2011 NetUG HH: ASP.NET MVC & HTML 5
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The document discusses ASP.NET MVC and some of its key concepts and advantages over traditional ASP.NET Web Forms. It notes that MVC enables clean separation of concerns, extensibility, clean URLs and HTML. Some key aspects of MVC covered include controllers, actions, routes, models, views, HTML helpers, validation, and areas. It emphasizes that MVC exposes the stateless nature of HTTP and makes the framework more testable compared to Web Forms.
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2011 NetUG HH: ASP.NET MVC & HTML 5
- 1. devcoach.com ASP.NET MVC & HTML 5 Daniel Fisher | devcoach
- 2. devcoach.com HTML 5 – A new Era? • … or back to the 90's
- 3. devcoach.com What is new? • HTML 5 – A few tags – … Less Markup • CSS 3 – Rounded corners – Drop shadow? – Media Queries – … Less Definition • EcmaScript 5 – Web Sockets – Server Sent Events – … Less Code
- 4. devcoach.com A new ASP.NET Style • It's not Web Forms!
- 5. devcoach.com What is there • Maintain Clean Separation of Concerns • Extensible and Pluggable • Enable clean URLs and HTML • Build on to of a mature platform
- 6. devcoach.com Whats the difference to Web Forms • File System Based • Event based Server Forms – Makes adoption easy for e.g. VB forms devs. – Process logic is coupled with page life-cycle. • Difficult to test using automated tests. • Server Controls – Easy because they render the HTML for you. – Often not so nice because they render it the way they want.
- 7. devcoach.com
- 8. devcoach.com What Do They Have In Common? • Visual Studio web designer • Master pages • Membership/Roles/Profile providers • Globalization • Caching
- 9. devcoach.com The MVC Pattern • The request hits the controller • Loads the model • Returns the view to return to the client Controller Model View
- 10. devcoach.com IIS sends Response ViewResult.Render ViewResult locates corresponding View ActionResult. ExecuteResult ActionResult builds ViewData / Model Controller.{Action}Controller.ExecuteIControllerFactory IHttpHandler. ProcessRequest MvcRouteHandler (IHttpHandler) IRouteHandler. GetHttpHandler URLRoutingModule IIS takes Request
- 11. devcoach.com First of all think of the URLs • It's in the nature of the pattern that it makes you think before you code!
- 12. devcoach.com Nice URLs • REST-like • Fits with the nature of the web – MVC exposes the stateless nature of HTTP • Friendlier to humans • Friendlier to web crawlers – Search engine optimization (SEO)
- 13. devcoach.com Defining Routes routes.Ignore("*.svc"); routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); routes.MapRoute( "Default", // Route name "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "" });
- 14. devcoach.com Default Parameters routes.Ignore("*.svc"); routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); routes.MapRoute( "Default", // Route name "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional });
- 15. devcoach.com Controllers • Base Controller Class – Basic Functionality most folks will use • IController Interface – Ultimate Control for the Control Freak • IControllerFactory – For plugging in your own stuff (IOC, etc)
- 16. devcoach.com Controller – Regular APIs public class Controller : IController { … protected virtual void Execute(ControllerContext controllerContext); protected virtual void HandleUnknownAction(string actionName); protected virtual bool InvokeAction(string actionName); protected virtual void InvokeActionMethod(MethodInfo methodInfo); protected virtual bool OnError(string actionName, MethodInfo methodInfo, Exception exception); protected virtual void OnActionExecuted(FilterExecutedContext filterContext); protected virtual bool OnActionExecuting(FilterExecutedContext filterContext); protected virtual void RedirectToAction(object values); protected virtual void RenderView(string viewName, string masterName, object viewData); }
- 17. devcoach.com Controllers & Actions public ActionResult Index() { return View(); }
- 18. devcoach.com Action Default Values public ActionResult View( [DefaultValue(1)] int page) { return View(); }
- 20. devcoach.com Action Attributes • HttpPost, HttpGet, HttpDelete, RequiresHttps • Authorize • ...
- 21. devcoach.com Action Filters • Allow code to be wrapped around controller actions and view results • Similar to HttpModules • Provide a mechanism for removing cross cutting code (logging, authorization, etc.) from controller classes
- 22. devcoach.com Action Filters public class MyFilter : ActionFilterAttribute { public override void OnActionExecuting( ActionExecutingContext filterContext) { // Your code here… } }
- 23. devcoach.com Passing Data public ActionResult Index() { ViewData["Message"] = "Welcome to ASP.NET MVC!"; return View(); }
- 24. devcoach.com Passing Dynamic Data public ActionResult Index() { ViewModel.Message = "Welcome to ASP.NET MVC!"; return View(); }
- 25. devcoach.com Passing Typed Data public ActionResult Index() { var p = new Person(); return View(p); }
- 26. devcoach.com Model Binder public ActionResult Save(Person p) { // No need to cope with Form/QueryString return View(p); }
- 27. devcoach.com Asyncronous Actions public class PortalController : AsyncController { public void NewsAsync(string city) { AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Increment(); NewsService newsService = new NewsService(); newsService.GetHeadlinesCompleted += (sender, e) => { AsyncManager.Parameters["headlines"] = e.Value; AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Decrement(); }; newsService.GetHeadlinesAsync(city); } public ActionResult NewsCompleted(string[] headlines) { return View( "News", new ViewStringModel { NewsHeadlines = headlines }); }
- 28. devcoach.com Value Provider namespace System.Web.Mvc { public interface IValueProvider { bool ContainsPrefix(string prefix); ValueProviderResult GetValue(string key); } }
- 29. devcoach.com Views • Pre-defined and extensible rendering helpers – Can use .ASPX, .ASCX, .MASTER, etc. – Can replace with other view technologies: • Template engines (NVelocity, Brail, …). • Output formats (images, RSS, JSON, …). • Mock out for testing. – Controller sets data on the View • Loosely typed or strongly typed data
- 30. devcoach.com ASPX Views Untyped <%@ Page Inherits="ViewPage<dynamic>" %> Typed <%@ Page Inherits="ViewPage<Product>" %>
- 32. devcoach.com View Engine public abstract class ViewEngineBase { public abstract void RenderView( ViewContext viewContext); }
- 33. devcoach.com View Engine • View Engines render output • You get WebForms by default • Can implement your own – MVCContrib has ones for Brail, Nvelocity – NHaml is an interesting one to watch • View Engines can be used to – Offer new DSLs to make HTML easier to write – Generate totally different mime/types • Images • RSS, JSON, XML, OFX, etc. • VCards, whatever.
- 34. devcoach.com ASPX Output • Response Write – <%= "<b>Text with markup</b>" %> • Html Encoding – <%: "<b>Text with encoded markup</b>"%>
- 35. devcoach.com Razor Output • Response Write – @(new HtmlString("<b>Text with markup</b>")) • Html Encoding – @"<b>Text with encoded markup</b>"
- 36. devcoach.com Html Helper • Html.Form() • Html.ActionLink() • Url.Content()
- 37. devcoach.com Strongly Typed Helpers • Html.TextBoxFor(m=>m.Name) • Html.TextAreaFor() • Html.ValidationMessageFor()
- 38. devcoach.com Templated Helpers • Display Helper Methods – Html.Display() – Html.DisplayFor() – Html.DisplayForModel() • Edit Helper Methods – Html.Editor() – Html.EditorFor() – Html.EditorForModel()
- 39. devcoach.com Assign Template • By Type: DateTime.ascx • By Name: Html.DisplayForModel(“MyTemplate.ascx”); • By UIHint [UIHint("MyPropertyTemplate")] public string Title { get; set; } [HiddenInput]
- 41. devcoach.com Rendered Actions Html.RenderAction() • Invokes action that renders UI – Menus – Banner Ads – Shopping Carts Any UI that appears in multiple pages and requires business logic
- 42. devcoach.com Areas AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); • Enables you to maintain a clear separation of functionality in a single project
- 43. devcoach.com Area Registration public class BlogAreaRegistration : AreaRegistration { public override string AreaName { get { return "blog"; } } public override void RegisterArea( AreaRegistrationContext context) { //Register Routes } }
- 44. devcoach.com Validation • Define rules in Model • Server Side Validation • Client Side Validation
- 45. devcoach.com Validation Providers • Data Annotation (Default) • Enterprise Library • XML • Anything you want…
- 46. devcoach.com Data Annotations • [Required] • [Range] • [RegularExpression] • [StringLength] • [CustomValidator]
- 47. devcoach.com Client Side Validation jQuery <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery-1.4.1.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> <% Html.EnableClientValidation(); %>
- 48. devcoach.com everything is extensible • Custom routing handlers (IRouteHandler) • Custom handlers (IHttpHandler) • Custom controllers (IController, IControllerFactory) • Custom views (IViewEngine ) • Custom view locator (IViewLocator) • Custom views (IViewDataContainer)