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Broadacer City
       と
 Levitt Town
     法政大学 デザイン工学部 建築学科2年
               学籍番号 11n1053
               氏名 久保園 友絵
Frank Lloyd Wright
   1867―1959
Broadacre City 1934―1958
Broadacer Cityの規模
○規模    :2マイル×2マイル≒40×64エー

カー=   10.36㎢
1400世帯の住宅計画。

○ユニット:1エーカー=4046.85642㎡

≒1235坪
Jacobs House (1936)
 最初のUsonian House
Broadacer Cityのコンセプト
〝アメリカにおける新しい自由な生活のための条件〝
 ・公共のために必要なものは、個人の所有にしない。
 ・地主(landlord)や店子、小作人(tenant)はいない。
 ・公営住宅(housing)はない。最低限住宅もない。
 ・交通問題はない。行ったり来たりはない。
 ・鉄道、路面電車はない。
 ・平面交差はない。
 ・視界に、電信柱、電線はない。
 ・路側に溝はない。
 ・ヘッドライト、照明器具は必要ない。
 ・道路、歩道にまぶしいコンクリート面はない。
 ・高い建物はない。ただし公園の中に孤立して建つものはある。
 ・道路わきに看板はない。
 ・スラムはない。ホームレスはいない。
 ・個人が必要とするものは、公共のものにしない。
 ・各個人に最低1エーカーの土地を。
 ・Broadacer Cityは現在の土地測量制度を変えない。
 ・各郡は、政府に一議席を持つ。
 ・管理運営は、無線や放送と飛行(flight)でなされる。
 ・建築の形はその地域の性格や地形で定まる。
なぜこの条件が生まれたのか?
20世紀のアメリカの社会の背景
○1900年代
 19世紀後半に工業化が発展
独占資本主義1)による数多い社会問題

悪いトラスト2)の規制、輸出入に対する関税問題、鉄道規制3)

 アメリカへの移民の流入
1901―1910で880万人

安い労働力
低賃金、スラム化など様々な社会問題

第一次世界大戦で、ウッドロー・ウィルソンは「14ヶ条」の平和提案をし、自由主義的、資本
主義的な世界秩序を目指した。
○1930年代

 1929年10月24日、世界恐慌
工業生産は4割に減少
失業者は1283万人(当時の全米労働者の4人に1人)



 1933年ニューディール政策(フランクリン・
ルーズベルト)
金融、失業対策、農業、工業、産業、社会保障などに関する政
策
Levitt Town
○規模:
6.9平方マイル

≒17.8㎢
○人口:

53067人(2000年)
比較

• 共通点
自然豊かで安全、平和な暮らし
低価格なので誰もが自分の家を手に入る
交通手段は自動車を利用
比較
• 最も大きな相違点
・Broadacer City
農業
   →自然と人間との関係を大事にしている
・Levitt Town
家族
   →人と人との関係を大事にしている
[参考文献]

• 「ライト50周年記念事業」(URL:http://www.wright50years.com/)ア
  クセス日2012/6/27
• 「20世紀アメリカ年代別解説」
• (URL:http://www1.doshisha.ac.jp/~syamada/work/chronologicalta
  ble/comments.htm#0)アクセス日2012/6/28
• Wikipedia アクセス日2012/6/27
• Kotobank アクセス日2012/6/28
• 防長不動産株式会社「団地フォトギャラリー」
  (URL:http://www.bochofudosan.com/photogallery/rebit/index.htm
  l)アクセス日2012/06/29

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2012アーバニズム_「B3_Broadacer CityとLevitt Town」_久保園友絵_11N1053