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COMPOSTING
101
Ellen Book,
UF/IFAS Extension
Miami-Dade County
Master Gardener
Link to slide
presentation:
https://TINYURL.com/KLCompost
Ellen Book, Branch Manager Pinecrest Branch Library
booke@mdpls.org www.mdpls.org
So first.
A few
features….
Choose your library card!
Choose your library card!
Ad-free. Influence-free.
Powered by consumers.
Outside the Library
Get a 24-hour access code to start reading. After 24 hours,
return here to get a new code. There are no limits on how many
codes you can use.
0
7 day
check
out for
full
music
albums
TV SHOWS & MOVIES 3-DAY
Acs select classes from MasterClass with your MDPLS
card!
Help create PLARN balls
Recycle bags into mats
for the homeless
Mats for the homeless
HYBRID
PROGRAM
A Good Book
Book Club
first Thursdays
@ 6pm
Third
Wednesdays
April 19, 2022
10 am – 2 pm
Telephone
Pinecrest Library
for an appointment or email
booke@mdpls.org
www.GatherGoGet.com
COMPOSTING
101
Ellen Book,
Master Gardener
UF/IFAS Extension
Miami-Dade County
Master Gardener
Link to slide
presentation:
https://TINYURL.com/KLCompost
The chat box
will open at the
end of the
lecture for a
Q&A session.
Institute of Food and
Agricultural Sciences - IFAS
https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/miami-dade/
Everyday Information Source
Everyday Information Source
Everyday Information Source
Gardening Solutions
https://tinyurl.com/MiamiVeggies
Was NOT me
Kitchen food scraps. Photo: Tia Silvasy, UF/IFAS
Too much
too wet
too long…
Anaerobic bacteria
kills worms
UF/IFAS
A Tumbler Bin Composter
UF/IFAS
Fill out the evaluation
at the end of the
program for a voucher
80-gallon capacity
Size:
32” diameter X 32” tall
THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR LOCATING
YOUR COMPOSTER IS CONVENIENCE.
What Is The Best Location For A Compost Bin In
Your Yard – Sun or Shade?
Sheet Composting Top-dressing on
the soil surface like a garden lasagna
right onto a future growing space.
Trench Composting - composting
directly in the soil
Cold Bin Composting Fill your
compost bin halfway with browns and
bury kitchen scraps
Bokashi Bucket anaerobic bacteria
(grass-like inoculated bran, rice, dried
leaves sprinkled over scraps). 10
days to ferment & “pickle” waste,
forming an acidic organic matter that
must be dug into the soil or added to
a compost pile.
TYPES OF COMPOSTING
.
GREENs = nitroGen
BROWNs = carBon
NitroGen = Protein
CarBon = Energy
From: https://small-farm-permaculture-and-
sustainable-living.com/how-build-compost-pile/
THE RECIPE
Can I compost this?
Material Can I Compost? Comment
Banana skins Yes
Bird cage "waste" Yes
Bone meal Yes
Bread Yes
Cereal Yes
Citrus (e.g., oranges,
grapefruit, lemons, tangerines)
Yes
Green/nitrogen - must cut in
half or quarter before
composting; mix with browns
& add 6-inch layer of browns
on top
Coffee grounds (with paper
filter)
Yes Green/nitrogen
Corn cobs Yes
Cornmeal Yes
Cottonseed meal Yes
Crop waste Yes
Egg shells Yes Adds calcium
Citrus
green/nitrogen
cut in half or quarter before composting
mix with browns &
add a 6-inch layer of browns on top
BROWNS ON THE BOTTOM & TOP ARE
Attribution to: KidsGardening: A Kids’ Guide to Messing Around in the Dirt by Kevin Raftery
Photo www.bobvila.com
From : https://www.emnz.com/article/microbial-imbalances-in-the-soil
“The secret world beneath our feet is mind-blowing –
and the key to our planet’s future : Don’t dismiss soil:
its unknowable wonders could ensure the survival of our
species”
by George Monbiot in The Guardian, 5/7/2022
I
AS PILE TEMPERATURES  & 
TIME IS NEEDED FOR VARIOUS
MICROORGANISMS TO COLONIZE
Left: (1 year old) Last year’s material all garden stuff, grass & leaves,
kitchen: banana peels veg. trimmings from the pile’s top.
Middle: (2 years old) bottom of this year’s pile put into bags
Right: (3 years old) Finished product from the bags to be used in the
garden & greenhouse this year
GUESS WHERE THIS
COMPOST WAS MADE?
Smaller surface areas
decompose faster
Attribution to: KidsGardening: A Kids’ Guide to Messing Around in the Dirt by Kevin Raftery
Compost
bin
cutaway
Aeration
keeps
microbes
alive.
Anerobic
microbes
STINK!
Compost Crank
Compost Aerator
The free compost bins have
trapdoors at the bottom to access
the compost which may need to be
further cured/finished at a lower
temperature.
Check for moisture when
turning the compost.
The consistency should
feel like a wrung-out sponge.
UF/IFAS
Smaller bits
decompose
faster
BIGGER
pieces need
more time
Unfinished compost
may stress plants, causing
yellowing or stalling growth
Heat cooks most weeds.
For hot composting turn when pile
temperature drops below 100°F or
if the pile is more than 150°F
HEALTHY VEGGIES AND PLANTS START WITH
HEALTHY SOIL!
UF/IFAS Leon County Extension
Five “Pests”
in a Compost Pile
NOW LET’S TALK ABOUT…
Vermi-Composting Definitions
• Vermiculture – Work farming process of
culturing worms to decompose organic food
waste, turning it into nutrient rich material
• Casting – Worm waste, digested food
• Omnivores – Animals that eat plants and
animals
• Hermaphrodites – Animals with male and
female sex organs.
http://clipart-library.com/
Red Wigglers
Contains
• 5Xs the available nitrogen
• 7Xs the available potash
• 50% more calcium
than 6” of good top soil
• Water soluble nutrient immediately available for
plant intake.
Will not burn root system
unlike fresh raw manures
Red Wigglers
UF/IFAS
v
https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/saras
ota/natural-resources/waste-
reduction/composting/quizfa
q/
COMPOST QUIZ
!
1) I'm having problems with
my compost system and I'm not
sure of the cause. What should
I do first?
a. Add water
b. Add browns/carbon rich
material
c. Turn the compost
1) I'm having problems with
my compost system and I'm not
sure of the cause. What should
I do first?
a. Add water
b. Add browns/carbon rich
material
c. Turn the compost
2) My compost smells bad and
I turned it yesterday. What can I
do?
a. Add bulky browns/carbon-rich
material
b. Add greens/nitrogen-rich
material
c. Add water
2) My compost smells bad and
I turned it yesterday. What can I
do?
a. Add bulky browns/carbon-rich
material
b. Add greens/nitrogen-rich
material
c. Add water
3) My pile won't heat up, but I have
the proper volume of material
(approximately 1 cubic yard), enough
oxygen (aeration), and a good balance
of carbon to nitrogen (approximately
30:1). What can I do?
a. Add lime
b. Add moisture
c. Add potting soil
d. Add clean wood ash
e. All of the above
3) My pile won't heat up, but I have
the proper volume of material
(approximately 1 cubic yard),
enough oxygen (aeration), and a
good balance of carbon to
nitrogen (approximately 30:1).
What can I do?
b. Add moisture
4) What can I do about flies in my
compost?
a. Spray with pesticide
b. Create a separate pile for kitchen
scraps
c. No need to act
4) What can I do about flies in
my compost?
a. Spray with pesticide
b. Create a separate pile for
kitchen scraps
c. No need to act
5) How can I compost in my
high-rise condominium or
apartment?
a. With a compost bin
b. With worms
c. With the in-sink disposal
5) How can I compost in my
high-rise condominium or
apartment?
a. With a compost bin
b. With worms
c. With the in-sink disposal
6) What is the optimal size of a
composting system?
a. The bigger, the better
b. Long and narrow
c. About 3 feet high by 3 feet long
by 3 feet wide
6) What is the optimal size of a
composting system?
a. The bigger, the better
b. Long and narrow
c. About 3 feet high by 3 feet long
by 3 feet wide
7) What can be used as a catalyst or
inoculant to get my compost pile
started?
a. Finished compost
b. Large pieces left over from screening
compost
c. Small amount of organic top soil from
the yard
d. Commercially prepared inoculant
e. All of the above
7) What can be used as a catalyst or
inoculant to get my compost pile
started?
a. Finished compost
b. Large pieces left over from screening
compost
c. Small amount of organic top soil from
the yard
d. Commercially prepared inoculant
e. All of the above
8) How do I get rid of fire ants
in my compost pile?
a. Leave the pile alone
b. Water and turn the pile
c. Spray the pile with pesticide
8) How do I get rid of fire ants
in my compost pile?
a. Leave the pile alone
b. Water and turn the pile
c. Spray the pile with pesticide
9) When is the compost
finished?
a. After 6-8 weeks
b. When the compost appears dark,
crumbly, and looks and smells like
soil
c. When the pile temperature
exceeds 131 degrees F
9) When is the compost
finished?
a. After 6-8 weeks
b. When the compost appears dark,
crumbly, and looks and smells like
soil
c. When the pile temperature
exceeds 131 degrees F
10) What determines how long it takes for
organic material to become useful
compost?
a. Size of materials place into composting
system
b. Carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio of materials
place into composting system
c. Level of management/attention paid to the
composting process
d. Intended use for finished compost
e. All of the above
10) What determines how long it takes for
organic material to become useful
compost?
a. Size of materials place into composting
system
b. Carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio of materials
place into composting system
c. Level of management/attention paid to the
composting process
d. Intended use for finished compost
e. All of the above
11) Must I cover the compost bin?
a. Yes
b. No
11) Must I cover the compost bin?
a. Yes
b. No
12) What items may harm my worms if
added to my vermi-composting system?
a. Alcohol or vinegar
b. Coffee grinds
c. Oranges or other citrus
d. All of the above
12) What items may harm my worms if
added to my vermi-composting system?
a. Alcohol or vinegar
b. Coffee grinds
c. Oranges or other citrus
d. All of the above
13) It I can't compost it, what can I do with
it?
a. Reduce
b. Reuse
c. Recycle
d. All of the above
13) It I can't compost it, what can I do with
it?
a. Reduce
b. Reuse
c. Recycle
d. All of the above
14) Must I use a manufactured composting
bin?
a. Yes
b. No
14) Must I use a manufactured composting
bin?
a. Yes
b. No
15) What is the lowest-cost backyard
composting system?
a. Pile, trench, and sheet composting
b. Manufactured bins
c. Self-made bins
15) What is the lowest-cost backyard
composting system?
a. Pile, trench, and sheet composting
b. Manufactured bins
c. Self-made bins
16) What best accelerates the
decomposition of oak leaves?
a. Water the pile
b. Turn the pile twice a week
c. Shred leaves before adding to the compost
d. All of the above
16) What best accelerates the
decomposition of oak leaves?
a. Water the pile
b. Turn the pile twice a week
c. Shred leaves before adding to the compost
d. All of the above
17) How can I accelerate the compost
decomposition process?
a. Active management of the compost system
b. Building a bigger pile
c. Adding a compost starter/inoculant/catalyst
d. None of the above
17) How can I accelerate the compost
decomposition process?
a. Active management of the compost system
b. Building a bigger pile
c. Adding a compost starter/inoculant/catalyst
d. None of the above
18) How much time does it take to make
compost?
a. One hour per day
b. One hour per week
c. One hour per month
d. As little or as much time as I want
18) How much time does it take to make
compost?
a. One hour per day
b. One hour per week
c. One hour per month
d. As little or as much time as I want
19) Hot composting and vermi-composting
are compatible?
a. True
b. False
19) Hot composting and vermi-composting
are compatible?
a. True
b. False
7701 SW 76 Ave, Miami, FL 33143
For
Miami
Beach
residents
ONLY
email:
ViceChair@miami.SurfRider.org
For
Miami
Beach
residents
ONLY
LANDFILL SITES
Evaluation
& Voucher
Link to the slide
presentation:
https://TINYURL.com/KLcompost
Questions?
Miami-Dade
voucher will be
valid for six
months.
Vasquez,Laura A
lavasquez@ufl.edu
Urban Horticulture Agent and
Master Gardener Coordinator

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2023-02-25 Composting at Home 101 with link at KL.pptx

  • 1. COMPOSTING 101 Ellen Book, UF/IFAS Extension Miami-Dade County Master Gardener Link to slide presentation: https://TINYURL.com/KLCompost
  • 2. Ellen Book, Branch Manager Pinecrest Branch Library booke@mdpls.org www.mdpls.org
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  • 17. Outside the Library Get a 24-hour access code to start reading. After 24 hours, return here to get a new code. There are no limits on how many codes you can use.
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  • 34. TV SHOWS & MOVIES 3-DAY
  • 35. Acs select classes from MasterClass with your MDPLS card!
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39. Help create PLARN balls Recycle bags into mats for the homeless Mats for the homeless
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  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43. HYBRID PROGRAM A Good Book Book Club first Thursdays @ 6pm
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  • 45.
  • 46. Third Wednesdays April 19, 2022 10 am – 2 pm Telephone Pinecrest Library for an appointment or email booke@mdpls.org www.GatherGoGet.com
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49. COMPOSTING 101 Ellen Book, Master Gardener UF/IFAS Extension Miami-Dade County Master Gardener Link to slide presentation: https://TINYURL.com/KLCompost The chat box will open at the end of the lecture for a Q&A session.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences - IFAS https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/miami-dade/
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  • 65.
  • 66.
  • 68. Kitchen food scraps. Photo: Tia Silvasy, UF/IFAS
  • 69. Too much too wet too long… Anaerobic bacteria kills worms UF/IFAS
  • 70.
  • 71. A Tumbler Bin Composter UF/IFAS
  • 72.
  • 73.
  • 74.
  • 75.
  • 76. Fill out the evaluation at the end of the program for a voucher 80-gallon capacity Size: 32” diameter X 32” tall
  • 77. THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR LOCATING YOUR COMPOSTER IS CONVENIENCE. What Is The Best Location For A Compost Bin In Your Yard – Sun or Shade?
  • 78. Sheet Composting Top-dressing on the soil surface like a garden lasagna right onto a future growing space. Trench Composting - composting directly in the soil Cold Bin Composting Fill your compost bin halfway with browns and bury kitchen scraps Bokashi Bucket anaerobic bacteria (grass-like inoculated bran, rice, dried leaves sprinkled over scraps). 10 days to ferment & “pickle” waste, forming an acidic organic matter that must be dug into the soil or added to a compost pile. TYPES OF COMPOSTING
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  • 80. .
  • 81.
  • 82. GREENs = nitroGen BROWNs = carBon NitroGen = Protein CarBon = Energy From: https://small-farm-permaculture-and- sustainable-living.com/how-build-compost-pile/
  • 84.
  • 85.
  • 86. Can I compost this? Material Can I Compost? Comment Banana skins Yes Bird cage "waste" Yes Bone meal Yes Bread Yes Cereal Yes Citrus (e.g., oranges, grapefruit, lemons, tangerines) Yes Green/nitrogen - must cut in half or quarter before composting; mix with browns & add 6-inch layer of browns on top Coffee grounds (with paper filter) Yes Green/nitrogen Corn cobs Yes Cornmeal Yes Cottonseed meal Yes Crop waste Yes Egg shells Yes Adds calcium
  • 87. Citrus green/nitrogen cut in half or quarter before composting mix with browns & add a 6-inch layer of browns on top
  • 88.
  • 89. BROWNS ON THE BOTTOM & TOP ARE
  • 90.
  • 91.
  • 92. Attribution to: KidsGardening: A Kids’ Guide to Messing Around in the Dirt by Kevin Raftery
  • 93.
  • 94.
  • 95.
  • 98. “The secret world beneath our feet is mind-blowing – and the key to our planet’s future : Don’t dismiss soil: its unknowable wonders could ensure the survival of our species” by George Monbiot in The Guardian, 5/7/2022 I
  • 99.
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  • 102.
  • 103.
  • 104. AS PILE TEMPERATURES  &  TIME IS NEEDED FOR VARIOUS MICROORGANISMS TO COLONIZE
  • 105. Left: (1 year old) Last year’s material all garden stuff, grass & leaves, kitchen: banana peels veg. trimmings from the pile’s top. Middle: (2 years old) bottom of this year’s pile put into bags Right: (3 years old) Finished product from the bags to be used in the garden & greenhouse this year GUESS WHERE THIS COMPOST WAS MADE?
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  • 108. Attribution to: KidsGardening: A Kids’ Guide to Messing Around in the Dirt by Kevin Raftery
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  • 113. The free compost bins have trapdoors at the bottom to access the compost which may need to be further cured/finished at a lower temperature.
  • 114. Check for moisture when turning the compost. The consistency should feel like a wrung-out sponge. UF/IFAS
  • 116. Unfinished compost may stress plants, causing yellowing or stalling growth
  • 117. Heat cooks most weeds. For hot composting turn when pile temperature drops below 100°F or if the pile is more than 150°F
  • 118. HEALTHY VEGGIES AND PLANTS START WITH HEALTHY SOIL! UF/IFAS Leon County Extension
  • 119. Five “Pests” in a Compost Pile
  • 120. NOW LET’S TALK ABOUT…
  • 121. Vermi-Composting Definitions • Vermiculture – Work farming process of culturing worms to decompose organic food waste, turning it into nutrient rich material • Casting – Worm waste, digested food • Omnivores – Animals that eat plants and animals • Hermaphrodites – Animals with male and female sex organs. http://clipart-library.com/
  • 123. Contains • 5Xs the available nitrogen • 7Xs the available potash • 50% more calcium than 6” of good top soil • Water soluble nutrient immediately available for plant intake. Will not burn root system unlike fresh raw manures Red Wigglers UF/IFAS
  • 124. v
  • 126. 1) I'm having problems with my compost system and I'm not sure of the cause. What should I do first? a. Add water b. Add browns/carbon rich material c. Turn the compost
  • 127. 1) I'm having problems with my compost system and I'm not sure of the cause. What should I do first? a. Add water b. Add browns/carbon rich material c. Turn the compost
  • 128. 2) My compost smells bad and I turned it yesterday. What can I do? a. Add bulky browns/carbon-rich material b. Add greens/nitrogen-rich material c. Add water
  • 129. 2) My compost smells bad and I turned it yesterday. What can I do? a. Add bulky browns/carbon-rich material b. Add greens/nitrogen-rich material c. Add water
  • 130. 3) My pile won't heat up, but I have the proper volume of material (approximately 1 cubic yard), enough oxygen (aeration), and a good balance of carbon to nitrogen (approximately 30:1). What can I do? a. Add lime b. Add moisture c. Add potting soil d. Add clean wood ash e. All of the above
  • 131. 3) My pile won't heat up, but I have the proper volume of material (approximately 1 cubic yard), enough oxygen (aeration), and a good balance of carbon to nitrogen (approximately 30:1). What can I do? b. Add moisture
  • 132. 4) What can I do about flies in my compost? a. Spray with pesticide b. Create a separate pile for kitchen scraps c. No need to act
  • 133. 4) What can I do about flies in my compost? a. Spray with pesticide b. Create a separate pile for kitchen scraps c. No need to act
  • 134. 5) How can I compost in my high-rise condominium or apartment? a. With a compost bin b. With worms c. With the in-sink disposal
  • 135. 5) How can I compost in my high-rise condominium or apartment? a. With a compost bin b. With worms c. With the in-sink disposal
  • 136. 6) What is the optimal size of a composting system? a. The bigger, the better b. Long and narrow c. About 3 feet high by 3 feet long by 3 feet wide
  • 137. 6) What is the optimal size of a composting system? a. The bigger, the better b. Long and narrow c. About 3 feet high by 3 feet long by 3 feet wide
  • 138. 7) What can be used as a catalyst or inoculant to get my compost pile started? a. Finished compost b. Large pieces left over from screening compost c. Small amount of organic top soil from the yard d. Commercially prepared inoculant e. All of the above
  • 139. 7) What can be used as a catalyst or inoculant to get my compost pile started? a. Finished compost b. Large pieces left over from screening compost c. Small amount of organic top soil from the yard d. Commercially prepared inoculant e. All of the above
  • 140. 8) How do I get rid of fire ants in my compost pile? a. Leave the pile alone b. Water and turn the pile c. Spray the pile with pesticide
  • 141. 8) How do I get rid of fire ants in my compost pile? a. Leave the pile alone b. Water and turn the pile c. Spray the pile with pesticide
  • 142. 9) When is the compost finished? a. After 6-8 weeks b. When the compost appears dark, crumbly, and looks and smells like soil c. When the pile temperature exceeds 131 degrees F
  • 143. 9) When is the compost finished? a. After 6-8 weeks b. When the compost appears dark, crumbly, and looks and smells like soil c. When the pile temperature exceeds 131 degrees F
  • 144. 10) What determines how long it takes for organic material to become useful compost? a. Size of materials place into composting system b. Carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio of materials place into composting system c. Level of management/attention paid to the composting process d. Intended use for finished compost e. All of the above
  • 145. 10) What determines how long it takes for organic material to become useful compost? a. Size of materials place into composting system b. Carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio of materials place into composting system c. Level of management/attention paid to the composting process d. Intended use for finished compost e. All of the above
  • 146. 11) Must I cover the compost bin? a. Yes b. No
  • 147. 11) Must I cover the compost bin? a. Yes b. No
  • 148. 12) What items may harm my worms if added to my vermi-composting system? a. Alcohol or vinegar b. Coffee grinds c. Oranges or other citrus d. All of the above
  • 149. 12) What items may harm my worms if added to my vermi-composting system? a. Alcohol or vinegar b. Coffee grinds c. Oranges or other citrus d. All of the above
  • 150. 13) It I can't compost it, what can I do with it? a. Reduce b. Reuse c. Recycle d. All of the above
  • 151. 13) It I can't compost it, what can I do with it? a. Reduce b. Reuse c. Recycle d. All of the above
  • 152. 14) Must I use a manufactured composting bin? a. Yes b. No
  • 153. 14) Must I use a manufactured composting bin? a. Yes b. No
  • 154. 15) What is the lowest-cost backyard composting system? a. Pile, trench, and sheet composting b. Manufactured bins c. Self-made bins
  • 155. 15) What is the lowest-cost backyard composting system? a. Pile, trench, and sheet composting b. Manufactured bins c. Self-made bins
  • 156. 16) What best accelerates the decomposition of oak leaves? a. Water the pile b. Turn the pile twice a week c. Shred leaves before adding to the compost d. All of the above
  • 157. 16) What best accelerates the decomposition of oak leaves? a. Water the pile b. Turn the pile twice a week c. Shred leaves before adding to the compost d. All of the above
  • 158. 17) How can I accelerate the compost decomposition process? a. Active management of the compost system b. Building a bigger pile c. Adding a compost starter/inoculant/catalyst d. None of the above
  • 159. 17) How can I accelerate the compost decomposition process? a. Active management of the compost system b. Building a bigger pile c. Adding a compost starter/inoculant/catalyst d. None of the above
  • 160. 18) How much time does it take to make compost? a. One hour per day b. One hour per week c. One hour per month d. As little or as much time as I want
  • 161. 18) How much time does it take to make compost? a. One hour per day b. One hour per week c. One hour per month d. As little or as much time as I want
  • 162. 19) Hot composting and vermi-composting are compatible? a. True b. False
  • 163. 19) Hot composting and vermi-composting are compatible? a. True b. False
  • 164.
  • 165. 7701 SW 76 Ave, Miami, FL 33143
  • 166.
  • 169.
  • 170.
  • 171. Evaluation & Voucher Link to the slide presentation: https://TINYURL.com/KLcompost Questions? Miami-Dade voucher will be valid for six months. Vasquez,Laura A lavasquez@ufl.edu Urban Horticulture Agent and Master Gardener Coordinator