KnowledgeCoin : recognizing and rewarding metadata integration and sharing on the semantic web
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Research is increasingly becoming a data-intensive science, however proper data integration and sharing is more than storing the datasets in a public repository, it requires the data to be organized, characterized and updated continuously. This article assumes that by rewarding and recognizing metadata sharing and integration on the semantic web using ontologies, we are promoting and intensifying the trust and quality in data sharing and integration. So, the proposed approach aims at measuring the knowledge rating of a dataset according to the specificity and distinctiveness of its mappings to ontology concepts. The knowledge ratings will then be used as the basis of a novel reward and recognition mechanism that will rely on a virtual currency, dubbed KnowledgeCoin (KC). Its implementation could explore some of the solutions provided by current cryptocurrencies, but KC will not be a cryptocurrency since it will not rely on a cryptographic proof but on a central authority whose trust depends on the knowledge rating measures proposed by this article. The idea is that every time a scientific article is published, KCs are distributed according to the knowledge rating of the datasets supporting the article.
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KnowledgeCoin : recognizing and rewarding metadata integration and sharing on the semantic web
- 1. KnowledgeCoin recognizing and rewarding metadata integration and sharing on the semantic web Francisco Couto Lightning Talk ISWC2014 – Riva del Garda, Trento, Italy 23th October 2014
- 2. Figure 1. Two pages (scan) from Galilei's Sidereus Nuncius (“The Starry Messenger” or “The Herald of the Stars”), Venice, 1610. Goodman A, Pepe A, Blocker AW, Borgman CL, et al. (2014) Ten Simple Rules for the Care and Feeding of Scientific Data. PLoS Comput Biol 10(4): e1003542. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003542 http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003542 Galileo integrated •the direct results of his observations of Jupiter •with careful and clear descriptions of how they were performed From “Big” Data to Knowledge
- 3. <?xml version="1.0"?> <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dc= "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintra_Collar"> <dc:description> Gold collar. It was made from three circular sectioned and tapering gold bars that are fused at the ends forming a penannular neck-ring. </dc:description> <dc:date>1250BC-800BC (circa)</dc:date> <dc:location> Sintra, Portugal </dc:location> <dc:type> Gold </dc:type> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
- 4. Different Perceptions of Reality
- 5. <?xml version="1.0"?> <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dc= "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintra_Collar"> <dc:description> Gold collar. It was made from three circular sectioned and tapering gold bars that are fused at the ends forming a penannular neck-ring. </dc:description> <dc:date>1250BC-800BC (circa)</dc:date> <dc:location> Sintra, Portugal http://yboss.yahooapis.com/geo/placefinder?woeid=748874 </dc:location> <dc:type> Gold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30050 </dc:type> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
- 6. Metal Silver Coinage Precious Palladium Gold Platinum Copper is-a mappings
- 7. Metal Silver Coinage Precious Palladium Gold Platinum Copper is-a Gold Market Stats 2013 mapping Silver Market Stats 2013
- 8. Solution: proper data sharing rules •So let’s create some Data-sharing Policies and some Compliance and Enforcement activities
- 9. Data-sharing policies “Adherence to data-sharing policies is as inconsistent as the policies themselves” “351 papers covered by some data-sharing policy, only 143 fully adhered to that policy” (~40%) “is time-consuming to do properly, the reward systems aren't there and neither is the stick” “Of all the data that are made available, what fraction is actually used by someone else? “ Steven Wiley in Nature, 2011 http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110914/full/news.2011.536.html
- 10. Human Factor •“More often than scientists would like to admit, they cannot even recover the data associated with their own published works” http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1003542 •“you have no idea the number of excuses people come up with to hang onto their data and not give it to you” Tim Berners-Lee, TED talk, 2009 http://www.ted.com/talks/tim_berners_lee_on_the_next_web
- 11. Incentivize rather than Enforce •“to encourage data sharing, systematic reward and recognition mechanisms are necessary”. Principles of data management and sharing at European Research Infrastructures https://zenodo.org/record/8304
- 12. What and How to reward? We must define: 1.what to reward and recognize; –E.g. Ontological metadata mappings 2.and measure its value •in quantitative and objective way •knowledge ratings
- 13. Why metadata and not raw data? •Raw data with access restrictions can still be shared –Request on demand, or inside a community: –E.g. clinical records for the SemEval competition •Analysis of Clinical Text •measure the value of raw data –is daunting task –but if it is being used and annotated –is because it has value
- 14. Knowledge rating all the links are equal, but some links are more equal than others (adaption of George Orwell’s quote of Animal Farm)
- 15. Knowledge Rating Specificity Metal Coinage Precious Gold is-a
- 16. Knowledge Rating Distinctiveness Metal Coinage Precious Gold is-a Portugal Sintra part-of
- 18. Cryptocurrency Components •Wallet, define the amount of coins assigned to an individual, i.e. the balance; •Mining, the process of supplying coins to some wallets, i.e. money creation; •and Transaction, the process of transferring coins between two wallets, i.e. money exchange •KC is not a Cryptocurrency
- 19. KC Mining
- 20. KC Distribution •Apply knowledge ratings –to the supporting datasets –of a new scientific article •Recognition statements –specify a different distribution of the KCs •Not uniformly distributed between author wallets –that may even include other wallets
- 21. KC Inflation •#KC in circulation will keep growing –with the growth of new scientific articles –may trigger some distrust on its value •But, scientific articles are peer reviewed –So their number is always limited –and adhesion to real scientific advances guaranteed
- 22. KC Transaction •Public KCs transactions: –Access to a dataset (raw data) –Metadata enrichment of dataset –Journal publication fees reductions •may improve their Impact Factor –ISWC registration fee reduction •Issues –creation of spam mappings –and other security threats
- 23. http://metarate.fc.ul.pt And to implement KnowledgeCoins we need RealCoins… PhD scholarship opportunity @Phd Programme Biosys at ULisboa Financed by the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia through the Multiannual Funding Programme and the project SOMER (PTDC/EIA- EIA/119119/2010); and by the European Commission through the BiobankCloud project under the Seventh FrameworkProgramme (grant #317871).