The document provides calculations for thickening various types of solids feeds using simple gravity thickening. It analyzes primary, trickling filter, RBC, WAS, and combination feeds. Key parameters like solid content and volume reductions are calculated for each feed type at different solid percentages. Mass balances and formulas are used to determine volumes and reductions based on assumptions for the various feeds.

1. HILDA INAYA ILMA
21080112110096

2. Responsi 1
Type of Solids Feed (%TS) Thickened Solids (%TS)
Primary (PRI) 2 – 7 5 – 10
Trickling Filter (TF) 1 – 4 3 – 6
Rotating Biological Contactor
(RBC)
1 – 3,5 2 – 5
Waste Activated Solids (WAS) 0,2 – 1 2 – 3
PRI + WAS 0,5 – 4 4 – 7
PRI + TF 2 – 6 5 – 9
PRI + RBC 2 – 6 5 – 8
PRI + Lime 3 – 4,5 10 – 15
PRI + (WAS + Iron) 1,5 3
PRI + (WAS + Aluminium Salts) 0,2 – 0,4 4,5 – 6,5
Anaerobically Digested PRI +
WAS
4 8
Berdasarkan data kinerja gravity thickening konvensional diatas, coba Saudara/i
analisis berdasarkan formula kalkulasi sederhana dan perencanaan.

3. Lumpur Primary Feed
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 7%

4. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
02,1
32,1/71/93
793
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

5. ( )
300,7
)02,1(3/1000)100/7(
500
)(% .
mVp
mkg
kg
Vp
Srsolid
M
Vp
sludgewet
P
=
=
=

6. Lumpur Primary Thickened
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 10%

7. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
025,1
32,1/101/90
1090
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

8. ( )
388,4
)025,1(3/1000)100/10(
500
)(% .
mVt
mkg
kg
Vt
Srsolid
M
Vt
sludgewet
P
=
=
=
%26,30100
0,7
88,40,7
100
=
−
=
−
=
xreductionvolume
x
V
VV
reductionvolume
p
tp

9. Lumpur Trickling Filter Feed
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 4%

10. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
01,1
32,1/41/96
496
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

11. ( )
338,12
)01,1(3/1000)100/4(
500
)(% .
mVp
mkg
kg
Vp
Srsolid
M
Vp
sludgewet
P
=
=
=

12. Lumpur Trickling Filter Thickened
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 6%

13. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
015,1
32,1/61/94
694
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

14. ( )
321,8
)015,1(3/1000)100/6(
500
)(% .
mVt
mkg
kg
Vt
Srsolid
M
Vt
sludgewet
P
=
=
=
%68,33100
38,12
21,838,12
100
=
−
=
−
=
xreductionvolume
x
V
VV
reductionvolume
p
tp

15. Lumpur RBC Feed
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 3,5%

16. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
008,1
32,1/5,31/5,96
5,35,96
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

17. ( )
317,14
)008,1(3/1000)100/5,3(
500
)(% .
mVp
mkg
kg
Vp
Srsolid
M
Vp
sludgewet
P
=
=
=

18. Lumpur RBC Thickened
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 5%

19. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
012,1
32,1/51/95
595
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

20. ( )
388,9
)012,1(3/1000)100/5(
500
)(% .
mVt
mkg
kg
Vt
Srsolid
M
Vt
sludgewet
P
=
=
=
%28,30100
17,14
88,917,14
100
=
−
=
−
=
xreductionvolume
x
V
VV
reductionvolume
p
tp

21. Lumpur WAS Feed
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 1%

22. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
002,1
32,1/11/99
199
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

23. ( )
39,49
)002,1(3/1000)100/1(
500
)(% .
mVp
mkg
kg
Vp
Srsolid
M
Vp
sludgewet
P
=
=
=

24. Lumpur WAS Thickened
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 3%

25. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
007,1
32,1/31/97
397
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

26. ( )
355,16
)007,1(3/1000)100/3(
500
)(% .
mVt
mkg
kg
Vt
Srsolid
M
Vt
sludgewet
P
=
=
=
%83,66100
9,49
55,169,49
100
=
−
=
−
=
xreductionvolume
x
V
VV
reductionvolume
p
tp

27. Lumpur PRI+WAS Feed
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 4%

28. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
01,1
32,1/41/96
496
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

29. ( )
337,12
)01,1(3/1000)100/4(
500
)(% .
mVp
mkg
kg
Vp
Srsolid
M
Vp
sludgewet
P
=
=
=

30. Lumpur PRI+WAS Thickened
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 7%

31. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
02,1
32,1/71/93
793
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

32. ( )
300,7
)02,1(3/1000)100/7(
500
)(% .
mVt
mkg
kg
Vt
Srsolid
M
Vt
sludgewet
P
=
=
=
%41,43100
37,12
00,737,12
100
=
−
=
−
=
xreductionvolume
x
V
VV
reductionvolume
p
tp

33. Lumpur PRI+TF Feed
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 6%

34. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
015,1
32,1/61/94
694
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

35. ( )
321,8
)015,1(3/1000)100/6(
500
)(% .
mVp
mkg
kg
Vp
Srsolid
M
Vp
sludgewet
P
=
=
=

36. Lumpur PRI+TF Thickened
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 9%

37. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
02,1
32,1/91/91
991
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

38. ( )
344,5
)02,1(3/1000)100/9(
500
)(% .
mVt
mkg
kg
Vt
Srsolid
M
Vt
sludgewet
P
=
=
=
%74,33100
37,12
44,521,8
100
=
−
=
−
=
xreductionvolume
x
V
VV
reductionvolume
p
tp

39. Lumpur PRI+RBC Feed
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 6%

40. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
015,1
32,1/61/94
694
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

41. ( )
321,8
)015,1(3/1000)100/6(
500
)(% .
mVp
mkg
kg
Vp
Srsolid
M
Vp
sludgewet
P
=
=
=

42. Lumpur PRI+RBC Thickened
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 8%

43. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
02,1
32,1/81/92
892
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

44. ( )
313,6
)02,1(3/1000)100/8(
500
)(% .
mVt
mkg
kg
Vt
Srsolid
M
Vt
sludgewet
P
=
=
=
%33,25100
21,8
13,621,8
100
=
−
=
−
=
xreductionvolume
x
V
VV
reductionvolume
p
tp

45. Lumpur PRI+Lime Feed
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 4,5%

46. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
01,1
32,1/5,41/5,95
5,45,95
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

47. ( )
300,11
)01,1(3/1000)100/5,4(
500
)(% .
mVp
mkg
kg
Vp
Srsolid
M
Vp
sludgewet
P
=
=
=

48. Lumpur PRI+Lime Thickened
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 15%

49. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
04,1
32,1/151/85
1585
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

50. ( )
321,3
)04,1(3/1000)100/15(
500
)(% .
mVt
mkg
kg
Vt
Srsolid
M
Vt
sludgewet
P
=
=
=
%81,70100
00,11
21,300,11
100
=
−
=
−
=
xreductionvolume
x
V
VV
reductionvolume
p
tp

51. Lumpur PRI+(WAS + Iron) Feed
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 1,5%

52. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
006,1
32,1/5,11/5,98
5,15,98
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

53. ( )
313,33
)006,1(3/1000)100/5,1(
500
)(% .
mVp
mkg
kg
Vp
Srsolid
M
Vp
sludgewet
P
=
=
=

54. Lumpur WAS Thickened
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 3%

55. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
007,1
32,1/31/97
397
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

56. ( )
355,16
)007,1(3/1000)100/3(
500
)(% .
mVt
mkg
kg
Vt
Srsolid
M
Vt
sludgewet
P
=
=
=
%05,50100
13,33
55,1613,33
100
=
−
=
−
=
xreductionvolume
x
V
VV
reductionvolume
p
tp

57. Lumpur PRI+(Alumunium Salt)
Feed
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 0,4%

58. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
001,1
32,1/4,01/6,99
4,06,99
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

59. ( )
349,12
)001,1(3/1000)100/4,0(
500
)(% .
mVp
mkg
kg
Vp
Srsolid
M
Vp
sludgewet
P
=
=
=

60. Lumpur WAS+Alumunium Salt
Thickened
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 6,5%

61. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
02,1
32,1/5,61/5,93
5,65,93
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

62. ( )
354,7
)02,1(3/1000)100/5,6(
500
)(% .
mVt
mkg
kg
Vt
Srsolid
M
Vt
sludgewet
P
=
=
=
%63,39100
49,12
54,749,12
100
=
−
=
−
=
xreductionvolume
x
V
VV
reductionvolume
p
tp

63. Lumpur Anarobical Digested Feed
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 4%

64. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
001,1
32,1/41/96
496
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

65. ( )
349,12
)001,1(3/1000)100/4,0(
500
)(% .
mVp
mkg
kg
Vp
Srsolid
M
Vp
sludgewet
P
=
=
=

66. Lumpur Anaerobical Digested
• Asumsi massa lumpur = 500 kg
• Asumsi Sv = 1 ; Sf = 2,5
• Asumsi Vs = 60% ; Fs = 40%
• Solid = 8%

67. 32,1
0,1
6,0
5,2
4,01
=
+=
+=
s
s
v
v
f
f
s
s
S
S
S
W
S
W
S
W
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
02,1
32,1/81/92
892
/%/%
%%
.
.
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
sludgewet
sludgewet
S
SssludgeinsolidSwwater
sludgeinsolidwater
S

68. ( )
313,6
)02,1(3/1000)100/8(
500
)(% .
mVt
mkg
kg
Vt
Srsolid
M
Vt
sludgewet
P
=
=
=
%48,49100
49,12
31,649,12
100
=
−
=
−
=
xreductionvolume
x
V
VV
reductionvolume
p
tp

69. • Semakin besar nilai Ss, dapat dikatakan
partikel tersebut akan semakin berat,
sehingga td (time detention) akan semakin
cepat atau pendek, sehingga SsLR semakin
besar, HRL semakin kecil, karena nilai HLR
berbanding terbalik dengan A (luas
permukaan), sehingga apabila nilai HRL kecil
maka luas permukaan akan semakin besar,
otomatis dimensi dari gravity thickener
semakin besar.

70. Responsi 2
Type of Solids Feed (%TS) Thickened Solids (%TS) Digested Solids (%TS) Dewatered Solids
(%TS)
Primary (PRI) 2 – 7 5 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 35
Trickling Filter (TF) 1 – 4 3 – 6 8 – 12 16 – 25
Rotating Biological
Contactor (RBC)
1 – 3,5 2 – 5 4 – 10 8 – 20
Waste Activated Solids
(WAS)
0,2 – 1 2 – 3 4 – 6 8 – 15
PRI + WAS 0,5 – 4 4 – 7 8 – 14 16 – 28
PRI + TF 2 – 6 5 – 9 10 – 18 20 – 35
PRI + RBC 2 – 6 5 – 8 10 – 16 20 – 32
PRI + Lime 3 – 4,5 10 – 15 20 – 30 35 – 50
PRI + (WAS + Iron) 1,5 3 6 12
PRI + (WAS +
Aluminium Salts)
0,2 – 0,4 4,5 – 6,5 9 – 13 18 – 25
Anaerobically Digested
PRI + WAS
4 8 16 30
Berdasarkan data kinerja diatas, coba Saudara/i analisis berdasarkan formula
kalkulasi sederhana dan perencanaan.