The document provides an overview of fashion, music, art, architecture, and history from the 1960s. It describes how fashion trends shifted towards younger consumers. Popular musicians of the decade included The Beatles, The Beach Boys, James Brown, and Roy Orbison. Mosaics and modern architecture also emerged as artistic styles during this period. Major world events from 1960-1969 included the Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War escalation, civil rights movements, and the first moon landing. Overall, the 1960s was a decade of significant social and cultural change.

1. 1960’s
By Brandon

2. Fashion in the 1960’s
• The 1960s was a decade of sweeping change
throughout the fashion world generating ideas
and images which still appear modern today.
Whereas fashion had previously been aimed at
a wealthy, mature elite, the tastes and
preferences of young people now became
important. At the beginning of the decade, the
market was dominated by Parisian designers of
expensive haute couture garments. Formal suits
for women underwent a structural change
resulting in looser lines and shorter skirts.

3. Mosaic patterns in the 1960’s
• Mosaics are designs or pictures created by embedding
small pieces of glass, stone, terracotta etc. into a bed of
cement or other form of fixative. This form of decoration
is often used for panels or on floors, but is especially
effective on curved surfaces, such as ceilings and vaults.
Mosaics are found both indoors and outdoors. The art of
mosaic, in one form or another, has been practised for
thousands of years, but mosaic as we know it was
invented by the Greeks, who then passed their skills on
to the Romans. Many ancient mosaics have survived the
ravages of time remarkably well.

4. Singers in the 1960’s
The beatles
•
The Beatles were an English rock
band that formed in Liverpool, in
1960. With John Lennon, Paul
McCartney, George Harrison, and
Ringo Starr, they became widely
regarded as the greatest and most
influential act of the rock era.
The Beach Boys
The Beach Boys are an
American rock band, formed in
Hawthorne, California in 1961.
The group's original lineup
consisted of brothers Brian,
Dennis and Carl Wilson, their
cousin Mike Love, and friend Al
Jardine
James Brown
James Joseph Brown, Jr. was an
American recording artist and
musician. One of the founding
fathers of funk music and a major
figure of 20th-century popular music
and dance, he is often referred to as
"The Godfather of Soul"
Roy Orbison
Roy Kelton Orbison, also known by
the nickname The Big O, was an
American singer-songwriter, best
known for his distinctive, powerful
voice, complex compositions, and
dark emotional ballads.

5. Music in the 1960’s
"She Loves You" The Beatles Parlophone
1963
"I Want to Hold Your Hand"TheBeatles
Parlophone1963
"Tears "Ken DoddColumbia1965
"Can'tBuyMeLove“TheBeatlesParlophone
1964

6. Buildings in the 1960’s
• Modernism wiped out many historic buildings. Now
the newer landmarks are targeted by wrecking balls.
Oddly, the green movement could come to the
rescue. Modern architecture is growing old. The
groundbreaking designers at Germany's Bauhaus
began building nearly a century ago. Many
landmarks of midcentury Modernism, while
somewhat younger, are also showing their age, their
curtain walls taking on water, their cantilevers
askew. And now the most recent examples of the
style, late-modern buildings from the 1960s, are
nearing the half-century mark.

7. History of the 1960’s
Timeline
• 1960
American U-2 spy plane, piloted by Francis Gary Powers, shot
down over Russia (May 1). Khrushchev kills Paris summit
conference because of U-2 (May 16). Top Nazi murderer of
Jews, Adolf Eichmann, captured by Israelis in Argentina (May
23)—executed in Israel in 1962. Powers sentenced to prison for
10 years (Aug. 19)—freed in February 1962 in exchange for
Soviet spy. Communist China and Soviet Union split in conflict
over Communist ideology. Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria,
Madagascar, and Zaire (Belgian Congo) gain independence.
Cuba begins confiscation of $770 million of U.S. property (Aug.
7). There are 900 U.S. military advisers in South Vietnam.

8. • 1961
U.S. breaks diplomatic relations with Cuba (Jan. 3).
Robert Frost recites “The Gift Outright” at John F.
Kennedy's inauguration as president of U.S. (Jan.
20). Moscow announces putting first man in orbit
around Earth, Maj. Yuri A. Gagarin (April 12). Cuba
invaded at Bay of Pigs by an estimated 1,200 antiCastro exiles aided by U.S.; invasion crushed (April
17). First U.S. spaceman, Navy Cmdr. Alan B.
Shepard, Jr., rockets 116.5 miles up in 302-mile trip
(May 5). Virgil Grissom becomes second American
astronaut, making 118-mile-high, 303-mile-long rocket
flight over Atlantic (July 21). Gherman Stepanovich
Titov is launched in Soviet spaceship Vostok II:
makes 171/2 orbits in 25 hours, covering 434,960
miles before landing safely (Aug. 6). East Germans
erect Berlin Wall between East and West Berlin to halt
flood of refugees (Aug. 13). USSR fires 50-megaton
hydrogen bomb, biggest explosion in history (Oct.
29). There are 2,000 U.S. military advisers in South
Vietnam.

9. • 1962
Lt. Col. John H. Glenn, Jr., is first American to orbit
Earth—three times in 4 hr 55 min (Feb. 20). France
transfers sovereignty to new republic of Algeria (July
3). Cuban missile crisis > USSR to build missile
bases in Cuba; Kennedy orders Cuban blockade, lifts
blockade after Russians back down (Aug.–Nov.).
James H. Meredith, escorted by federal marshals,
registers at University of Mississippi (Oct. 1). Pope
John XXIII opens Second Vatican Council (Oct. 11)—
Council holds four sessions, finally closing Dec. 8,
1965. Cuba releases 1,113 prisoners of 1961 invasion
attempt (Dec. 24). Burundi, Jamaica, Western
Samoa, Uganda, and Trinidad and Tobago become
independent. William Faulkner wins Pulitzer for The
Reivers. Rachel Carson's Silent Spring.

10. • 1963
France and West Germany sign treaty of cooperation ending four
centuries of conflict (Jan. 22). Michael E. De Bakey implants
artificial heart in human for first time at Houston hospital; plastic
device functions and patient lives for four days (April 21). Pope
John XXIII dies (June 3)—succeeded June 21 by Cardinal
Montini, who becomes Paul VI. U.S. Supreme Court rules no
locality may require recitation of Lord's Prayer or Bible verses in
public schools (June 17). U.K.'s Profumo scandal (June). Civil
rights rally held by 200,000 blacks and whites in Washington,
D.C.; Martin Luther King delivers “I have a dream” speech (Aug.
28). Washington-to-Moscow “hot line” communications link
opens, designed to reduce risk of accidental war (Aug. 30).
President Kennedy shot and killed by sniper in Dallas, Tex.
Lyndon B. Johnson becomes president same day (Nov. 22). Lee
Harvey Oswald, accused assassin of President Kennedy, is shot
and killed by Jack Ruby, Dallas nightclub owner (Nov. 24).
Kenya achieves independence. Betty Friedan publishes The
Feminine Mystique. There are 15,000 U.S. military advisers in
South Vietnam.

11. • 1964
U.S. Supreme Court rules that congressional districts
should be roughly equal in population (Feb. 17). Jack
Ruby convicted of murder in slaying of Lee Harvey
Oswald; sentenced to death by Dallas jury (March 14)
—conviction reversed Oct. 5, 1966; Ruby dies Jan. 3,
1967, before second trial can be held. Three civil
rights workers—Schwerner, Goodman, and Cheney—
murdered in Mississippi (June). Twenty-one arrests
result in trial and conviction of seven by federal jury.
Nelson Mandela sentenced to life imprisonment
(June 11). Congress approves Gulf of Tonkin
resolution (Aug. 7). President's Commission on the
Assassination of President Kennedy issues Warren
Report concluding that Lee Harvey Oswald acted
alone. The Beatles appear on The Ed Sullivan Show.

12. • 1965
Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and more than 2,600
other blacks arrested in Selma, Ala., during three-day
demonstrations against voter-registration rules (Feb.
1). Malcolm X, black-nationalist leader, shot to death
at Harlem rally in New York City (Feb. 21). U.S.
Marines land in Dominican Republic as fighting
persists between rebels and Dominican army (April
28). Medicare, senior citizens' government medical
assistance program, begins (July 1). Blacks riot for
six days in Watts section of Los Angeles: 34 dead,
over 1,000 injured, nearly 4,000 arrested, fire damage
put at $175 million (Aug. 11–16). Power failure in
Ontario plant blacks out parts of eight states of
northeast U.S. and two provinces of southeast
Canada (Nov. 9). Ralph Nader's Unsafe at Any
Speed.

13. • 1966
Black teenagers riot in Watts, Los Angeles; two
men killed and at least 25 injured (March 15).
Supreme Court decides Miranda v. Arizona.

14. • 1967
Three Apollo astronauts—Col. Virgil I. Grissom, Col.
Edward White II, and Lt. Cmdr. Roger B. Chaffee—
killed in spacecraft fire during simulated launch (Jan.
27). Biafra secedes from Nigeria (May 30). Israeli and
Arab forces battle; six-day war ends with Israel
occupying Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, Gaza
Strip, and east bank of Suez Canal (June 5). Red
China announces explosion of its first hydrogen bomb
(June 17). Racial violence in Detroit; 7,000 National
Guardsmen aid police after night of rioting. Similar
outbreaks occur in New York City's Spanish Harlem,
Rochester, N.Y., Birmingham, Ala., and New Britain,
Conn. (July 23). Thurgood Marshall sworn in as first
black U.S. Supreme Court justice (Oct. 2). Dr.
Christiaan N. Barnard and team of South African
surgeons perform world's first successful human heart
transplant (Dec. 3)—patient dies 18 days later.

15. • 1968
North Korea seizes U.S. Navy ship Pueblo; holds 83 on
board as spies (Jan. 23). Tet offensive, turning point
in Vietnam war (Jan.–Feb.). My Lai massacre (March
16). President Johnson announces he will not seek or
accept presidential renomination (March 31). Martin
Luther King, Jr., civil rights leader, is slain in Memphis
(April 4)—James Earl Ray, indicted in murder,
captured in London on June 8. In 1969 Ray pleads
guilty and is sentenced to 99 years. Sen. Robert F.
Kennedy is shot and critically wounded in Los
Angeles hotel after winning California primary (June
5)—dies June 6. Sirhan B. Sirhan convicted 1969.
Czechoslovakia is invaded by Russians and Warsaw
Pact forces to crush liberal regime (Aug. 20).

16. • 1969
Richard M. Nixon is inaugurated 37th president
of the U.S. (Jan. 20). Stonewall riot in New
York City marks beginning of gay rights
movement (June 28). Apollo 11 astronauts—
Neil A. Armstrong, Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., and
Michael Collins—take man's first walk on
moon (July 20). Sen. Edward M. Kennedy
pleads guilty to leaving scene of fatal accident
at Chappaquiddick, Mass. (July 18), in which
Mary Jo Kopechne was drowned—gets twomonth suspended sentence (July 25).
Woodstock Festival (Aug. 15–17). Sesame
Street debuts. Internet (ARPA) goes online.

17. Good websites for the 1960’s
•
•
http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade60.html
http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1960s.html
•
http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/ilove/years/60sindex.shtml
•
•
http://resources.woodlandsjunior.kent.sch.uk/homework/war/1960s.html
http://www.history.com/topics/1960s

18. By Brandon Roughley