This document provides guidance on troubleshooting issues with Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs) in hospital rooms and cardiac care units. It discusses potential acute and chronic problems including loose connections, sensing issues due to lead maturation or inappropriate programming, and pacing issues from lead insulation breaks or conductor coil fractures. Four main problems are outlined - failure to capture, loss of output, oversensing, and undersensing. Troubleshooting tips are provided for addressing each issue. The key point emphasized is that pacemakers are designed to pace and sense cardiac signals effectively.
This document discusses tools and techniques for left ventricular lead implantation in patients with complex cardiac anatomy:
1. It recommends having backup pacing available and describes approaches for implanting the right ventricular lead first or left ventricular lead first.
2. The six step implant process is outlined as: cannulating the coronary sinus, performing venograms, selecting the target vein and left ventricular lead, placing the leads, measuring the electrical measurements, and removing the delivery system tools.
3. Techniques are provided for overcoming challenges with each step like variable coronary sinus anatomy, dilated right atrium, valves obstructing advancement, and small vessel size. The importance of pre-procedural venography is emphasized for selecting optimal target
Atrial tachycardias can originate from different sites in the atria and have various mechanisms. Common sites include the right atrial appendage, coronary sinus ostium, and crista terminalis. Mechanisms include focal automaticity, triggered activity, microreentry, and macroreentry. Macroreentry is the most common mechanism and can involve single or double loop circuits around anatomical barriers or scar tissue. Diagnosis involves electrocardiographic localization of the origin and electrophysiological testing including pacing maneuvers to evaluate for entrainment. Catheter ablation is often curative by targeting the arrhythmia origin site or critical portions of reentrant circuits.
The document discusses various cardiac arrhythmias including:
1. Sinus tachycardia originates from the sinus node with a heart rate of 100-180 BPM due to abnormal automaticity.
2. Atrial flutter is caused by reentry in the right and left atrium, presenting with rapid, regular P-waves at a rate of 250-400 BPM and an irregular ventricular response.
3. Atrial fibrillation is caused by multiple wavelets of reentry in the right and/or left atrium, with a heart rate over 400 BPM, irregular rhythm, and irregular ventricular response.
The document discusses using noncontact mapping (NCM) to characterize the origin of focal atrial tachycardia (AT). NCM uses a multielectrode array to map cardiac activation across the entire atrium. Studies have found that focal AT typically originates from areas of low voltage surrounding scar zones. The origin site shows centrifugal activation spread and a sharp unipolar electrogram. Adenosine can terminate focal AT by shifting the origin location or decreasing electrogram voltages. Catheter ablation targeting the origin site or nearby areas of slow conduction is effective for eliminating focal AT.
The Taiwanese Society of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology held an educational training seminar. The seminar discussed topics related to cardiac pacing and electrophysiology. It aimed to advance the medical knowledge of participants in these areas of heart rhythm management.
This document discusses routine follow-up procedures for patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices. It recommends using the PBL-STOP method to review the patient's presenting rhythm, battery status, lead status, sensing, thresholds, and observations from the device. The device can provide 14 months of trended data on arrhythmias, activity levels, and fluid status that should be compared to the patient's reported symptoms. The trends can help assess issues like atrial fibrillation, heart rate variability, day and night heart rates, activity levels, fluid buildup, and how much pacing is received. The trend information should be evaluated to see if it matches any signs of worsening heart failure.
This document discusses the role of echocardiography in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). It covers:
1) Using echocardiography pre-CRT implantation to evaluate dyssynchrony and predict response to CRT. Greater dyssynchrony indicates higher likelihood of response.
2) Using echocardiography post-CRT implantation to optimize device settings like atrioventricular delay and interventricular delay to maximize benefits. Methods like measuring aortic velocity time integral are used.
3) A hospital's experience with timing follow-up echocardiography post-implantation and optimization at baseline, 3 months, and every 6 months or as needed. Results showed CRT improved
1. While CRT is effective for many patients, approximately one-third do not experience full benefits. Non-response can be due to factors like suboptimal device settings, medical therapy, or lead placement.
2. Managing CRT patients involves optimizing medical treatment, monitoring the device, educating patients, and regular follow-ups. Device settings like AV/VV timing and using multi-site pacing can improve outcomes.
3. For non-responders, following a protocol to re-evaluate device settings, medical compliance, and consider lead repositioning or additional optimization may increase the likelihood of a positive response.
Sinus tachycardia is characterized by a heart rate over 100 beats per minute originating from the sinus node. It can be a normal response to exercise or stress or indicate underlying conditions like heart failure. Symptoms may occur if the heart rate is very fast or the patient has heart disease. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and reducing stress or anxiety.
The document summarizes updates made in 2012 by the ACC/AHA/HRS to the guidelines for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with systolic heart failure.
1. The guidelines were modified to specify CRT for patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and a QRS duration of 150 ms or greater, and expanded to include those with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II symptoms.
2. Several new recommendations were added regarding CRT eligibility for patients with atrial fibrillation, those requiring significant ventricular pacing, and those with NYHA class I symptoms from ischemic cardiomyopathy.
3. The guidelines also provide clarification on when CRT is not
This document provides guidance on troubleshooting issues with Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs) in hospital rooms and cardiac care units. It discusses potential acute and chronic problems including loose connections, sensing issues due to lead maturation or inappropriate programming, and pacing issues from lead insulation breaks or conductor coil fractures. Four main problems are outlined - failure to capture, loss of output, oversensing, and undersensing. Troubleshooting tips are provided for addressing each issue. The key point emphasized is that pacemakers are designed to pace and sense cardiac signals effectively.
This document discusses tools and techniques for left ventricular lead implantation in patients with complex cardiac anatomy:
1. It recommends having backup pacing available and describes approaches for implanting the right ventricular lead first or left ventricular lead first.
2. The six step implant process is outlined as: cannulating the coronary sinus, performing venograms, selecting the target vein and left ventricular lead, placing the leads, measuring the electrical measurements, and removing the delivery system tools.
3. Techniques are provided for overcoming challenges with each step like variable coronary sinus anatomy, dilated right atrium, valves obstructing advancement, and small vessel size. The importance of pre-procedural venography is emphasized for selecting optimal target
Atrial tachycardias can originate from different sites in the atria and have various mechanisms. Common sites include the right atrial appendage, coronary sinus ostium, and crista terminalis. Mechanisms include focal automaticity, triggered activity, microreentry, and macroreentry. Macroreentry is the most common mechanism and can involve single or double loop circuits around anatomical barriers or scar tissue. Diagnosis involves electrocardiographic localization of the origin and electrophysiological testing including pacing maneuvers to evaluate for entrainment. Catheter ablation is often curative by targeting the arrhythmia origin site or critical portions of reentrant circuits.
The document discusses various cardiac arrhythmias including:
1. Sinus tachycardia originates from the sinus node with a heart rate of 100-180 BPM due to abnormal automaticity.
2. Atrial flutter is caused by reentry in the right and left atrium, presenting with rapid, regular P-waves at a rate of 250-400 BPM and an irregular ventricular response.
3. Atrial fibrillation is caused by multiple wavelets of reentry in the right and/or left atrium, with a heart rate over 400 BPM, irregular rhythm, and irregular ventricular response.
The document discusses using noncontact mapping (NCM) to characterize the origin of focal atrial tachycardia (AT). NCM uses a multielectrode array to map cardiac activation across the entire atrium. Studies have found that focal AT typically originates from areas of low voltage surrounding scar zones. The origin site shows centrifugal activation spread and a sharp unipolar electrogram. Adenosine can terminate focal AT by shifting the origin location or decreasing electrogram voltages. Catheter ablation targeting the origin site or nearby areas of slow conduction is effective for eliminating focal AT.
The Taiwanese Society of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology held an educational training seminar. The seminar discussed topics related to cardiac pacing and electrophysiology. It aimed to advance the medical knowledge of participants in these areas of heart rhythm management.
This document discusses routine follow-up procedures for patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices. It recommends using the PBL-STOP method to review the patient's presenting rhythm, battery status, lead status, sensing, thresholds, and observations from the device. The device can provide 14 months of trended data on arrhythmias, activity levels, and fluid status that should be compared to the patient's reported symptoms. The trends can help assess issues like atrial fibrillation, heart rate variability, day and night heart rates, activity levels, fluid buildup, and how much pacing is received. The trend information should be evaluated to see if it matches any signs of worsening heart failure.
This document discusses the role of echocardiography in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). It covers:
1) Using echocardiography pre-CRT implantation to evaluate dyssynchrony and predict response to CRT. Greater dyssynchrony indicates higher likelihood of response.
2) Using echocardiography post-CRT implantation to optimize device settings like atrioventricular delay and interventricular delay to maximize benefits. Methods like measuring aortic velocity time integral are used.
3) A hospital's experience with timing follow-up echocardiography post-implantation and optimization at baseline, 3 months, and every 6 months or as needed. Results showed CRT improved
1. While CRT is effective for many patients, approximately one-third do not experience full benefits. Non-response can be due to factors like suboptimal device settings, medical therapy, or lead placement.
2. Managing CRT patients involves optimizing medical treatment, monitoring the device, educating patients, and regular follow-ups. Device settings like AV/VV timing and using multi-site pacing can improve outcomes.
3. For non-responders, following a protocol to re-evaluate device settings, medical compliance, and consider lead repositioning or additional optimization may increase the likelihood of a positive response.
Sinus tachycardia is characterized by a heart rate over 100 beats per minute originating from the sinus node. It can be a normal response to exercise or stress or indicate underlying conditions like heart failure. Symptoms may occur if the heart rate is very fast or the patient has heart disease. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and reducing stress or anxiety.
The document summarizes updates made in 2012 by the ACC/AHA/HRS to the guidelines for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with systolic heart failure.
1. The guidelines were modified to specify CRT for patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and a QRS duration of 150 ms or greater, and expanded to include those with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II symptoms.
2. Several new recommendations were added regarding CRT eligibility for patients with atrial fibrillation, those requiring significant ventricular pacing, and those with NYHA class I symptoms from ischemic cardiomyopathy.
3. The guidelines also provide clarification on when CRT is not
1) The digital ESC Congress 2020 attracted over 116,000 healthcare professionals from 211 countries, focusing on new knowledge in arrhythmias and device therapy.
2) New guidelines and studies provided updates on atrial fibrillation screening and management, showing benefits of early rhythm control and new anticoagulants.
3) Studies explored new pacing approaches like His bundle and left bundle pacing to improve effectiveness and reduce fluoroscopy time.
A meeting was held on August 10, 2019 (Saturday) in room 803 of the Taipei Chang Yung-fa International Convention Center. The meeting location and date are provided.