This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences:
Orkut remains the leading social networking site in India with 17 million users, far surpassing Facebook's 7.4 million users, despite the popularity of sites like Facebook and Twitter. Orkut started as a Google project and appeals to India's large youth demographic as well as people in smaller cities who see it as aspirational, while some see it as outdated compared to Facebook or niche compared to Twitter. Migration between sites occurs but Orkut maintains a large user base due to its early start and accessibility over other platforms like Twitter that require a computer.
1) O documento discute a gripe A e seus riscos para crianças, enfatizando a importância de medidas preventivas como lavar as mãos e evitar contato com pessoas doentes.
2) Um estudo mostrou que a exposição de bebês ao fumo de tabaco aumenta infecções devido à sua imunidade fraca, mas aleitamento materno pode ajudar a protegê-los.
3) Aprender a linguagem do choro de bebês através do método Dunstan pode ajudar pais a
This document summarizes the services offered by a printing company called Express Graphics. They offer graphic design, digital and offset printing, promotional products, mailing services, and guaranteed service. Their guaranteed service policy includes on-time delivery, quality assurance, accurate quotes with no surprises, ensuring printing is the best solution, and making things right if any mistakes occur. They aim to make customers their focus and take pride in high quality work.
Mentioning that this new amendments would cause some delay in the Bharti-MTN merger plan, Mr Jagannadham Thunuguntla, the equity head of SMC Capital, said: “For completing this merger, Bharti and MTN will now have to do some tinkering in their proposed structure of merger. If they do not change the proposed structure of merger then the open offer will be mandatory for them.”
This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences:
Orkut remains the leading social networking site in India with 17 million users, far surpassing Facebook's 7.4 million users, despite the popularity of sites like Facebook and Twitter. Orkut started as a Google project and appeals to India's large youth demographic as well as people in smaller cities who see it as aspirational, while some see it as outdated compared to Facebook or niche compared to Twitter. Migration between sites occurs but Orkut maintains a large user base due to its early start and accessibility over other platforms like Twitter that require a computer.
1) O documento discute a gripe A e seus riscos para crianças, enfatizando a importância de medidas preventivas como lavar as mãos e evitar contato com pessoas doentes.
2) Um estudo mostrou que a exposição de bebês ao fumo de tabaco aumenta infecções devido à sua imunidade fraca, mas aleitamento materno pode ajudar a protegê-los.
3) Aprender a linguagem do choro de bebês através do método Dunstan pode ajudar pais a
This document summarizes the services offered by a printing company called Express Graphics. They offer graphic design, digital and offset printing, promotional products, mailing services, and guaranteed service. Their guaranteed service policy includes on-time delivery, quality assurance, accurate quotes with no surprises, ensuring printing is the best solution, and making things right if any mistakes occur. They aim to make customers their focus and take pride in high quality work.
Mentioning that this new amendments would cause some delay in the Bharti-MTN merger plan, Mr Jagannadham Thunuguntla, the equity head of SMC Capital, said: “For completing this merger, Bharti and MTN will now have to do some tinkering in their proposed structure of merger. If they do not change the proposed structure of merger then the open offer will be mandatory for them.”
Digital Transformation for Smart ProjectorYi-Cheng Tsai
This document discusses opportunities for smart projectors from BenQ to leverage artificial intelligence and user behavior data. It summarizes findings from analyzing usage data collected from BenQ projectors.
The analysis found that most user behavior matched assumptions, but some additional scenarios were discovered. It led to revisions in the projection tutorial and plans to optimize for intermediate users. There is also an opportunity to provide customized services by changing the interface based on status and recommending content using algorithms. This could help BenQ become a leader in the projector market like Tesla in automobiles.
Executive function in everyday life implications for young cochlear implant u...Yi-Cheng Tsai
This document discusses a study that examined executive function in young cochlear implant users. The study assessed areas of executive function vulnerability using a parent rating scale and related these to speech and language outcomes. Results showed difficulties in inhibition, working memory, and behavioral regulation. Deficits in working memory may impact tasks with high cognitive loads like understanding speech in noise. The findings suggest early auditory deprivation can impact neurocognitive development with downstream effects on language and speech.
One year -old infants follow others' voice directionYi-Cheng Tsai
1) One-year-old infants can follow the direction of an unseen adult's voice to locate an object, demonstrating their ability to discern voice directionality without visual cues.
2) In a follow-up study, 16-month-olds continued to successfully locate objects based on voice direction even when the speaker was positioned opposite to the target, indicating they were following voice direction rather than just approaching the sound source.
3) While 12-month-olds also performed above chance overall, their ability was less robust, showing emerging but not fully developed skills in following voice direction. In contrast, chimpanzees did not demonstrate an ability to use voice direction to locate objects.
The influence of lexical knowledge on phoneme discrimination in deaf children...Yi-Cheng Tsai
1. CI children showed poorer phoneme discrimination compared to NH children, especially for place of articulation and nasality features which rely more on temporal fine structure cues that CIs poorly encode.
2. Both CI and NH children showed similar lexical effects, with better word than pseudoword discrimination, suggesting similar influence of lexical knowledge on speech perception abilities.
3. The deficits in phoneme discrimination seen in CI children may be due to limitations in encoding temporal fine structure cues and individual differences in CI signal processing across devices.
Auditory, visual, and auditory visual perception of emotions by individuals w...Yi-Cheng Tsai
This study examined the perception of emotions through auditory, visual, and auditory-visual modes in individuals with cochlear implants, hearing aids, and normal hearing. It found that individuals with normal hearing performed best in emotion perception, while cochlear implant users did not demonstrate an advantage over hearing aid users. While auditory-visual perception was better than single modes for normal hearing individuals, hearing loss individuals could not benefit from additional auditory information in the combined mode. Visual information dominated the combined mode. Perception scores correlated with age, as older participants performed better.
1) The document discusses the perceptual load theory of attention, which proposes that early selection of visual information occurs under conditions of high perceptual load (many relevant items), while late selection occurs under low load (few relevant items).
2) Studies manipulating perceptual load through varying display size or number of relevant items provide evidence that irrelevant distractors are only processed under conditions of low load.
3) Both the level of perceptual load and the physical distinctiveness between relevant and irrelevant items determine whether early or late selection will occur in visual attention.
Automatic processing can lead to action slips when tasks become habitual. Reason categorized common types of action slips as storage failures, test failures, sub-routine failures, discrimination failures, and program assembly failures. Later theories tried to explain action slips, but had limitations. For example, Sellen and Norman's schema theory did not account for slips under deliberate control, and Reason's open-loop/closed-loop model could not explain slips in closed-loop situations. Improving sustained attention through training may help reduce slips.
The document discusses theories of visual attention control, representation, and time course. It summarizes that attention can be controlled in a top-down, goal-directed manner or in a bottom-up, stimulus-driven way, and these interact. Feature singletons and abrupt onsets sometimes do or do not capture attention depending on the observer's goals. The representational basis of attention includes objects and their parts. The time course of attention includes how quickly it can be directed or moved, and how long it dwells at locations during tasks like visual search or rapid serial visual presentation.
Pattern recognition involves quickly and accurately recognizing objects from different angles, even when partly hidden. Theories of pattern recognition include template matching, feature analysis, and prototype theories. Template matching involves matching external stimuli to internal templates, but has problems accounting for new variations. Feature analysis examines individual features through stages like feature demons and decision demons, but fails to account for context. Prototype theory matches stimuli to abstract prototypes like the average or most common attributes. Both top-down and bottom-up processing are involved in pattern recognition.
The document discusses early theories of focused attention, including Broadbent's filter model where a filter blocks some information, Treisman's attenuator model where information is attenuated but not blocked, and Deutsch and Deutsch's late selection pertinence model where all information is processed and selection occurs later based on relevance. Later research found issues with assuming a single channel and supported models with multiple stages of processing to avoid overloading limited capacity.
This document provides an overview of attention and pattern recognition. It discusses what attention is, including focused attention which allows us to pick out information from a mass of data, and divided attention which allows us to allocate attention to multiple tasks simultaneously. It also looks at how attention and pattern recognition are studied, through methods like dichotic listening tasks and diary studies. Finally, it briefly introduces pattern recognition and the information processing approach.
This document summarizes theories of divided attention from psychological literature. It describes dual task experiments and factors like task similarity, difficulty, and practice that influence performance. Early theories proposed either a single, limited central processor (Kahneman) or multiple specialized modules (Allport). Later theories like multiple resource theory (Navon & Gopher) and Baddeley's model of working memory provided a synthesis, combining a central executive with modality-specific subsystems to better explain dual task findings. However, all theories have limitations in fully specifying the cognitive architecture underlying divided attention.
The Advantage Of Being Left Handed In Interactive SportsYi-Cheng Tsai
1. Left-handed athletes have been shown to have an advantage in interactive sports such as tennis, with left-handers making up a disproportionately high percentage of top players.
2. One theory for this advantage is the "negative perceptual frequency effects" hypothesis, which suggests that right-handed athletes are less practiced at perceiving and predicting movements from left-handed opponents.
3. A study tested this by having right and left-handed participants with different levels of tennis experience try to predict the direction and depth of tennis shots from video clips of both right and left-handed players. It found support for the idea that the ability to perceive left-handed movements is less developed.
Digital Transformation for Smart ProjectorYi-Cheng Tsai
This document discusses opportunities for smart projectors from BenQ to leverage artificial intelligence and user behavior data. It summarizes findings from analyzing usage data collected from BenQ projectors.
The analysis found that most user behavior matched assumptions, but some additional scenarios were discovered. It led to revisions in the projection tutorial and plans to optimize for intermediate users. There is also an opportunity to provide customized services by changing the interface based on status and recommending content using algorithms. This could help BenQ become a leader in the projector market like Tesla in automobiles.
Executive function in everyday life implications for young cochlear implant u...Yi-Cheng Tsai
This document discusses a study that examined executive function in young cochlear implant users. The study assessed areas of executive function vulnerability using a parent rating scale and related these to speech and language outcomes. Results showed difficulties in inhibition, working memory, and behavioral regulation. Deficits in working memory may impact tasks with high cognitive loads like understanding speech in noise. The findings suggest early auditory deprivation can impact neurocognitive development with downstream effects on language and speech.
One year -old infants follow others' voice directionYi-Cheng Tsai
1) One-year-old infants can follow the direction of an unseen adult's voice to locate an object, demonstrating their ability to discern voice directionality without visual cues.
2) In a follow-up study, 16-month-olds continued to successfully locate objects based on voice direction even when the speaker was positioned opposite to the target, indicating they were following voice direction rather than just approaching the sound source.
3) While 12-month-olds also performed above chance overall, their ability was less robust, showing emerging but not fully developed skills in following voice direction. In contrast, chimpanzees did not demonstrate an ability to use voice direction to locate objects.
The influence of lexical knowledge on phoneme discrimination in deaf children...Yi-Cheng Tsai
1. CI children showed poorer phoneme discrimination compared to NH children, especially for place of articulation and nasality features which rely more on temporal fine structure cues that CIs poorly encode.
2. Both CI and NH children showed similar lexical effects, with better word than pseudoword discrimination, suggesting similar influence of lexical knowledge on speech perception abilities.
3. The deficits in phoneme discrimination seen in CI children may be due to limitations in encoding temporal fine structure cues and individual differences in CI signal processing across devices.
Auditory, visual, and auditory visual perception of emotions by individuals w...Yi-Cheng Tsai
This study examined the perception of emotions through auditory, visual, and auditory-visual modes in individuals with cochlear implants, hearing aids, and normal hearing. It found that individuals with normal hearing performed best in emotion perception, while cochlear implant users did not demonstrate an advantage over hearing aid users. While auditory-visual perception was better than single modes for normal hearing individuals, hearing loss individuals could not benefit from additional auditory information in the combined mode. Visual information dominated the combined mode. Perception scores correlated with age, as older participants performed better.
1) The document discusses the perceptual load theory of attention, which proposes that early selection of visual information occurs under conditions of high perceptual load (many relevant items), while late selection occurs under low load (few relevant items).
2) Studies manipulating perceptual load through varying display size or number of relevant items provide evidence that irrelevant distractors are only processed under conditions of low load.
3) Both the level of perceptual load and the physical distinctiveness between relevant and irrelevant items determine whether early or late selection will occur in visual attention.
Automatic processing can lead to action slips when tasks become habitual. Reason categorized common types of action slips as storage failures, test failures, sub-routine failures, discrimination failures, and program assembly failures. Later theories tried to explain action slips, but had limitations. For example, Sellen and Norman's schema theory did not account for slips under deliberate control, and Reason's open-loop/closed-loop model could not explain slips in closed-loop situations. Improving sustained attention through training may help reduce slips.
The document discusses theories of visual attention control, representation, and time course. It summarizes that attention can be controlled in a top-down, goal-directed manner or in a bottom-up, stimulus-driven way, and these interact. Feature singletons and abrupt onsets sometimes do or do not capture attention depending on the observer's goals. The representational basis of attention includes objects and their parts. The time course of attention includes how quickly it can be directed or moved, and how long it dwells at locations during tasks like visual search or rapid serial visual presentation.
Pattern recognition involves quickly and accurately recognizing objects from different angles, even when partly hidden. Theories of pattern recognition include template matching, feature analysis, and prototype theories. Template matching involves matching external stimuli to internal templates, but has problems accounting for new variations. Feature analysis examines individual features through stages like feature demons and decision demons, but fails to account for context. Prototype theory matches stimuli to abstract prototypes like the average or most common attributes. Both top-down and bottom-up processing are involved in pattern recognition.
The document discusses early theories of focused attention, including Broadbent's filter model where a filter blocks some information, Treisman's attenuator model where information is attenuated but not blocked, and Deutsch and Deutsch's late selection pertinence model where all information is processed and selection occurs later based on relevance. Later research found issues with assuming a single channel and supported models with multiple stages of processing to avoid overloading limited capacity.
This document provides an overview of attention and pattern recognition. It discusses what attention is, including focused attention which allows us to pick out information from a mass of data, and divided attention which allows us to allocate attention to multiple tasks simultaneously. It also looks at how attention and pattern recognition are studied, through methods like dichotic listening tasks and diary studies. Finally, it briefly introduces pattern recognition and the information processing approach.
This document summarizes theories of divided attention from psychological literature. It describes dual task experiments and factors like task similarity, difficulty, and practice that influence performance. Early theories proposed either a single, limited central processor (Kahneman) or multiple specialized modules (Allport). Later theories like multiple resource theory (Navon & Gopher) and Baddeley's model of working memory provided a synthesis, combining a central executive with modality-specific subsystems to better explain dual task findings. However, all theories have limitations in fully specifying the cognitive architecture underlying divided attention.
The Advantage Of Being Left Handed In Interactive SportsYi-Cheng Tsai
1. Left-handed athletes have been shown to have an advantage in interactive sports such as tennis, with left-handers making up a disproportionately high percentage of top players.
2. One theory for this advantage is the "negative perceptual frequency effects" hypothesis, which suggests that right-handed athletes are less practiced at perceiving and predicting movements from left-handed opponents.
3. A study tested this by having right and left-handed participants with different levels of tennis experience try to predict the direction and depth of tennis shots from video clips of both right and left-handed players. It found support for the idea that the ability to perceive left-handed movements is less developed.