The document outlines the necessity of public test facilities for offshore wind power development, highlighting current market statistics and the drivers for research and development. It emphasizes the need for enhanced testing capacities to spur innovation and maintain competitiveness in the sector. The analysis suggests that international collaboration and strategic coordination among research facilities can lead to improved standards and the efficient addressing of gaps in the industry's needs.

1. SET Analysis
the need for public test facilities
Jos Beurskens, SET Analysis
(ECN, TU Delft, TPWind)
Inaugration 4th Sirris/OWI Laboratory
Anwerpen, 27 September 2012
2012-09-27 1

2. SET Analysis
This presentation
• Markets & Applications
• Research & Development drivers
• Facilities; needs, present and future facilities
• Concluding observations
2012-09-27 2

3. Market
SET Analysis
Market development
Total installed offshore wind power: 4335 MW (1.8% of 240GW)
Total number of projects: 61
Average power per project: 83 MW/project
Average power of 10 smallest projects: 8.1 MW/project
Average power of 10 largest projects: 198 MW/project
Under construction: 3762 MW / 13 projects
45,000 250,000
36,000 200,000
Cumulative MW
27,000 150,000
MW per year
18,000 100,000
9,000 50,000
0 0
1983 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011
Year
Source: BTM Consult - A Part of Navigant - March 2012
2012-09-27 3

4. SET Analysis Market
Annual Global Wind Power Development
125,000
100,000
75,000
MW
50,000
25,000
0
1990 2011 2016 2021
Source: BTM Consult - A Part Offshore (Pridiction) Prediction Offshore (Forecast)
of Navigant - March 2012 Forecast Existing capacity
2012-09-27 4

5. Market
Wind turbine product cycles
SET Analysis
(based on rotor diameter)
X Offshore
Source: DEWI Magazin
2012-09-27 5

6. R&D
Size
SET Analysis
2012-09-27 6

7. New applications are the motor of innovations and
R&D; applies in particular to offshore
SET Analysis
Remote
Rural
Islands
Offshore
Cold Mainstream Wind
Climate
Power
Mainstream Wind Power
Hot
Deserts
VTT
2012-09-27 7

8. SET Analysis Maturity of the technologies R&D
Grid connected turbines; wind farms offshore
Rated power [MW]
10
1
Grid connected turbines; medium scale
Hybrid systems (AWDS) Grid connected turbines; wind farms on land
0.1
Grid connected turbines;
0.01 small scale
Autonomous & Hybrid (W-PV)
Circle areas indicate maturity
Rotor diameter [m]
0 25 50 75 100 125
2012-09-27 8

9. SET Analysis Up scaling R&D
Cost of support structures are dominant
and are relatively insensitive to load
carrying capacity
The wind turbines should be as big as
possible !
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10. SET Analysis Up scaling R&D
For the engineer: For the economist:
mass ~ (D³) investment cost ~ (D³)
cross section ~ (D²) energy output ~ (D²)
stress (= mass/cross section) ~ D COE (= inv. cost/energy output) ~ D
Development of advanced materials
with a higher strength to mass ratio
Cost reductions to be achieved in other parts
of the system: cables, foundations, O&M
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11. SET Analysis R&D
Up scaling drives R&D
• Materials for blades and structures
• Aerodynamic control of blades
• Weight: gravity loads and deformations of
heavy components (gear boxes)
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12. R&D
SET Analysis
Materials & Structures
Increased strength / weight
Technology Evolution with Blade Size
30,00 Gl-P HLU
Gl-P RI
25,00 Gl-Ep RI
Gl-Ep Prep
20,00
Blade Mass (tn)
Gl-C Hybrid 1
Gl-C Hybrid 2
15,00
New Tech 1
New Tech 2
10,00
New Tech 3
5,00 REFERENCE
Ep Prep
0,00 P RI
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 P HLU
Rotor Radius (m ) Hybrid
Source: CRES, GR
2012-09-27 12

13. R&D
SET Analysis
Distributed blade control
Distributed blade control necessary
Wind field
Photo: Jos Beurskens
2012-09-27 13

14. R&D
SET Analysis
Distributed blade control
Faigue load reduction by
distributed blade control
Wind tunnel tests on a scaled smart rotor –
flapwise root bending moment with and
without flap activation
• Comparison with Individual Pitch Control:
• 15-25% reduction of fatigue damage equivalent load,
depending on load case
• Can add up to 30%
2012-09-27 14

15. R&D
Weight
SET Analysis
© Jos Beurskens
2012-09-27 15

16. R&D
Weight
SET Analysis
Deformations caused by own weight are
in the order of magnitude of
manufacturing tolerances
2012-09-27 16

17. SET Analysis R&D
Other R&D drivers
• Generators
• Extreme external conditions
• Standards & component design specs
2012-09-27 17

18. R&D
Generator and Transmission
SET Analysis
Classical drive train
Jos Beurskens
Permanent
magnets
ENERCON
Zephyros
Direct drive
HTS (high temperature super
conductivity)
2012-09-27 18

19. R&D
SET Analysis
External Conditions
hot & dry cold & dry
humidity
cold & humid
saline air
dusty wind classes I, II, III
waves
extreme wind speed
soil lightning
characteristics turbulence
earthquakes
complex terrain
2012-09-27 19

20. Facilities
Facilities; Why?
SET Analysis
Analysis & Modelling R&D
(models are not perfect!)
Experimental verification Testing Facilities
(=testing) of components (fragmentary,
non representative)
Design, manufacturing,
Design standards
application
for components
Experimental verification of wind
turbines Field Test Stations
(most in moderate climates)
Experimental verification of wind Experimental Wind
farms Farms
2012-09-27 20

21. SET Analysis Facilities
Public Availability Cost Innov
research of reduction needs
Facilities potential up sc
Wind turbine High High High Hig
Rotor, blades High High Medium Hig
Mechanical transmission Medium Medium High Hig
Electrical conversion Low Low Medium Hig
Control Medium Low High Hig
Condition monitoring Medium Low High Hig
Towers
Low None Medium Med
Support structures
Low Soon High Hig
2012-09-27 21

22. SET Analysis Facilities
© Jos Beurskens
2012-09-27 22

23. Facilities
SET Analysis Public Test and Research facilities (EU)
Location Wind farm Wind turbine Dedicated WE Blades & Foundations Drive train Research
Experimental Test stations Wind tunnel Materials and hub wind turbine
●! ● ● ● ●! ●! ●!
Germany
FhG IWES/
ForWind/DLR
gearbox teeth
● ● ● ● ●
Spain
CENER
●!● ● ●! ●
Netherlands
ECN – WMC-
TUDelft
● ● ●●
GB
NaRec
● ●! ● ●
Denmark
DTU
●!
Sweden
cold climate
●!
Belgium
Sirris/OWI (Lab
no 4)
simulated
external cond.
Selected public test and research facilities In red: under construction or planned; In black: exisiting
2012-09-27 23

24. Facilities
Some interesting facilities (1)
SET Analysis
(D)
(D)
(NL) (NL)
Photo: Jos Beurskens
2012-09-27 24

25. Facilities
Some interesting facilities (2)
SET Analysis
(D) 2.85 x 2.85 m2
(DK) Vmax = 35 m/s
(D)
(NL)
(B)
(NL)
Manufacturer’s test facilities:
LM, Vestas, Repower,
Kenersys, ZF/Hansen, ………
2012-09-27 25

26. Observations (1)
SET Analysis
• Experimental facilities act as a magnet for industrial high-
tech activities, enhance position of local enterprises and
facilitates establishing new innovative companies. Local
examples: ZF Wind Power/Hansen, CG, Numeca, GeoSea-
DEME, 3E, ….
• Associations are crucial in making needs for facilities
explicit (Agoria, Generations (B), WAB (D), EWEA (EU), etc.
• Unique facilities attract international business.
• Given de size of the market, increase of testing capacity in
selected ares is needed.
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27. Observations (2)
SET Analysis
• (Local) authorities compete with each other in stimulating
economic activities, including research infrastructure.
Avoiding unnescessary duplication is impossible. Here
the EU could play an important role by coordinating and
filling gaps by targetted incentives.
2012-09-27 27

28. Observations (3)
SET Analysis
• Industry could benefit from international collaboration
between research facilities (compare with IMTS):
* codes of practice for testing
* developing standards
* recognition of joint quality standards (compare to
MEASNET)
* hosting researchers from industry and partner
institutes/universities
* mutual recognition of results
* identfying need for new research facilities and
coordinated lobying, possibly resulting in regional
specialisation.
2012-09-27 28

29. Congratulations and success
SET Analysis
to Sirris/OWI !
©Jos Beurskens
2012-09-27 29