This document outlines the key elements of developing an effective global marketing strategy. It discusses defining the global marketing mission and segmentation strategies. It also addresses competitive positioning and customizing the marketing mix for different markets. Major risks like political, financial and exchange rate risks are summarized. The document provides an overview of the strategic challenges of entering foreign markets and considerations for subsequent expansion into a truly integrated global marketing approach.
Trade Openness and Volatility of India’s Exports-an Analysisiosrjce
It is widely acknowledged that an economy’s vulnerability to exogenous economic shocks is largely
determined by its degree of exposure to the global economy—that is, by its degree of economic openness. In this
respect it is important to note that the size of impact depends on each country’s mix of exports and main trading
partners—that is, on its degree of export concentration. By all accounts, higher degrees of export concentration
are strongly correlated with greater volatility in export earnings. Present paper focuses on estimating the
degree of India’s openness and estimating the diversification of India’s exports calculating Herfindahl index.
The findings of the present study suggests increasing integration of Indian economy with world economy since
the initiation of reform process in 1991.It rose from 10.30 in 1987-88 to 40.58 in 2013-14. Further the findings
of the study are in line with theoretical arguments that economic openness explains the fact that an economy
may be vulnerable to external economic shocks as reflected by losses in export revenues and growth slowdowns
as the estimated correlation coefficients between variations in degree of openness and variations in earnings
from total exports and earnings from manufacturing exports (having largest share in total exports) are high and
positive. So far as product diversification of Indian exports is concerned, findings of the study suggest almost no
increase in it since 1990-91. Rather the concentration has slightly increased in recent past. Need for increasing
product diversification was also realised in Economic Survey 2012-13 after a drastic fall in exports in dollar
terms. The Economic Survey 2012-2013 presented by Finance Minister P Chidambaram in Parliament stated,
‘growth in exports can only be achieved with greater diversification of products’.
Unit 1: Environmental Context of International Business, Framework for analyzing international
business environment – Domestic, foreign and global environments and their impact on
international business decisions.
Global Trading Environment: World trade in goods and services – Major trends and developments;
World trade and protectionism – Tariff and non-tariff barriers; Counter trade.
Unit 2: International Financial Environment: Foreign investments -Pattern, Structure and effects;
Movements in foreign exchange and interest rates and then impact on trade and investment flows.
Unit 3: International Economic Institutions and Agreements: WTO, IMF, World Bank UNCTAD,
Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), GSP, GSTP and other International agreements;
International commodity trading and agreements.
Unit 4: Multinational Corporations and their involvement in International Business: Issues in
foreign investments, technology transfer, pricing and regulations; International collaborative
arrangements and strategic alliances.
Unit 5: Regional Economic Groupings in Practice: Regionalism vs. multilaterallism, Structure and
functioning of EC and NAFTA; Regional economic cooperation. Emerging Developments and
Other Issues: Growing concern for ecology; Counter trade; IT and international business.
Trade Openness and Volatility of India’s Exports-an Analysisiosrjce
It is widely acknowledged that an economy’s vulnerability to exogenous economic shocks is largely
determined by its degree of exposure to the global economy—that is, by its degree of economic openness. In this
respect it is important to note that the size of impact depends on each country’s mix of exports and main trading
partners—that is, on its degree of export concentration. By all accounts, higher degrees of export concentration
are strongly correlated with greater volatility in export earnings. Present paper focuses on estimating the
degree of India’s openness and estimating the diversification of India’s exports calculating Herfindahl index.
The findings of the present study suggests increasing integration of Indian economy with world economy since
the initiation of reform process in 1991.It rose from 10.30 in 1987-88 to 40.58 in 2013-14. Further the findings
of the study are in line with theoretical arguments that economic openness explains the fact that an economy
may be vulnerable to external economic shocks as reflected by losses in export revenues and growth slowdowns
as the estimated correlation coefficients between variations in degree of openness and variations in earnings
from total exports and earnings from manufacturing exports (having largest share in total exports) are high and
positive. So far as product diversification of Indian exports is concerned, findings of the study suggest almost no
increase in it since 1990-91. Rather the concentration has slightly increased in recent past. Need for increasing
product diversification was also realised in Economic Survey 2012-13 after a drastic fall in exports in dollar
terms. The Economic Survey 2012-2013 presented by Finance Minister P Chidambaram in Parliament stated,
‘growth in exports can only be achieved with greater diversification of products’.
Unit 1: Environmental Context of International Business, Framework for analyzing international
business environment – Domestic, foreign and global environments and their impact on
international business decisions.
Global Trading Environment: World trade in goods and services – Major trends and developments;
World trade and protectionism – Tariff and non-tariff barriers; Counter trade.
Unit 2: International Financial Environment: Foreign investments -Pattern, Structure and effects;
Movements in foreign exchange and interest rates and then impact on trade and investment flows.
Unit 3: International Economic Institutions and Agreements: WTO, IMF, World Bank UNCTAD,
Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), GSP, GSTP and other International agreements;
International commodity trading and agreements.
Unit 4: Multinational Corporations and their involvement in International Business: Issues in
foreign investments, technology transfer, pricing and regulations; International collaborative
arrangements and strategic alliances.
Unit 5: Regional Economic Groupings in Practice: Regionalism vs. multilaterallism, Structure and
functioning of EC and NAFTA; Regional economic cooperation. Emerging Developments and
Other Issues: Growing concern for ecology; Counter trade; IT and international business.
Whatís an Emerging Market Economy? Essay
business economics Essay
The Role of Business in the Economy
Inflation and the Economy Essay
Germany and its Economy Essays
The Global Economy Essay
Economy Essays
Macroeconomic Outlook of U.S. Economy Essay
Economic Growth Essay
Essay about U.S. Economy
Essay On The Economy
Free Market Economy Essay
Economic Systems Essay
State of Economy Essay
Impact Of Globalization On The Economy Essay
U.K. Economy Essay
Macroeconomics Essay
What is Economics? Essay
5 marketing strategy and marketing performance does strategy affect performa...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This article surveys marketing management literature to find out the positive impact that a good market and marketing can have on marketing performance at the marketplace. The marketplace in this contest can be either a country or even a continent since the companies are multinational and also have diversified holdings which help them to spread their tentacles to every nook and cranny of the globe. Locally based companies are not left out since they all use marketing strategies to do their marketing. Companies or multinationals of U.S. and U.K. parentage will be used a lot. Does the literature attest to the positive impact of very good marketing strategies on a company’s marketing performance? This is going to be investigated to come out with the justify opinion. Coming out with a very good marketing strategy to pilot or direct a company’s marketing assault is not very easy. It is plainly herculean. Implementation, monitoring, controlling and evaluating marketing strategies are equally herculean. Top marketing management do not have it easy with formulating, managing, and evaluating marketing strategies. Marketing performance measurement is tackled in this piece. It is essential to point out that marketing is not the pressure of only those in marketing (pan–marketing). It is very general managerial with all corporate functional players all actively involved.
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Globalisation has become associated with difficulties for less-skilled workers, inequality and a general sense that it is not working for large sections of society, in both advanced and emerging economies. There is much to be done with domestic policy to improve outcomes, but there is also a strong need for better alignment of domestic and international policies and a more level playing field in the cross-border activities of businesses.
This booklet reproduces highlights from the 2017 edition of the OECD Business and Finance Outlook which focuses on ways to enhance “fairness”, in the sense of strengthening global governance, to ensure a level playing field in trade, investment and corporate behaviour, through the setting and better enforcement of global standards.
Find out more here http://www.oecd.org/daf/oecd-business-and-finance-outlook-2017-9789264274891-en.htm
The global socio-political and economic landscape is evolving constantly. With such evolution come challenges. By now it is well known that the policy context around the world is becoming increasingly complex. Countries face domestic political compulsions and simultaneously, have to meet international obligations.
The policymakers in most countries face a dilemma – how best to judiciously reconcile the apparent conflict between domestic socio-political compulsions and international obligations.
Free Zones around the world are not immune from the evolving global dynamics and policy imperatives. If anything, FZs have to anticipate what is in store for them in future and prepare for a ‘state of readiness’ to meet newer socio-political challenges as well as benefit from newer economic opportunities.
BBA 2551, Intercultural Management 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit V
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Explain how the political and economic environment affects decision making.
1.1 Examine the organizational structure of the United Nations Human Rights Council.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 8:
Organization Structure and Control Systems
Unit Lesson
In recent years, corporations and small companies have entered the global market in larger numbers. If
Company B sees that Company A is doing well overseas, Company B will want to enter the global market
before Company A corners the market. Other reasons for wanting to engage in global trading might be to
avoid trade barriers and increasing costs at home.
Much planning goes into creating overseas corporations or subsidiaries. Managers for these corporations or
subsidiaries have to plan strategically, organizing structures for maximum impact, and putting control systems
in place that will secure their investments. All stakeholders in these ventures must pay attention to cultural
factors that can help them succeed or fail.
In 2011, Target acquired Zellers stores in Canada and entered the Canadian market. In January 2015, it was
reported that Target was closing all of its stores in Canada, leaving thousands of people jobless. According to
Kopun (2015), Target did not plan strategically. Kopun (2015) quoted Jamie Tate of Tate Economic Research
Inc. as saying that Target had “underestimated the Canadian competition . . . You might even want to call it
arrogance” (para.2).
When companies enter markets globally, they must organize the structure and design control systems that
will stop them from making the same mistakes that were possibly made by Target. When companies create
structures, those structures change depending on new strategic directions and the competition. Perhaps
Target should have redesigned its organizational structure or rethought its control systems.
According to Deresky, structures that are commonly the focus in the organizational stage include:
Domestic structure plus export department
Domestic structure plus foreign subsidiary
International division
Global functional structure
Global product structure
Matrix structure (2014, p. 244)
Understanding the social and business cultures will help managers determine which structure is best suited to
their organization. Small organizations tend to favor the export structure, using contractual services to help
them establish their products/services. Later, they can reorganize and move toward having the structure that
involves foreign subsidiaries. As their investments grow, those organizations might expand more, leading to
an international division organized by those categories that brought them success.
UNIT V STUDY GUIDE
Organizing Structure
and Control Systems
BBA 2551, Intercultural Management 2
UNIT x STUDY G ...
Remote sensing and monitoring are changing the mining industry for the better. These are providing innovative solutions to long-standing challenges. Those related to exploration, extraction, and overall environmental management by mining technology companies Odisha. These technologies make use of satellite imaging, aerial photography and sensors to collect data that might be inaccessible or from hazardous locations. With the use of this technology, mining operations are becoming increasingly efficient. Let us gain more insight into the key aspects associated with remote sensing and monitoring when it comes to mining.
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It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
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RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your company’s legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
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HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
1. 1. Explain the role of government in international trade, the various levels of economic
integration, and the impact on international marketing.
2. Describe the economic and cultural elements of the international marketing environment and
explain how these factors affect marketing operations.
3. Summarize the major political and financial risks associated with international marketing.
4. Explain the strategic marketing planning process, strategies for entering foreign markets, and
considerations for subsequent market expansion.
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all
sides; APA format plus a reference page.
1. Integration would ensure high certainty of quality product because the
subsidiary companies have a common quality control system after the completion of
integration. This would result in the production of standard products and would
facilitate easier check for high quality. More investment can be allocated for quality
assurance activity and checks can be frequently carried out to reduce defects. It would
also lead to gains in the trade as it would lower the transaction cost between the
subsidiary companies, where the companies have centralized management and the
communication system is centralized, there by allowing it to be cheaper due to low
overhead expenses. Economy of scale is also experienced due to it and it leads to
reduction in marginal or incremental cost of operations. Global Strategic partnership
or GSP is the strategy adopted by many global business partners. It is different from
traditional Joint Venture JV in the way that GSP is an alliance between two global
partners and it is purely contractual relationship entered for strategic reason to gain
market share of the region. Unlike joint venture JV, there is no tie-up to develop
business internally. The GSP alliance takes place to share benefits by entering into a
co-operation from independent participants with every partner giving its share of
contribution either in terms of capital, technical know-how, marketing information etc.
2. The relationship between the partners is purely reciprocal and it is organized along
horizontal lines and not vertical one. This means that there is no scope for forward or
backward integration and alliance can take place on the line of horizontal integration. The
common drivers that influence GSP are: turbulence in markets, resource constraints,
uncertainty in markets, economies of scale, technological obsolescence, risk sharing and
consolidation of market position. . [Lorange ’91, Glaisler ’96 and Bennett ’97]
GSP firms are able to enhance cost efficiency by entering into strategic
alliances. This happens when relative efficiency of inputs and technology together
leverage the benefits of partnership. The partnership could be long lasting is it is tested on
the metrics of trust, risk and control. Once the trust and control are established the
partners can undertake far more risk to expand their business empire. [3] & [4]
[1] http://www.scribd.com/doc/33598505/Strategic-Partnership
[2] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W61-4M3BGVD-
2&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2007&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort
=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1387768009&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C00
0050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=9c432cc5c56cae81f5667cb53a
0d1e2a
2. The growth of International market is going to be phenomenal on all fronts and all round the
globe. In the field of Retail, Telecom, Processed foods, technology, consumer goods, global
market ids witnessing phenomenal growth. The growth of consumer durables and FMCG also is
not new to and lots of MNCs are already in the fray to serve their market especially Brazil,
Russia, India, and China (BRIC) Nations. It would be the economy with the highest rate of
growth in terms GDP. Presently, India is the economy with lowest organized retail outlets among
developing countries, but, within next decade or so, it would also be economy with highest rate
3. of growing organized Super Store and Malls in the world. The same is true for BRIC and
developing countries around the globe. All this can be attributed to the fastest growing neo rich
middle class phenomena in developing nations. Industrial growth rate of more than 8% per
annum should be the decision for MNCs to invest in global economy. While U.S and European
economy is pegged to grow at merely 2% - 3% annually, avenues have to be sought outside these
developed economies of the world.
The factor which had contributed to the growth of U.S economy since last few
years were influx of global talents and population due one of the best infrastructure available in
the world, seems to have reached the plateau. The population growth of just above 0% is not
helping this cause for the economy to grow at a fast pace. while Indian population growing more
than 2.1% is going to hold the largest numbers of youth in the world while would be known for
aging population, would require lots of talent to be imported from across the globe to even
sustain its current level of economic growth.
Cultural and Social environment: The cultural environment of U.S is one of the most
cosmopolitan and is responsible for growth of marketing environment for all sorts of items in
different product categories. To differentiate one culture from the other culture of rest of the world, it
is more important to understand whether the culture of the country is individualistic and highly
consumerist culture (U.S.A, Europe, Australia) or ethnic and group based culture (Asian countries).
The consumption per capita was so high in Western Countries until the crisis of 2008, that there was
power shows in terms of acquisition of latest electronic gazettes or for that matter consumer
durables. This culture can be called a culture where people believe in flaunting personal power and it
si very much characteristic of Western world. While Asian or Eastern cultural are more ethnic and of
late, it has started to move towards individualistic society. High consumption is new emerging
4. phenomenon, and global marketers need to view this discernible phenomenon in the countries like
China, India, Brazil, Argentina etc. But, the society by and large puts lots of emphasis on savings for
the future. The change in culture has to be watched with rise in level of education and income.
Consumers in developing economies are now willing to pay more for a product which gives more
value to their money. The rise in phenomenon like retailization, EMI, ULIPS (Financial products) E-
Commerce etc. are new to this neo culture, and are slowly becoming part of the entire western
phenomenon. With proliferation of higher education across the global boundary and large numbers
of MNCs operating across the global boundaries has transformed the culture of at least middle class
of developing world to a certain extent to that of western style. One of the most recent happenings in
metros and other big cities is number of a call centers, where employees converse with U.S
customers live. It has brought culture close to understanding the U.S. clients and has evolved cross
cultural phenomenon, wherein both citizen and U.S are being influenced and influencing the other
norms of the society in developing and even third world countries.
(http://zjrg.com/schedule-customs-import-duties/schedule-customs-import-
duties/1/0/3/1/sggjp/view.html)
3. When doing international business, mangers face several types of financial risks
which include commercial risks, political regulatory risks, Exchange Rate risks (what are the
exchange rates between the countries and future expectation of losses makes the decision more
risky and inflation risk. Countries in political turmoil or where countries are in constant conflict
or with unstable government (N. Korea, Myanmar) involves a greater amount of risks. Interest
rates charged by banks and financial institutions can also greatly affect the business prospects in
a country. Even more important is the changes in these rates. Libor when combined with
changing exchange rates can affect the bottom line of businesses.
5. http://smallbusiness.chron.com/significant-financial-risks-conducting-business-
internationally-4129.html
Political risks are the risks involving change in political environment. If
the tenure of a political rule in a country is volatile, it may adversely affect business
activity. This political risk can be of local governance or due to federal government at the
centre. There can ownership risk, wherein the property of the firm is threatened through
Expropriation (seizure of foreign assets by the government with payment of
compensation to the owners, where final amount to be transferred takes time and could be
less than the actual amount) Domestication (there is partial ownership transfer and
companies are urged to prioritize local production and large share of profits are required
to be retained within the country) or Confiscation (It is involuntary transfer of property to
the host country where no compensation is paid and thus poses as one of the most risky
situation for the investing firm). Similarly, there could be operating risk for the firm, if
the ongoing operations are threatened through changes in laws, environmental
standards, tax codes, terrorism, arms insurrection or wars. Transfer risk arises, when the
government of a particular country interferes with a firm’s ability to shift funds into and
out of the country. This is one of the reasons for many Multi-National firms to enter
China but India has not been able to draw similar response. Although, both the country is
similarly placed on growth fronts.
http://www.memoireonline.com/08/09/2610/Impact-of-political-risks-in-international-
marketing-the-case-of-West-Africa.html
6. 4 The four stages in global marketing strategy are:
Defining the global marketing mission: Global mission defines the major target
markets to be attacked, the way these markets are to be segmented and then
competitive position to be adopted in each market. The mission establishes the
parameters within which global marketing strategic decisions are to be made.
Segmentation strategies: It chooses among three alternatives. One is to develop
Global market segment, where markets are segmented according to variables that
ignore national boundaries. The strategy concentrates more on identifying
similarities in customer needs across countries rather than emphasizing on country
differences. The second alternative involves serving the same market segments in
multiple markets but on a national basis. Here, the segmentation is carried out on
the basis of geography/nationality/region. The basis of differentiation is culture
rather than similarities between countries. And lastly, it could be the mixed
market segment strategy, which is the combination of the two strategies
mentioned. It happens because the national market of country may be large
enough for the company to go for individualization. Other small countries can
also be clustered into similar market segments.
Competitive positioning: Competitive positioning within each market
and marketing mix:
Global marketing strategy must incorporate an appropriate an appropriate degree of co-
ordination and integration of geographically dispersed or concentrated marketing
activities. For the entry into global market, there are basically three stages which strategic
challenges for entry. At the initial stage, it is the international market expansion where
7. the main strategic thrust for the business is to include the choice of the country to enter,
mode of entry adopted and the extent to which the firm would decide to standardize the
product or would go for the adaptation as per the global market needs of the individual
country. In the second stage, the company starts looking for the new directions for growth
and expansion. The focus in this stage is to build market penetration in countries where
the company is already located. At this stage expansion efforts are guided mainly by local
management on a country by country or national perspective basis. The third phase is
taken country by country approach, where markets are viewed as a set of interrelated and
interdependent entities. Strategically, global market are becoming integrated and
interlinked (Douglas Craig, 1989)
“Global marketing is not a blind adherence to standardization of all
marketing elements for its own sake, but a different, global approach
to developing marketing strategy and programs that blends flexibility
with uniformity (Yip, 1992).