The document discusses different ethical theories including utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and deontological ethics. It covers key aspects of each theory such as: - Utilitarianism (as developed by John Stuart Mill) judges acts based on their consequences, with the goal of maximizing happiness for the greatest number of people. However, it can seem to justify immoral acts and consequences are hard to predict. - Virtue ethics focuses on cultivating moral virtues and acting in accordance with them. The goal is eudemonia or the good life. But it is vague in practical application. - Deontological ethics (as in Kantian ethics) requires following strict moral rules and duties,