35 modified lower genital tract infection 27-2-2019

•Download as PPTX, PDF•

0 likes•45 views

dr_magdy2016

obstetrics & gynecology for Undergraduate lectures for 6th-year medical students, 2017-2018 by prof. dr. Magdy Balaha

Health & Medicine

35 modified lower genital tract infection 27-2-2019

Title: Sense of Smell Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology Qualifications: MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore) FCPS Physiology ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU) MPH (GC University, Faisalabad) MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan) Learning Objectives: Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness. Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction. Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain. Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential. Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes. Key Topics: Olfactory Genes: 3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes. 400 genes for odorant receptors. Olfactory Membrane: Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity. Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum. Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate. Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters. Olfactory Mucosa: Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell. Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment. Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months. Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus. Stimulation of Olfactory Cells: Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia. Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve. Quality of a Good Odorant: Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble. Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus. Membrane Potential and Action Potential: Resting membrane potential: -55mV. Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength. Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell: Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation. Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system. Primary Sensations of Smell: Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid. Odor Detection Threshold: Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm). Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations. Characteristics of Smell: Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein. Behavioral and emotional influences of smell. Transmission of Olfactory Signals: From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition. Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path

Colonic and anorectal physiology with surgical implications

Dr Maria Tamanna

Recently uploaded

Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf

MedicoseAcademics

Colonic and anorectal physiology with surgical implications

Dr Maria Tamanna

Non-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdf

MedicoseAcademics

These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract. Learning objectives: 1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract 2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out 3. Discuss the significance of dead space 4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation 5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes Study Resources: 1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition 2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition 3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition 4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874

Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism

Dr. Jyothirmai Paindla

Temporomandibular Joint By RABIA INAM GANDAPORE.pptx

Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore

KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists

د.محمود نجيب

Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe

Lighthouse Retreat

NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program

Sapna Thakur

Cervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptx

Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore

Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste

MedicoseAcademics

Title: Sense of Taste Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology Qualifications: MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore) FCPS Physiology ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU) MPH (GC University, Faisalabad) MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan) Learning Objectives: Describe the structure and function of taste buds. Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances. Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation. Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes. Key Topics: Significance of Taste Sensation: Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food Influence on behavior Selection of food based on metabolic needs Receptors of Taste: Taste buds on the tongue Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper) Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations: Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste Taste Threshold and Index: Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine) Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold Taste Blindness: Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds Example: Phenylthiocarbamide Structure and Function of Taste Buds: Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers Location of Taste Buds: Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate) Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus Mechanism of Taste Stimulation: Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation: Decrease in sensitivity with age Rapid adaptation of taste sensation Role of Saliva in Taste: Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors Washing away the stimulus Taste Preferences and Aversions: Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion Influence of receptors and neural pathways Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage: Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut Abnormalities of Taste Detection: Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia) Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold: Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity Supertasters: 25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness Increased number of fungiform papillae

ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.

drhasanrajab

Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.

A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam

Dr. Jyothirmai Paindla

Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy 7.ed.pdf

BrissaOrtiz3

SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE RETROPERITONEUM, ADRENALS, KIDNEYS AND URETERS.pptx

Bright Chipili

micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdf

Anurag Sharma

Superficial & Deep Fascia of the NECK.pptx

Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore

Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx

MGM SCHOOL/COLLEGE OF NURSING

Chapter 11 Nutrition and Chronic Diseases.pptx

Earlene McNair

Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade

Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho

Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva. Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade. Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal. Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural. Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis. É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais. O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada. Recomendamos muito. Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos. Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento. Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho www.agostodourado.com

BRACHYTHERAPY OVERVIEW AND APPLICATORS

Krishan Murari

Recently uploaded (20)

Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf

Colonic and anorectal physiology with surgical implications

Non-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdf

Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism

Temporomandibular Joint By RABIA INAM GANDAPORE.pptx

KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists

Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe

NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program

Cervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptx

Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste

ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.

A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam

Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy 7.ed.pdf

SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE RETROPERITONEUM, ADRENALS, KIDNEYS AND URETERS.pptx

micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdf

Superficial & Deep Fascia of the NECK.pptx

Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx

Chapter 11 Nutrition and Chronic Diseases.pptx

Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade

BRACHYTHERAPY OVERVIEW AND APPLICATORS

35 modified lower genital tract infection 27-2-2019

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from dr_magdy2016

More from dr_magdy2016 (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)