2- Match the arrows with the terms- Some arrows may be associated with.docx
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2. Match the arrows with the terms. Some arrows may be associated with more than one term. (X pts) 1. viny!7. sec-butyl13. methyl19. quatenary 2. allyl8.t-butyl 3. propargyl9. neopentyl_ 4. phenyl10. quarternary 5. benzyl11. isopropyl 6, primary amine 12. isobutyl ammonium ion 14. methylene 15. methine 16. primary_ 17. secondary 18. tertiary 20. tertiary amine_ 21. secondary amine entire group entire group entire group i entire group only the N NH2 NH only the atom only the atom entire only the group atom entire group r entire group Solution 1. Vinyl - o 2. Allyl- k 3. Propargyl - q 4. Phenyl - r 5. Benzyl - g 6. Primary amine - f 7. Sec-butyl - j 8. t-butyl - e 9. Neopentyl - b 10. Quarternary - a 11. Isopropyl - n 12. Isobutyl - d 13. Methyl - n 14. Methylene - l 15. Methine - m 16. Primary - p 17. Secondary - l 18. Tertiary - m 19. Quarternary ammonium ion - i 20. Tertiary amine - c 21. Secondary amine - h .
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In a symmetric multiprocessor configuration- AH processors can perform.docx
In a symmetric multiprocessor configuration: AH processors can perform the same copy a program at the same time AH processors can perform the same types of functions Each processor has its own OS Each processor has its own set of I/O devises In SMP OS: Any processor may perform scheduling Only Master processor may perform scheduling Memory and process management must be done by different processors I/O management is a function of a special dedicated processor We can say that multiprocessor OS supports fault tolerance if: The operating system \'does not pay attention \" to the HW failure of a single processor The operating system controls only error signals from the external devices The operating system provides graceful degradation in the face of processor failure. The operating systems reacts only on error messages from the user programs HW-based cache coherence solutions used to recognize: The dynamic recognition at run time of potential inconsistency conditions HW errors in the cache Duplication of the data item in the cache The correct execution of the write operation in the cache What is wrong? The duster Is: A group of interconnected whole computers working together as a unified computing resource A group of separate computers used to solve one big task The alternative to SMP as an approach to providing high performance The alternative to SMP as an approach to providing high availability 20. If in multiprocessor system access time for a processor differs depending on which region of main memory is being accessed, we call memory access:
Solution
Answers:
15) 1
16) 1
17) 3
18) 1
19) 2
20) 4
.
In consumer behavior we discussed innovators- opinion leaders- and mar.docx
In consumer behavior we discussed innovators, opinion leaders, and market mavens who may have an influence over our purchase decisions. There is a similar concept discussed for organizational buyer behavior. Describe the concept and how it relates to the CB concepts.
Solution
In consumer behavior we discussed innovators, opinion leaders, and market mavens who may have an influence over our purchase decisions. There is a similar concept discussed for organizational buyer behavior. Describe the concept and how it relates to the CB concepts.
In consumer behavior, the main entities that can influence the purchase decision of a consumer are: 1) innovators are the one who are basically risk takers. The main attribute of them are the fact that they are able to absorb the financial cost as well as the social cost of adopting the unsuccessful products. They are the one who extensively use commercial media, cosmopolitan in their outlook, uses professional source for getting information, etc. 2) Market mavens are the individuals who provide wide amount of information about the different kinds of products and services. They basically foster information related to product quality, features, availability, price and sales. Extroverted, conscientious, and extensive use of media are some of the main characteristics of market mavens. 3) Opinion leaders are the one who basically provides information about a particular product or activities. They are having more status than that of their followers and are socially active (Hawkins, Mothersbaugh and Best, 2012). In contrast to innovators, opinion leaders and market mavens that may affect consumer purchase decision are buying center that affects the organizations
.
In chapter 2- 5 objectives of memory management were discussed- In Cha.docx
In chapter 2, 5 objectives of memory management were discussed. In Chapter 7 the 5 requirements are discussed. How does each Chapter 2 objective match to a Chapter 7 requirement?
Solution
After studying chapter 7 learning objectives, you should be able to:
Memory management is intended to satisfy the following requirements:
Relocation :
Programmers typically do not know in advance which other programs will be resident in main memory at the time of execution of their program.
Protection:
Processes need to acquire permission to reference memory locations for reading or writing purposes.
Sharing:
Advantageous to allow each process access to the same copy of the program rather than have their own separate copy.
Logical organization:
Physical organization:
Memory available for a program plus its data may be insufficient and overlying allows various modules to be assigned the same region of memory but is time consuming to program.
.
In certain chlorophyll cofactors the Mg2+ is axially coordinated by th.docx
In certain chlorophyll cofactors the Mg2+ is axially coordinated by the S-atom of a methionine. This is odd considering that Mg2+ is considered to be a “hard acid†cation. Why would water molecules be a more natural choice for coordination to the Mg2+ than sulfur? What is it then about this protein and its structure that makes the Mg-S coordination happen?
Solution
Mg 2+ is the bound central metal ion in chlorophyll which is the major photosynthetic pigment.In chlorophyll Mg 2+ is chelated equatorially by tetrapyrrolic macrocycle.One of the two axial position is occupied mainly by histidine residue and other by O-donors,N-donors or S atom.
According to Pearson classification Mg 2+belongs to hard ions and it\'s ionic radius is relatively small.It forms stable complexes with O- donors like H2O while less stable complexes with N donors or S atom.Since water is a polar molecule and is electron rich and also the distance between Mg 2+ and water is found to be 2.06 A° which is smaller compared to the others.
Also the water and Mg bond is electrostatic in nature.All this makes water and Mg 2+ coordination more stronger and preferred over S atom.
S is also being an electron rich ..it can also form bond with Mg 2+. These has been explained on the basis of Density functional theory which gives the distance between Mg 2+ and Water and S atom.
.
In c- Topic pointers Why do they call it dereferencing- As in derefer.docx
In c,
Topic pointers
Why do they call it dereferencing? As in dereferencing the pointer. Where does that name come from?
In c,
Topic pointers
Why do they call it dereferencing? As in dereferencing the pointer. Where does that name come from?
Topic pointers
Why do they call it dereferencing? As in dereferencing the pointer. Where does that name come from?
Solution
a.) A pointer is a variable that consists the address in memory of another variable. The deference of a pointer gives the contents of an object pointed to by the pointer.
b.) Through this we are accessing a variable indirectly. De- prefix mostly comes from the latin preposition meaning from. Dereferencing takes asway the reference and gives us what we are actually referring to.
c.) The unary operator * is the dereferecing operator ,which helps in accessing the object the pointer points to.
d.) Example:
typedef  struct X{int i_; double d_;} X;
XÂ Â Â x;
X*Â Â p= &x;
p->d_=3.15576;Â Â Â Â // dereferencing and accessing the data member x.d_
(*p).d_*=-1;
.
In C++ a function used to put data into a stack is typically called a.docx
In C++ a function used to put data into a stack is typically called a what?
Solution
Push function used to put data into a stack
A Stack is a data structure which works on the principle LIFO(Last In, First Out).The basic operations in a Stack are :
1. Push : In which we push the data into the stack.
2. Pop : In which we remove an element from the Stack.
All insertions and removals are done only from one side of the Stack , which is called the \'top\' of the Stack.
A stack is generally used in function calls where the local variables are pushed onto the Stack and when the function returns ,
it pops the variables from the Stack.
// Push operation to insert an element on top of stack.
void Push(int x)
{
if(top == MAX_SIZE -1) { // overflow case.
cout<<\"Error: stack overflow\ \";
return;
}
A[++top] = x;
}
.
In C Programming create a program that converts a number from decimal.docx
In C Programming create a program that converts a number from decimal to binary. You must use a stack to complete this assignment. • Void pop() • Void push(int data) • Int top() • Int isEmpty() You must create an implementation of a stack. You may use either an array or a linked list as the underlying structure. You will, at a minimum, need to implement the following stack functions: Your program should take decimal input from the user, and convert it to binary, and simply print it out.
Solution
normal program
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
long int decimalNumber,remainder,quotient;
int binaryNumber[100],i=1,j;
printf(\"Enter any decimal number: \");
scanf(\"%ld\",&decimalNumber);
quotient = decimalNumber;
while(quotient!=0){
binaryNumber[i++]= quotient % 2;
quotient = quotient / 2;
}
printf(\"Equivalent binary value of decimal number %d: \",decimalNumber);
for(j = i -1 ;j> 0;j--)
printf(\"%d\",binaryNumber[j]);
return 0;
}
using stack
.
In an alternative universe- all rules governing quantum numbers and th.docx
In an alternative universe, all rules governing quantum numbers and the periodic table are exactly the same as our universe EXCEPT that m l = 0 --> l + 2 (due to font issues: zero to the letter L plus 2)
Answer the following:
What changes are made to the appearance of the periodic table (how have the s, p, d and f blocks changed and what does that do to the table)?
What is the 2nd noble gas in the alternate universe?
Solution
Answer -
M l = 0 to l+2
for n=1 ; l= n-1 = 0;
M l =0 to l+2 = 0,1,2
Hence there is 3 subshell in s orbital which occupy 6 electron.
in the same way;
for n=2
l=2-1=1
M l = 0 to l+2 = 0,1,2,3
p-orbital occupy 8 electrons.
n=3
l=2
M l = 0 to l+2 = 0.1.2.3.4
d have 10 electron.
n=4
l=3
M l = 0 to l+2 = 0,1,2,3,4,5
f occupy 12 electron
Second noble gas = 6(1s) +6(2s) +8(2p) =20th element is second noble gas = which is calcium, Ca
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In a symmetric multiprocessor configuration- AH processors can perform.docx
In a symmetric multiprocessor configuration: AH processors can perform the same copy a program at the same time AH processors can perform the same types of functions Each processor has its own OS Each processor has its own set of I/O devises In SMP OS: Any processor may perform scheduling Only Master processor may perform scheduling Memory and process management must be done by different processors I/O management is a function of a special dedicated processor We can say that multiprocessor OS supports fault tolerance if: The operating system \'does not pay attention \" to the HW failure of a single processor The operating system controls only error signals from the external devices The operating system provides graceful degradation in the face of processor failure. The operating systems reacts only on error messages from the user programs HW-based cache coherence solutions used to recognize: The dynamic recognition at run time of potential inconsistency conditions HW errors in the cache Duplication of the data item in the cache The correct execution of the write operation in the cache What is wrong? The duster Is: A group of interconnected whole computers working together as a unified computing resource A group of separate computers used to solve one big task The alternative to SMP as an approach to providing high performance The alternative to SMP as an approach to providing high availability 20. If in multiprocessor system access time for a processor differs depending on which region of main memory is being accessed, we call memory access:
Solution
Answers:
15) 1
16) 1
17) 3
18) 1
19) 2
20) 4
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In consumer behavior we discussed innovators- opinion leaders- and mar.docx
In consumer behavior we discussed innovators, opinion leaders, and market mavens who may have an influence over our purchase decisions. There is a similar concept discussed for organizational buyer behavior. Describe the concept and how it relates to the CB concepts.
Solution
In consumer behavior we discussed innovators, opinion leaders, and market mavens who may have an influence over our purchase decisions. There is a similar concept discussed for organizational buyer behavior. Describe the concept and how it relates to the CB concepts.
In consumer behavior, the main entities that can influence the purchase decision of a consumer are: 1) innovators are the one who are basically risk takers. The main attribute of them are the fact that they are able to absorb the financial cost as well as the social cost of adopting the unsuccessful products. They are the one who extensively use commercial media, cosmopolitan in their outlook, uses professional source for getting information, etc. 2) Market mavens are the individuals who provide wide amount of information about the different kinds of products and services. They basically foster information related to product quality, features, availability, price and sales. Extroverted, conscientious, and extensive use of media are some of the main characteristics of market mavens. 3) Opinion leaders are the one who basically provides information about a particular product or activities. They are having more status than that of their followers and are socially active (Hawkins, Mothersbaugh and Best, 2012). In contrast to innovators, opinion leaders and market mavens that may affect consumer purchase decision are buying center that affects the organizations
.
In chapter 2- 5 objectives of memory management were discussed- In Cha.docx
In chapter 2, 5 objectives of memory management were discussed. In Chapter 7 the 5 requirements are discussed. How does each Chapter 2 objective match to a Chapter 7 requirement?
Solution
After studying chapter 7 learning objectives, you should be able to:
Memory management is intended to satisfy the following requirements:
Relocation :
Programmers typically do not know in advance which other programs will be resident in main memory at the time of execution of their program.
Protection:
Processes need to acquire permission to reference memory locations for reading or writing purposes.
Sharing:
Advantageous to allow each process access to the same copy of the program rather than have their own separate copy.
Logical organization:
Physical organization:
Memory available for a program plus its data may be insufficient and overlying allows various modules to be assigned the same region of memory but is time consuming to program.
.
In certain chlorophyll cofactors the Mg2+ is axially coordinated by th.docx
In certain chlorophyll cofactors the Mg2+ is axially coordinated by the S-atom of a methionine. This is odd considering that Mg2+ is considered to be a “hard acid†cation. Why would water molecules be a more natural choice for coordination to the Mg2+ than sulfur? What is it then about this protein and its structure that makes the Mg-S coordination happen?
Solution
Mg 2+ is the bound central metal ion in chlorophyll which is the major photosynthetic pigment.In chlorophyll Mg 2+ is chelated equatorially by tetrapyrrolic macrocycle.One of the two axial position is occupied mainly by histidine residue and other by O-donors,N-donors or S atom.
According to Pearson classification Mg 2+belongs to hard ions and it\'s ionic radius is relatively small.It forms stable complexes with O- donors like H2O while less stable complexes with N donors or S atom.Since water is a polar molecule and is electron rich and also the distance between Mg 2+ and water is found to be 2.06 A° which is smaller compared to the others.
Also the water and Mg bond is electrostatic in nature.All this makes water and Mg 2+ coordination more stronger and preferred over S atom.
S is also being an electron rich ..it can also form bond with Mg 2+. These has been explained on the basis of Density functional theory which gives the distance between Mg 2+ and Water and S atom.
.
In c- Topic pointers Why do they call it dereferencing- As in derefer.docx
In c,
Topic pointers
Why do they call it dereferencing? As in dereferencing the pointer. Where does that name come from?
In c,
Topic pointers
Why do they call it dereferencing? As in dereferencing the pointer. Where does that name come from?
Topic pointers
Why do they call it dereferencing? As in dereferencing the pointer. Where does that name come from?
Solution
a.) A pointer is a variable that consists the address in memory of another variable. The deference of a pointer gives the contents of an object pointed to by the pointer.
b.) Through this we are accessing a variable indirectly. De- prefix mostly comes from the latin preposition meaning from. Dereferencing takes asway the reference and gives us what we are actually referring to.
c.) The unary operator * is the dereferecing operator ,which helps in accessing the object the pointer points to.
d.) Example:
typedef  struct X{int i_; double d_;} X;
XÂ Â Â x;
X*Â Â p= &x;
p->d_=3.15576;Â Â Â Â // dereferencing and accessing the data member x.d_
(*p).d_*=-1;
.
In C++ a function used to put data into a stack is typically called a.docx
In C++ a function used to put data into a stack is typically called a what?
Solution
Push function used to put data into a stack
A Stack is a data structure which works on the principle LIFO(Last In, First Out).The basic operations in a Stack are :
1. Push : In which we push the data into the stack.
2. Pop : In which we remove an element from the Stack.
All insertions and removals are done only from one side of the Stack , which is called the \'top\' of the Stack.
A stack is generally used in function calls where the local variables are pushed onto the Stack and when the function returns ,
it pops the variables from the Stack.
// Push operation to insert an element on top of stack.
void Push(int x)
{
if(top == MAX_SIZE -1) { // overflow case.
cout<<\"Error: stack overflow\ \";
return;
}
A[++top] = x;
}
.
In C Programming create a program that converts a number from decimal.docx
In C Programming create a program that converts a number from decimal to binary. You must use a stack to complete this assignment. • Void pop() • Void push(int data) • Int top() • Int isEmpty() You must create an implementation of a stack. You may use either an array or a linked list as the underlying structure. You will, at a minimum, need to implement the following stack functions: Your program should take decimal input from the user, and convert it to binary, and simply print it out.
Solution
normal program
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
long int decimalNumber,remainder,quotient;
int binaryNumber[100],i=1,j;
printf(\"Enter any decimal number: \");
scanf(\"%ld\",&decimalNumber);
quotient = decimalNumber;
while(quotient!=0){
binaryNumber[i++]= quotient % 2;
quotient = quotient / 2;
}
printf(\"Equivalent binary value of decimal number %d: \",decimalNumber);
for(j = i -1 ;j> 0;j--)
printf(\"%d\",binaryNumber[j]);
return 0;
}
using stack
.
In an alternative universe- all rules governing quantum numbers and th.docx
In an alternative universe, all rules governing quantum numbers and the periodic table are exactly the same as our universe EXCEPT that m l = 0 --> l + 2 (due to font issues: zero to the letter L plus 2)
Answer the following:
What changes are made to the appearance of the periodic table (how have the s, p, d and f blocks changed and what does that do to the table)?
What is the 2nd noble gas in the alternate universe?
Solution
Answer -
M l = 0 to l+2
for n=1 ; l= n-1 = 0;
M l =0 to l+2 = 0,1,2
Hence there is 3 subshell in s orbital which occupy 6 electron.
in the same way;
for n=2
l=2-1=1
M l = 0 to l+2 = 0,1,2,3
p-orbital occupy 8 electrons.
n=3
l=2
M l = 0 to l+2 = 0.1.2.3.4
d have 10 electron.
n=4
l=3
M l = 0 to l+2 = 0,1,2,3,4,5
f occupy 12 electron
Second noble gas = 6(1s) +6(2s) +8(2p) =20th element is second noble gas = which is calcium, Ca
.
In a nonpolar covalent bond--- Electrons are shared unevenly Electrons.docx
In a nonpolar covalent bond...
Electrons are shared unevenly
Electrons are closest to the least electronegatative atom
Electrons are hypervalent
Electrons are donated from one atom to the other
Electrons are shared evenly
In a nonpolar covalent bond...
Electrons are shared unevenly
Electrons are closest to the least electronegatative atom
Electrons are hypervalent
Electrons are donated from one atom to the other
Electrons are shared evenly
Electrons are shared unevenly
Electrons are closest to the least electronegatative atom
Electrons are hypervalent
Electrons are donated from one atom to the other
Electrons are shared evenly
Solution
Ans . As a covalent bond is formed with the sharing of the electrons between atoms and not with the donation of electrons from one atom to another .
Also , a polar covalent bond has uneven or unequal sharing of electrons due to difference in polarity while a non-polar covalent bond has even or equal sharing of electrons between atoms as there is no difference in polarity .
Therefore , in a non-polar covalent bond electrons are shared evenly .
.
In a Classical model of the macroeconomy- the equilibrating mechanism.docx
Solution
true
Keynesian economics (/?ke?nzi?n/ kayn -zee-?n ; or Keynesianism ) is the view that in the short run, especially during recessions, economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand (total spending in the economy). In the Keynesian view, aggregate demand does not necessarily equal theproductive capacity of the economy; instead, it is influenced by a host of factors and sometimes behaves erratically, affecting production, employment, and inflation. [1]
The theories forming the basis of Keynesian economics were first presented by the British economist John Maynard Keynes in his book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money , published in 1936, during theGreat Depression. Keynes contrasted his approach to the aggregate supply-focused \'classical\' economics that preceded his book. The interpretations of Keynes that followed are contentious and several schools of economic thoughtclaim his legacy.
Keynesian economists often argue that private sector decisions sometimes lead to inefficient macroeconomic outcomes which require active policy responses by the public sector, in particular, monetary policy actions by thecentral bank and fiscal policy actions by the government, in order to stabilize output over the business cycle. [2] Keynesian economics advocates a mixed economy
.
In 2012- Shurtleff estimates that warranty costs in the following year.docx
In 2012, Shurtleff estimates that warranty costs in the following year will be $25,000. Actual warranty costs in 2013 are only $20,000. What is the effect on the accounting equation when recording estimated warranty costs in 2012?
A)
Assets decrease
B)
Stockholders’ equity increases
C)
Assets increase
D)
Stockholders’ equity decreases
E)
Liabilities decrease
Solution
D) Stockholders’ equity decreases
Estimated Warranty cost is recorded as an expense for future warranty work, So it reduces Income, which ultimately decreases Stockholder\'s Equity.
.
In 2000- June- A 75-year-old widow- creates an irrevocable trust namin.docx
In 2000, June, A 75-year-old widow, creates an irrevocable trust naming her five adult grandchildren as the beneficiaries. The assets transferred in trust consist of marketable securities (worth $800,000) and June\'s personal residence (worth $400,000). Bob, June\'s younger brother and a practicing attorney, is designated as the trustee. Other provisions of the trust are as follows:
Bob is given the discretion to distribute the income to the beneficiaries based on their need or add it to corpus. He is also given the power to change trust investments and to terminate the trust.
The trust is to last for June\'s lifetime or, if sooner, until termination by Bob.
Upon termination of the trust, the principal and any accumulated income are to be distributed to the beneficiaries (June\'s grandchildren).
For 2000, June files a form 709 to report the transfer in trust and pays a gift tax based on value of $1.2 million ($800,000 + $400,000).
After the transfer in trust and up to the time of her death, June continues to occupy the residence. Although she pays no rent, she maintains the property and pays the yearly property taxes. June never discussed the matter of her continued occupancy of the residence with either Bob or the beneficiaries of the trust.
Upon June\'s death in 2008, the value of the trust is $2.3 million, broken down as follows: marketable securities and cash ($1.6 million) and residence ($700,000). Shortly thereafter, Bob sells the residence, liquidates the trust, and distributes the proceeds to the beneficiaries.
What are the estate taxes consequences of these transaction to June?
Solution
Since she pays her property taxes, there are no tax consequences on June.
However on selling the house, her children will have to pay tax on capital gains from the increase n the value of the house. To avoid this tax, they will have to live in the same house for two years.
.
In 2007- Heuy-'s actual income was $70-000- equal to his lifetime annu.docx
In 2007, Heuy\'s actual income was $70,000, equal to his lifetime annual average; Dewey\'s actual income was $50,000, $10,000 below his lifetime annual average; and Louie
Solution
H ello Pal,
F irst of all a very nice as well as intersting question from your side.
S o now straight to the question, as asked above with all the information available from your side and from mine, the answer is as under:
A fter calculation of the above given information, we can conclude that the answer will be as under:
Huey: 6.50%
Dewey: 5.24%
Louie: 7.28%
T hat is all I can say from the above given information by you, hope have solved your problem to some extent.
R egards.
.
Impulse and momentum are two two different parameters- Explain these p.docx
Impulse and momentum are two two different parameters. Explain these parameters from Newton\'s law of motion.
Solution
Impulse:impulse is dealing with the force.What it means is impulse is nothing but force that is applied on a object to against its motion for a given time.
J=Force* time
Momentum:which is a quantity deals with the object resistance to stop.Indirectly,object with greater momentum very hard to stop.
p=mv
consider the Newton\'s second law that is F=m*a
F=m*(v/t)
F*t=m*v
Here F*t nothing but impulse
m*v=momentum.
what it means is force that is acting on a given object for particular time changes the objects momentum.
.
Implementation of EHR Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associa.docx
Implementation of EHR
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with implementing and using a regional and national EHR.
Solution
Advantages
Providing better, updated and accurate information about patient on regional and national level
It enables the quick access to patient record for better coordination and better care
It securely shares the electronic information of patients with clinics
Improve interaction and communication as well asa health care
Enables the safe and more reilable prescribtion
Disadvantages
Privacy is a concern when we record the data electronically, using the HER put organization at the risk if we don’t follow the privacy protocols
Identify theft can occur when unauthorized people gain advantage of access over the record.
Data loss and data redundancy are also the major disadvantages assocaited with HER softwares. When we use HER we must put into place a backup plan of the data Even if your local servers suffer a catastrophic crash, you will still be able to reconstruct your patient information through the backup in the cloud.
.
Implementing a new AIS system could prove to be beneficial or detrimen.docx
Implementing a new AIS system could prove to be beneficial or detrimental to an organization’s IT infrastructure. Assess the risks associated with integrating a new AIS system and suggest what management can do to minimize those risks.
Solution
Answer
From following the agents likely cause security related problems to the AIS.
From Employees
From Consultants
From Suppliers
From competitors
From IT mercenaries
From Espionage experts
From the above agents, AIS system facing risks.
In most of cases the following types of attacks like computer viruses, backdoors, password crackers, scanners and social engineering attacks.
Threats affecting the infrastructure of the AIS represent actions, possible or taken ,they might attack the system.
Here 2 types of threats like internal and external.
Management taken some preventions, that Can be
Those can be avoided by using Risk Management can be defind as the body of methods aiming at identifying, checking , removing events that may effect the resource of the system.
The body contains risk analysis, cost analysis,selection of mechanism, as well as overall assessment of the security. These risk analysis like following angles like quantitive analysis, quality analysis, workstation analysis.
There are 2 ways of avoid the situation of risk, covering threats thats are mostly likely to occur, while preserving the initial checking methods, reducing the costs as to checking measures.
Generally provides the Security Service management Supplier, they provide both security services and management thereof.
Security management service will be conducted by Service Supplier.
.
Im creating a stack class using generics- what should my peek method l.docx
Im creating a stack class using generics. what should my peek method look like ? I\'m just using a simple peek method, here\'s what i have thus far
public class stack<T>
{
private ArrayList<T> stack = new ArrayList<T> ();
private int top = 0;
public int size () {
return top;
}
public void push (T item) {
stack.add (top++, item);
}
public T pop () {
return stack.remove (--top);
}
public T peek()
{
}
public Boolean isEmpty()
{
if (top == -1)
return true;
else
return false;
}
}
Solution
Hi,
I have updated peek() methd. Highlighted code changes.
public class stack<T>
{
private ArrayList<T> stack = new ArrayList<T> ();
private int top = 0;
public int size () {
return top;
}
public void push (T item) {
stack.add (top++, item);
}
public T pop () {
return stack.remove (--top);
}
public T peek()
{
if (isEmpty()) {
throw new EmptyStackException();
}
return stack.get(top);
}
public Boolean isEmpty()
{
if (top == -1)
return true;
else
return false;
}
}
.
ii)State whether you would expect the following Group 13 metal cations.docx
ii)State whether you would expect the following Group 13 metal cations to act as Lewis acids or bases. Order the cations in terms of softest to hardest. Explain your answer. Al3+, Tl3+, Ga3+, Tl+
(iii) State whether you would expect the following Group 15 hydrides to act as Lewis acids or bases. Order the hydrides in terms of softest to hardest. Explain your answer. PH3, NH3, AsH3
Solution
ii) The given group 13 metal cations will act as a Lewis acids , because cations are are electron deficient and act as a electron acceptor.
Hard Acids are Lewis acid which are small in size and most likely are the light metal cation with high positive oxidation state like Al 3+
Soft Acids are Lewis acid which are larger in size and most likely are the heavy metal cation associated with low oxidation state like Tl 3+ Tl +
Oder of cation from softest to hardest   Tl + < Tl 3+ < Al 3+
(iii) The given Group 15 hydrides will acts as Lewis Base, because Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Arsenic has a lone pair of electron that it can donate.
Hard Base are Lewis base anions or neutral molecules which are not easily polarizable like NH 3
Soft Base are Lewis base anions or neutral molecules which are easily polarizable like PH 3 and AsH 3
Order the hydrides in terms of softest to hardest AsH 3 < PH 3 <NH 3
.
IMF in Greece- Good or bad for the country- Why-SolutionIMF is interna.docx
IMF in Greece. Good or bad for the country? Why?
Solution
IMF is international monetary fund.It was established with the motive of promoting international monetary cooperation.It is good because:
1. It helps in abolishing the exchange restrictions among member nations.
2. It helps in maintaining balanced economic development of the member nations by poviding them monetary help.
3. It helps the member countries in making investment in profitable projects.
4. It offers monetary help to member countries in correcting the disequilibrium of balance of payment.
IMF is bad because:
1. it is a club of rich countries only. it discriminate between rich and poor memebers.
2. it do not provides loan for developmental projects. it only gives loans for maintaining the favourable balance of payment.
3. it interferes in the domestic economies of member countries. while providing loan to member counties IMF put many restrictions.
4. IMF tried to maintain stability in price of gold but failed in achieving this aim.
.
2- What is a colloid- Why is it difficult to filter a colloid- 3- What.docx
2. What is a colloid? Why is it difficult to filter a colloid? 3. What is coagulation? What is peptization? 4. Why is the solution of AgNOs added slowly? 5. Why must a large excess of AgNOs be avoided? 6. Why must the silver chloride be protected from the light? 7. For simplicity assume that your unknown chloride is NaCl. Calculate how many mL of the 5% AgNO3 solution must be added to 0.4020 g of the NaCl sample to precipitate all the chloride. Note: 5% means that there are 5 grams of silver nitrate per 100 mL of solution.
Solution
2) Colloid : Colloid is a dispersion of small tiny particles in a liquid.. In collods the tiny particles remain suspended in the solvent. rather than settling at the bottom.
It is difficult to filter collodal solution because these tiny particles pass through the filter paper.
3) Coagulation : means the aggrigation of oppositely charged particles which settle down under the gravity.
Peptization : It is a phenomenon of the formation of a colloidal dispersion from precipitation.
4)Addition of the AgNO3 be done slowly because the addition tends to yield large particles which makes filtration more efficiently .It also helps limit coprecipitation.
5)To avoid coprecipatation the excess of AgNO3 be avoided.
6)Silver chloride must be protected from light as it is unstable. Exposure to light it becomes greyish yellow . Hence, to avoid decompostion, it must be protected from light.
.
2- The Mars Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter) wa.docx
2. The Mars Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter) was one of two spacecraft in the Mars Surveyor 98 program, the other being the Mars Polar Lander (formerly the Mars Surveyor 98 Lander). The two missions were to study the Martian weather, climate, and water and carbon dioxide badget in order to understand the reservoirs, behavior, and atmospheric role of volatiles and to warch for evidence of long-term and episodic climate changes. The Mars Climate Orbiter was destroyed when a navigation error caused the spacecraft to miss its intended 140-150 km altitude above Mars during orbit insertion, instead entering the Martian atmosphere at about 57 km. The spacecraft was destroyed by atmospherie stresses and friction at this low altitude. A review board found that some data was calculated on the ground in Imperial units (pound-seconds) and eported that way to the navigation team, who were expeeting the data in metric units (newton-seconds). Calculate the conversion between Newton-seconds and pound-seconds. (Hint: pound is the force of 1 slug being accelerated at 1 foot/see2, and 1 slug is 14.59 kg.) s. (Hint: 1 pound is the force of 1 slug being accelerated at 1 foot/see, and 1 slug
Solution
1 newtons = 0.224808942443 pounds
hence 1 newton -second = Â Â 0.224808942443 pounds -seconds
.
2- Rank the following molecules based upon reaction with H-O-HSO- (Fas.docx
2. Rank the following molecules based upon reaction with H:O/HSO. (Fastest reacting alkene first). d. iii >i> ii e. ii ili>i 3. Addition of hydrogen chloride to the following molecule would produce: CI Cl Cl CI HCI CI CI Cl IV a. I and II b. II and III c. I and IV d. III and IVe. V 4. Determine the starting material for the following reaction. 1, NaOEt, EtOH, heat 2. Hg(OAc)h. THF. heat 3. NaBHa Br 5. Identify the alkene with the largest molar heat of hydrogenation (most exothermic).
Solution
2) option B is correct
Explanation: Reaction of alkene with H2O, H2SO4 involves formation of carbocation as an intermediate. Benzyl cation is more stable so it reacts fastest then tertiary carbocation is more stable than secondary so structure III is faster than II.
3) option A is correct
Explanation: Addition of HCl to alkene produces carbocation as an intermediate. Now, the nucleophile attacks the carbocation and produces racemic mixture of products.
4) option B is the starting material
Explanation: NaOEt is a base which gives elimination reaction and produces alkene as product. Oxymercuration-demercuration of alkene with Hg(OAc)2, THF and NaBH4 produces more substituted alcohol which on further cyclization produces the required product.
.
2- In each of the following pairs of substances- predict which one wou.docx
2. In each of the following pairs of substances, predict which one would have the higher boiling point (if done on this sheet, circle the correct answer): a) He or Ar c) GeH4 or SiH4 e) hexane or heptane b) Ar or N20 d) HF or HCI f) F2 or I2
Solution
a) He or Ar: He and Ar are both noble gases and the only kind of intermolecularforces that exist in them are the london dispersion forces.The size of the atom increases as you go down the periodic table, and so will be the number of electrons. As number of electrons increase, the polarizability also increases, resulting in greater London Dispersion forces. So Ar which is down in the group has more london dispersion forces as compared to He and hence will have ahigher boiling. Ar has a higher boiling point.
b) NO 2 or Ar: Ar, is a noble gases and the only kind of intermolecularforces that exist in Ar are the london dispersion forces. NO 2 on the other hand has a strong dipole which leads to dipole-dipole interactions along with london dispersion forces. These extra intra-molecuar forces bind NO 2 molecules together, making it difficult to break these bonds, there by leading to a higer boiling point, So NO 2 has higher boiling point.
c) GeH 4 orSiH 4: Ge is below Si in the group which means that GeH 4 has more electrons than SiH 4. Therefore GeH 4 has more London dispersion forces and hence needs more energy to break these forces; leading to higher boiling point. GeH 4 has higher boiling point.
d) HF or HCl: HF and HCl are both acids of anions from group VII (halides). However Floride is more electroegative comapred to Chloride. Being more electronegative the floirde is very strongly attracted to hydrogen than chloride would do. So it is more diffult to break an HF bond compared to HCl and hence HF has a higher boiling point.
.
2- The Reynolds number for a particular microchannel flow is found to.docx
2. The Reynolds number for a particular microchannel flow is found to be Re = 2.
a. If all channel dimensions (length, width, and height) are reduced by a factor of 10, and
the time required for a particle to traverse the length of the channel is invariant, what is
the value of Re for the smaller channel?
b. If the flow velocity is constant for both channels, rather than the time scale, what is the
value of Re for the smaller channel?
Solution
Initial Case
Re = rho*V*L/mu = 2
Time req to travel the distance
t = L/V------(1)
a)
When dimensions are reduced by 10
L1, W1, H1
L1 = L/10
W1 = W/10
H1 = H/10
Time required to travel the distance L1 is
t = L1/V1-----(2)
Given
1 = 2
L1/V1 = L/V (Since L1 = L/10)
V1 = 0.1*V
Re = Rho*V1*L1/mu = (1/00)*rho*V*L/mu = 0.02
b)
Now Velocity remains constant
Re = rhi*V*L1/mu =0.1*rho*V*L/mu = 0.2
.
21- Predicting Products Explain why the hydration reaction involving 1.docx
21. Predicting Products Explain why the hydration reaction involving 1-butene might yield two distinct products, whereas the hydration of 2-butene yields only one product. List the type of organic reaction needed to perform each of the following transformations. a. b. alkyl halide alcohol c. alkvl halidealkene Classify each of the following organic reactions as sub- stitution, addition, oxidation-reduction elimination, or condensation. a. 2-butene + hydrogenbutane b. propane + fluorine -2-fluoropropane hydrogen fluoride c. 2-propanol - propene +water d. cyclobutene + water - cyclobutanol
Solution
1-butene is an unsymmetrical alkene (alkene double bond is between 1 st and 2 nd carbon atom of four carbon chain) and its hydration products are a mixture of 2-butanol and 1-butanol with major product being 2-butanol (Zaitsev product) whereas 2-butene is a symmetrical alkene (alkene double bond is between 2 nd and 3 rd carbon atom of four carbon chain) whose hydration product is one and only 2-butanol.
Type of organic reaction
a.) alkene to alkane --------> Hydrogenation reaction (addition of double bond)
b.) alkyl halide to alcohol ---------> Nucleophilic substitution reaction (R-X bond converted to R-OH bond)
c.) alkyl halide to alkene ---------> Dehydrohalogenation reaction
Classify the organic reaction
a.) Addition reaction (addition of H 2 )
b.) substitution reaction (substitution of one fluorine molecule with one hydrogen molecule)
c.) oxidation reduction elimination reaction (elimination of water)
d.) addition reaction (addition of H 2 O)
.
20B Section Review 1- How can you tell the difference between solutes.docx
20B Section Review 1. How can you tell the difference between solutes and solve nts in a solution when they are in the same state? 2. What are the properties of solutions? Which of these are shared with some heterogeneous mixtures? 3. What gas solutions are not possible? Why? 4. Why is water such an effective solvent? 5. Describe the three steps in the solution process. 6. How is dissociation different from ionization? 7. What kinds of substances does the term miscible refer to? What is true about the possible proportions of completely miscible 8. How does the pressure of a gas above a solvent affect the amount 9. How can an unsaturated solution become supersaturated with- 10. Which parts of the solution process are enhanced by stirig 11. (True or False) Solutions differ from most colloidal disersiols substances in solutions? of gas that dissolves in the solvent? What is this principle called? out any solute being added or any by heating? by crushing or grinding? in that their solute particles are uniformly dispersed. solvent being removed?
Solution
1.One substance which is dissolved in another substance.
Solvent is the one which dissolves the solute.
When both are same state form homogeneous mixture of solution with different colour from it\'s individual.
2. Solutions are composition of 2 or more substances in liquid form.
Heterogeneous solution is one which has different phases or parts dissolved in solution with different ratio. Visibly different colour or phase.
3. Here solvent is gas. Only gas solute only dissolve in this gas condition not solution(liquid form). So gas solution not possible.
4. Water is the one which has capable of dissolve variety of solute. It it polar in nature. Hydrogen has positive charge and oxygen gas negative charge for polarization.
.
20pts) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using chlorine as a.docx
20pts) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using chlorine as a disinfectant and also name east two alternative disinfectants for drinking water treatment.
Solution
Advantages of chlorination
1. Chlorine is a powerful oxidizing agent thereby kills bacteria and fungi in water.
2. Chlorine is commercially available
3. Chlorine is very economical
4. chlorine is more cost-effective than other disinfection methods (except when dechlorination is needed and fire code requirements must be met).
5. The chlorine residual that remains in the discharged wastewater can prolong disinfection even after initial treatment and also provides a measure of the effectiveness.
Disadvantages
1. The chlorine residual, even at low concentrations, is toxic to aquatic life and may require dechlorination.
2. All forms of chlorine are highly corrosive and toxic. Thus, storage, shipping, and handling pose safety risks.
3. Chlorine oxidizes organic matter in wastewater, sometimes creating compounds that could be harmful to humans and the environment.
4. The chloride content of the wastewater is increased.
5. Certain types of microorganisms have shown resistance to low doses of chlorine.
6. The long-term effects of discharging dechlorinated compounds into the environment are unknown.
In addition to chlorination there are many methods. Few of them are
1. OZONALYSIS (Addition of ozone)
2. Boiling. (Boiling water is the cheapest and safest method of water purification.) ..
.
20- Explain the difference between temperature and heat- Also- state w.docx
20. Explain the difference between temperature and heat. Also, state what determines the direction of heat transfer.
Solution
Heat ( Q ) is energy. It is the total amount of energy possessed by the molecules in a piece of matter. units - Joules.
Temperature ( T ) is not energy. It relates to the average energy of microscopic motions of a single particle in the system per degree of freedom. units - Kelvin (K), Celsius (C) or Fahrenheit (F).
heat is a measurement of energy. All molecules contain some amount of kinetic energy, that is to say, they have some intrinsic motion. The hotter an object is, the faster the motion of the molecules inside it. Thus, the heat of an object is the total energy of all the molecular motion inside that object. Temperature, on the other hand, is a measure of the average heat or thermal energy of the molecules in a substance.
The fundamental difference between heat and temperature is slight but significant, heat is the overall energy of the molecular motion, whereas temperature is the average energy of the molecular motion.
heat will always flow from a hotter to a cooler object. Heat is energy transferred due to thermal contact. the hot thing has to be losing energy, and the cold thing has to be gaining energy. That means that heat is flowing from hot to cold.
.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto Property
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
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In a nonpolar covalent bond--- Electrons are shared unevenly Electrons.docx
In a nonpolar covalent bond...
Electrons are shared unevenly
Electrons are closest to the least electronegatative atom
Electrons are hypervalent
Electrons are donated from one atom to the other
Electrons are shared evenly
In a nonpolar covalent bond...
Electrons are shared unevenly
Electrons are closest to the least electronegatative atom
Electrons are hypervalent
Electrons are donated from one atom to the other
Electrons are shared evenly
Electrons are shared unevenly
Electrons are closest to the least electronegatative atom
Electrons are hypervalent
Electrons are donated from one atom to the other
Electrons are shared evenly
Solution
Ans . As a covalent bond is formed with the sharing of the electrons between atoms and not with the donation of electrons from one atom to another .
Also , a polar covalent bond has uneven or unequal sharing of electrons due to difference in polarity while a non-polar covalent bond has even or equal sharing of electrons between atoms as there is no difference in polarity .
Therefore , in a non-polar covalent bond electrons are shared evenly .
.
In a Classical model of the macroeconomy- the equilibrating mechanism.docx
Solution
true
Keynesian economics (/?ke?nzi?n/ kayn -zee-?n ; or Keynesianism ) is the view that in the short run, especially during recessions, economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand (total spending in the economy). In the Keynesian view, aggregate demand does not necessarily equal theproductive capacity of the economy; instead, it is influenced by a host of factors and sometimes behaves erratically, affecting production, employment, and inflation. [1]
The theories forming the basis of Keynesian economics were first presented by the British economist John Maynard Keynes in his book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money , published in 1936, during theGreat Depression. Keynes contrasted his approach to the aggregate supply-focused \'classical\' economics that preceded his book. The interpretations of Keynes that followed are contentious and several schools of economic thoughtclaim his legacy.
Keynesian economists often argue that private sector decisions sometimes lead to inefficient macroeconomic outcomes which require active policy responses by the public sector, in particular, monetary policy actions by thecentral bank and fiscal policy actions by the government, in order to stabilize output over the business cycle. [2] Keynesian economics advocates a mixed economy
.
In 2012- Shurtleff estimates that warranty costs in the following year.docx
In 2012, Shurtleff estimates that warranty costs in the following year will be $25,000. Actual warranty costs in 2013 are only $20,000. What is the effect on the accounting equation when recording estimated warranty costs in 2012?
A)
Assets decrease
B)
Stockholders’ equity increases
C)
Assets increase
D)
Stockholders’ equity decreases
E)
Liabilities decrease
Solution
D) Stockholders’ equity decreases
Estimated Warranty cost is recorded as an expense for future warranty work, So it reduces Income, which ultimately decreases Stockholder\'s Equity.
.
In 2000- June- A 75-year-old widow- creates an irrevocable trust namin.docx
In 2000, June, A 75-year-old widow, creates an irrevocable trust naming her five adult grandchildren as the beneficiaries. The assets transferred in trust consist of marketable securities (worth $800,000) and June\'s personal residence (worth $400,000). Bob, June\'s younger brother and a practicing attorney, is designated as the trustee. Other provisions of the trust are as follows:
Bob is given the discretion to distribute the income to the beneficiaries based on their need or add it to corpus. He is also given the power to change trust investments and to terminate the trust.
The trust is to last for June\'s lifetime or, if sooner, until termination by Bob.
Upon termination of the trust, the principal and any accumulated income are to be distributed to the beneficiaries (June\'s grandchildren).
For 2000, June files a form 709 to report the transfer in trust and pays a gift tax based on value of $1.2 million ($800,000 + $400,000).
After the transfer in trust and up to the time of her death, June continues to occupy the residence. Although she pays no rent, she maintains the property and pays the yearly property taxes. June never discussed the matter of her continued occupancy of the residence with either Bob or the beneficiaries of the trust.
Upon June\'s death in 2008, the value of the trust is $2.3 million, broken down as follows: marketable securities and cash ($1.6 million) and residence ($700,000). Shortly thereafter, Bob sells the residence, liquidates the trust, and distributes the proceeds to the beneficiaries.
What are the estate taxes consequences of these transaction to June?
Solution
Since she pays her property taxes, there are no tax consequences on June.
However on selling the house, her children will have to pay tax on capital gains from the increase n the value of the house. To avoid this tax, they will have to live in the same house for two years.
.
In 2007- Heuy-'s actual income was $70-000- equal to his lifetime annu.docx
In 2007, Heuy\'s actual income was $70,000, equal to his lifetime annual average; Dewey\'s actual income was $50,000, $10,000 below his lifetime annual average; and Louie
Solution
H ello Pal,
F irst of all a very nice as well as intersting question from your side.
S o now straight to the question, as asked above with all the information available from your side and from mine, the answer is as under:
A fter calculation of the above given information, we can conclude that the answer will be as under:
Huey: 6.50%
Dewey: 5.24%
Louie: 7.28%
T hat is all I can say from the above given information by you, hope have solved your problem to some extent.
R egards.
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Impulse and momentum are two two different parameters- Explain these p.docx
Impulse and momentum are two two different parameters. Explain these parameters from Newton\'s law of motion.
Solution
Impulse:impulse is dealing with the force.What it means is impulse is nothing but force that is applied on a object to against its motion for a given time.
J=Force* time
Momentum:which is a quantity deals with the object resistance to stop.Indirectly,object with greater momentum very hard to stop.
p=mv
consider the Newton\'s second law that is F=m*a
F=m*(v/t)
F*t=m*v
Here F*t nothing but impulse
m*v=momentum.
what it means is force that is acting on a given object for particular time changes the objects momentum.
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Implementation of EHR Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associa.docx
Implementation of EHR
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with implementing and using a regional and national EHR.
Solution
Advantages
Providing better, updated and accurate information about patient on regional and national level
It enables the quick access to patient record for better coordination and better care
It securely shares the electronic information of patients with clinics
Improve interaction and communication as well asa health care
Enables the safe and more reilable prescribtion
Disadvantages
Privacy is a concern when we record the data electronically, using the HER put organization at the risk if we don’t follow the privacy protocols
Identify theft can occur when unauthorized people gain advantage of access over the record.
Data loss and data redundancy are also the major disadvantages assocaited with HER softwares. When we use HER we must put into place a backup plan of the data Even if your local servers suffer a catastrophic crash, you will still be able to reconstruct your patient information through the backup in the cloud.
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Implementing a new AIS system could prove to be beneficial or detrimen.docx
Implementing a new AIS system could prove to be beneficial or detrimental to an organization’s IT infrastructure. Assess the risks associated with integrating a new AIS system and suggest what management can do to minimize those risks.
Solution
Answer
From following the agents likely cause security related problems to the AIS.
From Employees
From Consultants
From Suppliers
From competitors
From IT mercenaries
From Espionage experts
From the above agents, AIS system facing risks.
In most of cases the following types of attacks like computer viruses, backdoors, password crackers, scanners and social engineering attacks.
Threats affecting the infrastructure of the AIS represent actions, possible or taken ,they might attack the system.
Here 2 types of threats like internal and external.
Management taken some preventions, that Can be
Those can be avoided by using Risk Management can be defind as the body of methods aiming at identifying, checking , removing events that may effect the resource of the system.
The body contains risk analysis, cost analysis,selection of mechanism, as well as overall assessment of the security. These risk analysis like following angles like quantitive analysis, quality analysis, workstation analysis.
There are 2 ways of avoid the situation of risk, covering threats thats are mostly likely to occur, while preserving the initial checking methods, reducing the costs as to checking measures.
Generally provides the Security Service management Supplier, they provide both security services and management thereof.
Security management service will be conducted by Service Supplier.
.
Im creating a stack class using generics- what should my peek method l.docx
Im creating a stack class using generics. what should my peek method look like ? I\'m just using a simple peek method, here\'s what i have thus far
public class stack<T>
{
private ArrayList<T> stack = new ArrayList<T> ();
private int top = 0;
public int size () {
return top;
}
public void push (T item) {
stack.add (top++, item);
}
public T pop () {
return stack.remove (--top);
}
public T peek()
{
}
public Boolean isEmpty()
{
if (top == -1)
return true;
else
return false;
}
}
Solution
Hi,
I have updated peek() methd. Highlighted code changes.
public class stack<T>
{
private ArrayList<T> stack = new ArrayList<T> ();
private int top = 0;
public int size () {
return top;
}
public void push (T item) {
stack.add (top++, item);
}
public T pop () {
return stack.remove (--top);
}
public T peek()
{
if (isEmpty()) {
throw new EmptyStackException();
}
return stack.get(top);
}
public Boolean isEmpty()
{
if (top == -1)
return true;
else
return false;
}
}
.
ii)State whether you would expect the following Group 13 metal cations.docx
ii)State whether you would expect the following Group 13 metal cations to act as Lewis acids or bases. Order the cations in terms of softest to hardest. Explain your answer. Al3+, Tl3+, Ga3+, Tl+
(iii) State whether you would expect the following Group 15 hydrides to act as Lewis acids or bases. Order the hydrides in terms of softest to hardest. Explain your answer. PH3, NH3, AsH3
Solution
ii) The given group 13 metal cations will act as a Lewis acids , because cations are are electron deficient and act as a electron acceptor.
Hard Acids are Lewis acid which are small in size and most likely are the light metal cation with high positive oxidation state like Al 3+
Soft Acids are Lewis acid which are larger in size and most likely are the heavy metal cation associated with low oxidation state like Tl 3+ Tl +
Oder of cation from softest to hardest   Tl + < Tl 3+ < Al 3+
(iii) The given Group 15 hydrides will acts as Lewis Base, because Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Arsenic has a lone pair of electron that it can donate.
Hard Base are Lewis base anions or neutral molecules which are not easily polarizable like NH 3
Soft Base are Lewis base anions or neutral molecules which are easily polarizable like PH 3 and AsH 3
Order the hydrides in terms of softest to hardest AsH 3 < PH 3 <NH 3
.
IMF in Greece- Good or bad for the country- Why-SolutionIMF is interna.docx
IMF in Greece. Good or bad for the country? Why?
Solution
IMF is international monetary fund.It was established with the motive of promoting international monetary cooperation.It is good because:
1. It helps in abolishing the exchange restrictions among member nations.
2. It helps in maintaining balanced economic development of the member nations by poviding them monetary help.
3. It helps the member countries in making investment in profitable projects.
4. It offers monetary help to member countries in correcting the disequilibrium of balance of payment.
IMF is bad because:
1. it is a club of rich countries only. it discriminate between rich and poor memebers.
2. it do not provides loan for developmental projects. it only gives loans for maintaining the favourable balance of payment.
3. it interferes in the domestic economies of member countries. while providing loan to member counties IMF put many restrictions.
4. IMF tried to maintain stability in price of gold but failed in achieving this aim.
.
2- What is a colloid- Why is it difficult to filter a colloid- 3- What.docx
2. What is a colloid? Why is it difficult to filter a colloid? 3. What is coagulation? What is peptization? 4. Why is the solution of AgNOs added slowly? 5. Why must a large excess of AgNOs be avoided? 6. Why must the silver chloride be protected from the light? 7. For simplicity assume that your unknown chloride is NaCl. Calculate how many mL of the 5% AgNO3 solution must be added to 0.4020 g of the NaCl sample to precipitate all the chloride. Note: 5% means that there are 5 grams of silver nitrate per 100 mL of solution.
Solution
2) Colloid : Colloid is a dispersion of small tiny particles in a liquid.. In collods the tiny particles remain suspended in the solvent. rather than settling at the bottom.
It is difficult to filter collodal solution because these tiny particles pass through the filter paper.
3) Coagulation : means the aggrigation of oppositely charged particles which settle down under the gravity.
Peptization : It is a phenomenon of the formation of a colloidal dispersion from precipitation.
4)Addition of the AgNO3 be done slowly because the addition tends to yield large particles which makes filtration more efficiently .It also helps limit coprecipitation.
5)To avoid coprecipatation the excess of AgNO3 be avoided.
6)Silver chloride must be protected from light as it is unstable. Exposure to light it becomes greyish yellow . Hence, to avoid decompostion, it must be protected from light.
.
2- The Mars Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter) wa.docx
2. The Mars Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter) was one of two spacecraft in the Mars Surveyor 98 program, the other being the Mars Polar Lander (formerly the Mars Surveyor 98 Lander). The two missions were to study the Martian weather, climate, and water and carbon dioxide badget in order to understand the reservoirs, behavior, and atmospheric role of volatiles and to warch for evidence of long-term and episodic climate changes. The Mars Climate Orbiter was destroyed when a navigation error caused the spacecraft to miss its intended 140-150 km altitude above Mars during orbit insertion, instead entering the Martian atmosphere at about 57 km. The spacecraft was destroyed by atmospherie stresses and friction at this low altitude. A review board found that some data was calculated on the ground in Imperial units (pound-seconds) and eported that way to the navigation team, who were expeeting the data in metric units (newton-seconds). Calculate the conversion between Newton-seconds and pound-seconds. (Hint: pound is the force of 1 slug being accelerated at 1 foot/see2, and 1 slug is 14.59 kg.) s. (Hint: 1 pound is the force of 1 slug being accelerated at 1 foot/see, and 1 slug
Solution
1 newtons = 0.224808942443 pounds
hence 1 newton -second = Â Â 0.224808942443 pounds -seconds
.
2- Rank the following molecules based upon reaction with H-O-HSO- (Fas.docx
2. Rank the following molecules based upon reaction with H:O/HSO. (Fastest reacting alkene first). d. iii >i> ii e. ii ili>i 3. Addition of hydrogen chloride to the following molecule would produce: CI Cl Cl CI HCI CI CI Cl IV a. I and II b. II and III c. I and IV d. III and IVe. V 4. Determine the starting material for the following reaction. 1, NaOEt, EtOH, heat 2. Hg(OAc)h. THF. heat 3. NaBHa Br 5. Identify the alkene with the largest molar heat of hydrogenation (most exothermic).
Solution
2) option B is correct
Explanation: Reaction of alkene with H2O, H2SO4 involves formation of carbocation as an intermediate. Benzyl cation is more stable so it reacts fastest then tertiary carbocation is more stable than secondary so structure III is faster than II.
3) option A is correct
Explanation: Addition of HCl to alkene produces carbocation as an intermediate. Now, the nucleophile attacks the carbocation and produces racemic mixture of products.
4) option B is the starting material
Explanation: NaOEt is a base which gives elimination reaction and produces alkene as product. Oxymercuration-demercuration of alkene with Hg(OAc)2, THF and NaBH4 produces more substituted alcohol which on further cyclization produces the required product.
.
2- In each of the following pairs of substances- predict which one wou.docx
2. In each of the following pairs of substances, predict which one would have the higher boiling point (if done on this sheet, circle the correct answer): a) He or Ar c) GeH4 or SiH4 e) hexane or heptane b) Ar or N20 d) HF or HCI f) F2 or I2
Solution
a) He or Ar: He and Ar are both noble gases and the only kind of intermolecularforces that exist in them are the london dispersion forces.The size of the atom increases as you go down the periodic table, and so will be the number of electrons. As number of electrons increase, the polarizability also increases, resulting in greater London Dispersion forces. So Ar which is down in the group has more london dispersion forces as compared to He and hence will have ahigher boiling. Ar has a higher boiling point.
b) NO 2 or Ar: Ar, is a noble gases and the only kind of intermolecularforces that exist in Ar are the london dispersion forces. NO 2 on the other hand has a strong dipole which leads to dipole-dipole interactions along with london dispersion forces. These extra intra-molecuar forces bind NO 2 molecules together, making it difficult to break these bonds, there by leading to a higer boiling point, So NO 2 has higher boiling point.
c) GeH 4 orSiH 4: Ge is below Si in the group which means that GeH 4 has more electrons than SiH 4. Therefore GeH 4 has more London dispersion forces and hence needs more energy to break these forces; leading to higher boiling point. GeH 4 has higher boiling point.
d) HF or HCl: HF and HCl are both acids of anions from group VII (halides). However Floride is more electroegative comapred to Chloride. Being more electronegative the floirde is very strongly attracted to hydrogen than chloride would do. So it is more diffult to break an HF bond compared to HCl and hence HF has a higher boiling point.
.
2- The Reynolds number for a particular microchannel flow is found to.docx
2. The Reynolds number for a particular microchannel flow is found to be Re = 2.
a. If all channel dimensions (length, width, and height) are reduced by a factor of 10, and
the time required for a particle to traverse the length of the channel is invariant, what is
the value of Re for the smaller channel?
b. If the flow velocity is constant for both channels, rather than the time scale, what is the
value of Re for the smaller channel?
Solution
Initial Case
Re = rho*V*L/mu = 2
Time req to travel the distance
t = L/V------(1)
a)
When dimensions are reduced by 10
L1, W1, H1
L1 = L/10
W1 = W/10
H1 = H/10
Time required to travel the distance L1 is
t = L1/V1-----(2)
Given
1 = 2
L1/V1 = L/V (Since L1 = L/10)
V1 = 0.1*V
Re = Rho*V1*L1/mu = (1/00)*rho*V*L/mu = 0.02
b)
Now Velocity remains constant
Re = rhi*V*L1/mu =0.1*rho*V*L/mu = 0.2
.
21- Predicting Products Explain why the hydration reaction involving 1.docx
21. Predicting Products Explain why the hydration reaction involving 1-butene might yield two distinct products, whereas the hydration of 2-butene yields only one product. List the type of organic reaction needed to perform each of the following transformations. a. b. alkyl halide alcohol c. alkvl halidealkene Classify each of the following organic reactions as sub- stitution, addition, oxidation-reduction elimination, or condensation. a. 2-butene + hydrogenbutane b. propane + fluorine -2-fluoropropane hydrogen fluoride c. 2-propanol - propene +water d. cyclobutene + water - cyclobutanol
Solution
1-butene is an unsymmetrical alkene (alkene double bond is between 1 st and 2 nd carbon atom of four carbon chain) and its hydration products are a mixture of 2-butanol and 1-butanol with major product being 2-butanol (Zaitsev product) whereas 2-butene is a symmetrical alkene (alkene double bond is between 2 nd and 3 rd carbon atom of four carbon chain) whose hydration product is one and only 2-butanol.
Type of organic reaction
a.) alkene to alkane --------> Hydrogenation reaction (addition of double bond)
b.) alkyl halide to alcohol ---------> Nucleophilic substitution reaction (R-X bond converted to R-OH bond)
c.) alkyl halide to alkene ---------> Dehydrohalogenation reaction
Classify the organic reaction
a.) Addition reaction (addition of H 2 )
b.) substitution reaction (substitution of one fluorine molecule with one hydrogen molecule)
c.) oxidation reduction elimination reaction (elimination of water)
d.) addition reaction (addition of H 2 O)
.
20B Section Review 1- How can you tell the difference between solutes.docx
20B Section Review 1. How can you tell the difference between solutes and solve nts in a solution when they are in the same state? 2. What are the properties of solutions? Which of these are shared with some heterogeneous mixtures? 3. What gas solutions are not possible? Why? 4. Why is water such an effective solvent? 5. Describe the three steps in the solution process. 6. How is dissociation different from ionization? 7. What kinds of substances does the term miscible refer to? What is true about the possible proportions of completely miscible 8. How does the pressure of a gas above a solvent affect the amount 9. How can an unsaturated solution become supersaturated with- 10. Which parts of the solution process are enhanced by stirig 11. (True or False) Solutions differ from most colloidal disersiols substances in solutions? of gas that dissolves in the solvent? What is this principle called? out any solute being added or any by heating? by crushing or grinding? in that their solute particles are uniformly dispersed. solvent being removed?
Solution
1.One substance which is dissolved in another substance.
Solvent is the one which dissolves the solute.
When both are same state form homogeneous mixture of solution with different colour from it\'s individual.
2. Solutions are composition of 2 or more substances in liquid form.
Heterogeneous solution is one which has different phases or parts dissolved in solution with different ratio. Visibly different colour or phase.
3. Here solvent is gas. Only gas solute only dissolve in this gas condition not solution(liquid form). So gas solution not possible.
4. Water is the one which has capable of dissolve variety of solute. It it polar in nature. Hydrogen has positive charge and oxygen gas negative charge for polarization.
.
20pts) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using chlorine as a.docx
20pts) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using chlorine as a disinfectant and also name east two alternative disinfectants for drinking water treatment.
Solution
Advantages of chlorination
1. Chlorine is a powerful oxidizing agent thereby kills bacteria and fungi in water.
2. Chlorine is commercially available
3. Chlorine is very economical
4. chlorine is more cost-effective than other disinfection methods (except when dechlorination is needed and fire code requirements must be met).
5. The chlorine residual that remains in the discharged wastewater can prolong disinfection even after initial treatment and also provides a measure of the effectiveness.
Disadvantages
1. The chlorine residual, even at low concentrations, is toxic to aquatic life and may require dechlorination.
2. All forms of chlorine are highly corrosive and toxic. Thus, storage, shipping, and handling pose safety risks.
3. Chlorine oxidizes organic matter in wastewater, sometimes creating compounds that could be harmful to humans and the environment.
4. The chloride content of the wastewater is increased.
5. Certain types of microorganisms have shown resistance to low doses of chlorine.
6. The long-term effects of discharging dechlorinated compounds into the environment are unknown.
In addition to chlorination there are many methods. Few of them are
1. OZONALYSIS (Addition of ozone)
2. Boiling. (Boiling water is the cheapest and safest method of water purification.) ..
.
20- Explain the difference between temperature and heat- Also- state w.docx
20. Explain the difference between temperature and heat. Also, state what determines the direction of heat transfer.
Solution
Heat ( Q ) is energy. It is the total amount of energy possessed by the molecules in a piece of matter. units - Joules.
Temperature ( T ) is not energy. It relates to the average energy of microscopic motions of a single particle in the system per degree of freedom. units - Kelvin (K), Celsius (C) or Fahrenheit (F).
heat is a measurement of energy. All molecules contain some amount of kinetic energy, that is to say, they have some intrinsic motion. The hotter an object is, the faster the motion of the molecules inside it. Thus, the heat of an object is the total energy of all the molecular motion inside that object. Temperature, on the other hand, is a measure of the average heat or thermal energy of the molecules in a substance.
The fundamental difference between heat and temperature is slight but significant, heat is the overall energy of the molecular motion, whereas temperature is the average energy of the molecular motion.
heat will always flow from a hotter to a cooler object. Heat is energy transferred due to thermal contact. the hot thing has to be losing energy, and the cold thing has to be gaining energy. That means that heat is flowing from hot to cold.
.
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