Cells contain three main types of cytoskeletal elements - microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. Microtubules are the thickest and made of tubulin, providing structural support and enabling cell movement through processes like cell division and intracellular transport. Microfilaments are the thinnest and composed of actin and myosin, allowing for internal cell movements. Intermediate filaments are of intermediate size and contain keratin, reinforcing cell shape and structure.
This presentation aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms and key players involved in intracellular transport, highlighting their significance in cellular processes. Overview of Cellular Organization: Briefly describe the different compartments of a eukaryotic cell, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and lysosomes. Emphasize that intracellular transport ensures the efficient distribution of components between these compartments.
Cells contain three main types of cytoskeletal elements - microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. Microtubules are the thickest and made of tubulin, providing structural support and enabling cell movement through processes like cell division and intracellular transport. Microfilaments are the thinnest and composed of actin and myosin, allowing for internal cell movements. Intermediate filaments are of intermediate size and contain keratin, reinforcing cell shape and structure.
This presentation aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms and key players involved in intracellular transport, highlighting their significance in cellular processes. Overview of Cellular Organization: Briefly describe the different compartments of a eukaryotic cell, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and lysosomes. Emphasize that intracellular transport ensures the efficient distribution of components between these compartments.
1) Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) allow cells to adhere to other cells and to the extracellular matrix. The main CAM families are cadherins, integrins, the immunoglobulin superfamily, and selectins.
2) Cadherins are calcium-dependent CAMs that mediate homophilic adhesion between cells of the same type. They link to the actin cytoskeleton via catenins. Cadherins play important roles in tissue formation and embryogenesis.
3) Integrins are heterodimeric CAMs composed of alpha and beta subunits. They mediate calcium-dependent adhesion between cells and the extracellular matrix by binding ligands like fibronectin and laminin. Integrins also
Cilia are short, hair-like appendages on cells that move through rotational beating, while flagella are longer, thread-like appendages that move through slower, wave-like motions. Cilia are found in many eukaryotic cells and beat synchronously, whereas flagella are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and beat independently of each other. Cilia are much smaller than flagella, typically 5-10 micrometers long compared to flagella that can be over 150 micrometers in length.
The document describes the normal gross anatomy and appearance of various avian organs including the heart, liver, lungs, digestive system and others. Key details include the typical color, size, texture and locations of the heart, liver, gallbladder, spleen, proventriculus, gizzard, pancreas, duodenum and other structures. The document provides guidance on evaluating these structures for abnormalities.
The document discusses chromosome organization and packaging, as well as the cell cycle and its regulation. It describes the different phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2, M) and checkpoints that ensure DNA replication is complete and any damage repaired before the cell divides. Key regulators of the cell cycle include cyclins, CDKs, and CDKIs, which promote or inhibit phase transitions in response to internal and external signals. DNA damage checkpoints in particular arrest the cell cycle to allow repair or induce apoptosis if damage is too severe.
Cell junctions connect neighboring cells and mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. They are classified as tight junctions, gap junctions, and anchoring junctions. Tight junctions form selective barriers between cells, while gap junctions allow small molecules to pass directly between cells. Anchoring junctions like adherens junctions and desmosomes provide strength through connections to cytoskeletal proteins. Cell adhesion molecules like integrins, cadherins, and selectins are involved in cell binding and play roles in processes like differentiation, migration, and survival.
this presentation has detailed information on cell cycle. it includes steps as well as how the proteins take part in cell cycle.
i have also added information on some experiments that were carried out.
happy studying :)
Mitosis is the process of cell division that produces two daughter cells with identical copies of chromosomes. It occurs in both animal and plant cells through the same stages: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. The key difference between animal and plant cell mitosis is that plant cells have cell walls that must form between the dividing cells.
ΔΡΑΣΕΙΣ ΦΙΛΑΝΑΓΝΩΣΙΑΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟ ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΙ
"Ο ΘΗΣΑΥΡΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΘΕΟΦΙΛΟΥ"
Εκδόσεις Χριστάκη
Ένας ναΐφ Έλληνας ζωγράφος ντυμένος πότε σαν φουστανελάς και πότε σαν Μεγαλέξανδρος. Από τα παιδικά του χρόνια στη Λέσβο μέχρι τη Σμύρνη και το Πήλιο όπου έζησε, πορεύτηκε στη ζωή με μοναδικό εφόδιο τα όνειρά του, την παιδική ψυχή του κι ένα κασελάκι με τα σύνεργά του. Εκεί ήξερε να κρύβει καλά εκτός από τα είδη ζωγραφικής και μερικά χαρτιά με ιστορίες και διαβάσματα. Τι άραγε να έγραφαν; Τι σχέση μπορεί να έχουν με τη ζωή του; Γιατί τούτα τα διαβάσματα ήταν ο δικός του καλά κρυμμένος θησαυρός; Ένα αληθινό παραμύθι για να γνωρίσουν τα παιδιά τη μαγεία της τέχνης και της ζωής του μεγάλου μας λαϊκού ζωγράφου Θεόφιλου Χατζημιχαήλ.
An insight to chick embryology post to gastrulation, at different incubation periods, each showing development of head, extra-embryonic membranes, organs and other body part till it forms the 72h Hamilton and hamburger stage, where it looks like a primitive organisms with precursors to all major organs have been already formed.
1) Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) allow cells to adhere to other cells and to the extracellular matrix. The main CAM families are cadherins, integrins, the immunoglobulin superfamily, and selectins.
2) Cadherins are calcium-dependent CAMs that mediate homophilic adhesion between cells of the same type. They link to the actin cytoskeleton via catenins. Cadherins play important roles in tissue formation and embryogenesis.
3) Integrins are heterodimeric CAMs composed of alpha and beta subunits. They mediate calcium-dependent adhesion between cells and the extracellular matrix by binding ligands like fibronectin and laminin. Integrins also
Cilia are short, hair-like appendages on cells that move through rotational beating, while flagella are longer, thread-like appendages that move through slower, wave-like motions. Cilia are found in many eukaryotic cells and beat synchronously, whereas flagella are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and beat independently of each other. Cilia are much smaller than flagella, typically 5-10 micrometers long compared to flagella that can be over 150 micrometers in length.
The document describes the normal gross anatomy and appearance of various avian organs including the heart, liver, lungs, digestive system and others. Key details include the typical color, size, texture and locations of the heart, liver, gallbladder, spleen, proventriculus, gizzard, pancreas, duodenum and other structures. The document provides guidance on evaluating these structures for abnormalities.
The document discusses chromosome organization and packaging, as well as the cell cycle and its regulation. It describes the different phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2, M) and checkpoints that ensure DNA replication is complete and any damage repaired before the cell divides. Key regulators of the cell cycle include cyclins, CDKs, and CDKIs, which promote or inhibit phase transitions in response to internal and external signals. DNA damage checkpoints in particular arrest the cell cycle to allow repair or induce apoptosis if damage is too severe.
Cell junctions connect neighboring cells and mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. They are classified as tight junctions, gap junctions, and anchoring junctions. Tight junctions form selective barriers between cells, while gap junctions allow small molecules to pass directly between cells. Anchoring junctions like adherens junctions and desmosomes provide strength through connections to cytoskeletal proteins. Cell adhesion molecules like integrins, cadherins, and selectins are involved in cell binding and play roles in processes like differentiation, migration, and survival.
this presentation has detailed information on cell cycle. it includes steps as well as how the proteins take part in cell cycle.
i have also added information on some experiments that were carried out.
happy studying :)
Mitosis is the process of cell division that produces two daughter cells with identical copies of chromosomes. It occurs in both animal and plant cells through the same stages: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. The key difference between animal and plant cell mitosis is that plant cells have cell walls that must form between the dividing cells.
ΔΡΑΣΕΙΣ ΦΙΛΑΝΑΓΝΩΣΙΑΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟ ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΙ
"Ο ΘΗΣΑΥΡΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΘΕΟΦΙΛΟΥ"
Εκδόσεις Χριστάκη
Ένας ναΐφ Έλληνας ζωγράφος ντυμένος πότε σαν φουστανελάς και πότε σαν Μεγαλέξανδρος. Από τα παιδικά του χρόνια στη Λέσβο μέχρι τη Σμύρνη και το Πήλιο όπου έζησε, πορεύτηκε στη ζωή με μοναδικό εφόδιο τα όνειρά του, την παιδική ψυχή του κι ένα κασελάκι με τα σύνεργά του. Εκεί ήξερε να κρύβει καλά εκτός από τα είδη ζωγραφικής και μερικά χαρτιά με ιστορίες και διαβάσματα. Τι άραγε να έγραφαν; Τι σχέση μπορεί να έχουν με τη ζωή του; Γιατί τούτα τα διαβάσματα ήταν ο δικός του καλά κρυμμένος θησαυρός; Ένα αληθινό παραμύθι για να γνωρίσουν τα παιδιά τη μαγεία της τέχνης και της ζωής του μεγάλου μας λαϊκού ζωγράφου Θεόφιλου Χατζημιχαήλ.
An insight to chick embryology post to gastrulation, at different incubation periods, each showing development of head, extra-embryonic membranes, organs and other body part till it forms the 72h Hamilton and hamburger stage, where it looks like a primitive organisms with precursors to all major organs have been already formed.