The document discusses how The Old Man and the Sea can be viewed as both a fairy tale and heroic tale. It notes that the story contains fantastical elements like Santiago's promise to sail beyond shallow waters, as well as an adventurous story involving his fight with the uncontrollable force of the marlin. The document argues that Santiago displays great bravery and perseverance in killing the fish, despite adversity, making it a story that teaches about heroism.