>and let fire come out from the men of Shechem, and from the house of<br>Millo, and devour Abimelech.<br><br>9:21 And Jotham ran away, and fled, and went to Beer, and dwelt there,<br>for
fear of Abimelech his brother.<br><br>9:22 When Abimelech had reigned three years over Israel, 9:23 Then God<br>sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem; and the<br>men of Shechem dealt treacherously with Abimelech: 9:24 That the<br>cruelty done to the threescore and ten sons of Jerubbaal might come,<br>and their blood be laid upon Abimelech their brother, which slew them;<br>and upon the men of Shechem, which aided him in the killing of his<br>brethren.<br><br>
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang organisasi pembelajaran, yang didefinisikan sebagai organisasi yang mampu menciptakan, memperoleh, dan mentransfer pengetahuan serta memodifikasi perilaku untuk mencerminkan pengetahuan baru. Dokumen tersebut juga membahas pembentuk organisasi pembelajaran menurut Peter Senge, strategi pembelajaran organisasi, contoh organisasi pembelajaran seperti AT&T dan The Burton Group, serta kendala dalam implementasi
The document discusses using infrared thermography and ultrasound diagnostic analysis to inspect industrial facilities and identify maintenance issues. It provides examples of potential problems that can be detected such as overheating components, low motor output due to brush issues, and loose flange bolts. The document promotes performing infrared and ultrasound surveys annually to catch issues before failures occur and minimize maintenance costs.
Google analytics is a free service offered by Google that generates statistics about the visitors to a website. Google Analytics is a free web analytical tool that can help you create effective sites and increase ROI on marketing campaigns. It can help answer all the important questions about your site and marketing activities, such as:
• Where my customers are coming from
• How to make marketing campaigns move effective
• Where are visitors abandoning the site
• How to improve site navigation
And can help you:
• Help you make informed decisions
• Increase conversions
• Measure keyword and ad performance
• Track a wide variety of metrics
How Google Analytics works.
You will need to insert a Google tracking code into each page of your website. When a person visits your site the code is executed and produces a first party cookie that is stored on the visitor's PC.
The webpage then sends information from this cookie as an invisible gift request containing all the data to Google Analytics server, where it is processed for you to read.
Analysing your traffic
Comparing Metrics
When analysing traffic you need to compare several metrics together. You can not measure your websites performance on pageviews alone.
Comparing the pageviews data with the bounce rate will give a clearer picture of the sites performance.
Example:
Q. If your site received 1,600 page views in week one and 2,000 in week two can you tell which week had the better performance?
A. The answer is no. You have to compare it with the bounce rate.
Week one received 1,600 page views and the bounce rate was 50%
This means half of the people (800 people) who visited these pages left the site straight away.
Week two received 2,000 page views and the bounce rate was 80%
This means only 400 people actually stayed on the site
You can see from the above example the importance of comparing metrics together.
Google Analytics will let you drill down and explore metrics in detail and the information you can get is endless. You may want to investigate what pages the visitors navigated to, where did they go afterwards and where they came from.
Analysing Marketing Campaigns
Google Analytics can help you determine which marketing activity is driving the best traffic to your site. This can be anything from SEO campaigns, referrals, affiliate programs, PPC campaigns, email campaigns and banner ads.
There are two ways you can track your campaigns, auto tagging and manual tagging.
Google AdWords uses auto tagging and automatically populate your reports with click, cost and other data.
For all other campaigns including email, affiliate and banner ads you will have to manually tag your links with campaign identifying information.
1. Teori pers media massa terdiri dari teori otoriter, liberal, tanggung jawab sosial, dan Soviet totalitarian. Teori otoriter menekankan pengawasan media oleh negara untuk mendukung kebijakan pemerintah, sementara teori liberal memberikan kebebasan berpendapat kepada media tetapi tidak ada tanggung jawab sosial. Teori tanggung jawab sosial mewajibkan media untuk bertanggung jawab kepada masyarakat. Teori Soviet totalitarian menjadikan media
Perilaku Organisasi Konflik dan negosiasi Aqsathya Chan
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang konflik, termasuk definisi konflik, pandangan-pandangan terhadap konflik, jenis-jenis konflik, proses konflik, dan negosiasi sebagai salah satu cara penyelesaian konflik.
This document summarizes a presentation on the UNICORE Server Components. It discusses how UNICORE provides a web services framework for job submission and management across different computing resources. Key points include:
- UNICORE uses a gateway, service containers, and atomic services to expose target systems through standardized web service interfaces.
- Atomic services include job management, storage management, and file transfer services that provide abstract access to computing jobs and files on remote systems.
- Security is handled through XUUDB authentication, XACML authorization policies, and message signing. Configurable security handlers provide flexibility.
This document provides an analysis of server virtualization savings over a 5 year period from 2013-2017. It summarizes the configuration of physical and virtualized servers, assumptions made, and projected savings in server hardware, power/cooling and storage by transitioning to a virtualized environment. Key metrics included are the reduction in number of servers from 400 physical to 22 virtual hosts, savings of $998,000 on server hardware and $915,388 on power/cooling costs by transitioning to virtualization.
This document discusses patterns of data distribution that are commonly used when building distributed systems and applications. It identifies three main patterns: publish-subscribe, point-to-point, and request-reply. The document argues that middleware platforms typically implement these patterns in a rigid way, whereas a better approach is for platforms to be built using fundamental "super-patterns" that can be constrained or composed to derive the common patterns. This allows platforms to be more flexible and performant while still providing familiar patterns to application developers. The document also discusses challenges for platform builders in areas like system architecture, performance, and application interfaces.
Requirements Evolution Drives Software EvolutionNeil Ernst
The document discusses how requirements evolution drives software evolution. It notes that changing requirements are costly and a major source of errors. The position is presented that understanding goals and why a system is being developed is important for determining how it should be developed. An example of requirements for the PCI Data Security Standard are provided and modeled using goals, tasks, and assumptions. The requirements evolution problem is defined as determining a new solution given modified requirements, domain assumptions, and goals that satisfies some desired property relating the new solution to the original solution. Maintaining minimal change effort is suggested as a useful property in requirements and software evolution.
The document discusses JPMorgan Chase's implementation of Oracle's Distributed Document Capture solution to address challenges with physical document storage. Key points:
- JPMorgan Chase stored over 6 million document boxes offsite which led to delays, inefficiencies, and costs in retrieving documents.
- The solution implemented a globally distributed scanning and indexing system connected to centralized repositories to digitize documents.
- Early pilots involved over 1,000 users across different business units. The system was expected to scale to over 3,500 users.
- Benefits included reducing storage and retrieval costs by digitizing documents and improving employee efficiency by making documents searchable online.
A great power point presentation for DBMS Concepts from start to end and with best examples chapter by chapter. Please go though each chapters sequentially for your knowledge.
A very easy going study material for better understanding and concepts of Database Management System.
The document discusses LinkedIn's infrastructure and technical challenges in building a distributed system to support their professional social network. Key points include:
- LinkedIn needed a way to efficiently perform graph computations across billions of connections stored in a database
- Storing the data in memory provided better performance but they needed a way to keep the in-memory data synchronized with the database
- They explored various options for a "databus" system to replicate database changes to multiple graph engines in real-time without missing any events
- The solution they developed uses Oracle's row-level change tracking to capture all transaction changes and replay them asynchronously to keep the graph engines synchronized with the database.
The document discusses System Center Virtual Machine Manager and its capabilities for managing virtualization infrastructure. It summarizes:
1. System Center VMM can deploy and manage virtual machines on different hypervisors like Microsoft Hyper-V, VMware vSphere, and Citrix XenServer.
2. It provides consistency across hypervisors by using the same methods to deploy services and manage virtualization.
3. Key capabilities of VMM include live migration, storage migration, networking abstractions, and tools for capacity management and rapid provisioning of virtual machines.
Eucalyptus is a cloud computing platform with a multi-tier service architecture. It has several components including the Cloud Controller (CLC), Walrus, Cluster Controller (CC), Storage Controller (SC), and Node Controller (NC). The CLC handles user requests and VM management. Walrus handles S3 storage. The CC manages VM inventory and networking. The SC provides block storage. The NC launches and manages VMs. Eucalyptus 3.0 introduces high availability, AWS IAM support with quotas, improved block storage, full Windows support, and accounting/usage reporting.
Customer Name: Provident Financial
Industry: Financial services
Location: Bradford, United Kingdom
Number of Employees: 3700
Challenge
• Reduce time and effort needed for major data centre migration
• Smoothly allocate data to specific priority tiers within new data centre structure
• Quickly migrate data to new devices
Solution
• Cisco MDS Data Mobility Manager
Results
• Reduced migration effort 75 per cent by automating data backup, restore, and qualification processes
• Cut downtime by up to 90 per cent by carrying out migrations while services are still running
Can china’s new leader prevent an economic crisisDetlefM
1) The new Chinese leader Xi Jinping faces significant economic challenges, as China's investment-led growth model has led to problems like excess capacity, overproduction, and rising debt levels.
2) Reforms are needed, such as scaling back state-owned enterprises, encouraging domestic consumption, liberalizing interest rates and making the financial system more competitive, and strengthening the rule of law.
3) It is unclear if Xi will implement the necessary reforms, as doing so could upset political interests, but reform is needed to prevent an economic crisis in China.
<p><a><img src="http://strana-sovetov.com/images/stories/tip/health/calm-the-nerves_big.jpg"></a></p>
<p>Now therefore, if ye have done truly and sincerely, in that ye<br>have made Abimelech king, and if ye have dealt well with Jerubbaal and<br>his house, and have done unto him according to the deserving of his<br>hands; 9:17 (For my father fought for you, and adventured his life<br>far, and delivered you out of the hand of Midian: 9:18 And ye are<br>risen up against my father’s house this day, and have slain his sons,<br>threescore and ten persons, upon one stone, and have made Abimelech,<br>the son of his maidservant,
king over the men of Shechem, because he<br>is your brother;) 9:19 If ye then have dealt truly and sincerely with<br>Jerubbaal and with his house this day, then rejoice ye in Abimelech,<br>and let him also rejoice in you: 9:20 But if not, let fire come out<br>from Abimelech, and devour the men of Shechem, and the house of Millo;<br>and let fire come out from the men of Shechem, and from the house of<br>Millo, and devour Abimelech.<br><br>9:21 And Jotham ran away, and fled, and went to Beer, and dwelt there,<br>for
fear of Abimelech his brother.<br><br>9:22 When Abimelech had reigned three years over Israel, 9:23 Then God<br>sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem; and the<br>men of Shechem dealt treacherously with Abimelech: 9:24 That the<br>cruelty done to the threescore and ten sons of Jerubbaal might come,<br>and their blood be laid upon Abimelech their brother, which slew them;<br>and upon the men of Shechem, which aided him in the killing of his<br>brethren.<br><br>
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang organisasi pembelajaran, yang didefinisikan sebagai organisasi yang mampu menciptakan, memperoleh, dan mentransfer pengetahuan serta memodifikasi perilaku untuk mencerminkan pengetahuan baru. Dokumen tersebut juga membahas pembentuk organisasi pembelajaran menurut Peter Senge, strategi pembelajaran organisasi, contoh organisasi pembelajaran seperti AT&T dan The Burton Group, serta kendala dalam implementasi
The document discusses using infrared thermography and ultrasound diagnostic analysis to inspect industrial facilities and identify maintenance issues. It provides examples of potential problems that can be detected such as overheating components, low motor output due to brush issues, and loose flange bolts. The document promotes performing infrared and ultrasound surveys annually to catch issues before failures occur and minimize maintenance costs.
Google analytics is a free service offered by Google that generates statistics about the visitors to a website. Google Analytics is a free web analytical tool that can help you create effective sites and increase ROI on marketing campaigns. It can help answer all the important questions about your site and marketing activities, such as:
• Where my customers are coming from
• How to make marketing campaigns move effective
• Where are visitors abandoning the site
• How to improve site navigation
And can help you:
• Help you make informed decisions
• Increase conversions
• Measure keyword and ad performance
• Track a wide variety of metrics
How Google Analytics works.
You will need to insert a Google tracking code into each page of your website. When a person visits your site the code is executed and produces a first party cookie that is stored on the visitor's PC.
The webpage then sends information from this cookie as an invisible gift request containing all the data to Google Analytics server, where it is processed for you to read.
Analysing your traffic
Comparing Metrics
When analysing traffic you need to compare several metrics together. You can not measure your websites performance on pageviews alone.
Comparing the pageviews data with the bounce rate will give a clearer picture of the sites performance.
Example:
Q. If your site received 1,600 page views in week one and 2,000 in week two can you tell which week had the better performance?
A. The answer is no. You have to compare it with the bounce rate.
Week one received 1,600 page views and the bounce rate was 50%
This means half of the people (800 people) who visited these pages left the site straight away.
Week two received 2,000 page views and the bounce rate was 80%
This means only 400 people actually stayed on the site
You can see from the above example the importance of comparing metrics together.
Google Analytics will let you drill down and explore metrics in detail and the information you can get is endless. You may want to investigate what pages the visitors navigated to, where did they go afterwards and where they came from.
Analysing Marketing Campaigns
Google Analytics can help you determine which marketing activity is driving the best traffic to your site. This can be anything from SEO campaigns, referrals, affiliate programs, PPC campaigns, email campaigns and banner ads.
There are two ways you can track your campaigns, auto tagging and manual tagging.
Google AdWords uses auto tagging and automatically populate your reports with click, cost and other data.
For all other campaigns including email, affiliate and banner ads you will have to manually tag your links with campaign identifying information.
1. Teori pers media massa terdiri dari teori otoriter, liberal, tanggung jawab sosial, dan Soviet totalitarian. Teori otoriter menekankan pengawasan media oleh negara untuk mendukung kebijakan pemerintah, sementara teori liberal memberikan kebebasan berpendapat kepada media tetapi tidak ada tanggung jawab sosial. Teori tanggung jawab sosial mewajibkan media untuk bertanggung jawab kepada masyarakat. Teori Soviet totalitarian menjadikan media
Perilaku Organisasi Konflik dan negosiasi Aqsathya Chan
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang konflik, termasuk definisi konflik, pandangan-pandangan terhadap konflik, jenis-jenis konflik, proses konflik, dan negosiasi sebagai salah satu cara penyelesaian konflik.
Client-server computing is a distributed computing model where client applications request services from server processes running on different interconnected computers. The client-server model provides advantages like vendor independence, scalability, and ability to interconnect different hardware. However, it also presents challenges like ensuring security and consistency across multiple servers. Design considerations for client-server systems include whether to use a two-tier or three-tier architecture and how to partition application logic between clients and servers.
Client-server technology involves splitting tasks and computing power between servers and clients. Servers store and process common data that can be accessed by clients. Clients make requests to servers, which then process the requests and return the desired results. This architecture is versatile, supports GUIs, and reduces costs through technologies like relational databases and distributed computing. The document then discusses the evolution of client-server computing and different types of client-server architectures like thin/fat, stateless/stateful, two-tier/three-tier/n-tier architectures. It also covers client and server devices and developing client-server applications.
You have questions about cloud technology and how it can help your business; We have answers. This slideshow is from our recent lunch and learns that we held in Denver, San Antonio and Houston. For more info check out www.bcsprosoft.com.
Choosing Your Windows Azure Platform Strategydrmarcustillett
The document discusses Windows Azure, Microsoft's cloud computing platform. It provides details on Azure's global datacenter infrastructure, which uses large shipping containers to house servers in environmentally sustainable facilities. It also describes Azure's core services including compute, storage, data, networking and platforms that applications can be built upon. Strategies for moving applications or workloads to Azure like greenfield development, migration and extension are presented. Considerations for developing applications on Azure around state management, failure handling and optimization techniques are also covered. Challenges of moving to the cloud like data security, portability and sovereignty are noted.
This document discusses using Drupal with Windows Azure and provides three main options:
1. Websites - Provides a platform as a service (PaaS) to host websites and web applications. Websites can be free, shared, or reserved instances.
2. Virtual machines - Provides on-demand and scalable compute resources for hosting applications and databases.
3. Cloud services - Allows hosting multiple virtual machines behind a load balancer along with databases.
please define and describe the following- web server- application serv.docxellenj4
please define and describe the following: web server, application server, and multitiered client or server architecture.
Solution
A Web server is a program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve the files that form Web pages to users, in response to their requests, which are forwarded by their computers\' HTTP clients. Dedicated computers and appliances may be referred to as Web servers as well.
An application server is a component-based product that resides in the middle-tier of a server centric architecture. It provides middleware services for security and state maintenance, along with data access and persistence. Java application servers are based on the Javaâ„¢ 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EEâ„¢).
Client- server architecture (client/ server ) is a network architecture in which each computer or process on the network is either a client or a server . Servers are powerful computers or processes dedicated to managing disk drives (file servers ), printers (print servers ), or network traffic (network servers ).
.
Client/server computing is an architecture where thin client machines make requests to centralized servers for applications and data. A basic definition is that a client makes a request for data from a server, which then returns the results. The major focus in client/server systems is on software, with most application processing done on the client side and services like databases accessed from the server side. Common types of servers include file servers, data servers, compute servers, database servers, and communication servers.
This training report provides an introduction to servers. A server is a system that responds to requests across a network to provide network services. Servers can operate on dedicated computers or networked devices. They provide services like file sharing, web hosting, email, printing, and more. Server hardware is optimized for high network throughput and I/O over graphical interfaces. Common server operating systems have features that make them suitable for server environments like advanced security, networking, and backup capabilities. Servers come in different sizes from rack, tower, blade, and more.
This training report provides an introduction to servers. A server is a system that responds to requests across a network to provide network services. Servers have hardware requirements like fast network connections and high input/output throughput since they provide services to many users. Servers come in different sizes from rack, tower, and blade servers. The conclusion states that servers provide benefits like reduced paper usage, increased communication and data security, easier data management, and improved reliability.
Jonas On Windows Azure OW2con11, Nov 24-25, ParisOW2
JOnAS is an open source Java application server that runs well on Microsoft's Windows Azure platform as a service cloud. On Azure, JOnAS benefits from high availability, scalability, and uses the same instantiation mechanism as .NET applications. It can be deployed through virtual machine images and configured through the Azure management console or programmatically. The total monthly cost for a 2 node JOnAS cluster on Azure is estimated to be around $581 based on standard pricing. Future steps could include testing JOnAS clustering capabilities and performance on Azure as well as connecting to SQL Azure databases.
A network operating system (NOS) provides services to clients over a network, enabling file sharing, printing, and application access. It handles typical network duties like remote access, routing, security, and administration. Well-known NOSes include Windows Server, Linux, and Mac OS X. In a client-server network, servers run the NOS to provide centralized resources to client computers running other operating systems. Common server types are file servers, print servers, mail servers, application servers, and database servers.
Cloud computing is a pay-per-use model for enabling on-demand access to configurable computing resources over the network. Studies show cloud datacenters with 100,000 servers can have 80% lower costs than traditional datacenters with 1,000 servers. Cloud usage patterns include transferring existing apps, scaling workloads without capacity limits, handling extra compute needs, and enabling elastic storage growth. Standards support interoperability between cloud services and platforms. The government is shifting to a "cloud first" policy to move more services to public clouds.
This document discusses cloud computing. It begins with an introduction and overview of essential cloud characteristics, service models, deployment models, architecture, and underlying components. It then discusses key research challenges in cloud computing. The document provides definitions of cloud computing and outlines the advantages of the cloud model compared to traditional internal IT or managed service models. It also diagrams the different cloud service models including Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
This document discusses different service models in cloud computing including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). It outlines the key characteristics of each model in terms of what is managed by the cloud provider versus the customer. For example, in IaaS the customer manages the applications, data, and some middleware while the provider manages the infrastructure including servers, storage, networking, and virtualization. PaaS provides additional managed services like runtime, middleware, and operating system. In SaaS, the provider manages everything except custom applications and some configuration settings.
The document discusses an overview of cloud computing and Synergetics IT Services' approach to cloud computing. It provides examples of how cloud computing can dynamically scale IT capacity up and down to match load forecasts and actual loads over time. It also summarizes the key concepts of infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS).
Client/Server Architecture By Faisal Shahzad Faisal Shehzad
The document discusses client-server architectures. It describes the fat server model, which places more functions on the server, and the fat client model, which places more functions on the client but stores data on the server. It then explains the key aspects of two-tier and three-tier client-server architectures. The two-tier architecture involves clients communicating directly with servers, while the three-tier architecture introduces a middle tier between clients and servers to improve performance, scalability, and other advantages.
2. Clients and Servers
v Basic Definition
3 Client: requests for services
3 Server: provides services
2 Service: any resource
(e.g., data, type defn, file, control, object, CPU time, display device, etc.)
v Typical Properties
u A service request is about what is needed, and it often made abstractly
It is up to the server to determine how to get the job done
- the notion of module
(cf. MILs, ADTs --- Larch, Z)
u The ideal client/server software is independent of hardware or OS platform
u The location of clients and servers are usually transparent to the user
u A client may become a server; a server may become a client
u A client/server system can be scaled
horizontally, i.e., by adding/removing client workstations
with only a slight performance impact
vertically, i.e., by migrating to a larger and faster server machines
or multiservers
Lawrence Chung
Client/Server with File Servers
Client Client Client
Application Application Application
Centralized
File Server
3 The client passes requests to the file server (software) for file records
3 Clients can reside in the same machine or separate machines (typically PCs)
3 Requests can be either local or over a network
3 Indispensable for documents, images, drawings, and other large data objects
Client Client Client
Application Application Application
Distributed Network
File Server File Server
Lawrence Chung
3. Client/Server with Database Servers
Client Client Client
Application Application Application
insert/update/delete
Network
tuple(s)
Database
Server
3 At present the majority of existing client/server-based software is to be found in the area of
databases, and it is here that the greatest challenge to any corporation currently lies.
[Richard Finkelstein, President, Performance Computing]
3 Events (violation of integrity constraints, temporal conditions, errors) trigger event handlers
- implicit invocation, blackboards, events
3 A DBMS also offers features for recovery and concurrency control
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Lawrence Chung
Client/Server Communication
Sockets - RPCs - MOMs and ORBs
Sockets
3 introduced in 1981 as the Unix BSD 4.2 generic interface
3 provide Unix-to-Unix communications over networks
3 The Windows socket API (Winsock): based on the Unix BSD 4.2 sockets interface
Net_id.Host_id
Internet Address Port Address
6 D E 6 G 5 % 6 % H 6 G 6 # % # Q
@ 2 @ B F ' @ B A 4 ( B F ' I 4 B ( P 2 B ) A 4 2 B ( B 4 A A 2 ( 4 2 4 ( B R
q
3 Principal transport service calls
d ` X Y ` X T U V p ` Y
S T T U V
Socket (addr format, type: connection-oriented/connectionless, protocol:TCP/IP/...)
W X Y ` X a S T V W W a X b ` Y U X c d ` e W U f T g h V d ` X Y ` i T U V p ` Y
q d ` X Y
Bind(...) ` X r f ` f ` s U d T Y U d W a t W a V U b W a t V U a a ` V Y W U a d ` r f ` T Y T u v g U V p W a t w a U a x v g U V p W a t y
€ ` b U
Listen(...) e ` X V U a a ` V Y W U a d ` r f ` T Y s d U b Y ` r f ` f ` U d ‚ X W Y s U d U a ` u v g U V p W a t w a U a x y
ƒ a W Y W X
Accept(...) Y ` X V U a a ` V Y W U a ‚ W Y X d ` b U Y ` T U V p ` Y
„ ` d b
Connect(local_socket, remote_socket)
W a X Y ` Y ` V U a a ` V Y W U a U a X T U V p ` Y
… ` a i
Shutdown(local_socket, remote_socket) X b ` T T X t ` Y d f X t U e ` a T U V p ` Y
€ ` V `
Send(local_socket, remote_socket, buffer, bytes)
W e ` X b ` T T X t ` Y d f X t U e ` a T U V p ` Y
q ` V
Recv(local_socket, remote_socket, buffer, bytes)
p X T ` Y U s T U V p ` Y T Y U T ` ` W s X a h V X a v ` d ` X i U d ‚ d W Y Y ` a u v g U V p W a t y
Select(...)
Lawrence Chung
4. Client/Server Communication
Sockets - RPCs - MOMs and ORBs
¤ RPCs (Remote Procedure Calls)
3 a transparent mechanism to give the client procedure the illusion that
it is making a direct call on the distant server procedure
3 stubs:
local procedures (e.g., read(file_id, buffer, count)) hiding details of network comm.
3 10 steps to execute a RPC
Client prog/proc Server prog/proc
10. result 5. parameter 6. server proc
unmarshalling unmarshalling returns
1. stub call (unpack the msg (unpack the msg
into result) into parameters);
server proc call
Client stub Server stub
2. parameter 4. pass the msg 7. result
marshalling 9. pass the msg marshalling
(collect pack (pack the result
the parameters into a msg);
into a msg); a sys call
a sys call
3. send the call msg
Transport entity Transport entity
8. send the return msg
Lawrence Chung
Client/Server Communication
Sockets - RPCs - MOMs and ORBs
u MOM (Message-Oriented Middleware)
Every DAD (Distributed Application Development) needs a MOM
u v u
¤ RPC
¤ MOM
3 Many-to-many messaging via queues
Server
Client
Server
Client
post office-like
asynchronous
no fixed sequence Server
Client a single queue sharable
Lawrence Chung
5. Client/Server with Transaction Processing
Client Client Client
Application Application Application
transactions
(banking, Network
reservation,...)
TP Monitor
Database
Server
3 Transaction changeAddress (p: String, newAddress: Address)
begin
oldAddress - retrieve address from Person where name = p
if oldAddress = newAddress then return error1
else update Person where p = name
with address - newAddress
end
3 Transaction increaseSalary (increment: Dollar)
begin
...
end
Lawrence Chung
Client/Server with Transaction Processing
3 Transactions are a way to make ACID operations a general commodity
[Transaction Processing Concepts and Techniques, Jim Gray and Andreas Reuter, 1993]
Ë Atomicity
t a transaction is an indivisible unit of work
t an all-or-nothing proposition
t all updates to a database, displays on the clients’ screens, message queues
t e.g., salary increase for all 1 million employees or none
Ë Consistency
t a transaction is an indivisible unit of work
t S - [T | abort] - S
t integrity constraints (e.g., mgr.salaray salary)
Ë Isolation
t a transaction’s behavior not affected by other transactions running concurrently
t e.g., reserve a seat
t serialization techniques
Ë Durability
t persistence
t a transaction’s effects are permanent after it commits.
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p q r ” f – m s ˜ g ™ ” e j ˜ f s h
Lawrence Chung
6. Client/Server with Transaction Processing
v Two-Phase Commit Protocol
3 To synchronize updates on different machines so that they either all fail or all succeed
3 centralize the decision to commit but giving each participant the right of veto
3 like a Christian marriage
Commit Coordinator Subordinate Subordinate
(Root) Node Node
Prepare-to-commit Prepare-to-commit Prepare-to-commit
Phase 1
Record in Log Ready-to-commit Ready-to-commit
Commit Commit Commit
Phase 2
Complete Complete Complete
t If the subordinates have spawned pieces of the transaction on other nodes,
they must propagate the prepare-to-commit-command in the first phase
- a transaction tree
t If any of the participants returns a transaction failure,
the root node tells all its subordinates to perform a rollback
Lawrence Chung
Client/Server Groupware
3 Why?
support for business reengineering: bcfh - maximize profit
change the way people communicate with each other
helps manage (and track) the product thru its various phases
computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW)
collaborative/workgroup computing
return on investment: 16% to 1666% on a median investment of $100K
[a study of 65 Notes users in 1994]
3 Five foundation technologies t u v w x y z y z { | } u ~ z v v { y } € z ‚ u ƒ } | y z { z } „ € … z } ƒ { … t
„
› ‘ ‘
š ‹ œ ” ™ ™ ‡ • š ” “ œ “ – ” ” “ œ
from electronic imaging (scanning, digitization, display, storage and retrieval)
to document (component types: text, image, graphics, faxes, mail, voice clips, BBs)
„ † ‡ ˆ ‰ Š ‹ ‡ Œ
„
Ž ‘
‹
„
‘
‡ “ Š ” ˆ ” “ • “ –
’
thru microphones, video windows, electronic whiteboards,
controlled access to shared document
„
‘
— • ˜ ” ™ š ‹ “ –
electronic scheduling of meetings, sharing calendars and to do lists, triggering events
e Why not just DBMS?
DBMS: highly structured data
Groupware: highly unstructured data document database
e Why not just TP Monitors?
TP Monitors: transaction processes
Groupware: (currently) not transaction-oriented in the ACID sense
Lawrence Chung
8. Web Client/Server
„
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‡ ˆ ™ œ ” š à ™ œ ” à ˆ œ ” Æ ” ‹ ” • œ ˆ ‡ “ • • ‡ ” ˆ • ”
Ç W È È X 3 Env.
Var.
1 2
É d i ` d
Ê U d b
5
Internet HTTP 4
Srvr CGI
TCP/IP Prog
9 6
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7
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8
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¼ · ½ ¾ · ½
You click on the form’s submit button
1
The Web browser collects the data within the form, assembles it into a string of name/value pairs,
specifies a POST method, the URL of the target program in the cgi-bin directory
2 The HTTP server receives the method invocation via a socket connection
3 The server parses the message to discover that it’s a POST for the cgi-bin program
- start a CGI interaction:
The HTTP server sets up the environment variable (e.g., content_length), in a blackboard
4 The HTTP server starts a CGI program
5 The CGI program reads the environment variables
6 The CGI program receives the message body via the input pipe
7 The CGI program does some work, typically by interacting with a DBMS, TP Monitor
8 The CGI program returns the results via the output pipe
9 The HTTP server returns the results to the Web brower
Lawrence Chung
Web Client/Server
„
¿ ‘ À Ë
œ ‹ ” “ œ
’
Java
Applet
Bytecode Verifier
Class Loader 4 Java Compiler
Java Just-in-Time
Run-time
Compiler
Interpreter
Applet
1 Bytecode
2
Internet
5 TCP/IP
3
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¯ ¡ ° º ¡ ¢ » ¡ ¢
´ µ ¶ · ¸ ¹
¼ · ½ ¾ · ½
1 A Web browser requests a Java applet
The Browser initiates a separate TCP/IP session to download each applet within a Web page
2 The server retrieves the requested applet
3 The server sends the applet
4 The browser loads the applet into the client’s memory and executes it
A poor man’s compound document architecture
The applet’s region does NOT visually integrate with the rest of the page
5 The browser deletes the applet from memory when it exits the Web page
Lawrence Chung