form active structure

1. Part 01. Structural System
- Form Active -
Dr. Ho-Kyung Kim
Structural Design Laboratory (SDL)
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Seoul National University
Planning of Structural System (M1586.002400)

2. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 1
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURE SYSTEMS IN INFRASTRUCTURES AND BUILDINGS (1/2)

3. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 2
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURE SYSTEMS IN INFRASTRUCTURES AND BUILDINGS (2/2)

4. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 3
▶Non-rigid, flexible matter, shaped in a certain way and secured by fixed ends, can support itself and span
space: form-active structural system.
▶Distinction of the form-active structure systems then is that they redirect external forces by simple normal
stresses: the arch by compression, the suspension cable by tension.
▶The structure form of form-active structure systems in the ideal case coincides precisely with the flow of
stresses. Form-active structure systems therefore are the ‘natural’ path of forces expressed in matter.
▶Any change of loading or support conditions changes the form of the funicular curve and causes a new
structure form. While the load cable as a ‘sagging’ system under new loads assumes by itself a new tension line,
the arch as a ‘humping’ system must compensate the changed pressure line with stiffness (bending mechanism).
▶Because of their identity with the ‘natural’ flow of forces the form-active structure systems are the suitable
mechanisms for achieving long spans and forming large spaces.
DEFINITION OF FORM-ACTIVE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

5. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 4
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS DIRECTION AND STRUCTURE FROM OF CABLE (1/2)

6. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 5
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS DIRECTION AND STRUCTURE FROM OF CABLE (2/2)

7. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 6
LEVER MECHANISM OF SUSPENSION CABLE

8. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 7
INFLUENCE OF SAG ON STRESS DISTRIBUTION

9. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 8
GEOMETRIC FUNICULAR FORMS

10. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 9
CRITICAL DEFLECTIONS OF THE SUSPENSION CABLE

11. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 10
STABILIZATION OF SUSPENSION CABLE

12. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 11
RESTRAINING SYSTEMS FOR PARALLEL SUSPENSION CABLES

13. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 12
RESTRAINING SYSTEM FOR STABILIZATION OF SUSPENSION POINTS

14. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 13
STRUCTURES FOR SUSPENSION POINTS

15. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 14
SINGLE PARALLEL SYSTEMS WITH STABILIZATION THROUGH ROOF WEIGHT (1/3)

16. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 15
SINGLE PARALLEL SYSTEMS WITH STABILIZATION THROUGH ROOF WEIGHT (2/3)

17. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 16
SINGLE PARALLEL SYSTEMS WITH STABILIZATION THROUGH ROOF WEIGHT (3/3)

18. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 17
BEARING AND STABILIZING MECHANISM OF PRESTRESSED SYSTEMS

19. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 18
SYSTEMS WITH SUSPENSION AND STABILIZATION IN ONE DIRECTION

20. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 19
FLAT PARALLEL SYSTEMS WITH STABILIZATION THROUGH COUNTER CABLES (1/5)
Suspension cable and
stabilization cable in one plane

21. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 20
FLAT PARALLEL SYSTEMS WITH STABILIZATION THROUGH COUNTER CABLES (2/5)

22. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 21
FLAT PARALLEL SYSTEMS WITH STABILIZATION THROUGH COUNTER CABLES (3/5)

23. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 22
FLAT PARALLEL SYSTEMS WITH STABILIZATION THROUGH COUNTER CABLES (4/5)

24. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 23
FLAT PARALLEL SYSTEMS WITH STABILIZATION THROUGH COUNTER CABLES (5/5)

25. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 24
FLAT ROTATIONAL SYSTEMS WITH STABILIZATION THROUGH COUNTER CABLES (1/2)

26. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 25
FLAT ROTATIONAL SYSTEMS WITH STABILIZATION THROUGH COUNTER CABLES (2/2)

27. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 26
ROTATIONAL SYSTEMS WITH ALTERNATING TECHNIQUES OF STABILIZATION (1/2)

28. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 27
ROTATIONAL SYSTEMS WITH ALTERNATING TECHNIQUES OF STABILIZATION (2/2)

29. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 28
FASTENING SYSTEMS FOR STABILIZATION WITH TIE-BAR AND SPREAD-BAR (1/2)

30. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 29
FASTENING SYSTEMS FOR STABILIZATION WITH TIE-BAR AND SPREAD-BAR (2/2)

31. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 30
PARALLEL SYSTEMS WITH ALTERNATING TECHNIQUES OF STABILIZATION (1/3)

32. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 31
PARALLEL SYSTEMS WITH ALTERNATING TECHNIQUES OF STABILIZATION (2/3)

33. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 32
PARALLEL SYSTEMS WITH ALTERNATING TECHNIQUES OF STABILIZATION (3/3)

34. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 33
SUSPENSION CABLE AND ARCH – SPANNING MECHANISM (1/2)
Suspension cable
Funicular arch

35. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 34
▶Arch/suspension cable combination
SUSPENSION CABLE AND ARCH – SPANNING MECHANISM (2/2)

36. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 35
LEVER MECHANISM OF FUNICULAR ARCH

37. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 36
GEOMETRICAL FORMS – DEPENDENCE ON LOAD CONDITION

38. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 37
ARCH SYSTEM CHARACTERIZED BY METHOD OF HORIZONTAL THRUST RESISTANCE

39. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 38
INFLUENCE OF ARCH RISE ON HINGE STRESSES (1/2)

40. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 39
INFLUENCE OF ARCH RISE ON HINGE STRESSES (2/2)

41. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 40
COMPARISON BETWEEN BEAM MECHANISM AND ARCH MECHANISM

42. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 41
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUSPENSION CABLE AND FUNICULAR ARCH
Suspension systems Funicular arch systems

43. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 42
BENDING DUE TO DEVIATION OF CENTER LINE FROM FUNICULAR CURVE

44. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 43
BENDING DUE TO ADDITIONAL VERTICAL OR HORIZONTAL LOADING

45. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 44
THERMAL CHANGES AND FOUNDATION SETTINGS

46. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 45
COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO-HINGED ARCH AND THREE-HINGED ARCH (1/3)

47. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 46
COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO-HINGED ARCH AND THREE-HINGED ARCH (2/3)

48. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 47
COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO-HINGED ARCH AND THREE-HINGED ARCH (1/3)

49. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 48
LONG-SPAN SYSTEMS WITH TWO-HINGED ARCHES (1/3)

50. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 49
LONG-SPAN SYSTEMS WITH TWO-HINGED ARCHES (2/3)

51. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 50
LONG-SPAN SYSTEMS WITH TWO-HINGED ARCHES (3/3)

52. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 51
LONG-SPAN STRUCTURE SYSTEMS WITH THREE-HINGED ARCHES (1/3)

53. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 52
LONG-SPAN STRUCTURE SYSTEMS WITH THREE-HINGED ARCHES (2/3)

54. Structural Design Laboratory (SDL) 53
LONG-SPAN STRUCTURE SYSTEMS WITH THREE-HINGED ARCHES (3/3)