Grids are already developing offshore, and this development will continue even though at what pace and how they will develop is still uncertain. Indeed, there are different possible configurations for a future offshore grid: it can be a simple multiplication of standalone lines that provide each a single service (either connection of generation, or connection between transmission grids); or it can be a more integrated infrastructure like an offshore meshed grid that combines and interconnects dozens of offshore lines and generation units (hereafter combined solution).
Alan Duncan's All Energy 2017 Offshore wind: the importance of the supply chainBVG Associates
This is Alan Duncan's presentation delivered at All-Energy 2017 outlining the importance of the supply chain in offshore wind industry and the role for oil and gas companies
Alan Duncan's All Energy 2017 Offshore wind: the importance of the supply chainBVG Associates
This is Alan Duncan's presentation delivered at All-Energy 2017 outlining the importance of the supply chain in offshore wind industry and the role for oil and gas companies
A case study on performance evaluation of grid connected pv generation system...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Energy is an important aspect in the today’s world. Due to the increase in the population and the decrease in oil and other energy
resources the power generation using renewable energy has become more popular. The proper paper presents the feasibility
analysis of implementing the photovoltaic system for a residential house in UAE using a grid connected system. In this paper real
data for a typical residential house with the present electricity cost in UAE is taken in to consideration for the analysis. RET
screen software has been used for the economic analysis. The software has also been used to get the climatic conditions like
humidity, temperature with the radiations. The effect of these conditions with the efficiency of the solar panels was also analyzed.
Keywords: Photovoltaic system, RET screen, Feasibility, Energy Analysis
A case study on performance evaluation of grid connected pv generation system...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Energy is an important aspect in the today’s world. Due to the increase in the population and the decrease in oil and other energy
resources the power generation using renewable energy has become more popular. The proper paper presents the feasibility
analysis of implementing the photovoltaic system for a residential house in UAE using a grid connected system. In this paper real
data for a typical residential house with the present electricity cost in UAE is taken in to consideration for the analysis. RET
screen software has been used for the economic analysis. The software has also been used to get the climatic conditions like
humidity, temperature with the radiations. The effect of these conditions with the efficiency of the solar panels was also analyzed.
Keywords: Photovoltaic system, RET screen, Feasibility, Energy Analysis
Assessment of Offshore Transmission Tender Round 1 benefits (2014)CEPA Ltd
Ofgem has published their conclusions on the consultation relating to the evaluation of Offshore Transmission Owners (OFTO) Tender Round One (TR1). The consultation was based on a report by CEPA and BDO which assessed the benefits that TR1 may have created. Ofgem’s conclusions paper followed a workshop where CEPA presented the report to stakeholders and comments on the report were subsequently fed back to Ofgem.
Offshore Cost of Energy NREL WESE Workship Bruce Valpy 14 Jan 2015BVG Associates
Bruce Valpy explains how a useful cost of energy can be calculated and what the trends in the CAPEX and LCOE in Europe can tell us about the future. the impact of a systems engineering approach on LCOE is also discussed
Overview of the high-capacity, low-sag ACCC conductor used to improve the efficiency, capacity, reliability and resiliency of the electric power transmission grid
SEB Cable Laying & Cable Pulling Equipment enables the installation of LV-HV power, fibre optic, telecoms, subsea cables and umbilicals into cable duct or cable trench.
T&D service utilities, power, construction, rail, mining, street lighting, subsea, offshore, oil, gas and petrochemical industries with global market leading SEB Cable Laying & Cable Pulling Equipment.
T&D distribute the complete range of SEB Cable Pulling and Cable Laying Equipment for low and high voltage (LV-HV) power cable installations into underground trench or cable duct - this includes XLPE, PILC, EPR, waveform, service cables, triplex, 11kV, 33kV, EHV, fibre optic, telecoms and street lighting cables. We supply cable rollers, cable socks, cable jacks, drum trailers, cable pulling lubricant, underground cable protection (Stokbord & Tape Tile Cable Covers) and conduit duct rod - we service the utility cable laying contractor, electrical contractor and export markets.
SEB Cable Laying Solutions for Renewable Energy Projects
A comprehensive cable laying package includes cable rollers (straight and corner), cable drum jacks, cable winches and cable socks including stainless steel socks for pulling large diameter, high voltage subsea power cables and umbilicals up to 400kV.
The HVDC grid projects seem to have what it takes to become a so-called ‘Project of Common Interest’. This implies that they can get a preferential regulatory treatment thanks to the brand new EU Regulation for Energy Infrastructure that has been adopted last year to speed up projects that are of strategic importance for Europe. In this presentation I give an overview of the new set of regulatory tools that the Energy Infrastructure Package provides, their status of implementation, and what is next.
The Energy Infrastructure Package that has recently been adopted in Europe foresees a new procedure to allocate the costs of Projects of Common Interest between EU Member States. This presentation provides guidance to project promoters and regulators for the implementation of this new procedure.
In this webinar Leonardo Meeus (Part-time Professor Florence School of Regulation and Scientific coordinator THINK project) presents the THINK report on Cost Benefit Analysis in the context of the Energy Infrastructure Package. Leonardo explains the relevance of the CBA method in this package as well as the aim to develop a single CBA method to assess benefits and costs of Electricity Projects of Common Interest (CPIs).
The European Commission has recently estimated the investment needs in energy (electricity and gas) infrastructure of European importance to be about €200 billion up to 2020 . The Commission has also stressed that, under a business as usual scenario, almost half of these investments are at risk of not being delivered in time or at all, leaving a gap of about €100 billion.
The main identified obstacles are problems related to permit granting, regulatory issues and financing; and those cannot be fully overcome by the existing measures.
In this context, the European Commission has proposed an Energy Infrastructure package, which we introduce in this presentation.
Buildings account for 40% of the total energy consumption of the EU and they are one of the most significant sources of greenhouse gas emissions (36% of the EU total). In order to achieve the 2050 EU building sector target, the energy performance of existing buildings will need to be improved substantially.
Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) has proven to be a useful tool to support the economic appraisal of important projects in many sectors. Recently, a single CBA method has been proposed at EU level to evaluate and compare electricity transmission and storage projects from different countries, which is unprecedented anywhere in the world.
The European Commission estimates that about €200 billion needs to be invested in electricity and gas infrastructure in order to achieve the 2020 energy and climate objectives. There is a risk that almost half of this expected investment will be too late or not at all. The Energy Infrastructure Package therefore establishes a process to identify Projects of Common Interest whose development will be accelerated. Projects of Common Interest will be selected based on a Cost Benefit Analysis method.
In a recent THINK report for the European Commission (DG Energy), we conclude that the Cost Benefit Analysis method that has been proposed by the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) at the end of 2012 is an important step in the right direction, but it is still possible to improve.
1. Florence School of Regulation
Grid connection of offshore wind farms
FSR Webinar Series
Florence, 25 September, 2012
Leonardo Meeus
(Florence School of Regulation, European University Institute)
THINK (http://think.eui.eu)
http://think.eui.eu
2. Grid connection of offshore wind farms
Why this topic? … the buzz
http://think.eui.eu
2
3. Grid connection of offshore wind farms
Why this topic? … EU context
Offshore wind technology
• Expected to increase from 3 GW to about 40 GW by 2020 in Europe
Offshore grid connection
• Tennet is investing 6 billion to connect offshore wind in North Germany
• The UK is expected to invest 6-10 billion pounds
http://think.eui.eu
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4. Grid connection of offshore wind farms
Why a webinar?
http://think.eui.eu
4
5. Grid connection of offshore wind farms
Webinar focus
Who should design and develop the
grid connection?
Who should pay for the grid
connection?
Who should be the regulator for the
grid connection?
http://think.eui.eu
5
6. First poll: Who should design and develop the grid connection
of offshore wind farms? “choose a statement”
• A: Transmission System Operator (TSO)
• B: Offshore wind farm developers (Generators)
• C: Tender (Third parties)
http://think.eui.eu
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7. 1. Who should design and develop the connection?
Onshore
Connection regime
• First-come-first-serve
Principles
• Planning limited
• Element of competition no
Importance of the principles
• Onshore: limited
• Offshore: important
http://think.eui.eu
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8. 1. Who should design and develop the connection?
Increasing cost and technology uncertainties (THINK, 2012)
400
HVAC
350 HVDC VSC
300 MVAC
250
Distance (km)
200
150
100
50
0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
-50
Year Commissioned
http://think.eui.eu
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9. 1. Who should design and develop the connection?
Offshore wind farms in Germany (THINK, 2012)
Year Voltage (kV)
Name of the Distance to Power Transmission
# Country commissione
wind farm shore (km) (MW) technology
d
1 Alpha Ventus Germany 2010 52.5 60 110 HVAC
2 Baltic 1 Germany 2010 16 48.3 150 HVAC
3 Breitling Germany 2006 0.5 2.5 - -
4 Ems Emden Germany 2004 0.6 4.5 - -
5 HVDC BorWin 1 Germany 2009 200 400 150 HVDC VSC
6 HVDC BorWin 2 Germany 2012 200 800 HVDC VSC
7 HVDC DolWin 1 Germany 2013 330 800 320 HVDC VSC
8 HVDC HelWin 1 Germany 2013 130 576 380 HVDC VSC
9 HVDC SylWin 1 Germany 2014 205 864 HVDC VSC
Total Germany 3500
http://think.eui.eu
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10. 1. Who should design and develop the connection?
Germany offshore
Connection regime
• Connection obligation
Planning
• Offshore electricity plugs
Element of competition
• No
http://think.eui.eu
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11. 1. Who should design and develop the connection?
Offshore electricity plugs (Tennet)
http://think.eui.eu
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12. 1. Who should design and develop the connection?
Offshore electricity plugs (Elia homepage)
http://think.eui.eu
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13. 1. Who should design and develop the connection?
Offshore electricity plugs (ABB, Borwin alpha)
http://think.eui.eu
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14. 1. Who should design and develop the connection?
Offshore wind farms in Sweden (THINK, 2012)
Year Voltage (kV)
Name of the Distance to Power Transmission
# Country commissione
wind farm shore (km) (MW) technology
d
1 Utgrunden Sweden 2000 8 10.5 21 MVAC
2 Yttre Stengrund Sweden 2001 4 10 20 MVAC
3 Lillgrund Sweden 2007 7 110.4 130 HVAC
4 Bockstigen Sweden 1998 3 2.5 - -
5 Vanern Sweden 2009 7 30 - -
http://think.eui.eu
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15. 1. Who should design and develop the connection?
Sweden offshore
Connection regime
• Generators design and develop their connection
Planning
• No
Element of competition
• Yes
http://think.eui.eu
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16. 1. Who should design and develop the connection?
Offshore wind farms in the UK (THINK, 2012)
Year Voltage (kV)
Name of the Distance to Power Transmission
# Country commissione
wind farm shore (km) (MW) technology
d
1 Beatrice UK 2007 23 10 33 MVAC
2 Blyth UK 2000 1.6 4 11 MVAC
3 Burbo Bank UK 2007 6.4 90 33 MVAC
4 Inner Dowsing UK 2009 5.9 97.2 33 MVAC
5 Kentish Flats 1 UK 2005 10.75 90 33 MVAC
6 Lynn UK 2009 5.9 97.2 33 MVAC
7 North Hoyle UK 2004 7.2 60 33 MVAC
8 Rhyl Flats UK 2009 8 90 33 MVAC
9 Scroby Sands UK 2004 2.3 60 33 MVAC
10 Barrow UK 2008 7.5 90 132 HVAC
11 Greater Gabbard UK 2008 26 504 132 HVAC
12 Gunfleet Sands UK 2010 7 172.8 132 HVAC
13 Robin Rigg UK 2010 8 180 132 HVAC
14 Thanet UK 2010 11.4 300 132 HVAC
15 Walney 1 UK 2011 14.4 183.6 132 HVAC
Total UK 1478
http://think.eui.eu
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17. 1. Who should design and develop the connection?
Offshore wind farms in the UK (National Grid, 2011)
http://think.eui.eu
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18. 1. Who should design and develop the connection?
UK model for offshore (Martin Crouch, 2011)
Connection regime
• Offshore Transmission Owners (OFTO)
http://think.eui.eu
19. 1. Who should design and develop the connection?
UK model for offshore
Connection regime
• Offshore Transmission Owners (OFTO)
Planning
• More planning being considered
Element of competition
• Yes
• Ofgem: not only technology innovation
http://think.eui.eu
20. First poll: Who should design and develop the grid connection
of offshore wind farms? To sum up
Alternative models A) TSO B) Generators C) Third party
Experiments with
Germany Sweden UK
these models
Planning
Element of
competition
http://think.eui.eu
20
21. First poll: Who should design and develop the grid connection
of offshore wind farms? To sum up
Alternative models A) TSO B) Generators C) Third party
Experiments with
Germany Sweden UK
these models
Planning
Element of
competition
http://think.eui.eu
21
22. First poll: Who should design and develop the grid connection
of offshore wind farms? To sum up
Alternative models A) TSO B) Generators C) Third party
Experiments with
Germany Sweden UK
these models
Planning
Element of
competition
http://think.eui.eu
22
23. Second poll: Who should pay for the grid connection of
offshore wind farms? “choose a statement”
• A: Offshore wind farm developer (Generator)
• B: Grid users (Transmission tariffs)
http://think.eui.eu
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24. 2. Who should pay?
Example (Auer, 2007)
http://think.eui.eu
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25. 2. Who should pay?
Deep charges
http://think.eui.eu
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26. 2. Who should pay?
Shallow charges
http://think.eui.eu
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27. 2. Who should pay?
Super shallow charges
http://think.eui.eu
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28. 2. Who should pay?
Assessing current practice
Importance of having a price signal Relevance offshore
• Decision to locate • Constrained by concessions
• Timing decision • Electricity pugs
Current practice
• Germany: super shallow charges
• Sweden: shallow charges
• UK: super shallow, but with locational G-component
http://think.eui.eu
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29. Second poll: Who should pay for the grid connection of
offshore wind farms? To sum up
E.g. Germany Sweden UK
Planning
Element of
competition
Price signal
http://think.eui.eu
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30. Third poll: Who should be the regulator for the grid connection
of offshore wind farms? “choose a statement”
• A: National regulatory authorities
• B: Regional or EU regulatory framework
http://think.eui.eu
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31. 3. Who should be the regulator?
Kriegers Flak
http://think.eui.eu
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32. 3. Who should be the regulator?
Standalone solution
http://think.eui.eu
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33. 3. Who should be the regulator?
Combined solution
http://think.eui.eu
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34. 3. Who should be the regulator?
Problems due to not aligned national regulatory frameworks
• E.g. Swedish TSO is not
responsible for connection of
offshore wind farms
• E.g. German TSO obligation
makes cooperation difficult
• … (THINK, 2012)
http://think.eui.eu
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35. 3. Who should be the regulator?
Future could bring many more Kriegers Flak type of offshore grid projects
http://think.eui.eu
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36. Grid connection of offshore wind farms
Answers to the three questions
Who should design and develop the What matters is to have advanced
grid connection? connection planning, and an element
of competition
Who should pay for the grid Offshore wind developers should at
connection? least pay shallow charges
Who should be the regulator for the Offshore grids require collective
grid connection? action at regional or EU level
http://think.eui.eu
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37. Florence School of Regulation
Thank you very much for your attention
leonardo.meeus@eui.eu
http://think.eui.eu
THINK reports (published 2011 - 2012)
1) Public Support of RD&D
2) Smart Cities
3) Energy Roadmap for 2050
4) Public Budget of EU Member States
5) Offshore Grids
6) Transmission Grid Tarification
7) Building refurbishment
8) Electricity Storage
Ongoing (to be published in 2013)
9) EU technology policy for 2050
10) CBA for infrastructure package
http://think.eui.eu