3. When is it
"national"
literature?
Does it refer to literary texts
written by Filipino authors?
Does it describe a variety of
literature that is, in some
measure, "nationalistic"?
4. When is it
"national"
literature?
Is national literature definable
only in contrast to regional
literature?
Are there literary works that fall
short of the standards it assumes?
5. "Harnessing Regional Literature for National
Literature" by Bienvenido Lumbera
The national artist & critic offers an account of the term in relation
to its changing political value. Lumbera observes that if "national"
is a particular Filipino consciousness or sentiment, then, following
historian Teodoro Agoncillo's lead, one may trace its emergence
to the Cavite Mutiny in 1872. By 1898, however, after the
ratification of the Malolos Constitution, the national
consciousness is thus identified as "Filipino" that took shape was
conditioned by the native landed elite, members of the ilustrado
class who benefited from the educational policies introduced by
the Americans. In fact, Rizal is an ilustrado.
6. PASYON AND REVOLUTION:
POPULAR MOMENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES,
1840-1910
BY REYNALDO ILETO
Philippine history is a
consequence of its priviledging
the perspective and the
initiatives of the educated elite in
its narrative of the Philippine
revolution.
7. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425 - THE RIZAL BILL
Passed in 1956 amid controversy.
A part of the Philippine state's drive to
decolonize Philippine culture, mandated the
teaching of Rizal and his works in public and
private high schools and universities.
They perceived this as a recall for the
"Filipinoness" - an understanding of our history.
8. The National
Artist Award
Established in 1972.
Confers the rank or title of National Artist to
Filipino citizens who have made distinct
significant contributions in the filed of arts
and letters namely, music, dance, theater,
visual arts, literature, film, broadcast arts, and
architecture.
The award is said to represent the nation's
highest ideals in humanism and aesthetic
expression.
9. CRITERIA:
Living artists who are
Filipino citizens at the time
of nomination, as well as
those who died after the
establishment of the
award in 1972 but were
Filipino citizens at the time
of their death;
Artists who through
the content and
form of their works,
have contributed in
building a Filipino
sense of nationhood.
Artists who have
pioneered in a mode of
creative expression or
style, thus, earning
distinction and making
an impact on succeeding
generations of artists.
10. CRITERIA:
Artists who have created a
substantial and significant
body of work/consistently
displayed excellence in the
practice of their art form
thus enriching artistic
expression and style.
Artists who through
the content and
form of their works,
have contributed in
building a Filipino
sense of nationhood.
Artists who have
pioneered in a mode of
creative expression or
style, thus, earning
distinction and making
an impact on succeeding
generations of artists.
