Sinom is a leading manufacturer for the heat exchangers.
If you are interested, please feel free to conatact us. emily@sinomgroup.com whatsapp: 0086 15081543320
Encouraging Reading of Diverse Political Viewpoints with a Browser WidgetSean Munson
The Internet gives individuals more choice in political news and information sources and more tools to filter out disagreeable information. Citing the preference described by selective exposure theory — people prefer information that supports their beliefs and avoid counter-attitudinal information — observers warn that people may use these tools to access only agreeable information and thus live in ideological echo chambers.
We report on a field deployment of a browser extension that showed users feedback about the political lean of their weekly and all time reading behaviors. Compared to a control group, showing feedback led to a modest move toward balanced exposure, corresponding to 1-2 visits per week to ideologically opposing sites or 5-10 additional visits per week to centrist sites.
Sinom is a leading manufacturer for the heat exchangers.
If you are interested, please feel free to conatact us. emily@sinomgroup.com whatsapp: 0086 15081543320
Encouraging Reading of Diverse Political Viewpoints with a Browser WidgetSean Munson
The Internet gives individuals more choice in political news and information sources and more tools to filter out disagreeable information. Citing the preference described by selective exposure theory — people prefer information that supports their beliefs and avoid counter-attitudinal information — observers warn that people may use these tools to access only agreeable information and thus live in ideological echo chambers.
We report on a field deployment of a browser extension that showed users feedback about the political lean of their weekly and all time reading behaviors. Compared to a control group, showing feedback led to a modest move toward balanced exposure, corresponding to 1-2 visits per week to ideologically opposing sites or 5-10 additional visits per week to centrist sites.
Phase Behaviour and EoS Modelling of the Carbon Dioxide-Hydrogen System, Martin Trusler, Imperial College London. Presented at CO2 Properties and EoS for Pipeline Engineering, 11th November 2014
Hydrogen Peroxide- Review of its Role as Part of a Mine Drainage Treatment St...Michael Hewitt, GISP
Jon Smoyer P.G., PA Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), “Hydrogen Peroxide- Review of its Role as Part of a Mine Drainage Treatment Strategy”
Hydrogen Peroxide has been used to oxidize and remove ferrous iron from mine drainage for decades. It is a relatively inexpensive and effective oxidant that can be used to achieve rapid ferrous iron oxidation in many active and semi-passive mine drainage treatment systems. This presentation outlines the physical properties, concentrations, and available delivery options for hydrogen peroxide.
PCM Thermal Energy Storage Systems; Ashrae 2004 Conference PaperZafer Ure
Thermal Energy Storage (TES) may be considered as a useful tool to reduce the number of refrigeration machinery by means of spreading the daytime load over 24 hours period. Hence, any type of TES systems can be consider as useful tool to reduce the overall environmental impact for a given cooling application.
This paper explores the use of eutectic, phase change materials for TES systems.
Sweetening and sulfur recovery of sour associated gas in the middle eastFrames
Effective and efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an essential step when sweetening gas for downstream processes. By simultaneously turning the captured hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur, a Frames THIOPAQ O&G system improves gas value, while creating a saleable chemical widely sought after in the agricultural and bulk chemical industry.
Topsoe wsa technology for small compact sulfuric acid production units - Hald...COBRAS
However, to comply with the still more stringent regulations being placed on the sulfuric acid industry to lower SO2 emissions, Topsøe has developed a new sulfuric acid catalyst designated VK-701 LEAP5™. This catalyst was introduced to the market in 2010. VK-701 LEAP5™ is based on a novel technology which circumvents the internal transport deficiencies of existing commercial sulfuric acid catalysts and thereby offers exceptionally high activity in strong gases. Since the introduction of this catalyst, sulfuric acid plants have used this catalyst to meet emission requirements lower than previously possible with any catalyst solution.
During Cobras, Topsoe will present examples on reducing SO2 emissions during both Start-up and steady operation, by implementing a tailor-made catalyst solution using VK59, VK69 and VK-701 LEAP5™.
Introduction and Theoretical Aspects
Catalyst Reduction and Start-up
Normal Operation and Troubleshooting
Shutdown and Catalyst Discharge
Nickel Carbonyl Hazard
Modern Methanation Catalyst Requirements
Isothermal Methanol Converter (IMC) UA Distribution AnalysisGerard B. Hawkins
Isothermal Methanol Converter (IMC) UA Distribution Analysis - Case Study: #0630416GB/H; ACME Co. 9,000 MTD MeOH
This converter uses plates instead of tubes to remove the heat from the reaction gas. The use of the plates and the orientation allow the heat transfer within the converter to be more accurately controlled to follow the maximum rate line.
This case study examines the Radial Flow – Isothermal Methanol Converter (IMC) for ACME Co. 9,000 MTD, based on the Casale Isothermal Methanol Converter (IMC) design.
1. José Luis Barrios Goicetty
Universidad de Oriente
Applied Science and Engineering School
Chemistry Department
Academic
Advisor
Yaneis Obando, MSc.
Industrial
Advisor
Rafael D’Elía
3. Introduction H2S Generation Project Development Application & Conclusions
• Sulfide stress cracking
• Hydrogen induced cracking
• Toxicity of the workplace
• Personnel risk
• Environmental footprint
• Mechanical Integrity of the facilities
• Increase of medium/long term
expenses and investments
Problems
Consequences
4. • No initial H2S
• Negligible for T > 140 ºF
• High temperature and pressure
• Aquous saturation
Introduction H2S Generation Project Development Application & Conclusions
• No initial H2S
• No anhydrite
5. Introduction H2S Generation Project Development Application & Conclusions
Steam Generator
Injector
Well
Tanks
Producer
Steam and
Condensed Water
Hot
Water Heavy
Oil
Water and
Hevy Oil
Zone
H2O
Heavy Oil
6. Introduction H2S Generation Project Development Application & Conclusions
1 Heavy oil
2 Water
3 HP/HT Reactor vessel
4 Temperature/Pressure controller
5 Flash separation vessel
6 Gasometer
7 Dragger tube for H2S
8 Asphaltene content (IP 143/2004)
7. Introduction H2S Generation Project Development Application & Conclusions
Pressure
< 1400 psi
Temperature
200 – 300 ºC
W/O Ratio
Aqueous saturation
Sand Presence
Interaction with the porous media
8. Introduction H2S Generation Project Development Application & Conclusions
Water/oil input into the reactor’s cell
Closure of the cell and placement on the oven
Temperature set-up and system’s pressurization
Sampling and flash separation
Storage of the gaseous phase
Dragger tube / Asphaltene content analyses
9. Introduction H2S Generation Project Development Application & Conclusions
Hydrogen Sulfide Asphaltene Content
S
A
M
P
L
E
I
S
A
M
P
L
E
II
H2S Concentration
<10 ppm
Exposure limit
100 ppm
Lethal (3-15 min)
>700ppm
Unconsciousness
10. Introduction H2S Generation Project Development Application & Conclusions
y = -5,9771E-04x + 8,0731E-02
R² = 8,5540E-01
y = -1,2726E-03x + 8,0404E-02
R² = 8,9464E-01
y = -8,9815E-04x + 8,0606E-02
R² = 8,8744E-01
0,072
0,073
0,074
0,075
0,076
0,077
0,078
0,079
0,080
0,081
0,082
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Casf(mol/L)
Tiempo de reacción (h)
225 ºC 250 ºC 275 ºC
y = -1,9317E-03x + 7,1833E-02
R² = 7,7905E-01
y = -3,1947E-03x + 6,8869E-02
R² = 9,5633E-01
y = -2,0595E-03x + 6,9416E-02
R² = 9,6925E-01
0,045
0,050
0,055
0,060
0,065
0,070
0,075
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Casf(mol/L)
Tiempo de reacción (h)
225 ºC 250 ºC 275 ºC
y = 7,5326E-03x + 2,5167E+00
R² = 8,5735E-01
y = 1,6468E-02x + 2,5208E+00
R² = 8,9976E-01
y = 1,1451E-02x + 2,5183E+00
R² = 8,9092E-01
2,500
2,520
2,540
2,560
2,580
2,600
2,620
2,640
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-Ln(Casf)
Tiempo de reacción (h)
225ºC 250ºC 275ºC
y = 3,0144E-02x + 2,6305E+00
R² = 7,7667E-01
y = 5,3283E-02x + 2,6744E+00
R² = 9,7114E-01
y = 3,2345E-02x + 2,6671E+00
R² = 9,7733E-01
2,600
2,650
2,700
2,750
2,800
2,850
2,900
2,950
3,000
3,050
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-Ln(Casf)
Tiempo de reacción (h)
225ºC 250ºC 275ºC
y = 9,4944E-02x + 1,2388E+01
R² = 8,5931E-01
y = 2,1327E-01x + 1,2441E+01
R² = 9,0490E-01
y = 1,4605E-01x + 1,2408E+01
R² = 8,9441E-01
12,20
12,40
12,60
12,80
13,00
13,20
13,40
13,60
13,80
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1/Casf(L·mol-1)
Tiempo de reacción (h)
225ºC 250ºC 275ºC
y = 4,7167E-01x + 1,3834E+01
R² = 7,7441E-01
y = 8,9627E-01x + 1,4477E+01
R² = 9,8343E-01
y = 5,0959E-01x + 1,4386E+01
R² = 9,8436E-01
13,00
14,00
15,00
16,00
17,00
18,00
19,00
20,00
21,00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1/Casf(L·mol-1)
Tiempo de reacción (h)
225ºC 250ºC 275ºC
y = 2,3938E+00x + 1,5349E+02
R² = 8,6129E-01
y = 5,5283E+00x + 1,5482E+02
R² = 9,1003E-01
y = 3,7270E+00x + 1,5399E+02
R² = 8,9791E-01
145,00
150,00
155,00
160,00
165,00
170,00
175,00
180,00
185,00
190,00
195,00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1/Casf(L2·mol-2)
Tiempo de reacción (h)
225 ºC 250 ºC 275 ºC
y = 1,4801E+01x + 1,8986E+02
R² = 7,7229E-01
y = 3,0409E+01x + 2,0833E+02
R² = 9,9260E-01
y = 1,6107E+01x + 2,0656E+02
R² = 9,9021E-01
160,00
210,00
260,00
310,00
360,00
410,00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1/Casf(L2·mol-2)
Tiempo de reacción (h)
225 ºC 250 ºC 275 ºC
n=1 n=2 n=3n=0
S
A
M
P
L
E
I
S
A
M
P
L
E
II
11. 200 – 300
1 3,5·1015 209
2 1,1·1015 181
3 1,5·107 102
4 2,1·1023 327
5 1,2·106 97
Belgrave y Col.
(1994)
(*) Units vary depending on the value on n
200 – 300
I 4,7·1013 137
II 2,0·1038 385
T
(ºC)
Sample
A
(*)
Ea·10-3
(KJ/Kmol)
Barrios.
(2009)
Introduction H2S Generation Project Development Application & Conclusions
13. Initial asphaltene content did not show a direct relation with hydrogen sulfide
generation
Hydrogen sulfide generation through aquatermolysis is feasible in the temperature
range between 225-275 ºC, reaching a maximum at 250 ºC (for the studied samples)
The estimation of hydrogen sulfide generation is feasible through the experimental
procedure designed in this work.
Hydrogen sulfide estimations, obtained from an experimental procedure such as
described in this work, are specific for each fluid as they depend on composition and
the fluid properties
Due to the important effect it has over the operations, estimations of H2S generation
must be included in every steam injection project
Introduction H2S Generation Project Development Application & Conclusions
14. Rafael D’Elía (Schlumberger)
Yaneis Obando, MSc (U de Oriente)