LICH Landscape Hawaii Magazine - October/November 2012 Issue

L I C H C O N F E R E N C E O C T . 2 5 T H
Landscape Industry
Council of Hawai’i
P. O. Box 22938
Honolulu HI 96823-2938
U.S. POSTAGE PAID
HONOLULU, HI
PERMIT NO. 1023
PRESORTED
STANDARD
OCTOBER | NOVEMBER 2012
T h e V o ice o f H A W A I’ S G R E E N I N D U S T R Y $5.00
TAKING THE TEST 64 candidates participated in the Oahu Landscape Certification Exam
LOULU: THE
HAWAIIAN PALM
LICH
CONFERENCE
At the Blaisdell Exhibition Hall
on October 25th
New book by palm
expert Don Hodel

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L I C H G R E E N
INDUSTRY
Conference and Trade Show > Blaisdell Exhibition Hall
Thursday, October 25, 2012 > 7:00AM – 5:30PM
Presented by the Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii & Associate Member Organizations
Mark your calendar for Thursday, October 25, 2012 for a one-day conference and trade show packed
with five concurrent breakout presentations offering a wide variety of speakers and topics to choose
from. Register today!
u FREE TRADE SHOW – Stop by the trade show from 10:00AM to 5:30PM and check out the latest
machines, tools and products to improve your landscape.
u PRIZES – Enter for a chance to win fabulous door prizes including the Grand Prize, two-nights at the
Moana Surfrider Hotel, plus $100 dining credit in Waikiki - $1,100 value! Compliments of Kyo-ya
Hotels & Resorts
u EARN VALUABLE Continuing Education UNITS (CEU) FOR:
▪ PLANET Certified Landscape Technicians
▪ HDOA Pest Applicators
▪ ISA Certified Arborists
▪ Golf Course Superintendents
REGISTRATION, MEMBERSHIP AND FEES:
▪ On-line www.lich2012.eventbrite.com
▪ Or complete attached registration
For information contact Madeleine Shaw at (808) 946-7055
or visit the LICH website at www.landscapehawaii.org.
u CONFERENCE SPONSORS
G S
Gold SILVER
www. l i c h 2 0 1 2 . e v e n t b r i t e . c o m

LICH GREEN INDUSTRY Confceeenr adn Trade Show
PLENARY SPEAKER (8:15 – 9:00am)
Landscaping with Natives in Hawai‘i:
The Past, Present and Future
Speaker: Kāwika Winter
Director, Limahuli Garden and Preserve
Kāwika Winter joined the NTBG
in 2005 as the Director of Limahuli
Garden and Preserve. Kalo and other
plants that were significant to the
early inhabitants, as well as na-tive
species, make up the Garden's
collections. Behind the Garden is the
Limahuli Preserve where conserva-tionists
and restoration biologists are
working to preserve species native to this habitat. Born and
raised in the ahupua‘a of Wai‘alae, Kona, O‘ahu, Kāwika grew
up in the islands with the mountains and the ocean as his
playground. He went to the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa
(UHM) where he received a B.A. and an M.S. in botany. He is
currently working on the completion of his Ph.D. from UHM
which focuses on the reciprocal influences that cultures and
plants have on each other’s evolutionary trajectories
Presentation: Limahuli Garden and Preserve is a
1,000 acre valley in northwest Kaua‘i that is home to
more than 250 native plants, about 50 of which are
on the verge of extinction. Limahuli is known for its
habitat protection of pristine, montane cloud-forest;
cutting edge restoration projects in highly-degraded
lowland forest; and a botanical garden in the mouth
of the valley that played a key role in the genesis of the
native-plant movement in Hawai‘i. We will explore the
successes we have had in connecting conservation,
education, cultural perpetuation, and landscaping.
SESSION 1 (9:05 – 10:00am)
Something Old, Something New (9:05-9:30am)
Speakers: Richard Criley
and Alberto Ricordi
Richard Criley is Emeritus Professor in Horticulture and
Albert Ricordi is a Doctorate student in Architecture, M.S.
in Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences. Ricordi has been evaluat-ing
some alternative species, both native and introduced,
for landscape purposes.
Presentation: The mainland nursery trade is constant-ly
coming out with new cultivars of landscape plants,
while there are many tried and true varieties that are
not in use because landscape designers have difficulty
finding them. Dr. Criley would present some of the new
introductions while Mr. Ricordi will report on his re-search
with alternative species, both native and exotic.
Alternative Trees Project (9:30 – 10:00am)
Speakers: John Montoya, Richard Criley,
Alberto Ricordi
John Montoya is a TPSS M.S. PhD student, Richard Criley,
Emeritus Professor in Horticulture, and Alberto Ricordi,
Doctorate student in Architecture.
Presentation: The overuse of a limited palette of
trees in Hawaii landscapes led to the development of
a research project in the Dept. of Tropical Plant & Soil
Sciences to explore some trees of good potential but
which have been less-used in residential, street and ho-tel
plantings, and parks. The presentation will describe
some of these trees, their advantages and disadvan-tages,
and direct interested landscapers to a website
that has been prepared to provide more information.
Part 1: Natural Enemies of Insect Plant
Pests
Part 2: New and Common Insects of
Landscape Plants in Hawaii
Speaker: Walter Nagamine
Walter Nagamine is with the Hawaii Department of Agri-culture,
Biological Control Section.
Presentation: Part 1: Natural enemies are respon-sible
for control of many insect plant pests in Hawaii
and are easily overlooked because of their small size
and inconspicuous nature. Being able to recognize
parasitoids and predators will help you conserve
natural enemies and make better decisions about
insecticide use. Parasitoids are mostly wasps, while
predators typically include ladybugs, green lace-wings,
and hover flies. Parasitoids attacking pests
such as whiteflies, aphids, psyllids, mealybugs and
scale insects will leave evidence of their parasitic ac-tivity.
For example, after the female wasp lays its egg
in the body of the host insect, the wasp larva feeds
and develops into an adult, which then emerges by
chewing a distinctive circular exit hole. Another clue
to the presence of parasitoids is the "mummification"
FEATURED SPEAKERS

of the host insect. Aphids, psyllids, and mealybugs
that are parasitized will mummify, becoming bloated
and turning to a brown color before the adult wasp
emerges. Predators, on the other hand, usually don't
leave clues to their presence because they either eat
their entire host or suck the body contents and leave
only shriveled remains. Recognizing the different life
stages of general predators can be learned through
observation of pest infestations to determine who
is eating the pest. For example, the immature
and adult stage of a ladybug are both predaceous,
whereas a green lacewing is predaceous in its larval
stage only. Natural enemies attacking the spiraling
whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus) is a good example
of effective control by both parasitoid and predator.
The combined effort of a parasitic wasp (Aleurocto-nus
vittatus) and three predaceous ladybug species
(Nephaspis bicolor, Nephaspis indus, and Delphastus
catalinae) help to keep this whitefly under control.
Part 2: New insects to Hawaii sometimes become a
problem when they arrive here to an abundance of
host plants and without any natural enemies. Some
recent invasive species and other insects commonly
seen in the landscape will be discussed.
Edible Landscaping and Decadance
Speaker: Brian Lievens
Brian Lievans has a degree in Nursery-Landscape Tech
from Southern California. He moved to Hawaii 25 years
ago to work with tropical plants.
Presentation: Foodscapings utility is its greatest
liability to mass marketing and cultural change.
Sociological barriers represent the major obstacle to
food production in the suburban environment.
Safety Enforcement Under The New Osha
And Hiosh Operational Agreement
Speakers: Raj Sundram and Galen Lemke
Raj Sundram is an OSHA Compliance Officer for U.S.
Department of Labor with over 10 years experience and an
OSHA trainer for the maritime industry. He is also an Ad-junct
professor for Graduate Level Course at Hawaii Pacific
University for Global Energy Sustainability and a Health
and Safety trainer in Mandarin Chinese. Galen Lemke is the
Director for the Honolulu Area Federal OSHA Office and
is an industrial hygienist with over 18 years of experience
working for the Federal Occupational Safety and Health
Administration. Currently, Mr. Lemke along with 5 staff
members, oversee industries in the Hawaiian Islands, Guam,
CNMI and American Samoa.
Presentation: Be informed on how this may
impact your business operations! Prepare your
workplace for an inspection! Improve your level
of employee safety! Presentation will include new
jurisdiction background, top violations, standard
application, how to develop a strong safety and
health culture, inspection process and OSHA web-site
navigation.
SESSION 2 (10:30 – 11:30am)
Understanding and Managing Soils
for a Healthy Landscape
Speaker: Jonathan Deenik
Jonathan Deenik is an Associate Specialist, Soil Fertility at
the Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences.
Presentation: Overview of basic soil fertility concepts
including cation exchange capacity, the adverse effects
of soil acidity, liming, nitrogen and soil organic matter,
and soil water. There will be a section on soil diversity
in Hawaii and how this diversity affects soil behavior.
Newer, Safer Insecticides for Use
in the Landscape
Speaker: Arnold Hara
Arnold Hara is an entomologist and extension specialist in the
Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences
stationed at UH-CTAHR, Komohana Research and Extension
Center in Hilo, Hawaii. He completed his Ph.D. in Entomolo-gy
from the University of California-Davis in 1982 and has been
stationed in Hilo, Hawaii with research and extension duties
in pest management of floricultural crops and landscapes.
Presentation: Dr. Hara will discuss major pests in
the Hawaiian landscape, including whiteflies, scale
insects, mealybugs, thrips and monkeypod caterpil-lars
Effective insecticides and application methods to
manage these pests with minimal negative impact
on beneficial insects and non-target organisms will
be also be presented.
A New Website to Help Everyone Plant
Pono (10:30-11:00am)
Speaker: Christy Martin

Christy Martin is the Public Information Officer for the
Coordinating Group on Alien Pest Species. She has worked
with the Green Industry since 2002 to promote the use
of non-invasive plants and the use of the Hawaii-Pacific
Weed Risk Assessment.
Presentation: This presentation will walk partici-pants
through the new plantpono.org website. The
website features risk assessments for more than
1300 plants, a forum for asking questions about in-vasive
plants, and planting guidelines for some pono
plant choices.
2012 Oahu Urban Tree Canopy Assessment
(11:00-11:30am)
Speakers: Teresa Truman-Madriaga
AND Wai Lee
Teresa Truman-Madriaga is the Smart Trees Pacific Ex-ecutive
Director, and Wai Lee is Project Manager - she has
spent more than 25 years in Software Application develop-ment
projects and was the technical project coordinator.
Presentation: In 2012, more than 250 sq. miles of
Southern Oahu urban canopy were assessed; Smart
Trees Pacific has made this information available to the
public. By combining various City and State GIS maps,
the study offers many insights into our urban forest.
SESSION 3 (1:00 – 2:00pm)
Reduce, Reuse, Recharge, Regenerate:
Designing Ecological Landscapes for
Water Resource Management
Speaker: Lauren Carter-Roth Venu
Lauren Carter-Roth Venu is the Founder and President of
Roth Ecological Design Int'l, LLC (REDI). She is a leader in
integrated systems planning and ecological design. Lauren
and her REDI team provide consulting, project management,
design/build and operational services for natural systems
technologies for onsite wastewater treatment and Low Im-pact
Development (LID) as well as for sustainable water and
nutrient resource management.
Presentation: Green Infrastructure has been an
emerging method towards the goal of sustain-able
water resource management. As part of this
framework, ecological landscapes are essential as
they emulate ecological services to perform in-frastructure
needs for a development. Examples
include regenerative design methods that mimic
ecological systems in nature to clean and recharge
water such as constructed wetlands for onsite
wastewater treatment and reuse and Low Impact
Development Best Management Practices to re-duce
potable water use and recharge storm-water.
When combined a facilities' landscape elevates to
one that is ecologically appropriate and restorative.
Pesticide Basics
Speaker: Daisuke Inoyama
Daisuke Inoyama is currently working for the Hawaii De-partment
of Agriculture, Pesticides Branch, Education/Cer-tification
Section. He holds a bachelor's degree in Biology
from Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri.
Presentation: This is a basic review course for all
pesticide users. Topics covered include understand-ing
pesticide labels, safe and proper handling/stor-age
of pesticides.
IPM for Fruit Trees in Home Gardens
Speaker: Jayme Grzebik
Jayme Grzebik is Assistant Extension Agent in Urban Hor-ticulture
with the UH College of Agriculture and Human
Resources. His office is located at the UH Urban Garden
Center in Pearl City, where he coordinates educational
outreach programs for the public through the UH Master
Gardener training program on Oahu as well as in a State-wide
capacity.
Presentation: Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
is such an integral part of a backyard garden. This
presentation will feature information on fruit trees
localized to our islands, pest management options
for local fruit trees and the common misconceptions
that are good to be knowledgeable about.
Engineering Better Turfgrass One Blade
at a Time: TifGrand® Bermuda, Zeon and
JaMur Zoysia for Hawaii’s Landscape
Speaker: Bill Carraway
Bill Carraway is Vice President of Marketing for The Turf-grass
Group, Inc. He has over 35 years experience in the
‘Green Industry’. Founded Gwinnett Environmental Services
while attending UGA, began turfgrass career in 1988 with
Southern Turf Nurseries, helped start Select Golf & Turf in
1995 and came to The Turfgrass Group in 2004.

Presentation: An overview of the breeding, selec-tion
process and certification of turf grasses. Excit-ing
new innovations of Zoysiagrass, Zeon, JaMur,
L1F, TifGrand Certified Bermuda, and UGA. In depth
discussion on the development of TifGrand, value
addeds and recent advances.
SESSION 4 (2:05 – 3:00pm)
New Landscape Palms for Oahu
Speaker: Garrett Webb
Garrett Webb has been growing palms in Kona since 1987
as Kalaoa Gardens Nursery. A past President of LICH, Webb
is also a Consulting Arborist specializing in Palms and tree
disorders.
Presentation: There are approximately 20 species
of palms used commercially on Oahu; nurseries
are growing what the architects are specifying and
the architects are specifying what the nurseries are
growing. This presentation will explore viable new
species of palms for commercial use and how these
new palms might be added to the Oahu palm palette.
Establishment Protocols for Pili Grass
on Roadside Areas
Speaker: Dr. Joe DeFrank
Dr. DeFrank has been a Weed Science researcher at UH
Manoa for 29 years. His work includes weed control studies
in turf, ornamentals and native Hawaiian plants used as
roadside ground covers.
Presentation: Pili grass is a drought tolerant na-tive
Hawaiian grass that has potential as a roadside
ground cover. Establishment from seed is possible
with proper site preparation and a 3-step procedure
to enhance on-site seed production and spread.
Edible Landscapes & Urban Farming
Speaker: Fred Lau
Fred Lau is owner of Hawaiian Landscape, Makakilo Nurs-ery
and Maris Gardens
Presentation: Discussion of the significance of ur-ban
farming and sustainability in landscape design
LED Landscape Lighting Workshop
Speaker: Stan Shibata
Stan Shibata is the Founder, President and Director of
Sales of Focus Industries for over 22 years.
Presentation: Advancement of LED technology for use
in exterior and landscape lighting. Features and benefits
of using LED in landscape and hardscape applications.
SESSION 5 (3:05 – 4:00am)
Honey Bees in Hawaii –
History, Hype and Health
Speaker: Jacqueline Robson
Jacqueline Robson has a BSc in Agricultural Studies, MS
Entomology, 6 years working with agricultural and natural
resource management in Hawaii. She's currently Apiary Plan-ner
with the Hawaii Apiary Program
Presentation: Honey bees were brought to Hawaii to
provide essential pollination services, which they still
perform today. The history of honey bees in Hawaii,
their role in the local environment and some tips for
keeping both bees and landscape professionals safe
and healthy will be discussed
Grassy Weed Management in Residential
and Commercial Fine Turf
Speaker: Rey Ito
Rey Ito is the Owner of The Green Doctor of Hawaii
Presentation: An integrated program for manage-ment
of turf sites consisting of mixed grassy weeds
and desirable turf. Optimal utilization of the newer
herbicides for suppression and eventual removal of
grassy weeds.
Water Features for Residential Landscapes
Speaker: Kevin Mulkern
A landscape contractor since 1977, Kevin Mulkern is past
president of the Hawaii Landscape & Irrigation Contrac-tor’s
Assoc. and the Professional Grounds Management
Society – Hawaii Branch. His firm specializes in residential
design/build projects that include landscape restoration and
water features.
Presentation: Installing water features using 45
ml EPDM liners and restoring older cement style
ponds. The importance of aquatic plants for pond
filtration.

7:00 – 8:00 AM Registration
8:00 – 8:10 Welcome by LICH President, Chris Dacus
8:15 – 9:00am PLENARY SPEAKER
Landscaping with Natives in Hawai‘i: The Past, Present and Future
Speaker: Kāwika Winter, Director, Limahuli Garden And Preserve
SESSION 1 9:05 – 10:00am
Arborist Something Old, Something New (9:05-9:30am)
Room 1 By Richard Criley, Emeritus Professor in Horticulture and Alberto Ricordi, Doctorate
student in Architecture, M.S. in Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences.
Alternative Trees Project (9:30 – 10:00am)
By John Montoya, TPSS M.S. PhD student, Richard Criley, Emeritus Professor
in Horticulture, and Alberto Ricordi, Doctorate student in Architecture
Pesticide By Walter Nagamine , Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Biological Control Section
Room 2 Part 1: Natural Enemies of Insect Plant Pests
Part 2: New and Common Insects of Landscape Plants in Hawaii
By Walter Nagamine, Biological Control Section, Hawaii Department of Agriculture
Sustainability Edible Landscaping and Decadance
Room 3 by Brian Lievens
Arborist Safety Enforcement Under The New Osha And Hiosh Operational
Room 4 Agreement
By Raj Sundram, OSHA Compliance Officer for U.S. Department of Labor and
Galen Lemke, Director for the Honolulu Area Federal OSHA Office
10:00 – 10:30 TRADE SHOW OPENS (until 5:30pm)
Enter To Win The Grand Prize And Other Drawings!! 2 Nights At The Moana Surfrider Hotel
Plus $100 Dinning Credit In Waikiki – $1100 Value Compliments Of Kyo-Ya Hotels & Resorts
SESSION 2 10:30 – 11:30am
Arborist Understanding and Managing Soils for a Healthy Landscape
Room 1 By Jonathan Deenik, Associate Specialist, Soil Fertility, Department of Tropical Plant
and Soil Sciences
Pesticide Newer, Safer Insecticides for Use in the Landscape
Room 2 By Arnold Hara, Entomologist and Extension Specialist, Department of Plant and
Environmental Protection Sciences at UH-CTAHR
Sustainability A New Website to Help Everyone Plant Pono (10:30-11:00AM)
Room 3 By Christy Martin, Public Information Officer for Coordinating Group on Alien Species
2012 Oahu Urban Tree Canopy Assessment (11:00-11:30AM)
By Teresa Truman-Madriaga, Smart Trees Pacific Executive Director and Wai Lee,
Project Manager
11:30 – 1:00 Complimentary Lunch
Schedule

SESSION 3 1:00 – 2:00pm
Arborist Reduce, Reuse, Recharge, Regenerate: Designing Ecological
Room 1 Landscapes for Water Resources Management
By Lauren Carter-Roth Venu, President, Roth Ecological Design Int’l
Pesticide Pesticide Basics
Room 2 By Daisuke Inoyama, Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Pesticides Branch,
Education/Certification Section
Sustainability IPM for Fruit Trees in Home Gardens
Room 3 By Jayme Grzebik, Assistant Extension Agent in Urban Horticulture, UH CTAHR
Vendor Engineering Better Turfgrass One Blade at a Time: TifGrand®
Room 4 Bermuda and JaMur Zoysia for Hawaii Landscapes
By Bill Carraway, Vice President of Marketing, The Turfgrass Group
SESSION 4 2:05 – 3:00pm
Arborist New Landscape Palms for Oahu
Room 1 By Garrett Webb, Consulting Arborist
Pesticide Establishment Protocols for Pili Grass on Roadside Areas
Room 2 By Dr. Joe DeFrank, Weed Science Researcher, UH Manoa
Sustainability Edible Landscapes& Urban Farming
Room 3 By Fred Lau, Owner of Hawaiian Landscape, Makakilo Nursery and Maris Gardens
Vendor LED Landscaping Workshop
Room 4 By Stan Shibata, Director of Sales, Focus Industries
SESSION 5 3:05 – 4:00pm
Arborist Honey Bees in Hawaii – History, Hype and Health
Room 1 By Jacqueline Robson, Apiary Planner, Hawaii Apiary Program
Pesticide Grassy Weed Management in Residential and Commercial Fine Turf
Room 2 By Rey Ito, Owner, The Green Doctor of Hawaii
Water Features Water Features for Residential Landscapes
Room 3 By Kevin J. Mulkern, Owner, Mulkern Landscaping and Nursery
4:00 – 5:30 TRADE SHOW OPEN UNTIL 5:30PM
Win 2-Nights at the Moana Surfrider plus $100 dining credit in Waikiki and Other
Door Prize Drawings at 5:00PM!!

TRADE SHOW VENDORS
(as of print date)
Crop Production Services
Focus Industries
Farm Credit Services of Hawaii
Geobunga
Grimes Horticulture
Hawaii Export Nursery Association
Hawaii Landscape & Irrigation Contractors Association
Hawaiian Sunshine Nursery
Hawaiian Turfgrass
HISCO Hawaiian Island Supply Co
Kona Irrigation
Kyo-ya Hotels & Resorts
Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii
Lloyd & Associates
Maruyama
Netafim USA
Oahu Nursery Growers Association
(ONGA)
Pacific Pipe
Rain Bird Corporation
Steve Nimz & Associates
L I C H G R E E N
INDUSTRY
Conference and Trade Show
Blaisdell Exhibition Hall
Thursday, Octo ber 25, 2012 • 7:00AM – 5:30PM
Contact:
Madeleine Shaw at 946-7055
or Jay Deputy at 779-4735
for tradeshow booths.

O
B
Registration and Fees
Online registration and membership www.lich2012.eventbrite.com
CTOBER 25, 2012 CONFERENCE
2012 Active LICH Members will receive a discount. Provide your membership number below.
Forgot your number? Go to www.landscapehawaii.org. $100 member/$115 non-member
$ Amount
Name________________________________________________________ Member #_____________________ ______________
Name________________________________________________________ Member #_____________________ ______________
Name________________________________________________________ Member #_____________________ ______________
ECOME A LICH MEMBER TODAY!
Consider the benefits of LICH:
• Free subscription to Landscape Hawaii, The Official Green Publication should be "($30 value)
• Member rate for any Certified Landscape Technician Test
• Discount on registration fees for the annual LICH Conference & Tradeshow
• 15% LICH sponsored workshop or training class (including CLT training!)
• Local representation in the affairs of the landscape industry
• LICH window detail and membership card
• Membership listing on the LICH website www.landscapehawaii.org
u New or Renewal Individual Membership $30 per year
u Company Membership (includes 1 individual) $30 per year
u Additional Employee Membership $15 per year
$ Amount
Name_________________________________________________________________ Circle: new or renew ______________
Total Enclosed: ______________
Company Name_ ____________________________________
Address_____________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Phone_ ____________________ Fax_____________________
Email_______________________________________________
Website_____________________________________________
For more information contact Madeleine Shaw at 946-7055 or
visit our website at www.landscapehawaii.org.
Check payable to LICH and mail to:
P.O. Box 22938, Honolulu, HI 96823-2938
By credit card (VISA or Master Card only):
Name on card_ ___________________________________
Card number_____________________________________
Expiration date___________________________________
This information will be kept strictly private and shredded upon
clearance.

INSIDE
Formed in June 1986, the Landscape
Industry Council of Hawai’i is a state
wide alliance representing Hawaii's
landscape associations: Aloha Arbor-ist
Association, American Society of
Landscape Architects Hawaii Chapter,
Hawaii Association of Nurserymen,
Hawaii Island Landscape Association,
Hawaii Landscape and Irrigation Con-tractors,
Hawaii Society of Urban For-estry
Professionals, Kauai Landscape
Industry Council, Maui Association
of Landscape Professionals, Profes-sional
Grounds Management Society,
Big Island Association of Nurserymen,
and the Hawaii Professional Gardeners
Association.
Landscape Industry Council
of Hawai‘i
P. O. Box 22938
www.landscapehawaii.org
Editor
Christopher A. Dacus
Chris.Dacus@gmail.com
Advertising Sales
Jay Deputy
jaydeputy@gmail.com
Membership
Cheryl M. Dacus
Cheryldacus@yahoo.com
Web Master
Cory Blumerick
coryblumerick@gmail.com
Designer
Darrell Ishida
Cover Photo
Photo by Michael O’Hara
Mahalo to Landscape Industry
Council of Hawai‘i Sponsors
look
INSIDE
Ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s
DEPARTMENTS
13 PRESIDENT’S MEMO
14 LICH NEWS
20 FEATURED PALMS
21 FEATURED PEST
26 NATIVE PLANTS
28 TOOL TIPS
FEATURES
17 PALMS Workshop
18 HILA ANNOUNCES CONFERENCE
22 Pesticide Label
COVER STORIES
3 LICH Conference
16 CLT Certification Exam
19 New Loulu Book
12 LANDSCAPE HAWAII OCTOBER | NOVEMBER 2012
26
21

MEMO
president’s
MEMO
b y C h r i s D a c u s
The 10th Annual LICH Green Industry Con-ference
& Trade Show is being held on Octo-ber
25, 2012 at the Blaisdell Exhibition Hall.
The format is a packed one-day conference
with four concurrent presentations in five
sessions, covering a wide variety of interest-ing
topics. It’s also a great way to earn valu-able
CEUs for Certified Landscape Techni-cians,
HDOA Pest Applicators, ISA Certified
Arborists, and Golf Course Superintendents.
The trade-show is free again. Stop by any-time
between 10:00 am to 5:30pm and check
out the latest machines, tools, and products.
photo: Shaun Tokunaga
It’s a great opportunity to network and talk story with local and national
sales representatives.
This year, we’re giving away great prizes including a 2-night stay at the
Moana Surfrider Hotel, plus $100 dining credit. The grand prize is worth
$1100, compliments of Kyo-ya Hotels & Resorts. The drawing is at 5:00pm.
Mahalo to all the speakers for volunteering their time and sharing their
expertise with everyone, and for the conference supporters….we appreciate
your support!
Gold sponsor - HISCO
Silver sponsors - Rain Bird, Hawaiian Turfgrass and Kyo-ya Hotels
& Resorts.
Lastly, this event would not be possible without the volunteers on our plan-ning
committee who worked tirelessly to make this event a reality. A big
shout out to Steve Nimz, Jay Deputy, Madeleine Shaw, and Brandon Au!
Register today at www.lich2012.eventbrite.com. See you at the conference :)
Aloha,
Chris Dacus
LICH President
2012 Board of Directors
Chris Dacus, President Boyd Ready, Vice President
Matt Lyum, Treasurer Rick Quinn, Secretary
Brandon Au Christy Martin
Rick Barboza Christopher McCullough
Jay Deputy Lelan Nishek
Carl Evensen Karen Ostborg
Jennifer Lucien Josh Sand
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 13

NEWS
NEWS LICH
What s Hap p e n i n g
14 LANDSCAPE HAWAII OCTOBER | NOVEMBER 2012 Gallo named new
CTAHR dean at UH
Maria Gallo will lead the Col-lege
of Tropical Agriculture
and Human Resources at
the University of Hawai‘i at
Mānoa as its new dean effective July 16,
2012. Her appointment is for three years.
Gallo is currently professor and chair of
the agronomy department at the Univer-sity
of Florida in Gainesville.
“We were blessed and grateful to have
received a very high caliber of candidates
for this tremendously important position,”
said UH Mānoa Chancellor Virginia Hin-shaw.
“Dr. Gallo’s exemplary background
and experience in academic leadership and
in promoting and sustaining programs
within higher education make her the
best match to take the College of Tropical
Agriculture and Human Resources to the
next level.”
The formal search process for the
CTAHR dean position was initiated in
September 2011. Sylvia Yuen has served as
interim dean for the past two years.
“I also want to thank Sylvia Yuen for her
impressive contributions as interim dean
since 2010,” said Hinshaw.
In Florida, Gallo leads a research
program aimed at improving the perfor-mance
and quality of tropical energy and
agronomic crops. She is the founder of the
world’s pioneering programs for sugar-cane
biotechnology. The enhancement
Maria Gallo
of sugarcane as
a bioenergy crop
is currently the
main thrust of her
multi-disciplinary
research team.
In addition to
being author of
numerous publi-cations,
Gallo is
immediate past
president of the
Crop Science
Society of America and the American
Peanut Research and Education Society.
Both are prestigious societies in the field
of agriculture.
Gallo is also the co-founder and co-director
of the University of Florida’s Sci-entific
Thinking and Educational Partner-ship
Program, whose main objective is to
establish a nexus for life science research-ers
and social scientists. The program
catalyzes and provides logistical support
for the development of quality education
and outreach components of grant pro-posals,
enhancing faculty competitiveness
in obtaining extramural funding.
She obtained her bachelor’s degree in
agronomy from Cornell University, and
her master’s degree in crop science and
PhD in genetics from North Carolina State
University.
Calendar of Events
LandscapeHawaii.org (Check website for details)
October 6-7
Hawaii Tree Climbing
Competition
Moanalua Gardens, O‘ahu
October 13
ISA Certified Arborist
& Tree Worker Exam
Dept of Urban Forestry,
O‘ahu
October 20
Plants for the Tropical
Xeriscape Part I
Hoomaluhia Botanical
Garden, O‘ahu
October 25
LICH Conference
& Trade Show
Blaisdell Exhibition Hall,
O‘ahu
October 27
Plants for the Tropical
Xeriscape Part II
Hoomaluhia Botanical
Garden, O‘ahu
November 2
Arbor Day Plant Giveaway
Statewide
November 10
Ohia Lehua Tour
Dennis Kim’s Nursery
O‘ahu
Photo: Forest & Kim Starr

New Hire in School
of Architecture
Judith Stilgenbauer
A New
Baby Has
Arrived
Judith Stilgenbauer was recently
hired as an associate professor at the
UH School of Architecture. She is the
school’s first tenure track landscape
architect. She will play a key role in
developing a graduate program in land-scape
architecture. Judith’s architectural
education includes degrees in landscape
architecture from the Technische Uni-versitat
Munchen and the University of
California at Berkeley. She is responsible
for one of Taiwan’s newest public parks,
the 228 National Memorial Park. Stilgen-bauer’s
courses include advanced studio
and urban design.
Nov.2 Tree
Giveaway
Congratulations to Thomas and Tina
Aceves for welcoming a new baby.
Thomasine Celeste James Aceves was
born on August 16, 2012 at 12:50pm - a
healthy 6 pounds and 3.3 ounces and
19th inches long. May the newborn
baby bring loads of joy, love and smiles
to everyone. Congratulations to the
Aceves family!
Arbor Day Celebrations Highlight
Native Trees Arbor Day giveaways on
November 2nd will feature a variety of
endemic, endangered, and Polynesian-introduced
trees and shrubs including
ālula, hala pepe, ko‘oloa‘ula, maile, and
munroidendron. Popular fruit trees,
flowering shrubs, and palms also will
be distributed at many of the Arbor
Day events. Approximately 7,000 trees
and shrubs will be given away. Certi-fied
arborists, landscapers, and master
gardeners will provide their expertise to
answer attendees’ questions. Utility rep-resentatives
will offer advice on water
conservation, tree planting, and proper
site selection. For details on Arbor Day
events taking place across the state and
the plants to be given away, go to:
www.ArborDayHawaii.org
Upcoming Issues:
JAN/FEB 2013
Theme: Arboriculture
& Palms
Story Deadline:
December 7th
Tell a great story!
Email the editor at
chris.dacus@gmail.com.
MAR/APR
Theme: Turf Grass
& Legislature
Story Deadline:
February 8th
MAY/JUNE
Theme: Edible
Landscaping
Story Deadline:
April 19th
03-10-09/0000229489
3009 PMP-PENARO Proofed By: jmahoney
KOOLAU SEEDS & SUPPLY R 2.00 X 2.00
Susan Owen
Manager
Contact
(808) 239-1280 Office
(808) 239-2151 Fax
E-mail
owens001@hawaii.rr.com
48-373 G Kamehameha Hwy
Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744
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LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY TODAY
Inquire with Jay Deputy at
jaydeputy@gmail.com

Congratulations to 64 candidates for completing the Oahu Landscape Certification Exam
Oahu Landscape Certification
Exam is Great Success By Jay Deputy
ixty four candidates
participated in writ-ten
and hands-on field
problems in Turf Main-tenance,
Ornamental
Maintenance and Irriga-tion
at the 2012 Oahu Landscape Indus-try
Certification Exam, held at the UH
Waimanalo Experiment Farm on August
25. This is one of the largest groups ever
tested in Hawaii since the program began
in 1999.
The all day affair was coordinated by
Island Chairs Mike Johnson, CLT, of
Landscape Hawaii, and Brandon Au,
CLT, of Honolulu Parks and Recreation,
who were responsible for directing the
set up of the physical aspects of the tests
and supervising the 30 judges that were
required to evaluate the performance of
each candidate.
The participation of the many LICH
sponsors was once again essential in put-ting
together a successful test. Among the
high lights were all the food provided for
100 hungry landscapers. A BBQ lunch was
prepared on site by Leonard Smith and the
guys from Hawthorne Cat Rental; plenty
of snacks, water & soda was donated by
Marge Chikamoto at Pacific Agricultural;
and the judges lunch on Friday set-up
donated by Rob Dunford at Crop Pruduc-tion
Services. Randy Liu, CLT arranged for
a $100 dining credit, compliments of Star-wood
Hotels as part of the prizes for the
drawing held at the Friday judges meeting.
Major sponsors provided other dona-tions
including equipment and materials
used for the test, were B. Hayman Co,
Ltd, Diamond Head Sprinkler Supply,
HiSCO, Hawaiian Rent All, Fred Lau
Hawaiian Landscape, Kona Irrigation,
Landscape Hawaii, Inc, Pacific Pipe Co.,
Koba’s Nursery, Southern Turf Interna-tional,
Alii Turf, and UH/CTAHR.
Nineteen candidates successfully com-pleted
all requirements needed for cer-tification
at the Oahu exam. In addition
five more candidates from the Big Island
recently completed all requirements in a
re-take exam in Kona. All are listed below.
Oahu CLTs in Turf Maintenance
Allan Lum, Hawaii Job Corps
Charles Winder, National Cemetery of
the Pacific
David Ohai, Landscape Hawaii, Inc.
Keola Gomes, Ola’s Landscaping Services
Ronnie Agustin, The Hawaii National
Landscape Inc
Molia Salanoa, BYU Grounds
Oahu CLTs in Ornamental
Maintenance
Anthony Akau, Sheraton Hotel
Erwin Amigo, Kyo-Ya Hotels
Tia Gomes, Malama Landscape Mainte-nance
Aaron J.K. Agsalda, Royal Palm Construc-tion
& Landscape
Reynald Agni, Hawa-E Lawn & Sprinklers
Siosi Tuavao, Loves Landscaping
Big Island CLTs in Ornamental
Maintenance
Tracy Armilli, self-employed, Kamuela
Roland Bredlau, Self employed Big Island
Jennifer McDaniel, Olena Gardening
Ken Puleo,Hualalai Resort
Ken Sugai, Keauhou Nursery
Oahu CLTs in Irrigation
Keola Gomes, Ola’s Landscape Services
Jeffrey Baguio-Lameg, Paradise Land-scape
Maintenance, Inc.
Reynald Agni, Hawa-E Lawn & Sprinklers
Dennis Reymundo, The Hawaii National
Landscape Inc
Calvin Kalilimoko, Hawaii Job Corps
Quinton Nilo, Nilo Landscape Co
Ellison Agustin, The Hawaii National
Landscape Inc.
Jay Deputy is the state administrator
for the Certified Landscape Technician
program and a member of the LICH Board
of Directors.
Photo: Michael O’Hara

ABOVE: Frank Rinn drills a fungus infested coconut palm trunk with a
Resistograph while Steve Nimz checks for the bit emerging from the other
side of the trunk. RIGHT: Darcy Oishi points out mite damage on coconut fruits.
Palms workshop
well-received
By CAROL KWAN
he Palms workshop
hosted by the Aloha
Arborist Association (AAA)
and Western Chapter Interna-tional
Society of Arboriculture
(WCISA) on Wednesday, August
29, 2012, in Honolulu was well-received
with over 100 people in attendance.
Don Hodel of the University of Califor-nia
Davis, a recognized a world expert
on palms, was very informative in his
presentations on Pritchardias – Hawaii’s
native palms, abiotic disorders of palms,
and California’s experience with the Red
Palm Weevil. The workshop also cov-ered
Oahu’s Native Plant Initiative by
Chris Dacus, palm pests and pest alerts
by Darcy Oishi, and new palms that are
available for use in Hawaii’s landscapes
by Garrett Webb.
In addition to the scheduled speakers,
Frank Rinn of Germany, the inventor
of the Resistograph, and Steve Nimz
manned one of the field practice stations
and gave a demonstration of resistograph
testing of coconut palms, showing the
difference in results between a normal
healthy trunk and a fungus infested one.
Carol Kwan is the President of Carol
Kwan Consulting, a Certified Arborist, and
the Secretary of Aloha Arborist Association.

HILA Announces Conference
and Trade Show on Nov. 17
By Christopher McCullough
EKO Compost is made in Hawaii. It’s an integral part of the
islands’ ecosystem. It’s also one of the Founding Members of the
U.S. Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program.
You can find EKO Compost at :
Maui EKO’s Plant
Central Maui Landfill - Pulehu Rd. Puunene
808-572-8844
Hawaii Grower Products
Maui , Lanai & Molokai: 808-877-6636
Big Island: 808-326-7555
Pacific Agricultural Sales & Service
Oahu & Kauai: 808-682-5113
M a de
O n
M a u i
COMPO STIN G
USC O U N C I L
Seal of Testing Assurance rubens.mauieko@gmail.com
Puunene, Maui
he Hawaii Island Landscape
Association is pleased to
announce that it will hold its
annual Landscape Education
Conference and Trade show at
the Hapuna Beach Prince Hotel Confer-ence
Center on Saturday, November 17th.
This popular conference provides a
forum for the leaders of the Landscape
Industry to share their knowledge and
experiences with Landscapers, Golf Course
and Turf Specialists, and Arborists on the
Big Island. The aim of the conference is to
provide industry members with practical
information and solutions that can be ap-plied
immediately in their day to day opera-tion
to help them produce a better product.
Topics and speakers for this year’s con-ference
include:
Tree safety for landscapers:
Steve Conley
Soil – The basis for plant health:
Jonathan Deenik
Weed control & web based
resources: Joe Defrank
Native plants - Big Island
species: Rick Barboza
Water quality and its effects
on turf & plants: Steve Nair
Emerging new pests issues on the
Big Island: Dr. Arnold Hara
Irrigation management:
Alan Schildkenct
Hapuna Beach Prince Hotel will
again host the function and serve a
morning continental breakfast and buf-fet
lunch.
Big Island horticulture product
vendors will be present at the confer-ence
trade show, displaying the latest in
products available to assist landscapers.
A new component of the trade show will
be Big Island nurseries displaying plant
products and meeting members.
CEU credits will be available for Certi-fied
Arborists, Restricted Use Pesticide
Applicators and Certified Landscape
Technicians.
In other HILA news, the Vic Paulson
Education Scholarships was given to two
deserving and qualified Hawaii students
who are pursuing college degrees in the
field of horticulture, agriculture or a
related curriculum.
This year’s two $500 scholarship awards
are to be given to Shaye Lynn Baldos and
James Marlin.
Christopher McCullough is the Head
Horticulturist for DFI Resources, LLC and is
a member of the HILA and LICH Board.

UNIVERSITY of HAWAI‘I PRESS forthcoming
LOULU: Th e Hawaiian Palm
DONALD R. HODEL
The only native palms in Hawai‘i, loulu are among the Islands’ most
distinctive plants. Several of the 24 recognized species are rare and endan-gered
and all make handsome and appropriate ornamentals to adorn gar-dens
and landscapes with their dramatic foliage, colorful fl ower clusters,
and conspicuous fruits. In this volume, Donald Hodel shares his expertise
on loulu, having traveled extensively throughout Hawai‘i to research and
photograph nearly all the species in their native habitat. In the course of
his work, he described and named three loulu that were new to science.
Each of the 24 species is treated in detail and this book is handsomely il-lustrated
with more than 250 color photographs that clearly show leaves,
fl ower stalks, fruits, and habitat. Chapters on loulu history, botany, ecology,
conservation, uses, and propagation and culture provide essential back-ground
information for readers, whatever their level of interest or exper-tise.
In the appendices, they will fi nd a concise summary of loulu, lists of
species by island, and an illustrated compendium of exotic, naturalized
palms of Hawai‘i and relatives of loulu found throughout the South Pacifi c.
As interest in growing and conserving native Hawaiian plants surges while
their numbers and habitat continue to decline, Loulu: Th e Hawaiian Palm
will be valued as one of the most comprehensive and thoroughly illustrated
treatments of these exceptional plants.
Donald R. Hodel, a graduate of the University of Hawai‘i, is the environ-mental
and landscape horticulture advisor for the University of California
Cooperative Extension in Los Angeles.
Special 20% discount good until October 31, 2012*
SHIPPING & HANDLING: Website orders will be charged shipping fees calcu-lated
online. Otherwise, for U.S. surface: add $5 for the fi rst book, $1 for each
additional. Allow 2–6 weeks for delivery. U.S. priority mail: $7 for the fi rst book,
$4 each additional; allow 7-10 days. Canada & Mexico: $10 for fi rst book, $7 each
additional. (Canada: Add 5% GST.) Other countries: $10 per book. Allow up to 4
weeks. Payment must be made in U.S. funds.
CHECK VISA MASTERCARD
ACCOUNT NUMBER EXPIRES
SIGNATURE
TOTAL AMOUNT WITH SHIPPING
September 2012
est. 216 pages
255 color illus., 37 maps
ISBN 978-0-8248-3567-5
Hardcover, $48.00
(See special off er below)
ORDER FORM
Please send ____ copy(ies) of Hodel/LOULU: THE HAWAIIAN PALM
(978-0-8248-3567-5) at $38.40 each (reg. $48.00), to:
CITY/STATE ZIP/POSTAL CODE COUNTRY
DAYTIME PHONE EMAIL
* MUST USE THIS FORM OR REFERENCE CODE: HCC12
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I PRESS You may also order by calling by faxing by email or via our Website
Order Department 1-808-956-8255 or toll free: 1-808-988-6052 or toll free: uhpbooks@hawaii.edu
2840 Kolowalu Street 1-888-UHPRESS (847-7377) 1-800-650-7811 www.uhpress.hawaii.edu
Honolulu, HI 96822-1888 USA (Toll free in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico only) Thank you for your order!
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Pritchardia sp. (loulu)
Photo: Forest & Kim Starr
New Book
Available
By Palm
Expert
NAME
ADDRESS
By CAROL KWAN
niversity of Hawai‘i
Press is accepting pre-orders
for Don Hodels
new book, Loulu: The
Hawaiian Palm. The
book is scheduled to be
available in September 2012 with a list
price of $48 each plus shipping. If you
order by October 31, 2012, you can get
a 20% discount by ordering online at
www.uhpress.hawaii.edu and using
reference code HCC12.

VE
PALM featured
by Garrett Webb
ARECA 20 LANDSCAPE HAWAII OCTOBER | NOVEMBER 2012 New Palms for the Hawaiian
Landscape
Areca vestiaria
Areca vestiaria Red Form
o other plant evokes
the beauty and allure
of the tropics more
than a palm tree. The
Coconut Palm is the
quintessential image of
island life and yet it is only one of close
to 3,000 species (and 280 or so genera) of
palms found worldwide. In Hawaii, where
we have an almost
unlimited choice
in palms we could
grow, most of
our commercial
and residential
landscapes consist
of selections from
a limited list of a
dozen or so members of the Palm Family
(Order: Principes; Family: Palmae). These
articles will present information about
Palms you may or may not be familiar
with.
Cultural requirements and other com-ments:
A beautiful clumping or solitary
palm notable for its reddish-orange
crownshafts, it can be very eye-catching
in the landscape. A. vestiaria grows well
in partial shade, with adequate moisture,
and rich, slightly acidic soils and can also
be successfully trained to full sun. There
are two varieties of Sunset Palms; the A.
vestiaria 'Green' and A. vestiaria 'Red'. The
red form has deep red emerging leaves
and a reddish orange crownshaft and
needs a little more sun protection than
the green form which has orange crown-shafts
and greener leaves. Both forms can
be either multi-stemmed or, less often,
single-stemmed. Bright red fruits, yellow
flowers and dramatic stilt roots add to the
allure of the Sunset Palm.
Areca vestiaria, are fast to produce and
establish quickly in the landscape. The
pinnate leaves of the red form have wide
leaf sections. These colorful palms are
very suited for the residential landscape
with their manageable size and minimum
pruning requirements; they are self-cleaning
and shed their leaves slowly.
Garrett Webb is a nurseryman growing
palms in Kona.
Areca vestiaria
Common Name: Sunset
Palm
Height: up to 20-25 feet
Size of crown: clumping
Width: 15 feet

INVASIVE
PEST featured
by Carol Kwan
Every person counts in the
WAR
on pests
hings have changed economi-cally
over the last five years
– and in the war on invasive
species, not for the better, at
least in terms of the State’s
capacity to prevent and respond to new
pests. “We’ve lost a large percentage of
our budget and several positions, includ-ing
the survey entomologist who used to
go around checking for new pests. That
means we need the landscape industry’s
help now more than ever,” said Darcy Oi-shi,
Biological Control Section Chief for
the Hawaii State Department of Agricul-ture
(HDOA) Plant Pest Control Branch.
There are thousands of landscape
professionals out in the field across our
state every day, many of who are familiar
with common pests of ornamental plants.
So when you see something different
that you don’t recognize, what do you
do? Call 643-PEST (from any island) or go
to www.reportapest.org. At the website,
you can submit photos of the pest and
the damage it causes. When you call 643-
PEST, you may be asked to bring a sample
of the damage and pest to HDOA. Zip
top bags work well for this, so keep a box
in your vehicle, just in case.
Most of the time when HDOA receives
a pest report or a sample, it identifies
the pest and lets the reporter know what
it is. This helps the person reporting it
figure out how to effectively treat the
infestation. If HDOA does not recog-nize
the pest, that’s when things really
get exciting. Just ask Certified Arborist
Dudley Hulbert, who recently discovered
new pest damage on a Chinese banyan.
“I was doing some work at the East-West
Center at University of Hawaii along
with Jack Morgan from Ultimate Innova-tions,”
reports Dudley. “There was
I WANT YOU
this Chinese banyan there
that looked awful. It was
really struggling. When I
got up into the tree, I could
see galls on the young stems.
We’ve had galls on leaves for a
long time now, but I’d never seen
this type of damage before so I took
a sample over to HDOA. It turns
out it’s a new pest in Hawaii.”
When a previously unknown
pest is brought into HDOA, the
Plant Pest Control Branch works
to identify the species, including
contacting experts from all over
the globe for help. Sometimes
the species has never been
identified before. That’s
what happened when the
Chinese banyan leaf gall wasp
was first found. It turned out
to be a previously unde-scribed
species that needed
a new scientific name. The
identification process can
take quite a bit of time,
particularly when something
like that happens.
So why is it so important
to report a pest when
you first see it? Because
that gives HDOA and its
partner agencies a chance
TO REPO R T A PEST!
See Pest on page 30

HERBICIDES
(recertification)
RECERTIFICATION CREDITS may be earned by certified appli-cators
that score at least 70% on the set of comprehension evalu-ation
questions about the "recertification" articles in this newslet-ter.
These articles have a title which ends with "(recertification)".
However, credits may not necessarily be applicable for the follow-ing
categories: Private 2, Private 3, Commercial 7f, and Commer-cial
KEY TO
11. The question sets (quizzes) are written and administered by
the Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) staff. Ask about
earning recertification credits at one of these HDOA offices area
code (808): Kauai 274-3069, Oahu 973-9409, Maui, Lanai and
Molokai (call Hilo, toll free) 984-2400 ext. 44142 followed by #,
Hawaii 974-4143.
n herbicide is a pesticide
that kills unwanted
plants. Herbicides are
an essential com-ponent
of modern
agriculture. They
make possible the fast, efficient, more
economic production of high-quality
food and fiber needed by a world with a
population topping seven billion inhabit-ants.
Many people, however, are against
the use of herbicides because of their
potential harm to humans and the envi-ronment.
Some are against all pesticides
because they are synthetic (man-made),
or for other reasons.
Pesticides are regulated by their active
ingredients and it is these that are usually
tested for possible harmful effects. On
the other hand, pesticides are typically
a mixture of active and inert ingredients.
The latter may be added to improve the
efficacy of the pesticide (Example: sur-factants
added to a glyphosate product),
or they may be unwanted byproducts of
the manufacturing process (Example:
dioxins in some phenoxy herbicides).
Of all the commonly used pesticides,
herbicides can have a disproportionate
effect on the environment. This is partly
due to their composition and the direct
application of some formulations to the
soil. Herbicides are also the most used
pesticide, accounting for almost 75% of
all agricultural pesticide use in the U.S.
This article looks at how herbicides are
By CHARLES NAGAMINE
The
Pesticide
Label
PESTICIDE SAFETY
AND EDUCATION

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 23
classified and then briefly describes sev-eral
modern herbicides and some of the
benefits and risks surrounding their use.
Classification of herbicides
Herbicides can be classified by the
plants they target, their activity and their
common use. Modes of action, chemical
family, active ingredient, toxicity, cost,
etc. are other methods of classification.
Target plants
Selective, or narrow spectrum herbi-cides
kill or stunt either broadleaf plants
or grasses, but not both if applied cor-rectly.
Non-selective, or broad-spectrum
herbicides kill or inhibit both broadleaf
plants and grasses. This is not a rigid
distinction, however, and non-selective
herbicides can act selectively under
certain conditions. Further, a selective
herbicide can become harmful to plants
(phytotoxic) in general if the dosage is
too high, the chemical formulation is
inappropriate, the environment unfavor-able,
or if the plant is in a sensitive stage
of growth. [Note: herbicides vary in their
ability to control sedges, so we only refer
to broadleaf plants and grasses.]
Activity
Contact herbicides only damage
the parts of a plant they touch. These
fast-acting chemicals are most effective
on annual vegetation and less effective
on plants that can regrow from roots,
rhizomes or tubers. Translocated, or
systemic herbicides enter a plant either
through its above- or belowground
structures and move throughout the
plant. Systemic herbicides are most ef-fective
against perennial plants, do not
demand a thorough coverage and, once
they are absorbed, do not need to be
reapplied following rainfall or overhead
irrigation.
Application method
Foliar applications are usually sprays
applied to the leaves of the target plant.
Soil applications are taken up by the
roots or the seed leaves of the plant.
Herbicides can also be classified by
when they are applied:
Timing of application
▪ Pre-plant herbicides are incorpo-rated
into the soil before planting. This
helps prevent their premature release by
volatilization, their decomposition by
light, or both.
▪ Pre-emergence herbicides are ap-plied
before weeds emerge from the
soil; sometimes it means before the crop
emerges from the soil.
▪ Post-emergence herbicides are ap-plied
after the weeds have emerged from
the soil; sometimes it means after the
crop has emerged from the soil.
Mode of action
The way a chemical acts to kill or in-hibit
a plant, its mode of action (MOA),
is classified by the first enzyme, protein,
or biochemical mechanism it interferes
with.
▪ Synthetic auxins are used against
broadleaf plants and were one of the
first organic (carbon-containing) herbi-cides.
Like the naturally occurring plant
growth regulator auxin, they act at sev-eral
points on the plant cell membrane,
causing fast, uncontrolled plant growth
and death. Example: Bandini Pro Choice
Weed and Feed® (active ingredient (a.i.)
2,4-D)
▪ Photosystem II inhibitors interfere
with electron flow during photosynthe-sis,
causing cell death due to excessive
oxidation reactions. Example: Liberty
ATZ Herbicide® (a.i. atrazine).
▪ Electron transfer inhibitors, such as
the quaternary ammonium herbicides,
create an excess of reactive oxygen spe-cies
that damage cell structures. They
are broad-spectrum, contact herbicides.
Example: Gramoxone® (a.i. paraquat)
▪ EPSPS inhibitors are broad-spectrum
herbicides. They block the synthesis
of three amino acids—tryptophan,
phenylalanine and tyrosine—by block-ing
the enzyme enolpyruvylshikimate
3-phospate synthase (EPSPS). Example:
Roundup®, Clearout 41® (a.i. glyphosate).
▪ ACCase inhibitors hinder Acetyl
Many are against the use of her-bicides
for their potential harm
to people and the environment.

coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) in
the early phase of lipid synthesis. This
affects cell membrane production in the
meristems of grasses, but not broadleaf
plants. Example: Assure II® (a.i. quizalo-fop-
p [propanoic acid]).
▪ ALS inhibitors inhibit acetolactate
synthase (ALS), the first step in synthe-sizing
the amino acids valine, leucine,
and isoleucing. The target plants, either
monocot or dicot, slowly starve and
DNA synthesis is inhibited. This meta-bolic
pathway is only found in plants,
making it one of the safest groups of her-bicides
for use around humans. Example:
Arsenal® (a.i. imazapyr).
Profile of selected MOA
herbicides
This section provides general informa-tion
on herbicides in the MOA categories
listed above. Herbicides within the same
category, however, may have different
properties that affect their uses, tox-icities
and potential for environmental
harm. Designation as a restricted use
pesticide (pesticide applicator license re-quired
to purchase) is determined by US
EPA. Further, the Hawaii Department of
Agriculture evaluates other (unclassified)
pesticides that distributors wish to sell in
Hawaii and designates some of them for
restricted use within the State of Hawaii.
▪ Synthetic auxins: 2,4-D (2,4-di-chlorophenoxyacetic
acid), a phenoxy
herbicide, or synthetic auxin, was intro-duced
during the 1940s by the Sherwin-
Williams Paint Co. It is a translocated,
selective, post-emergence herbicide that
kills broadleaf plants but not grasses at
recommended doses. It is still one of the
most common herbicides in use today
due to its effectiveness and easy, inex-pensive
production. It is not considered
a restricted use pesticide in Hawaii. The
manufacture of PVC, phenoxy herbicides
and the bleaching of paper can produce
compounds called dioxins; they are also
produced by volcanoes and forest fires.
These contaminants can bioaccumulate
in humans and wildlife and are known
teratogens (can cause birth defects),
mutagens (can cause heritable changes
in cells) and suspected carcinogens (can
trigger unregulated cell growth). Agent
Orange, one of the “rainbow” herbicides
used during the Vietnam War, contained
2,4-D, but it is reportedly the dioxin in
the 2,4,5-T component that is linked to
human health problems.
▪ Photosystem II inhibitors: Atrazine
is in the triazine family of chemicals.
Introduced in the 1950s, it is translo-cated
and non-selective, controlling both
broadleaf and grassy weeds by inhibition
of Photosystem II. Plants are killed either
before or after they emerge from the soil.
Atrazine is one of the most commonly
used herbicides in the world, with over
75 million pounds applied in about 80
countries each year. Atrazine is a restrict-ed
use pesticide due to its potential for
groundwater contamination. It also has a
long soil half-life (highly persistent). It is
slightly toxic to birds and fish but report-edly
not to bees (Extoxnet 1996).
▪ Electron transfer inhibitors: Paraquat
is a quaternary ammonium compound
introduced by Imperial Chemical Indus-tries
(now Syngenta) in 1961. One of the
most widely used contact herbicides, it is
broad-spectrum, fast-acting and rain-fast
shortly after application. One formu-lation,
Gramoxone®, can be used as a
pre-emergence herbicide. A seedbed is
prepared, weed seeds are allowed to ger-minate
and grow, then the crop seed is
planted. Gramoxone® is applied and acts
on the weeds before the crop seedlings
emerge. This herbicide is quickly bound
by soil particles, making it unavailable
to plants and other soil inhabitants. It
can, however, remain in the soil from 16
months to 13 years. It is a restricted use
pesticide and is considered highly toxic
by EPA because of its toxicity to humans
and other mammals when swallowed.
In several developing countries it is the
agent-of-choice for suicide. Paraquat
products are considered toxic to some
aquatic species (Extoxnet 1993).
▪ EPSPS inhibitors: Glyphosate was in-troduced
by Monsanto Co. in 1974 under
the brand name Roundup®. Its chemical
family has not been agreed upon. It is a
translocated, broad-spectrum, post-emer-gence
pesticide that inhibits the synthesis
of certain amino acids. Though it was
originally meant for non-selective weed
control, it can now be used selectively to
control weeds growing among crop plants
that are resistant to it. These Roundup
Ready® crops have been genetically modi-fied
to detoxify the glyphosate molecule
and include soybean, maize (corn), cano-la,
sugar beet and cotton. Glyphosate is
used in herbicides other than Roundup®
and may now be the top-selling herbicide
in the world. Glyphosate is relatively non-toxic
orally, but some formulations can
cause mild skin or eye irritation. It is not
mutagenic or carcinogenic and does not
appear to be teratogenic. Glyphosate is
reported to be slightly toxic to wild birds
and possibly some aquatic invertebrates,
practically nontoxic to fish, and nontoxic
to bees. Some herbicide formulations,
including Roundup®, contain the cationic
surfactant polyethoxylated tallow amine,
or POEA. It appears to be more toxic to
fish than many other surfactants and is
left out of formulations made for aquatic
uses.
▪ ACCase inhibitors: Propionic (propa-noic)
acid herbicides are used for selec-tive,
post-emergence control of annual
and perennial grasses in commercial
and residential turf and among certain
broadleaf crops. They are selective with-in
the grasses, killing emerging weed
seedlings but not harming established
grasses when used according to label
instructions. They are a not a restricted
use pesticide in Hawaii, are relatively
nontoxic to humans, and have a low tox-icity
for land animals, birds, non-target
insects, earthworms and most aquatic
organisms (Vencill 2002).
▪ ALS inhibitors: Imazapyr is a post-emergence,
broad-spectrum compound
in the imidazolinone family of herbi-cides.
It is often used on noncrop sites
such as fence rows, storage areas, or
rights of way where long-term weed
suppression is needed. Some formula-tions
are used in sugarcane fields and
plantation crops. It is weakly bound to
the soil at a pH above 5 and its break
down is relatively slow. The half-life of
ALS inhibitors is between 25 and 142
days and its weed suppression can last
from 3 months to 2 years. In spite of its
mobility, reports of water contamination
are varied. This may be partly due to its
breakdown in water and sunlight, where
its half-life is only 2 days. Imazapyr is
relatively nontoxic to humans, but can
cause irreversible eye damage. It has a
low toxicity to birds, mammals, fish and
aquatic invertebrates. It is not classified
as a carcinogen by US EPA. Arsenal Her-bicide
® (imazapyr) is not a restricted use
pesticide in Hawaii (Vencill 2002).
Herbicides—a polarizing
issue
In 2005 the value of herbicides in
increased yields in the US was estimated
at $16 billion, plus another $10 billion in
reduced weed control costs. Herbicides
significantly lower the need for fuel and
labor. Farm fuel bills would be 337 mil-lion
gallons higher without herbicides
and a minimum of 1.1 billion hours of
hand labor would be needed at peak

products mentioned in this article are for
information purposes only and should not be
considered a recommendation. Always follow
labeling directions for any pesticide product.
This article is from “The Pesticide
Label” newsletter and is reprinted with
permission from the Pesticide Safety
Education Program, College of Tropi-cal
Agriculture and Human Resources,
University of Hawaii at Manoa. If you
would like to receive notice when a new
issue of this publication has been posted
on-line, send your request to charlie@
hpirs.stjohn.hawaii.edu with “new issue
alerts” as the subject header.
References
Extoxnet. 1996. Atrazine. Viewed on 20
July 2009 at http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/
profiles/extoxnet/24d-captan/atrazine-ext.
html
Extoxnet. 1993. Paraquat. Viewed on 20
july 2009 at http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/
profiles/extoxnet/metiram-propoxur/
PB 265L Backpack Blower
• 25.4 cc professional-grade
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$$2299999999
P R O G R A M
www.echo-usa.com/fleet
paraquat-ext.html (see Extoxnet for
information on 2,4-D and many other
pesticides)
Food Marketing Institute. 1992. Trends:
Consumer attitudes and the supermarket.
Food Marketing Institute, Washington, D.C.
Gammon, C. Weed-whacking herbicide
proves deadly to human cells. 23 June
2009, Scientific American.
Gianessi, L. and Reigner, N. 2006. the
value of herbicides in U.S. crop produc-tion;
2005 update. CropLife Foundation,
Crop Protection Research Institute,
Washington, D.C.
Vencill, W.K. 2002. Imazapyr: Pages
251-253, In Herbicide Handbook, 8th ed.
Weed Science Society of America, USA.
Vencill, W.K. 2002. Quizalofop-p: Pages
388-390, In Herbicide Handbook, 8th ed.
Weed Science Society of America, USA.
Whitford, F. 1993. Pesticide facts and per-ceptions.
Journal of Extension 31(1): 1FEA2
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season for hand weeding. This would re-quire
the employment of 7 million more
agricultural workers for hand weeding
and crop yields would be 20% lower
(Gianessi and Reigner 2006).
On the other hand, a recent article
in Scientific American (Gammon 2009)
stated that an environmental group in
Argentina was seeking a temporary ban
on glyphosate use after an Argentine sci-entist
and local activists reported a high
incidence of birth defects and cancers in
people living near crop-spraying areas.
Scientists in that country also linked
genetic malformations in amphibians to
glyphosate. In addition, last year in Swe-den,
a scientific team found that exposure
[to glyphosate] is a risk factor for people
developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
What are the facts about herbicides
and how are they arrived at? Based on
these facts, can we determine whether
or not the beneficial uses of herbicides
are worth the risk to our health and the
environment?
Controversy arises not only when we
disagree on facts, but when we have dif-ferent
perceptions of those facts. Even
the interpretation of data by objective
scientists and others can lead to differ-ent
opinions on the implication and
importance of those data (Whitford
1993). For example, a poll taken in 1990
showed that 75% of Americans shared
the perception that pesticides were a
serious concern to man and the environ-ment.
Though the list of concerns has
changed, a survey ranking the dangers of
pesticides in foods in 1990, from greatest
to least dangerous was: food additives,
pesticide residues, naturally occurring
toxicants, environmental contaminants,
nutritional imbalance, and microbial
contamination. Conversely, rankings
by food scientists for the same dangers
were exactly reversed (Food Marketing
Institute 1992).
Positive and negative perceptions are
usually based on our own experiences.
In the above survey, farmers would be
more likely to have positive attitudes
towards pesticides because their risks are
familiar and they have seen the bene-fits—
a decrease in pest populations and
an increase in yields. Most people are
not well-versed in modern agricultural
practices, however, and are more apt to
focus on the risks of pesticides—whose
application is out of their control—as
well as unknown health hazards.
DISCLAIMER: Pesticides or other

native
WHAT'S PLANT NAME
IN A b y C h r i s D a c u s
here’s been a surge of
professionals and con-sumers
over the past 10 years
actively seeking to utilize native
plants for their homes and
landscaping projects. Most folks
are aware and comfortable using the tried
and true fifteen or so native and canoe
plants like Naupaka, Hala, Pohinahina, Ti,
Ohi‘a, Kukui, ‘A‘alii, Hapu‘u, ‘Uki‘uki, Koa,
‘Akia, Kalo, Koki‘o, Maile, Milo, and ‘Ilie‘e.
Plus often these are the only native plants
available if they are available at nurseries
and consumer big boxes like Home Depot
or Lowes.
Unfortunately there are many nonna-tive
plants over the years that have been
given Hawaiian names. This has lead to
years of confusion among both consum-ers
and landscape professionals. It’s time
to call these plants by their common
names.
Here’s some of the commonly used
nonnative plants with Hawaiian names.
Shampoo Ginger
formerly known
as 'Awapuhi
Photos: Forest & Kim Starr
Local Name Botanical Name Common Name Native Habitat
Pakalana Telosma cordata Chinese violet India
Kiawe Prosopis pallida Mesquite U.S. Southwest
Loulu Pritchardia pacifica Fiji Fan Palm Fiji
Puakinikini Fagraea berteroana Australian Gardenia Other pacific islands
Pikake Jasminum sambac Arab Jasmine Saudi Arabia
Ali'ipoe Canna indica Indian Shot Tropical America
Wai'wi Psidium cattleianum Strawberry Guava Brazil
Koa Haole Leucaena leucocephala White Leadtree Mexico, Guatemala
'Awapuhi Zingiber zerumbet Shampoo Ginger India and the Malay Peninsula
Laua'e Phymatosorus grossus Musk Fern Parts of Oceania and tropical Asia, not a canoe plant
Liliko'i Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Yellow Passionfruit Amazon region in Brazil
Maile Pilau Paederia foetida Stinkvine East Asia
Hawaiian Wood Rose Merremia tuberosa Woodrose Mexico and Central America
Kahili Ginger Hedychium gardnerianum Himalayan Ginger Himalaya
'Awapuhi melemele Hedychium flavescens Yellow Ginger Himalaya
Prince Kuhio Vine Ipomoea horsfalliae Cardinal Creeper West Indies native
Ni'oi or Capsicum annuum Chili Pepper North America and South America
Hawaiian Chili Pepper
Ka'u orange Citrus sinensis Orange Tree Southeast Asia
'Ohai ali'i Caesalpinia pulcherrima Dwarf Poinciana Tropics and Subtropics of the Americas
Kikania Xanthium strumarium var. canadense Cocklebur North America
Kukunaokala Rhizophora mangle Red Mangrove Tropical America
Pua melia Plumeria species Frangipani, Plumeria Central America, Mexico, the Caribbean,
and South America
Lokelani Rosa chinensis Rose Southwest China

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Musk Fern formerly known as Laua‘e
Take the time today to share this list
with your design, webmaster and nursery
staff and make sure today is the last day
that your business is adding to the confu-sion
of what’s native and not. Start using
the correct common names. Change your
website, drawings, publications, speci-fications,
catalog, and plant tags. Don’t
speak them again and definitely don’t
give another nonnative plant a Hawaiian
name. Let’s fix this once and for all. We
can do this!
Chris Dacus is a landscape architect
and arborist for the Hawaii Department of
Transportation and the president of LICH.

TOOLS
tool
TIPS
b y P h y l l i s Jo n e s
NEWS
from the bench
Tip 1.
Are you noticing more carburetor
problems with your new machines? If so,
here’s a tip that may be helpful. The new
carburetors are more fuel sensitive (more
about that later), and you cannot adjust
them to compensate for “bad” and/or
“dirty” fuel. The portals in the new carbu-retors
are smaller, and more susceptible
to rubbish in your fuel, which may clog
the passages. In most cases, manufactur-ers
use a felt fuel filter. As these filters age,
fibers can break loose from the filters, get
sucked into the passages
and block or clog the
passages in the carb. If
your machine is run-ning
poorly, and you
have tried a carb kit and
that does not change
the way the machine
is running you might
want to try a non-shed
fuel filter. Don’t forget,
if you remove the
carburetor to work on
it, replace the carbure-tor
gasket. It may get
ripped or distorted when
removing the carb, and
you leave yourself open
to an air leak.
The non-shed filter
is not felt; it resembles
the old ceramic fuel
filters used in chain saws decades ago.
By using this new type of filter, you have
eliminated one possible problem. I would
even suggest that when you buy a new
machine you might want to automati-cally
change to this new filter. The cost
is about the same as the felt type. Don’t
forget, in almost all situations, carbure-tors
are not covered under warranty.
Tip 2.
Some manufacturers are recommend-ing
changing spark plugs every 300 hours.
For some landscape companies that can
mean every three months. That’s a lot of
plugs and a lot of $$$$. Changing your
spark plug without checking your plug is
of little use. On two cycle engines, if your
plug has carbon build-up and is damp,
it suggests that your fuel is too rich (too
much oil). If your plug is grey or white,
your fuel is too lean (not enough oil). On
four cycle engines, if your engine won’t
start, don’t assume that you need a new
coil—check your spark plug. If you have
pulled the starter five or six times, and
the engine does not start, take out the
plug and look at it. If the plug is wet, your
engine is probably flooded and you may
have a carburetor problem. If the plug is
dry, the carburetor is not getting fuel, and
you need to track that problem down.
Remember, you need ignition, good fuel
and air for your engine to run.

Tip 3.
Related to tip 1 and 2—you can change
your fuel filter and change your plug, and
your machine still doesn’t seem to run
properly, your air filter may be dirty. I
would recommend changing your air fil-ter
more often as there is a greater chance
that a dirty air filter may be the root of
your problem. Debris from the air filter
gets sucked into the carburetor. I have
found this to be particularly true with
chain saws which operate in a debris-filled
environment. If your air cleaner has
rubbish on it, or is discolored, that should
be a signal that you need to change it. If
your air filter is made of foam, it can be
washed. Do not underestimate the im-portance
of a clean air cleaner if you want
your machine to start.
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Tip 4.
Keep current. After thirty years, I
sometimes forget that these are “new
times”. These are the days of instant in-formation;
where anyone can learn about
the newest trends in cars, clothes, and yes,
even landscaping. Curb appeal, vertical
gardens, sustainability, hardscapes, envi-ronmental
safety, have become common
topics of discussion in print and visual
media. People are looking for landscap-ers
who are familiar with these terms
and can provide them with information.
All you need to do is to look at how floor
space has changed to include products
reflecting the new trends in the major big
box stores. The fact that some of these
things cannot be adapted to our climate,
or require constant maintenance, or have
limited applications, should be part of the
discussion, but that will only happen if
we are informed. The person that is going
to succeed is the one who acknowledges
that these trends do exist (and may even
have a place in today’s world), but can also
explain how they can be adapted to each
situation. Stay current!!
Phyllis Jones is with A to Z Equipment
and Sales, formally A to Z Rental Center, in
business for over 25 years.
LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 29

Little Fire Ant on a cacao tree in Papua, New Guinea.
Pest
Continued from page 21
to eradicate new pests before they
become established. Thanks to quick
reporting, HDOA was able to eradicate
Little Fire Ants (LFA) on Maui, although
constant vigilance is necessary. LFA is
established on the east side of Hawaii
Island and could easily spread across the
state unless people keep reporting new
infestations as soon as they’re found.
Similarly, coqui frog is established in
parts of the Big Island and eradication is
unlikely there at this point, but eradica-tion
efforts are underway and have been
Photo: © Vanderwoude 2008
successful in areas on Kauai and Oahu
and are ongoing on Maui. Pay special
attention when working around airports
and harbors or other places where new
pests are likely to first become estab-lished,
such as new construction devel-opments.
So what’s the bottom line? If you see
something new, report it! Don’t assume
that someone else has already done it.
You can make a difference to our indus-try
and Hawaii’s environment by calling
643-PEST or going to www.reportapest.org.
Carol Kwan is the President of Carol
Kwan Consulting, a Certified Arborist, and
the Secretary of Aloha Arborist Association.
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P. O. Box 22938
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Landscape Industry
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Rates are net and include 4 color. Rates
do not include 4.712% Hawaii Excise Tax.
DISPLAY AD RATES
25TH ANNIVERSARY 2938
96823-HI Hawai’i
22938
Honolulu Box of O. Industry
Landscape Council P. ISSUE
PERMIT NO. 1023
HONOLULU, HI
U.S. POSTAGE PAID
STANDARD
PRESORTED
NEIGHBOR ISLAND FOCUS
APRIL | MAY 2012
$3.95 The VoIce of hAWAII’S GReeN INDUSTRY
HILA ACTIVITIES
The Hapuna Beach Prince Hotel host
Landscape Maintenance Training classes
KAUAI WORKSHOPS
The promotion of horticultural topics
of interest help educate consumers
MAUI TREE CONFERENCE
Brought together tree care professionals
to promote better tree maintenance
T h e V o i ce o f H A W A I’ S G R E E N I N D U S T R Y
AUGUST| SEPTEMBER 2011
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
96823-HI $Honolulu 2938
22938
Box 3.95 O. P. ADVERTISEMENT VERTICAL H ORIZONTAL 1x 3x 6x
Hawai’i
of Council Premium Page 7” x 9.5” 7” x 9.5” $1,595 $1,413 $1,219
Full Page 7” x 9.5” 7” x 9.5” $1,275 $1,130 $975
2/3 Page 4.5” x 9.5” — $1,125 $1,000 $875
Half Page 4.5” x 7” 6.875” x 4.625” $950 $860 $775
1/3 Page 2.125” x 9.5” 4.5” x 4.625” $765 $695 $620
Landscape Industry
LICH’s
RESEARCH
INITIATIVE
With the goal to help policy makers
PERMIT NO. 1023
and researchers prioritize their
HONOLULU, HI
U.S. POSTAGE PAID
resources for the green industry
STANDARD
PRESORTED
FEBRUARY | MARCH 2012
$3.95 T H E V o i C E o F H A W A i i ’ S G R E E N i N D U S T R Y
RE-LAMPINGSustainable lighting with LEDs
INFESTATION
A new wave of Coqui frogs continue
to arrive on O‘ahu despite best efforts
IN SESSION
Certified Landscape training
classes to start up soon
LICHCELEBRATES
25 YEARSThe seed was planted to
unify the industry in 1985
THE WILD WEST
OF ARBORICULTURE
Early days in the industry was fi lled with
hard workers and colorful characters

LICH Landscape Hawaii Magazine - October/November 2012 Issue

LICH Landscape Hawaii Magazine - October/November 2012 Issue

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LICH Landscape Hawaii Magazine - October/November 2012 Issue