27 lecture abortion l 26-12-18

Title: Sense of Smell Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology Qualifications: MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore) FCPS Physiology ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU) MPH (GC University, Faisalabad) MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan) Learning Objectives: Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness. Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction. Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain. Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential. Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes. Key Topics: Olfactory Genes: 3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes. 400 genes for odorant receptors. Olfactory Membrane: Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity. Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum. Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate. Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters. Olfactory Mucosa: Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell. Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment. Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months. Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus. Stimulation of Olfactory Cells: Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia. Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve. Quality of a Good Odorant: Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble. Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus. Membrane Potential and Action Potential: Resting membrane potential: -55mV. Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength. Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell: Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation. Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system. Primary Sensations of Smell: Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid. Odor Detection Threshold: Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm). Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations. Characteristics of Smell: Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein. Behavioral and emotional influences of smell. Transmission of Olfactory Signals: From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition. Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path

Maxilla, Mandible & Hyoid Bone & Clinical Correlations by Dr. RIG.pptx

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Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh

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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.

Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion

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Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...

Oleg Kshivets

Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).

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The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles

MedicoseAcademics

These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram. Learning objectives: 1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography 2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG 3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II) 4. Differentiate between intervals and segments 5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG 6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle 7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph 8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained 9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range 10. Define the mean QRS vector 11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system) 12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG 13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation 14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance Study Resources: 1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition 2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition 3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition 4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/ 5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition 6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/ 7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics

263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,

sisternakatoto

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Pictures of Superficial & Deep Fascia.ppt.pdf

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How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx

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Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade

Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho

Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva. Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade. Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal. Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural. Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis. É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais. O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada. Recomendamos muito. Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos. Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento. Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho www.agostodourado.com

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