2011-2
1.
(8) The PPACA requires that employer health insurance costs above $27,500 annually for family coverage and $10,200 for individual coverage be subject to a tax of 4%0 percent. This is the “Cadillac Tax.” Some have argued that this is one of the few elements of the legislation that has the potential to “bend the cost curve.” Explain the argument that leads from taxes on employer sponsored health insurance to lower health care costs. What evidence is there to support this?
2.
(6) A. Describe how the “backlash against managed care” may have resulted in higher health insurance premiums. B. Describe how “provider consolidation” may have resulted in higher health insurance premiums.
3.
(8) Dr. Bentley, Alabama’s new governor, is a proponent of Consumer Directed Health Plans (CDHP) and has as yet undisclosed plans to encourage their use in the state. In anticipation of these plans, please do the following:
A.
Briefly summarize how a CDHP operates.
B.
Describe how such plans are supposed to achieve health care cost savings.
C.
Summarize the extent of the evidence on how effective these plans have been in reducing
health care spending.
D.
Discuss the nature of the adverse or favorable selection that may arise in these types of plans.
4.
(8) It has been argued that larger out-of-pocket employee premium contributions are the result of more two-earner households in the labor market. Sketch out the economics argument that leads to this result.
2011-3
1.
(8) Answer all of the following:
A.
How is the Medicare Hospital Insurance (HI) Trust Fund financed?
B.
How is the Supplemental Medical Insurance (SMI) Trust Fund financed?
C.
The Medicare program is often said to be in crisis by the year 2020 or so. How do the HI
and SMI Trust Funds affect this crisis? How do they affect the broader issue of
government spending on entitlements?
2.
(7) Your widowed grandmother is 70 years old and is currently covered by Medicare. Her health has been good but she worries about ending up in a nursing home. She asks you if she should buy long term care insurance. What do you advise her? (Be sure to explain your advice.)
3.
(8) Your aunt will become eligible for Medicare later this year. She is reasonably healthy. She understands Medicare Part A and knows she will have to pay a premium for Part B coverage. However, she is a bit unclear about Part D, Medicare Advantage and Medigap coverage. In a brief note to her, summarize these programs and offer her some advice on whether she should take any or all of these. She is a smart lady and will expect you to justify your recommendations.
4.
(7) Suppose the opticians in Alabama want the state to enact legislation requiring that all private health insurance plans in the state include coverage for eye exams, eyeglasses and contact lenses. You are the health policy analyst for the governor. Prepare a short memo discussing the extent to which such legislation will actually expand insura ...
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The major written assignment, a Health Policy Analysis, is due in Week Six. Completion of this paper will involve research utilizing selected websites and the Ashford Online Library.
You are employed as an analyst in a state governor’s office and have been asked to write a 15 to 20 page health policy analysis. Your analysis will include the following;
1. Problem Statement: A one to three sentence question in which you succinctly identify a health-related problem. Do not include any recommendations in your problem statement, but rather phrase your problem statement so that it lends itself to an analysis that considers several options.
2. Background: Explain why the problem has been selected for analysis. Provide statistics and background data to document the scope and nature of the problem.
3. Landscape Identification: Identify the key stakeholders and the factors that must be considered e.g. political, social, economic, practical, and legal factors when analyzing the problem. For each factor, your analysis should discuss relevant views of the identified stakeholders. You may organize this section by stakeholder or by factor. Some stakeholders may not have relevant views for all of the factors, but each stakeholder must be addressed as often as necessary to convey their policy position. The tone of the landscape section should be neutral and objective.
4. Alternatives Section: Provide three to five options to consider. This section is not just a statement of choices, but an analysis of each alternative by stating the positive/negative and pro/con aspects of pursuing each option. Analyze all your options equally, and avoid providing more detail for the option you plan to recommend. This section should be completely objective. In completing your alternatives section, you may wish to utilize any of the following criteria in your analysis: cost, cost-benefit, political feasibility, legality, administrative ease, fairness, timeliness, targeted impact. Identify and evaluate the impacts of these processes e.g. persons served, lives saved, hospital days avoided, people screened.
5. Side-by-side Tables of the Alternatives: Create descriptive or analytic tables of your alternatives in which you summarize key information. A descriptive table would provide a description of each option but not provide any analysis. An analytic table would assess the option based on the criteria chosen. Make sure to clearly label your tables.
6. Recommendations: Select one of your alternatives, and clearly differentiate it as the best option, making sure to provide a detailed explanation as to why it is preferred over the other options. Weigh the data/evidence and analyze it in terms of technical feasibility, political feasibility, or economic and financial viability. In addition, also identify what, if any, actions may be taken to mitigate or overcome the negative aspects of your selected recommendation. (You presented these in your Alternatives Secti ...
hCentive Health Insurance Exchange PlatformAlisha North
Take advantage of hCentive's deep expertise in the healthcare insurance industry. Browse through or download our white papers to get an in-depth understanding of the industry.
This presentation discusses the impact of health reform. It begins by defining the problem, then provides an overview of legislation and the impact on business. It provides a contrarian view of the subject and explains why health reform is really insurance reform. It also introduces the concept of consumer sovereignty,
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Final ProjectThe major written assignment, a Health Policy Ana.docxvoversbyobersby
Final Project
The major written assignment, a Health Policy Analysis, is due in Week Six. Completion of this paper will involve research utilizing selected websites and the Ashford Online Library.
You are employed as an analyst in a state governor’s office and have been asked to write a 15 to 20 page health policy analysis. Your analysis will include the following;
1. Problem Statement: A one to three sentence question in which you succinctly identify a health-related problem. Do not include any recommendations in your problem statement, but rather phrase your problem statement so that it lends itself to an analysis that considers several options.
2. Background: Explain why the problem has been selected for analysis. Provide statistics and background data to document the scope and nature of the problem.
3. Landscape Identification: Identify the key stakeholders and the factors that must be considered e.g. political, social, economic, practical, and legal factors when analyzing the problem. For each factor, your analysis should discuss relevant views of the identified stakeholders. You may organize this section by stakeholder or by factor. Some stakeholders may not have relevant views for all of the factors, but each stakeholder must be addressed as often as necessary to convey their policy position. The tone of the landscape section should be neutral and objective.
4. Alternatives Section: Provide three to five options to consider. This section is not just a statement of choices, but an analysis of each alternative by stating the positive/negative and pro/con aspects of pursuing each option. Analyze all your options equally, and avoid providing more detail for the option you plan to recommend. This section should be completely objective. In completing your alternatives section, you may wish to utilize any of the following criteria in your analysis: cost, cost-benefit, political feasibility, legality, administrative ease, fairness, timeliness, targeted impact. Identify and evaluate the impacts of these processes e.g. persons served, lives saved, hospital days avoided, people screened.
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6. Recommendations: Select one of your alternatives, and clearly differentiate it as the best option, making sure to provide a detailed explanation as to why it is preferred over the other options. Weigh the data/evidence and analyze it in terms of technical feasibility, political feasibility, or economic and financial viability. In addition, also identify what, if any, actions may be taken to mitigate or overcome the negative aspects of your selected recommendation. (You presented these in your Alternatives Secti ...
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Week #5-To Do List-CCHWeek 5 IntroductionIntroduction To Co.docxcelenarouzie
Week #5-To Do List-CCH
Week 5: Introduction
Introduction To Compliance Documentation & Reporting
Proper documentation is an inherent component of delivery of care, not an add-on. One of the oldest battles in healthcare is that between the hospital Medical Records department and the admitting Physician to complete necessary documentation for the Patient’s Chart. The most common cause of loss of admitting privileges has been from this source. This process has only become more important and necessary with the increasing recognition of the importance of proper documentation for legal and ethical defense purposes.
Documentation also serves a number of financial aspects of patient care delivery, including billing, grant writing for research projects, medical research to discover future tests, procedures, and cures, and funding for government supported agencies and programs.
Objectives
To successfully complete this learning unit, you will be expected to:
Identify the uses for health care documentation.
Learn the essential components of quality documentation.
Categorize the document guidelines under the federal False Claims Act.
Identify the documentation required for compliance under the Federal Stark Law.
List the aspects of documentation compliance with regard to electronic health records.
Identify the important issues regarding ethical coding practices.
Learn the most common illegal practices for HIM reporting.
Identify the key concerns under the federal False Claims Act that relate to reporting.
Determine the impact of the Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) on HIM processes in physicians’ offices.
Identify the circumstances in which a health care professional is mandated to report a patient’s diagnosis.
Week 5: Discussion
Answer the following questions:
Review the various uses for health care documentation and discuss how each has an impact on the health care delivery system
Discuss procedures you might enact in your facility to avoid violating the False Claims Act
Discuss why physician offices should participate in PQRI
Week 5: Case Study Assignment
Please read and choose one of the following case studies:
Case study on page 111 of your textbook. (This Case Study is in the section for Securing EHR and starts with "NOTE: In each CMP (Civil Monetary Penalties) case resolved through a settlement agreement, . . . ")
Case study on page 127 of your textbook. (This Case Study is in the section for Phantom Patients and starts with "Two Charged in False Claims to Medicaid."
Case study on page 128 of your textbook. (This Case Study is in the section for Services not Performed and starts with "WASHINGTON—April 14, 2008—A board-certified radiologist, Fred Steinberg, M.D., his imaging centers . . ."
Case study on page 131 of your textbook. (This Case Study is in the section for Upcoding and starts with "July 2007: In Florida, a doctor was sentenced to 78 months in prison .
Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) and clinically integrated networks (CINs) are two types of organizations working to address the problem of rising costs. As ACOs and CINs continue to evolve, organizations moving into value-based care (VBC) face an ever-changing landscape. This article looks at the evolution of the ACO and CIN models, what new tools ACOs employ today to promote success, and lessons learned from organizations that have succeeded in alternative payment models. It also explores what healthcare experts believe the future of alternative payment models will look like and competencies to develop to meet those changing demands.
Consumer-Centric Healthcare: 2015--The Tipping Point Has Arrived (Report by William Blair)
Consumers—in tandem with disruptive healthcare technology and healthcare services providers—are the key to solving many of US healthcare's woes, particularly the unsustainably high cost of care.
Public exchanges, private exchanges, and high-deductible health plans are growing quickly. Disruptive forces of competition will create a lower-cost system that promotes the growth of highly efficient, low-cost, and high-quality providers and technologies.
The continued movement of financial and quality risk back to providers (and increasingly to consumers themselves) is encouraging providers and consumers to seek preventive medicine, cost efficiency, clinical efficacy, and overall value in healthcare. In turn, this could drive significant change regarding the primary point of care delivery (rapidly moving outside the hospital), the overall cost of healthcare and investment decisions made by healthcare providers.
Consumer-centric healthcare providers will experience strong top- and bottom-line growth over the coming years. Investors in both the public and private-equity markets will achieve superior long-term returns by identifying and investing in these companies.
US Healthcare Reform Landscape - Addendum to June 2018 Presentation to the Ch...Dan Wellisch
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BoyarMiller Breakfast Forum: How will Changing Healthcare Policy Affect your ...BoyarMiller
"Repeal, Replace, Reevaluate. How will Changing Healthcare Policy Affect your Business?"
With so much anticipated change forthcoming in healthcare policy, this outlook can help inform your business priorities for the coming year.
View the full event video and more at: http://www.boyarmiller.com/news-and-publications/events/breakfast-forum-repeal-replace-reevaluate-how-will-changing-healthcare-policy-affect-your-business/
With so much anticipated change forthcoming in healthcare policy, this outloo...Lawrence Wilson
BoyarMiller hosted three industry experts for a moderated discussion to explore the impact of a new administration on the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and how this may affect your business. Speakers included:
•Don Gilbert, Healthcare Consultant & Lobbyist – What are the potential changes and impacts on governmental programs?
•Jim Springfield, Optum – An insurer’s perspective and other challenges around insurance coverage and premiums.
•Kelly Larkin, MD, FACAP, The Larkin Group – A provider’s perspective and challenges around primary care
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Past President Franklin Roosevelt and Lyndon B. Johnson enacted ACTS and legislation to help the United States Poor to ensure they has proper health care insurance. “The Social Security Act was passed by Congress as part of President Roosevelt’s Second New Deal agenda. In signing the Act into law on August 14, 1935, Roosevelt became the first president to advocate for and create legislation for the provision of governmental assistance for the elderly at the federal level” (CSU, 2015). Considering the new policies and new developments of the country to ensure that housing, food, and work was also available. Time was surely of the essence considering it was the turn of the century and the United States was implementing new changes and programs within the United States.
According to the NASW Code of Ethics section 6.04 (NASW, 2008), .docxaryan532920
According to the NASW Code of Ethics section 6.04 (NASW, 2008), social workers are ethically bound to work for policies that support the healthy development of individuals, guarantee equal access to services, and promote social and economic justice.
For this Discussion
, review this week’s resources, including
Working with Survivors of Sexual Abuse and Trauma: The Case of Rita
and “The Johnson Family”. Consider what change you might make to the policies that affect the client in the case you chose. Finally, think about how you might evaluate the success of the policy changes.
By Day 3
Post
an explanation of one change you might make to the policies that affect the client in the case. Be sure to reference the case you selected in your post. Finally, explain how you might evaluate the success of the policy changes.
Working With Survivors of Sexual Abuse and Trauma: The Case of Rita
Rita is a 22-year-old, heterosexual, Latina female working in the hospitality industry at a resort. She is the youngest of five children and lives at home with her parents. Rita has dated in the past but never developed a serious relationship. She is close to her immediate and extended family as well as to her female friends in the Latino community. Although her parents and three of her siblings were born in the Dominican Republic, Rita was born in the United States.
A year ago, Rita was sexually assaulted by an acquaintance of a male coworker. Rita and a female coworker met Juan and Bob after work at a local bar for a light meal and a few drinks. Because Rita had to get up early to work her shift the next day, Bob offered to drive her home. Instead of taking Rita directly home, however, he drove to a desolate spot nearby and assaulted her. Afterward, Bob threatened to harm her family if she did not remain silent and proceeded to drive her home. Although Rita did not tell her family what happened, she did call our agency hotline the next day to discuss her options. Because Rita’s assault occurred within the 5-day window for forensic evidence collection of this kind, Rita consented to activation of the county’s sexual assault response team (SART). Although she agreed to have an advocate and the sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) meet her at the hospital, Rita tearfully stated that she did not want to file a police report at that time because she did not want to upset her family. The nurse examiner interviewed Rita, collected evidence, recorded any injuries, administered antibiotics for possible sexually transmitted infections, and gave Rita emergency contraception in case of pregnancy. The advocate stayed with Rita during the procedure, supporting her and validating her experience, and gave her a referral for individual crisis counseling at our agency.
My treatment goals for Rita included alleviation of rape trauma syndrome symptoms that included shame and self-blame, validation of self-worth and empowerment, and processing how it would feel to discl.
According to the text, crime has been part of the human condition si.docxaryan532920
According to the text, crime has been part of the human condition since people began to live in groups. Ancient documents indicate that conduct we now call murder, theft, or robbery was identified as criminal by civilizations that existed thousands of years ago. Criminal laws regulate human conduct and tell people what they can and cannot do and, in some instances, what they must do under certain circumstances. In this assignment, you will explore different types of criminal conduct and the goals of criminal law.
Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you:
Determine whether or not the Ex Post Facto Clause can be used as a defense to prohibit the increase in federal minimum/mandatory sentencing guidelines after a federal defendant has committed the crime. Provide a rationale to support your position.
Explain the distinction between criminal, tort, and moral wrongs. Next, support or criticize the premise that the standards set by moral laws are higher than those set by criminal law.
Identify and discuss the differences between solicitation of another to commit a crime and a conspiracy to commit a crime. Next, support or criticize the use of the unilateral approach to conspiracy convictions.
Identify the four (4) goals of criminal law, and discuss the manner in which these four goals effectuate the purpose of protecting the public and preventing the conviction of innocent persons.
Use at least three (3) quality academic resources in this assignment.
Note:
Wikipedia and similar types of websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
This course requires use of new
Strayer Writing Standards (SWS
). The format is different than other Strayer University courses. Please take a moment to review the SWS documentation for details.
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow SWS or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student's name, the professor's name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Describe the nature and history of American criminal law.
Explain the role of individuals and federal, state, and local government agencies in crime fighting and prosecution of criminal offenses.
Analyze the essential legal elements of criminal conduct.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in criminal law.
Write clearly and concisely about criminal law using proper writing mechanics.
.
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Week 5: Introduction
Introduction To Compliance Documentation & Reporting
Proper documentation is an inherent component of delivery of care, not an add-on. One of the oldest battles in healthcare is that between the hospital Medical Records department and the admitting Physician to complete necessary documentation for the Patient’s Chart. The most common cause of loss of admitting privileges has been from this source. This process has only become more important and necessary with the increasing recognition of the importance of proper documentation for legal and ethical defense purposes.
Documentation also serves a number of financial aspects of patient care delivery, including billing, grant writing for research projects, medical research to discover future tests, procedures, and cures, and funding for government supported agencies and programs.
Objectives
To successfully complete this learning unit, you will be expected to:
Identify the uses for health care documentation.
Learn the essential components of quality documentation.
Categorize the document guidelines under the federal False Claims Act.
Identify the documentation required for compliance under the Federal Stark Law.
List the aspects of documentation compliance with regard to electronic health records.
Identify the important issues regarding ethical coding practices.
Learn the most common illegal practices for HIM reporting.
Identify the key concerns under the federal False Claims Act that relate to reporting.
Determine the impact of the Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) on HIM processes in physicians’ offices.
Identify the circumstances in which a health care professional is mandated to report a patient’s diagnosis.
Week 5: Discussion
Answer the following questions:
Review the various uses for health care documentation and discuss how each has an impact on the health care delivery system
Discuss procedures you might enact in your facility to avoid violating the False Claims Act
Discuss why physician offices should participate in PQRI
Week 5: Case Study Assignment
Please read and choose one of the following case studies:
Case study on page 111 of your textbook. (This Case Study is in the section for Securing EHR and starts with "NOTE: In each CMP (Civil Monetary Penalties) case resolved through a settlement agreement, . . . ")
Case study on page 127 of your textbook. (This Case Study is in the section for Phantom Patients and starts with "Two Charged in False Claims to Medicaid."
Case study on page 128 of your textbook. (This Case Study is in the section for Services not Performed and starts with "WASHINGTON—April 14, 2008—A board-certified radiologist, Fred Steinberg, M.D., his imaging centers . . ."
Case study on page 131 of your textbook. (This Case Study is in the section for Upcoding and starts with "July 2007: In Florida, a doctor was sentenced to 78 months in prison .
Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) and clinically integrated networks (CINs) are two types of organizations working to address the problem of rising costs. As ACOs and CINs continue to evolve, organizations moving into value-based care (VBC) face an ever-changing landscape. This article looks at the evolution of the ACO and CIN models, what new tools ACOs employ today to promote success, and lessons learned from organizations that have succeeded in alternative payment models. It also explores what healthcare experts believe the future of alternative payment models will look like and competencies to develop to meet those changing demands.
Consumer-Centric Healthcare: 2015--The Tipping Point Has Arrived (Report by William Blair)
Consumers—in tandem with disruptive healthcare technology and healthcare services providers—are the key to solving many of US healthcare's woes, particularly the unsustainably high cost of care.
Public exchanges, private exchanges, and high-deductible health plans are growing quickly. Disruptive forces of competition will create a lower-cost system that promotes the growth of highly efficient, low-cost, and high-quality providers and technologies.
The continued movement of financial and quality risk back to providers (and increasingly to consumers themselves) is encouraging providers and consumers to seek preventive medicine, cost efficiency, clinical efficacy, and overall value in healthcare. In turn, this could drive significant change regarding the primary point of care delivery (rapidly moving outside the hospital), the overall cost of healthcare and investment decisions made by healthcare providers.
Consumer-centric healthcare providers will experience strong top- and bottom-line growth over the coming years. Investors in both the public and private-equity markets will achieve superior long-term returns by identifying and investing in these companies.
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With so much anticipated change forthcoming in healthcare policy, this outlook can help inform your business priorities for the coming year.
View the full event video and more at: http://www.boyarmiller.com/news-and-publications/events/breakfast-forum-repeal-replace-reevaluate-how-will-changing-healthcare-policy-affect-your-business/
With so much anticipated change forthcoming in healthcare policy, this outloo...Lawrence Wilson
BoyarMiller hosted three industry experts for a moderated discussion to explore the impact of a new administration on the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and how this may affect your business. Speakers included:
•Don Gilbert, Healthcare Consultant & Lobbyist – What are the potential changes and impacts on governmental programs?
•Jim Springfield, Optum – An insurer’s perspective and other challenges around insurance coverage and premiums.
•Kelly Larkin, MD, FACAP, The Larkin Group – A provider’s perspective and challenges around primary care
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Past President Franklin Roosevelt and Lyndon B. Johnson enacted ACTS and legislation to help the United States Poor to ensure they has proper health care insurance. “The Social Security Act was passed by Congress as part of President Roosevelt’s Second New Deal agenda. In signing the Act into law on August 14, 1935, Roosevelt became the first president to advocate for and create legislation for the provision of governmental assistance for the elderly at the federal level” (CSU, 2015). Considering the new policies and new developments of the country to ensure that housing, food, and work was also available. Time was surely of the essence considering it was the turn of the century and the United States was implementing new changes and programs within the United States.
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According to the NASW Code of Ethics section 6.04 (NASW, 2008), social workers are ethically bound to work for policies that support the healthy development of individuals, guarantee equal access to services, and promote social and economic justice.
For this Discussion
, review this week’s resources, including
Working with Survivors of Sexual Abuse and Trauma: The Case of Rita
and “The Johnson Family”. Consider what change you might make to the policies that affect the client in the case you chose. Finally, think about how you might evaluate the success of the policy changes.
By Day 3
Post
an explanation of one change you might make to the policies that affect the client in the case. Be sure to reference the case you selected in your post. Finally, explain how you might evaluate the success of the policy changes.
Working With Survivors of Sexual Abuse and Trauma: The Case of Rita
Rita is a 22-year-old, heterosexual, Latina female working in the hospitality industry at a resort. She is the youngest of five children and lives at home with her parents. Rita has dated in the past but never developed a serious relationship. She is close to her immediate and extended family as well as to her female friends in the Latino community. Although her parents and three of her siblings were born in the Dominican Republic, Rita was born in the United States.
A year ago, Rita was sexually assaulted by an acquaintance of a male coworker. Rita and a female coworker met Juan and Bob after work at a local bar for a light meal and a few drinks. Because Rita had to get up early to work her shift the next day, Bob offered to drive her home. Instead of taking Rita directly home, however, he drove to a desolate spot nearby and assaulted her. Afterward, Bob threatened to harm her family if she did not remain silent and proceeded to drive her home. Although Rita did not tell her family what happened, she did call our agency hotline the next day to discuss her options. Because Rita’s assault occurred within the 5-day window for forensic evidence collection of this kind, Rita consented to activation of the county’s sexual assault response team (SART). Although she agreed to have an advocate and the sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) meet her at the hospital, Rita tearfully stated that she did not want to file a police report at that time because she did not want to upset her family. The nurse examiner interviewed Rita, collected evidence, recorded any injuries, administered antibiotics for possible sexually transmitted infections, and gave Rita emergency contraception in case of pregnancy. The advocate stayed with Rita during the procedure, supporting her and validating her experience, and gave her a referral for individual crisis counseling at our agency.
My treatment goals for Rita included alleviation of rape trauma syndrome symptoms that included shame and self-blame, validation of self-worth and empowerment, and processing how it would feel to discl.
According to the text, crime has been part of the human condition si.docxaryan532920
According to the text, crime has been part of the human condition since people began to live in groups. Ancient documents indicate that conduct we now call murder, theft, or robbery was identified as criminal by civilizations that existed thousands of years ago. Criminal laws regulate human conduct and tell people what they can and cannot do and, in some instances, what they must do under certain circumstances. In this assignment, you will explore different types of criminal conduct and the goals of criminal law.
Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you:
Determine whether or not the Ex Post Facto Clause can be used as a defense to prohibit the increase in federal minimum/mandatory sentencing guidelines after a federal defendant has committed the crime. Provide a rationale to support your position.
Explain the distinction between criminal, tort, and moral wrongs. Next, support or criticize the premise that the standards set by moral laws are higher than those set by criminal law.
Identify and discuss the differences between solicitation of another to commit a crime and a conspiracy to commit a crime. Next, support or criticize the use of the unilateral approach to conspiracy convictions.
Identify the four (4) goals of criminal law, and discuss the manner in which these four goals effectuate the purpose of protecting the public and preventing the conviction of innocent persons.
Use at least three (3) quality academic resources in this assignment.
Note:
Wikipedia and similar types of websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
This course requires use of new
Strayer Writing Standards (SWS
). The format is different than other Strayer University courses. Please take a moment to review the SWS documentation for details.
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow SWS or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student's name, the professor's name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Describe the nature and history of American criminal law.
Explain the role of individuals and federal, state, and local government agencies in crime fighting and prosecution of criminal offenses.
Analyze the essential legal elements of criminal conduct.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in criminal law.
Write clearly and concisely about criminal law using proper writing mechanics.
.
According to Ronald Story and Bruce Laurie, The dozen years between.docxaryan532920
According to Ronald Story and Bruce Laurie, “The dozen years between 1968 and 1980 marked more than the beginning of Republican ascendency; they also saw the breakup of the New Deal coalition and the advent of conservative domination of American politics.” (CP 139).
In this essay, you should explain,
first
, how it is that conservatives came to dominate American politics by the 1980s and,
second
,
how the ideas and policies they embraced shaped American society into the twenty first century.
Rules:
1. 3-4 pages
2. Double spaced, 12-point font
3. Standard margins—Approximately 1.25 on left and right margins and 1 on top and bottom
4. In crafting your essay, you will want to construct a clear thesis and draw on evidence from the sources described below.
5.
Only
use these sources below.
Sources:
Context: The Close of the 1960s
1. The black cat tavern and the LGBT Movement
Link:
https://www.npr.org/2017/02/13/514935126/stonewall-riots-grab-the-spotlight-from-black-cat-protests
2. ESPN Sport center on Katherine Switzwer
Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6CoScOIK_I
3. Crisis in the Cities and 1968.pdf (attachment)
4. Excerpt from MLK’s final Speech in 1968
Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oehry1JC9Rk
5. Vietnam-The path to war.pdf (attachment)
The Rediscovery of the Market: Conservative Politics and Policies
6. Alfred Kahn’s Legacy: Cheap Flights
Link:
https://www.npr.org/2010/12/29/132422495/alfred-kahns-legacy-cheap-flights
7. A Second Gilded Age?.pdf (attachment)
.
According to Kirk (2016), most of your time will be spent work with .docxaryan532920
According to Kirk (2016), most of your time will be spent work with your data. The four following group actions were mentioned by Kirk (2016):
Data acquisition: Gathering the raw material
Data examination: Identifying physical properties and meaning
Data transformation: Enhancing your data through modification and consolidation
Data exploration: Using exploratory analysis and research techniques to learn
Select 1 data action and elaborate on the actions performed in that action group.
Reference: Kirk, A. (2016). Data Visualisation: A Handbook for Data Driven Design (p. 50). SAGE Publications.
.
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5 Eng.docxaryan532920
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5: Engage in Policy Practice:
Social workers understand that human rights and social justice, as well as social welfare and services, are mediated by policy and its implementation at the federal, state, and local levels. Social workers understand the history and current structures of social policies and services, the role of policy in service delivery, and the role of practice in policy development. Social workers understand their role in policy development and implementation within their practice settings at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels and they actively engage in policy practice to effect change within those settings. Social workers recognize and understand the historical, social, cultural, economic, organizational, environmental, and global influences that affect social policy. They are also knowledgeable about policy formulation, analysis, implementation, and evaluation.
Walden’s MSW program expects students in their specialization year to be able to:
Evaluate the implication of policies and policy change in the lives of clients/constituents.
Demonstrate critical thinking skills that can be used to inform policymakers and influence policies that impact clients/constituents and services.
This assignment is intended to help students demonstrate the behavioral components of this competency in their field education.
To prepare
: Working with your field instructor, identify a social problem that is common among the organization (or its clients) and research current policies at that state and federal levels that impact the social problem. Then, from a position of advocacy, identify methods to address the social problem (i.e., how you, as a social worker, and the agency advocate to change the problem). You are expected to specifically address how both you and the agency can effectively engage policy makers to make them aware of the social problem and the impact that the policies have on the agency and clients.
The Assignment (2-3 pages): Social Problems is Ex-cons finding Jobs Opportunities in State of California. The Agency is Called "Manifest" the website is Manifest.org
Identify the social problem
Explain rational for selecting social problem
Describe state and federal policies that impact the social problem
Identify specific methods to address the social problems
Explain how the agency and student can advocate to change the social problem
You are expected to present and discuss this assignment with your agency Field Instructor. Your field instructor will be evaluating your ability to demonstrate this competency in their field evaluation. In addition, you will submit this assignment for classroom credit. The Field Liaison will grade the assignment “PASS/FAIL,” see rubric for passing criteria.
.
According to Kirk (2016), most of our time will be spent working.docxaryan532920
According to Kirk (2016), most of our time will be spent working with our data. The four following group actions were mentioned by Kirk (2016):
Book: Kirk, A. (2016). Data visualisation a handbook for data driven design. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Data acquisition: Gathering the raw material
Data examination: Identifying physical properties and meaning
Data transformation: Enhancing your data through modification and consolidation
Data exploration: Using exploratory analysis and research techniques to learn
Select 1 data action and elaborate on the actions preformed in that action group.
.
According to Kirk (2016), most of your time will be spent working wi.docxaryan532920
According to Kirk (2016), most of your time will be spent working with your data. The four following group actions were mentioned by Kirk (2016):
Data acquisition: Gathering the raw material
Data examination: Identifying physical properties and meaning
Data transformation: Enhancing your data through modification and consolidation
Data exploration: Using exploratory analysis and research techniques to learn
Select 1 data action and elaborate on the actions preformed in that action group.
.
According to Davenport (2014) the organizational value of healthcare.docxaryan532920
According to Davenport (2014) the organizational value of healthcare analytics, both determination and importance, provide a potential increase in annual revenue and ROI based on the value and use of analytics. To complete this assignment, research and evaluate the challenges faced in the implementation of healthcare analytics in the Health Care Organization (HCO) or health care industry using the following tools:
The paper must also address the following:
Application of PICO (problem, intervention, comparison group, and outcomes) to the challenge identified in your research.
The paper:
Must be two to four double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the
Ashford Writing Center. (Links to an external site.)
Must include a separate title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must use at least three scholarly sources in addition to the course text.
Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
.
According to the authors, privacy and security go hand in hand; .docxaryan532920
According to the authors, privacy and security go hand in hand; and hence, privacy cannot be protected without implementing proper security controls and technologies. Today, organizations must make not only reasonable efforts to offer protection of privacy of data, but also must go much further as privacy breaches are damaging to its customers, reputation, and potentially could put the company out of business. As we continue learning from our various professional areas of practice, its no doubt that breaches have become an increasing concern to many businesses and their future operations. Taking Cyberattacks proliferation of 2011 into context, security experts at Intel/McAfee discovered huge series of cyberattacks on the networks of 72 organizations globally, including the United Nations, governments and corporations.
Q: From this research revelation in our chapter 11, briefly state and name the countries and organizations identified as the targeted victims?
.
According to Gilbert and Troitzsch (2005), Foundations of Simula.docxaryan532920
According to Gilbert and Troitzsch (2005), Foundations of Simulation Modeling, a simulation model is a computer program that captures the behavior of a real-world system and its input and possible output processes.
Briefly explain what the simulation modeling relies upon?
-500 words at least.
-No Plagiarism.
-APA Format.
.
According to Klein (2016), using ethical absolutism and ethical .docxaryan532920
According to Klein (2016), using ethical absolutism and ethical relativism in ethical decision making can lead to different outcomes. How can moral reasoning about a specific situation differ based on relativism or absolutism? Can you provide an illustration or example of an accounting procedure/situation whose outcome may differ based on absolutism or relativism? Is ethical relativism a more suitable standard within a global IFRS Environment? Why or why not?
at least 250 words
.
According to Franks and Smallwood (2013), information has become.docxaryan532920
According to Franks and Smallwood (2013), information has become the lifeblood of every business organization, and that an increasing volume of information today has increased and exchanged through the use of social networks and Web2.0 tools like blogs, microblogs, and wikis. When looking at social media in the enterprise, there is a notable difference in functionality between e-mail and social media, and has been documented by research – “…that social media differ greatly from e-mail use due to its maturity and stability.” (Franks & Smallwood, 2013).
Provide a page response identifying and clearly stating what the difference are? APA Standard, 2 page response, not including front page and references.
.
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5.docxaryan532920
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5: Engage in Policy Practice:
Social workers understand that human rights and social justice, as well as social welfare and services, are mediated by policy and its implementation at the federal, state, and local levels. Social workers understand the history and current structures of social policies and services, the role of policy in service delivery, and the role of practice in policy development. Social workers understand their role in policy development and implementation within their practice settings at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels and they actively engage in policy practice to effect change within those settings. Social workers recognize and understand the historical, social, cultural, economic, organizational, environmental, and global influences that affect social policy. They are also knowledgeable about policy formulation, analysis, implementation, and evaluation. Social workers:
Identify social policy at the local, state, and federal level that impacts well-being, service delivery, and access to social services;
Assess how social welfare and economic policies impact the delivery of and access to social services;
Apply critical thinking to analyze, formulate, and advocate for policies that advance human rights and social, economic, and environmental justice.
This assignment is intended to help students demonstrate the behavioral components of this competency in their field education.
To prepare: Working with your field instructor, identify, evaluate, and discuss policies established by the local, state, and federal government (within the last five years) that affect the day to day operations of the field placement agency.
The Assignment (1-2 pages): (In The States California. The Good Seed is a Drop-In center for 18-25 years!
Describe the policies and their impact on the field agency.
Propose specific recommendations regarding how you, as a social work intern, and the agency can advocate for policies pertaining to advancing social justice for the agency and the clients it serves.
.
According to the authors, privacy and security go hand in hand; and .docxaryan532920
According to the authors, privacy and security go hand in hand; and hence, privacy cannot be protected without implementing proper security controls and technologies. Today, organizations must make not only reasonable efforts to offer protection of privacy of data, but also must go much further as privacy breaches are damaging to its customers, reputation, and potentially could put the company out of business. As we continue learning from our various professional areas of practice, its no doubt that breaches have become an increasing concern to many businesses and their future operations. Taking Cyberattacks proliferation of 2011 into context, security experts at Intel/McAfee discovered huge series of cyberattacks on the networks of 72 organizations globally, including the United Nations, governments and corporations.
From this research revelation in our chapter 11, briefly state and name the countries and organizations identified as the targeted victims?
Use the APA format to include your references. Each paragraph should have different references and each para should have at least 4 sentences.
.
According to recent surveys, China, India, and the Philippines are t.docxaryan532920
According to recent surveys, China, India, and the Philippines are the three most popular countries for IT outsourcing. Write a short paper (4 paragraphs) explaining what the appeal would be for US companies to outsource IT functions to these countries. You may discuss cost, labor pool, language, or possibly government support as your reasons. There are many other reasons you may choose to highlight in your paper. Be sure to use your own words.
Must be in APA format with references and citations.
.
According to the authors, countries that lag behind the rest of the .docxaryan532920
According to the authors, countries that lag behind the rest of the world’s ICT capabilities encounter difficulties at various levels. Discuss specific areas, both within and outside, eGovernance, in which citizens living in a country that lags behind the rest of the world in ICT capacity are lacking. Include in your discussion quality of life, sustainability, safety, affluence, and any other areas that you find of interest. Use at least 8-10 sentences to discuss this topic.
.
According to Peskin et al. (2013) in our course reader, Studies on .docxaryan532920
According to Peskin et al. (2013) in our course reader, "Studies on early health risk factors, including prenatal nicotine/alcohol exposure, birth complications, and minor physical anomalies have found that these risk factors significantly increase the likelihood of anti-social and criminal behavior throughout life." What policy changes might you suggest to help curtail the occurrence or effects of these risk factors? Remember to think about public health policy, not just criminal policy.
.
According to Franks and Smallwood (2013), information has become the.docxaryan532920
According to Franks and Smallwood (2013), information has become the lifeblood of every business organization, and that an increasing volume of information today has increased and exchanged through the use of social networks and Web2.0 tools like blogs, microblogs, and wikis. When looking at social media in the enterprise, there is a notable difference in functionality between e-mail and social media, and has been documented by research – “…that social media differ greatly from e-mail use due to its maturity and stability.” (Franks & Smallwood, 2013).
Q: Please identify and clearly state what the difference is?
Use the APA format to include your references. Each paragraph should have different references and each para should have at least 4 sentences.
.
According to Ang (2011), how is Social Media management differen.docxaryan532920
According to Ang (2011), how is Social Media management different than traditional Customer Relationship Management (CRM)? Define the four pillars of social media (connectivity, conversations, content creation and collaboration) and analyze how each pillar can be used to aid Social Media management. Identify the benefits Social Media management. Provide examples to illustrate each point.
The paper must be 1-2 pages in length (excluding title and reference page) and in APA (6th edition) format. The paper must include the Ang (2011) article in correct APA format.
.
According to (Alsaidi & Kausar (2018), It is expected that by 2020,.docxaryan532920
According to (Alsaidi & Kausar (2018), "It is expected that by 2020, around 25 billion objects will become the part of global IoT network, which will pose new challenges in securing IoT systems. It will become an easy target for hackers as these systems are often deployed in an uncontrolled and hostile environment. The main security challenges in IoT environment are authorization, privacy, authentication, admission control, system conformation, storage, and administration" (p. 213).
Discuss and describe the difference between a black hole attack and a wormhole attack.
.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2011-21.(8) The PPACA requires that employer health insuran.docx
1. 2011-2
1.
(8) The PPACA requires that employer health insurance costs
above $27,500 annually for family coverage and $10,200 for
individual coverage be subject to a tax of 4%0 percent. This is
the “Cadillac Tax.” Some have argued that this is one of the
few elements of the legislation that has the potential to “bend
the cost curve.” Explain the argument that leads from taxes on
employer sponsored health insurance to lower health care costs.
What evidence is there to support this?
2.
(6) A. Describe how the “backlash against managed care” may
have resulted in higher health insurance premiums. B. Describe
how “provider consolidation” may have resulted in higher
health insurance premiums.
3.
(8) Dr. Bentley, Alabama’s new governor, is a proponent of
Consumer Directed Health Plans (CDHP) and has as yet
undisclosed plans to encourage their use in the state. In
anticipation of these plans, please do the following:
A.
Briefly summarize how a CDHP operates.
B.
Describe how such plans are supposed to achieve health care
cost savings.
C.
Summarize the extent of the evidence on how effective these
plans have been in reducing
2. health care spending.
D.
Discuss the nature of the adverse or favorable selection that
may arise in these types of plans.
4.
(8) It has been argued that larger out-of-pocket employee
premium contributions are the result of more two-earner
households in the labor market. Sketch out the economics
argument that leads to this result.
2011-3
1.
(8) Answer all of the following:
A.
How is the Medicare Hospital Insurance (HI) Trust Fund
financed?
B.
How is the Supplemental Medical Insurance (SMI) Trust Fund
financed?
C.
The Medicare program is often said to be in crisis by the year
2020 or so. How do the HI
and SMI Trust Funds affect this crisis? How do they affect the
broader issue of
government spending on entitlements?
2.
(7) Your widowed grandmother is 70 years old and is currently
3. covered by Medicare. Her health has been good but she worries
about ending up in a nursing home. She asks you if she should
buy long term care insurance. What do you advise her? (Be
sure to explain your advice.)
3.
(8) Your aunt will become eligible for Medicare later this year.
She is reasonably healthy. She understands Medicare Part A
and knows she will have to pay a premium for Part B coverage.
However, she is a bit unclear about Part D, Medicare Advantage
and Medigap coverage. In a brief note to her, summarize these
programs and offer her some advice on whether she should take
any or all of these. She is a smart lady and will expect you to
justify your recommendations.
4.
(7) Suppose the opticians in Alabama want the state to enact
legislation requiring that all private health insurance plans in
the state include coverage for eye exams, eyeglasses and contact
lenses. You are the health policy analyst for the governor.
Prepare a short memo discussing the extent to which such
legislation will actually expand insurance coverage for these
services and why.
2012-2
Answer all questions in the space provided. Point values are in
parentheses.
1.
(6) Information on the quality of health plans is valuable in its
own right. However, knowledge of health plan quality is argued
to increase employee price sensitivity with respect to health
plans as well. How is this so? What evidence do you have for
this effect?
4. 2.
(6) Some have argued that larger out-of-pocket employee
premium contributions are the result of more two-earner
households in the labor market. Sketch out the economic
argument for this result.
3.
(6) A number of managed care plans have identified “centers of
excellence” for the provision of high cost surgical procedures.
In some cases the managed care plans agree to pay travel costs
for the patient and a caregiver to go several hundred miles to
undergo the treatment. Discuss these practices in the context of
the principles of selective contracting.
4.
(6) Many health policy analysts have argued that the tax
treatment of employer sponsored health insurance is one of the
fundamental reasons for high health care costs in the U.S.
Trace the economic logic that leads from taxing employer-
sponsored health insurance as income to reducing health care
costs. What evidence can you bring to bear on this issue?
5.
(6) The advocates of consumer directed health plans (CDHPs)
argue that they will reduce health care spending and make
people more effective consumers of care. Describe the key
elements of a CDHP and sketch the argument for how it results
in lower spending. Summarize the evidence to date on the
effectiveness of these plans.
2012-3
Answer all questions in the space provided. (Point values in
parentheses.)
1.
5. (6) Many states are concerned about the pension and retiree
health benefits obligations that arise from the promises that the
states have made to state employees. Suppose the governor
asked you to summarize the options for reducing the state’s
obligations for retiree health insurance.
A. Describe the nature of retiree health benefits typically
provided to retirees by large public and private employers.
B. Suggest two proposals to reduce these costs to government.
Briefly indicate why/how each proposal would save money.
C. What are the labor market consequences, if any, of your
proposals in B?
2.
(8) Earlier this month the trustees of the Medicare Trust Fund
presented their annual report and indicated that the Trust Fund
will be exhausted by 2024, the same date as last year.
A. What does it mean to say that the “Trust Fund will be
exhausted”?
B. Over the years, people on each side of the political aisle have
proposed a “premium subsidy” plan to try to control Medicare’s
spending. What are the key features of a premium subsidy
plan? How is it supposed to reduce Medicare spending?
3.
(6) Your aunt is 60 and thinking about her retirement. Her
health is good, but she is on her own and wonders if she should
buy a long term care policy. What do you advise her? (Be sure
to explain your advice.)
4.
(10) The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)
6. gives states the opportunity to establish health insurance
exchanges.
A. Describe three key decisions (of many) that the states have
to make. Which option do you tentatively recommend for each
decision? Why?
B. Discuss three options the states have for paying for the costs
of running their exchange.
2013-2
Answer all questions in the space provided. (Point values are
given in parentheses.)
1.
(6) In recent weeks there have been press reports that health
care plans offered in the exchanges are likely to be dominated
by managed care plans with narrow panels of providers. What
advantage would a narrow panel managed care plan have in the
health insurance market? Why? What disadvantages? Why?
2.
(8) Some have argued that concentration in the health insurance
industry has led to lower provider prices. Others have argued
that hospital and physician consolidation in the last decade has
led to higher insurance premiums. Discuss the economic
rationale underlying each view point. Briefly summarize the
empirical evidence supporting or refuting each perspective.
3.
(6) You are a small employer with 120 full time employees.
You currently offer health insurance to your employees. Under
the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) you,
of course, are required to continue to offer coverage or pay a
penalty of $2,000 per worker (after the first 30). Some have
7. argued that a small employer like you will simply stop
providing health insurance and pay the penalty. Does this make
good economic sense? Provide an analysis.
4.
(6) Former head of the Council of Economic Advisors, Martin
Feldstein, has proposed that the federal tax code be revised to
cap the total amount of deductions and exemptions at, say, 2
percent of adjusted gross income. Employer-sponsored health
insurance is included among the exemptions. If this proposal
were to be implemented, what effect would it have on: (A) the
amount of health insurance obtained through employers? (B)
health care spending? (C) on money wages provided as
compensation? In each instance indicate why such an outcome
is expected.
5.
(4) Consumer directed health plans, i.e., high deductible health
plans with a health savings accounts (HSAs), are supposed to
reduce health care spending. What are the mechanisms whereby
this occurs? How big are the estimates of savings?
2013-3
Answer all questions in the space provided. Point values in
parentheses.
1.
(6) Earlier this month the Birmingham Business Journal
reported that many small businesses in Alabama were
converting to self-insurance in anticipation of the
implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care
Act (PPACA). If a small employer wanted to continue to offer
health insurance to his/her employees, what advantages does
self insurance give them? Would such a shift be of concern to a
small business (SHOP) exchange? Why? Aren’t small
employers too small to be self-insured?
8. 2.
(6) Most states have chosen (or defaulted) into the “market
facilitator” model of the individual health insurance exchange.
What are the key functions of this model? What is the
mechanism that is supposed to allow them to control the rate of
increase in health insurance premiums?
3.
(8) In a report released this spring, the Society of Actuaries
estimated that the implementation of the exchanges, as required
by the PPACA, would lead to very different levels of premium
increases in different states. Ohio and Wisconsin, for example,
were predicted to have average premium increases in the
neighborhood of 80 percent. In contrast, New York and
Vermont were predicted to have average premium decreases of
about 12 percent. Discuss two reasons why these states may see
such wide differences in the average premiums in their non-
group (i.e., individual) insurance markets.
4.
(6) Your aunt will become eligible for Medicare later this year.
She is reasonably healthy. She understands Medicare Part A
and knows she will have to pay a premium for Part B coverage.
However, she is a bit unclear about Part D, Medicare Advantage
and Medigap coverage. In a brief note to her, summarize these
programs and offer her some advice on whether she should take
any or all of these. She is a smart lady and will expect you to
justify your recommendations.
5.
(4) Suppose the implementation of the exchanges in the PPACA
had to be delayed for a year or two due to the complexity of
establishing the exchanges. Instead, the Congress decided to
continue the high risk pools that were intended to be a
transition to the full PPACA. Summarize what we know about
9. high risk pools. Who would be eligible for coverage? What
sort of coverage would be available? What sort of premiums
would be established? Would the premiums likely cover plan
costs?
2014-2
Answer all questions in the space provided. (Point values in
parentheses.)
1. (9) Discuss the four factors under which managed care firms
were found to be able to negotiate lower prices with hospitals.
Explain the concept of “reference pricing.” Discuss how it can
be thought of as a form of selective contracting. Finally,
explain how selective contracting could be employed in
contracting for “centers of excellence.”
2. (8) Many economists have argued that a key element in
“bending the cost curve” in health care is to change the tax
treatment of employer sponsored health insurance. Discuss how
changes in this tax treatment are supposed to lead to lower
health care costs. Some have argued that the “Cadillac Tax” on
generous employer sponsored health insurance plans is one of
the few cost control devices in the Affordable Care Act.
Describe this tax and how it’s supposed to control costs.
3. (6) The advocates of consumer directed health plans
(CDHPs) argue that they will reduce health care spending and
make people more effective consumers of care. Describe the
key elements of a CDHP and sketch the argument for how it
results in lower spending. Summarize the evidence to date on
the effectiveness of these plans.
4. (7) You are a small employer with 120 full time employees.
You currently offer health insurance to your employees. Under
the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) you, of
10. course, are required to continue to offer coverage or pay a
penalty of $2,000 per worker (after the first 30). Some have
argued that a small employer like you will simply stop
providing health insurance and pay the penalty. Does this make
good economic sense? Provide an analysis.
2014-3
Answer all questions in the space provided. Point values are in
parentheses.
1. (9) A key function of the health insurance exchanges is to
provide risk mitigation across the plans in the exchange. Even
though the premiums are not allowed to reflect health status, the
payments that the plans get will take risk into consideration.
Please describe each of the mechanisms that the ACA requires
to be used: transitional reinsurance, the risk-corridor program,
and the formal risk adjustment process.
2. (8) In a report released this spring, the Society of Actuaries
estimated that the implementation of the exchanges, as required
by the ACA, would lead to very different levels of premium
increases in different states. Ohio and Wisconsin, for example,
were predicted to have average premium increases in the
neighborhood of 80 percent. In contrast, New York and
Vermont were predicted to have average premium decreases of
about 12 percent. Discuss why these states may see such wide
differences in the average premiums in their non-group (i.e.,
individual) insurance markets.
3. (6) Your widowed grandmother is 65 years old and is now
covered by Medicare. Her health has been good but she worries
about ending up in a nursing home. She asks you if she should
buy long term care insurance. What do you advise her? (Be
sure to explain your advice.)
4. (7) There is good empirical evidence of “crowd-out” as it
11. affects Medicaid and CHIP [Children’s Health Insurance Plans].
Define crowd-out and discuss how it applies in states that have
expanded their Medicaid programs as a result of the ACA. Do
you think the ACA motivated effects for adults will be larger or
smaller in magnitude than those seen for the earlier Medicaid
and CHIP expansions for children? Why?
2015-2
Answer all questions in the space provided. Point values are in
parentheses.
1.
(6) A. Describe how the “backlash against managed care” may
have resulted in higher health insurance premiums. B. Describe
how “provider consolidation” may have resulted in higher
health insurance premiums.
2.
(6) Information on the quality of health plans is valuable in its
own right. However, knowledge of health plan quality is argued
to increase employee price sensitivity with respect to health
plans as well. How is this so? What evidence do you have for
this effect?
3.
(6) Many health policy analysts have argued that the tax
treatment of employer sponsored health insurance is one of the
fundamental reasons for high health care costs in the U.S.
Trace the economic logic that leads from taxing employer-
sponsored health insurance as income to reducing health care
costs. What evidence can you bring to bear on this issue?
4.
(6) Consumer directed health plans, i.e., high deductible health
plans with a health savings accounts (HSAs), are supposed to
12. reduce health care spending. What are the mechanisms whereby
this occurs? How big are the estimates of savings?
5.
(6) The typical single-worker health insurance plan offered by
employers costs about $6,000 per year. The Affordable Care
Act (ACA) requires larger employers to provide health
insurance to their workers or pay a $2,000 penalty per full-time
employee. Some have argued that larger employers, currently
providing coverage, will drop health insurance and simply pay
the $2,000 penalty, saving approximately $4,000 per worker per
year. Evaluate the economic soundness of this analysis.
2015-3
Answer all questions in the space provided. Point values are in
parentheses.
1.
(8) What are the key provisions of the Affordable Care Act that
apply to the small group market? What sort of changes do you
expect to see in that insurance market as a result of the
legislation? Why? These changes may relate to employers
offering coverage, premiums, sources of coverage, the effects of
the subsidies, etc.
2.
(8) Last fall the trustees of the Medicare Trust Fund presented
their annual report and indicated that the Trust Fund will be
exhausted by 2030.
A. What does it mean to say that the “Trust Fund will be
exhausted”?
B. Over the years, people on each side of the political aisle have
proposed a “premium subsidy” plan to try to control Medicare’s
spending. What are the key features of a premium subsidy
plan? How is it supposed to reduce Medicare spending?
13. 3.
(6) There is good empirical evidence of “crowd-out” as it
affects Medicaid and CHIP [Children’s Health Insurance
Programs]. Define crowd-out and discuss how it applies in
states that have expanded their Medicaid programs as a result of
the ACA. Do you think the ACA motivated effects for adults
will be larger or smaller in magnitude than those seen for the
earlier Medicaid and CHIP expansions for children? Why?
4.
(8) A key function of the health insurance exchanges is to
provide risk mitigation across the plans in the exchange. Even
though the premiums are not allowed to reflect health status, the
payments that the plans get will take risk into consideration.
Please describe each of the mechanisms that the ACA requires
to be used: transitional reinsurance, the risk-corridor program,
and the formal risk adjustment process.
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