Presenation on 'Sustainable Groundwater preservation in Kumamoto', by Kumamoto City, at 2014 UN-Water Annual International Zaragoza Conference. Preparing for World Water Day 2014: Partnerships for improving water and energy access, efficiency and sustainability. 13-16 January 2014
This document proposes and analyzes a 25-mile utility corridor route that avoids environmentally sensitive lands and has relatively few homes in close proximity. It generally avoids conservation lands, wetlands, and schools. An estimated cost for the proposed route is $70.5 million.
Waterfront for All Summit Workshop #3: The waterfront as a unique development...Waterfront for All
Panelists discuss finding the right balance with respect to development on Toronto's Waterfront.
Chair: Joe Cressy, Councillor, City of Toronto Ward 20
Workshop Themes
• How can we protect the water’s edge as a unique, nourishing
resource for the whole community?
• What are the appropriate uses and densities?
• How can we ensure public access?
• Do we need to correct the big picture?
• How can we promote comprehensive waterfront planning?
Panelists
• Gregg Lintern, Acting Chief Planner, City of Toronto
• Will Fleissig, CEO, Waterfront Toronto
• Martin Gerwin, Mimico Lakeshore Community Network
Presentación de Vincent Fristot en la Jornada Barcelona hacia la Transición E...Fundación Renovables
1) Grenoble has taken steps towards energy transition through citizen involvement, remunicipalizing utilities, and promoting sustainable development policies.
2) A citizen assembly helped shape Grenoble's energy transition roadmap, which aims to retrofit thousands of homes and lower the city's reliance on fossil fuels through renewable energy.
3) Governance of Grenoble's public utilities has moved from private concessions to greater public control, with the goal of reducing private shares in energy utilities from 42% to 15% by 2018.
The Akosombo Dam is a 660m long and 114m tall rock-fill embankment dam located on the Volta River in Ghana. Its construction in the 1960s flooded part of the Volta River Basin and created Lake Volta, which is the world's largest man-made lake. The dam provides hydroelectric power to Ghana and neighboring countries, though initially much of its output went to power an aluminum company. While benefiting industries and development, it also displaced local communities who lived in the flooded areas.
The Akosombo Dam is a large hydroelectric dam on the Volta River in Ghana that provides electricity for the country. Originally built in the 1960s to power aluminum smelting operations, it was the largest single investment in Ghana's economic development at the time. The dam generates over 900 MW of power and was conceived in the early 1900s but construction did not begin until funding was secured from an aluminum company and Ghana in the 1940s and 1950s under Kwame Nkrumah.
The Southeast False Creek Neighbourhood Energy Utility in Vancouver uses waste heat captured from sewage to provide space and water heating for buildings, eliminating over 60% of greenhouse gas emissions. It is self-funded and provides a low cost, sustainable heating system that has inspired other communities.
Geohazard mapping and assessment programMarho Realty
The Geohazard Mapping and Assessment Program is an ongoing initiative led by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and implemented by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB). The program aims to identify areas in the Philippines susceptible to geohazards like landslides and flooding. It produces hazard maps at scales of 1:50,000 and 1:10,000 and shares these with local governments and the public. To date, the program has mapped all cities and municipalities, identified the top 10 provinces most at risk of landslides and flooding, and distributed 75,000 map sheets nationwide along with training.
1) The Brantas River Basin provides water for irrigation of 907,000 hectares of land, industries using 159 cubic meters per year, and domestic use of 288 cubic meters per year in East Java, Indonesia.
2) The river faces issues of floods and droughts annually due to lack of infrastructure, as well as land use changes, sedimentation, and poor maintenance of existing structures.
3) Beginning in the 1940s, several master plans were developed with Japanese and World Bank assistance to implement flood controls, irrigation, and hydropower projects. The current plan emphasizes integrated watershed management.
This document proposes and analyzes a 25-mile utility corridor route that avoids environmentally sensitive lands and has relatively few homes in close proximity. It generally avoids conservation lands, wetlands, and schools. An estimated cost for the proposed route is $70.5 million.
Waterfront for All Summit Workshop #3: The waterfront as a unique development...Waterfront for All
Panelists discuss finding the right balance with respect to development on Toronto's Waterfront.
Chair: Joe Cressy, Councillor, City of Toronto Ward 20
Workshop Themes
• How can we protect the water’s edge as a unique, nourishing
resource for the whole community?
• What are the appropriate uses and densities?
• How can we ensure public access?
• Do we need to correct the big picture?
• How can we promote comprehensive waterfront planning?
Panelists
• Gregg Lintern, Acting Chief Planner, City of Toronto
• Will Fleissig, CEO, Waterfront Toronto
• Martin Gerwin, Mimico Lakeshore Community Network
Presentación de Vincent Fristot en la Jornada Barcelona hacia la Transición E...Fundación Renovables
1) Grenoble has taken steps towards energy transition through citizen involvement, remunicipalizing utilities, and promoting sustainable development policies.
2) A citizen assembly helped shape Grenoble's energy transition roadmap, which aims to retrofit thousands of homes and lower the city's reliance on fossil fuels through renewable energy.
3) Governance of Grenoble's public utilities has moved from private concessions to greater public control, with the goal of reducing private shares in energy utilities from 42% to 15% by 2018.
The Akosombo Dam is a 660m long and 114m tall rock-fill embankment dam located on the Volta River in Ghana. Its construction in the 1960s flooded part of the Volta River Basin and created Lake Volta, which is the world's largest man-made lake. The dam provides hydroelectric power to Ghana and neighboring countries, though initially much of its output went to power an aluminum company. While benefiting industries and development, it also displaced local communities who lived in the flooded areas.
The Akosombo Dam is a large hydroelectric dam on the Volta River in Ghana that provides electricity for the country. Originally built in the 1960s to power aluminum smelting operations, it was the largest single investment in Ghana's economic development at the time. The dam generates over 900 MW of power and was conceived in the early 1900s but construction did not begin until funding was secured from an aluminum company and Ghana in the 1940s and 1950s under Kwame Nkrumah.
The Southeast False Creek Neighbourhood Energy Utility in Vancouver uses waste heat captured from sewage to provide space and water heating for buildings, eliminating over 60% of greenhouse gas emissions. It is self-funded and provides a low cost, sustainable heating system that has inspired other communities.
Geohazard mapping and assessment programMarho Realty
The Geohazard Mapping and Assessment Program is an ongoing initiative led by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and implemented by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB). The program aims to identify areas in the Philippines susceptible to geohazards like landslides and flooding. It produces hazard maps at scales of 1:50,000 and 1:10,000 and shares these with local governments and the public. To date, the program has mapped all cities and municipalities, identified the top 10 provinces most at risk of landslides and flooding, and distributed 75,000 map sheets nationwide along with training.
1) The Brantas River Basin provides water for irrigation of 907,000 hectares of land, industries using 159 cubic meters per year, and domestic use of 288 cubic meters per year in East Java, Indonesia.
2) The river faces issues of floods and droughts annually due to lack of infrastructure, as well as land use changes, sedimentation, and poor maintenance of existing structures.
3) Beginning in the 1940s, several master plans were developed with Japanese and World Bank assistance to implement flood controls, irrigation, and hydropower projects. The current plan emphasizes integrated watershed management.
The Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel (G-Cans) was built in Tokyo, Japan to prevent flooding from heavy rainfall and storms. It is a 6.3 km underground waterway that collects overflow from rivers and stores it in a massive underground tank before draining it into the Edogawa River. Consisting of 5 large silos, tunnels, and a 180m long water tank supported by 59 large columns, G-Cans can store and move 200 tons of water per second using jet turbines. It cost $3 billion to construct but has significantly reduced flooding in Tokyo since opening in 2006.
Singapore Managing Stormwater For Water Resource And Flood Control 水资源介绍dreamsion
1. Singapore faces challenges of managing its water resources and flood control due to its dense urbanization and flat terrain.
2. PUB oversees an integrated water management system including water catchment, supply, used water treatment, and stormwater drainage.
3. Singapore has implemented extensive drainage infrastructure and development controls to reduce flood-prone areas from 3,178 ha to less than 100 ha, with limited flood depths.
Hillslope Hydrology and Headwater Control (by Maki TSUJIMURA, Ph.D )Wildan Maulana
This document discusses Maki Tsujimura's background and positions. It lists her as an Associate Professor in Hydrology and Hydrogeology at the University of Tsukuba, where she is the Executive Leader of the EDL Education Program. It also notes that she is the Co-Chairholder of the UNESCO Chair on Sustainable Management of Groundwater in Mongolia.
Natural Urban Heritage and Preservation Policies: the Case of Kyoto’s Waterways.IEREK Press
The value of natural heritage within urban areas is nowadays gaining recognition, but there are still no clear reference frameworks to confront the complexities of their management. In this discussion, the challenges of the association of historical preservation and urban nature are explored through the analysis of the management of Kyoto’s waterways. The conflicts caused by the rapid modernization of Japan at the end of 19thcentury find in Kyoto a remarkable expression in the tensions between renovation and conservation, providing a fertile frame for discussion. Relevant achievements and shortcomings of Kyoto ́s experience are here analyzed, considering how the preservation of historic landscapes affected the protection of urban rivers, the relationship between sustainability and heritage, and the new environmentally aware approaches to river improvement.
Natural Urban Heritage and Preservation Policies: the Case of Kyoto’s Waterways.IEREK Press
The value of natural heritage within urban areas is nowadays gaining recognition, but there are still no clear reference frameworks to confront the complexities of their management. In this discussion, the challenges of the association of historical preservation and urban nature are explored through the analysis of the management of Kyoto’s waterways. The conflicts caused by the rapid modernization of Japan at the end of 19thcentury find in Kyoto a remarkable expression in the tensions between renovation and conservation, providing a fertile frame for discussion. Relevant achievements and shortcomings of Kyoto ́s experience are here analyzed, considering how the preservation of historic landscapes affected the protection of urban rivers, the relationship between sustainability and heritage, and the new environmentally aware approaches to river improvement.
Improving Water Security in Water Stressed Bagmati River Basin, Nepal.Oswar Mungkasa
The document discusses improving water security in the Bagmati River Basin of Nepal. It outlines key issues like decreasing river flows, water pollution, and encroachment. The Bagmati Action Plan was developed to address these issues and envisions clean rivers through projects like sewage lines, waste water treatment, and river restoration. Future plans include watershed management, groundwater recharge, and dams to increase river flows. The document stresses the cultural and religious importance of protecting the Bagmati River to preserve Nepal's natural resources and heritage.
Kenya; Water from Rock Outcrops: A handbook for Engineers and TechniciansV9X
Rock catchments provide a reliable source of water in arid and semi-arid regions by harvesting rainwater running off rock surfaces. They are constructed by building rock garlands and dams to gravity feed the runoff into reservoirs. Maintaining rock catchments is simple, involving cleaning before rains, and they can provide water for many households with minimal rainfall. They have largely positive social and health impacts while being cost-effective alternatives to other water sources.
Flood Control Challenges for Large Hydroelectric ReservoirsCPWF Mekong
This document discusses flood control challenges for large hydroelectric reservoirs. It provides examples from Nam Theun-Nam Kading Basin in Laos and Thailand. The Srinagarind Dam in Thailand narrowly avoided disaster in 1978 when a flood overtopped the dam core. This highlighted the importance of adequate spillway capacity and operating procedures. The document also analyzes flood risks and management for reservoirs in the Nam Theun River Basin in Laos, including the Nam Theun 2 and Nam Gnouang projects, given the threat of extreme rainfall from typhoons and the need for timely response during floods.
This document discusses water management in Pakistan. It covers the country's water resources, which include glaciers, rivers, lakes, rainwater and underground sources. It notes that 69% of water is used for agriculture, 23% for industry and 8% for domestic uses. The document then outlines Pakistan's macro and micro level water management approaches. At the macro level, it discusses dams, barrages, canals and irrigation channels. At the micro level, it discusses public water supply systems, irrigation channels and industrial use. It also lists several environmental impacts of current water management practices, such as damaged ecosystems and reduced wildlife habitat. Finally, the document provides suggestions to improve water management, such as building smaller dams and restoring natural river
Dams can have significant ecological impacts:
1) They obstruct fish migration and disrupt populations.
2) Water quality is reduced as still water gathers pollution and alters temperatures affecting oxygen and chemical reactions.
3) Sediment builds up behind dams, raising water levels and putting pressure on dam walls which could eventually burst, flooding towns.
The Three Gorges Dam is the largest hydroelectric dam in the world, located on the Yangtze River in China. It took over 17 years and 40,000 workers to build the 2,335 meter long and 181 meter tall dam. The dam provides significant benefits like flood control, clean electricity generation, and improved navigation on the Yangtze River. However, building the dam also had large social and environmental impacts, such as the relocation of over 1.2 million people and submergence of important archaeological sites.
Fresh Water Augmentation and Salinity Management in KuttanadIJERA Editor
The Thanneermukkam bund was constructed to resolve the salinity problems faced by the farmers of Kuttanad; though it could reduce the problems to a large extend it had many ill effects such as water pollution, spread of aquatic weeds and other flora and fauna related problems. The main objective is to reduce the salinity level in Vembanad Lake during summer season that is during the closure period of Thanneermukkam Bund (TMB). The problem is solved efficiently by adapting following methods (1) water is taken from Muvattupuzha River, and conveyed through a regulator to Kuttanad region during summer season to dilute the water and keep the salinity below 2ppt and (2) water is collected in the pazhnilam before the closure of TMB and pumped out into Lake surrounding at times of acute shortage. The design of the regulator, its location and working is also discussed along with the various management techniques to be adopted in Kuttanad for effective implementation of the project. A proposal for management of water quantity and salinity for the natural water system of Kuttanad is developed.
Calbiga is a municipality in Samar island in the Philippines with a population of 20,500 people and area of 28,000 hectares crossed by the Calbiga River. Current activities related to the river include constructing a freshwater fish hatchery, building an irrigation system, researching hydro power, and pursuing ecotourism. However, increasing population and resource use are damaging the river's environment and capacity. Proposed rehabilitation projects include acquiring dredging equipment to clear debris from the river costing $1 million over 2 years, constructing a $700,000 diversion channel in 1 year to shorten travel, and spending $2.3 million in 1 year on river bank rehabilitation including reforestation which will engage local communities
Sustainable Hydropower Development Alternatives for the MekongJessicaNagtalon
Presentation by Gregory Thomas, CEO of the Natural Heritage Institute on NHI's work in Cambodia and Laos to produce sustainable hydropower development alternatives to protect the extraordinary natural productivity of the Mekong River.
HUG Siphon System
• The water level behind the Otto Holden Hydro Dam on the Ottawa River can be maintained at 179.5 m above sea level, while the water level in Lake Huron is 176.5 m. This difference of 3 m is the basis of water transfer through a HUG Siphon System for 171 km.
• The HUG Siphon system can be buried under any populated built up areas. HUG can also be raised to189.5 m above sea level.
• It will be difficult to say NO to Water Export Revenue of $433 Million/year at the auction price of $0.13/ m3s for 135 m3
• Each of the 150 million people whose needs could be served by the project would pay the reasonable rate of $50 per year. In this case, annual income from the exports would be $7.5 billion.
• The total initial cost of this mega project is $347.5 + $232.25 = $580 million.
• HUG has a potential of Hydro Revenue of $210 Million/yr (11 kW/m2)
• HUG has a potential of Water Export Revenue of 56 m3s@auction price of $0.13/ m3s of $180 Million/yr / HUG System
• Water Export Revenue of 2000 m3s = $6.4 Billion/yr for 35 HUG Siphon Systems
• Return on Investment : $180 +$210 / $580 million = 67%/yr for 1 HUG System.
• An alternative desalination plant (1.2 m3s) is twice the price, because it is energy intensive and it incurs high-pollution costs that could escalate as energy price increase.
• Nine bodies of 265 m3s water share the same environment: only a distance of 1.5 m to 12 km apart, which can be diverted to Lake Superior.
The article discusses how China's dam building on the Mekong River is negatively impacting communities in downstream countries like Cambodia. A rice farmer in Cambodia, Sam In, describes how his village was flooded to make way for a dam, forcing residents to relocate and pay for water access. Experts warn that the dams threaten fisheries and reduce nutrients in the river, endangering agriculture. China is funding many dams in the lower Mekong countries but does not share information about water flow, concerning downstream nations over economic and food security issues.
Hydro electric power plant,site selection, classification of HEPP,criteria for turbine selection, dams, spillways, surge tank and forebay, advantages and disadvantages of HEPP, hydrograph ,flow duration curve ,mass curve,environmental impacts of HEPP
Presentation on 'The Canary Islands: World Laboratory for Water and Energy Technologies' by Gonzalo Piernavieja Izquierdo, R&D&I Director, Canary Islands Institute of Technology, at 2014 UN-Water Annual International Zaragoza Conference. Preparing for World Water Day 2014: Partnerships for improving water and energy access, efficiency and sustainability. 13-16 January 2014.
El documento describe las innovaciones tecnológicas en los campos de la energía y el agua, incluyendo nuevos materiales nanoestructurados, baterías de iones de litio y supercondensadores con electrodos de grafeno, células solares fotovoltaicas y electrónica de potencia. Estas innovaciones permitirán un escenario futuro sin procesos térmicos donde la energía eléctrica se utilice de forma universalizada a través de microredes inteligentes y flexibles.
More Related Content
Similar to Sustainable Groundwater preservation in Kumamoto, by Kumamoto City
The Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel (G-Cans) was built in Tokyo, Japan to prevent flooding from heavy rainfall and storms. It is a 6.3 km underground waterway that collects overflow from rivers and stores it in a massive underground tank before draining it into the Edogawa River. Consisting of 5 large silos, tunnels, and a 180m long water tank supported by 59 large columns, G-Cans can store and move 200 tons of water per second using jet turbines. It cost $3 billion to construct but has significantly reduced flooding in Tokyo since opening in 2006.
Singapore Managing Stormwater For Water Resource And Flood Control 水资源介绍dreamsion
1. Singapore faces challenges of managing its water resources and flood control due to its dense urbanization and flat terrain.
2. PUB oversees an integrated water management system including water catchment, supply, used water treatment, and stormwater drainage.
3. Singapore has implemented extensive drainage infrastructure and development controls to reduce flood-prone areas from 3,178 ha to less than 100 ha, with limited flood depths.
Hillslope Hydrology and Headwater Control (by Maki TSUJIMURA, Ph.D )Wildan Maulana
This document discusses Maki Tsujimura's background and positions. It lists her as an Associate Professor in Hydrology and Hydrogeology at the University of Tsukuba, where she is the Executive Leader of the EDL Education Program. It also notes that she is the Co-Chairholder of the UNESCO Chair on Sustainable Management of Groundwater in Mongolia.
Natural Urban Heritage and Preservation Policies: the Case of Kyoto’s Waterways.IEREK Press
The value of natural heritage within urban areas is nowadays gaining recognition, but there are still no clear reference frameworks to confront the complexities of their management. In this discussion, the challenges of the association of historical preservation and urban nature are explored through the analysis of the management of Kyoto’s waterways. The conflicts caused by the rapid modernization of Japan at the end of 19thcentury find in Kyoto a remarkable expression in the tensions between renovation and conservation, providing a fertile frame for discussion. Relevant achievements and shortcomings of Kyoto ́s experience are here analyzed, considering how the preservation of historic landscapes affected the protection of urban rivers, the relationship between sustainability and heritage, and the new environmentally aware approaches to river improvement.
Natural Urban Heritage and Preservation Policies: the Case of Kyoto’s Waterways.IEREK Press
The value of natural heritage within urban areas is nowadays gaining recognition, but there are still no clear reference frameworks to confront the complexities of their management. In this discussion, the challenges of the association of historical preservation and urban nature are explored through the analysis of the management of Kyoto’s waterways. The conflicts caused by the rapid modernization of Japan at the end of 19thcentury find in Kyoto a remarkable expression in the tensions between renovation and conservation, providing a fertile frame for discussion. Relevant achievements and shortcomings of Kyoto ́s experience are here analyzed, considering how the preservation of historic landscapes affected the protection of urban rivers, the relationship between sustainability and heritage, and the new environmentally aware approaches to river improvement.
Improving Water Security in Water Stressed Bagmati River Basin, Nepal.Oswar Mungkasa
The document discusses improving water security in the Bagmati River Basin of Nepal. It outlines key issues like decreasing river flows, water pollution, and encroachment. The Bagmati Action Plan was developed to address these issues and envisions clean rivers through projects like sewage lines, waste water treatment, and river restoration. Future plans include watershed management, groundwater recharge, and dams to increase river flows. The document stresses the cultural and religious importance of protecting the Bagmati River to preserve Nepal's natural resources and heritage.
Kenya; Water from Rock Outcrops: A handbook for Engineers and TechniciansV9X
Rock catchments provide a reliable source of water in arid and semi-arid regions by harvesting rainwater running off rock surfaces. They are constructed by building rock garlands and dams to gravity feed the runoff into reservoirs. Maintaining rock catchments is simple, involving cleaning before rains, and they can provide water for many households with minimal rainfall. They have largely positive social and health impacts while being cost-effective alternatives to other water sources.
Flood Control Challenges for Large Hydroelectric ReservoirsCPWF Mekong
This document discusses flood control challenges for large hydroelectric reservoirs. It provides examples from Nam Theun-Nam Kading Basin in Laos and Thailand. The Srinagarind Dam in Thailand narrowly avoided disaster in 1978 when a flood overtopped the dam core. This highlighted the importance of adequate spillway capacity and operating procedures. The document also analyzes flood risks and management for reservoirs in the Nam Theun River Basin in Laos, including the Nam Theun 2 and Nam Gnouang projects, given the threat of extreme rainfall from typhoons and the need for timely response during floods.
This document discusses water management in Pakistan. It covers the country's water resources, which include glaciers, rivers, lakes, rainwater and underground sources. It notes that 69% of water is used for agriculture, 23% for industry and 8% for domestic uses. The document then outlines Pakistan's macro and micro level water management approaches. At the macro level, it discusses dams, barrages, canals and irrigation channels. At the micro level, it discusses public water supply systems, irrigation channels and industrial use. It also lists several environmental impacts of current water management practices, such as damaged ecosystems and reduced wildlife habitat. Finally, the document provides suggestions to improve water management, such as building smaller dams and restoring natural river
Dams can have significant ecological impacts:
1) They obstruct fish migration and disrupt populations.
2) Water quality is reduced as still water gathers pollution and alters temperatures affecting oxygen and chemical reactions.
3) Sediment builds up behind dams, raising water levels and putting pressure on dam walls which could eventually burst, flooding towns.
The Three Gorges Dam is the largest hydroelectric dam in the world, located on the Yangtze River in China. It took over 17 years and 40,000 workers to build the 2,335 meter long and 181 meter tall dam. The dam provides significant benefits like flood control, clean electricity generation, and improved navigation on the Yangtze River. However, building the dam also had large social and environmental impacts, such as the relocation of over 1.2 million people and submergence of important archaeological sites.
Fresh Water Augmentation and Salinity Management in KuttanadIJERA Editor
The Thanneermukkam bund was constructed to resolve the salinity problems faced by the farmers of Kuttanad; though it could reduce the problems to a large extend it had many ill effects such as water pollution, spread of aquatic weeds and other flora and fauna related problems. The main objective is to reduce the salinity level in Vembanad Lake during summer season that is during the closure period of Thanneermukkam Bund (TMB). The problem is solved efficiently by adapting following methods (1) water is taken from Muvattupuzha River, and conveyed through a regulator to Kuttanad region during summer season to dilute the water and keep the salinity below 2ppt and (2) water is collected in the pazhnilam before the closure of TMB and pumped out into Lake surrounding at times of acute shortage. The design of the regulator, its location and working is also discussed along with the various management techniques to be adopted in Kuttanad for effective implementation of the project. A proposal for management of water quantity and salinity for the natural water system of Kuttanad is developed.
Calbiga is a municipality in Samar island in the Philippines with a population of 20,500 people and area of 28,000 hectares crossed by the Calbiga River. Current activities related to the river include constructing a freshwater fish hatchery, building an irrigation system, researching hydro power, and pursuing ecotourism. However, increasing population and resource use are damaging the river's environment and capacity. Proposed rehabilitation projects include acquiring dredging equipment to clear debris from the river costing $1 million over 2 years, constructing a $700,000 diversion channel in 1 year to shorten travel, and spending $2.3 million in 1 year on river bank rehabilitation including reforestation which will engage local communities
Sustainable Hydropower Development Alternatives for the MekongJessicaNagtalon
Presentation by Gregory Thomas, CEO of the Natural Heritage Institute on NHI's work in Cambodia and Laos to produce sustainable hydropower development alternatives to protect the extraordinary natural productivity of the Mekong River.
HUG Siphon System
• The water level behind the Otto Holden Hydro Dam on the Ottawa River can be maintained at 179.5 m above sea level, while the water level in Lake Huron is 176.5 m. This difference of 3 m is the basis of water transfer through a HUG Siphon System for 171 km.
• The HUG Siphon system can be buried under any populated built up areas. HUG can also be raised to189.5 m above sea level.
• It will be difficult to say NO to Water Export Revenue of $433 Million/year at the auction price of $0.13/ m3s for 135 m3
• Each of the 150 million people whose needs could be served by the project would pay the reasonable rate of $50 per year. In this case, annual income from the exports would be $7.5 billion.
• The total initial cost of this mega project is $347.5 + $232.25 = $580 million.
• HUG has a potential of Hydro Revenue of $210 Million/yr (11 kW/m2)
• HUG has a potential of Water Export Revenue of 56 m3s@auction price of $0.13/ m3s of $180 Million/yr / HUG System
• Water Export Revenue of 2000 m3s = $6.4 Billion/yr for 35 HUG Siphon Systems
• Return on Investment : $180 +$210 / $580 million = 67%/yr for 1 HUG System.
• An alternative desalination plant (1.2 m3s) is twice the price, because it is energy intensive and it incurs high-pollution costs that could escalate as energy price increase.
• Nine bodies of 265 m3s water share the same environment: only a distance of 1.5 m to 12 km apart, which can be diverted to Lake Superior.
The article discusses how China's dam building on the Mekong River is negatively impacting communities in downstream countries like Cambodia. A rice farmer in Cambodia, Sam In, describes how his village was flooded to make way for a dam, forcing residents to relocate and pay for water access. Experts warn that the dams threaten fisheries and reduce nutrients in the river, endangering agriculture. China is funding many dams in the lower Mekong countries but does not share information about water flow, concerning downstream nations over economic and food security issues.
Hydro electric power plant,site selection, classification of HEPP,criteria for turbine selection, dams, spillways, surge tank and forebay, advantages and disadvantages of HEPP, hydrograph ,flow duration curve ,mass curve,environmental impacts of HEPP
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Presentation on 'The Canary Islands: World Laboratory for Water and Energy Technologies' by Gonzalo Piernavieja Izquierdo, R&D&I Director, Canary Islands Institute of Technology, at 2014 UN-Water Annual International Zaragoza Conference. Preparing for World Water Day 2014: Partnerships for improving water and energy access, efficiency and sustainability. 13-16 January 2014.
El documento describe las innovaciones tecnológicas en los campos de la energía y el agua, incluyendo nuevos materiales nanoestructurados, baterías de iones de litio y supercondensadores con electrodos de grafeno, células solares fotovoltaicas y electrónica de potencia. Estas innovaciones permitirán un escenario futuro sin procesos térmicos donde la energía eléctrica se utilice de forma universalizada a través de microredes inteligentes y flexibles.
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This document discusses TOTO's environmental strategy for water conservation and reducing CO2 emissions through water saving efforts. It summarizes that TOTO continuously improves the water-saving performance of its sanitation products like toilets. This water saving leads to reductions in water usage, energy usage from water systems, and CO2 emissions. TOTO is expanding these water saving efforts to developing countries in Asia to help address issues from rapid urbanization like increased water and energy demands. Projects utilize carbon credits and subsidies to incentivize adoption of water saving products and behaviors.
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9. Utilizing Paddy Fields for
Groundwater Cultivation
Creating the Groundwater Conservation
Agreement with neighboring towns
Area which has historically
fostered groundwater cultivation
using paddy fields
Former paddy field artificially
facilitates groundwater cultivation
14. Kumamoto City Official Water
Examination
・ 1st, 2nd, 3rd ranks offered
・ No test fee
The first ever Japanese Water
Examinations begin August 1st!
Official Textbook
Thank you very much for this great opportunity to explain about Kumamoto City. Kumamoto City is blessed with rich groundwater, and all the drinking water for our population of 730,000 is supplied with this natural spring water. This is very rare and the unique case among Japanese cities with more than 500,000 that covers all the water supply with groundwater. Therefore, Kumamoto City is called ‘The Number One Groundwater City’ in Japan. Today we will talk about our sustainable groundwater preservation initiatives that we are working on in the Kumamoto City.
I would like to introduce our work towards water conservation today.
This is Japan.
Kumamoto City is located in the center of Kyushu, the southernmost major island of Japan.
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We have a glorious view of Mount Aso to the east of the city, and to the west, the city faces the Ariake Sea. Kumamoto City is blessed with rich greenery and abundant groundwater.
It is particularly worth noting that thanks to the abundant groundwater, all the drinking water for our730,000 citizens is covered by groundwater. Kumamoto is the only city which supplies all drinking water with completely natural groundwater among the cities in Japan which have populations of more than 500,000. This has earned Kumamoto the title “The home of the richest groundwater in Japan”.
We have been undertaking various efforts to maintain our abundant, pure and crystal-clean groundwater so as to pass down this treasure to our future generations.
Our analysis from a team of researchers, representing Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture and outside research groups, have revealed much information regarding water circulation in the area.
*Groundwater is shared by 11 municipalities(hereinafter referred to as Kumamoto Region) including Kumamoto City, as well as a layer formed by Mount Aso’s eruption provides the main aquifer for our groundwater.
*The Kumamoto Region receives 2 billion cubic meters of precipitation a year; approximately one third of it evaporates, another one third of it flows into river, and the remaining one third of it, around 600 million cubic meters, forms groundwater.
*Of the total of 600 million cubic meters of groundwater, 46% are cultivated in paddy fields, 41% are cultivated in dry fields or grass fields, and 13% are cultivated in mountainous areas. In other words, our agricultural land serves as the main source of the groundwater.
*Groundwater takes about 20 years to reach Kumamoto City from the outer rim of Mount Aso.
The volcanic Mount Aso experienced violent eruptions with pyroclastic flows four times from 270,000 years ago to 90,000 years ago, when the pyroclastic flow deposited and accumulated to more than 100 meters in thickness, which would later serve to foster our groundwater.
In addition, about 400 years ago, Kato Kiyomasa, the feudal lord of Higo, present day Kumamoto, promoted cultivating paddy fields in the surrounding land, which is easy to permeate with groundwater. This concept worked considerably well and allowed Kumamoto access to a far greater amount of clean water.
According to the municipal observation report, Kumamoto’s groundwater flow has been steadily decreasing. There are two main reasons for this. One is the advancement of urbanization; the other factor is the adjustments in rice production.
After the Second World War, the central urban area broadened with economic development. Vast areas were laid with concrete or asphalt for urban expansion and it became difficult for rainwater to naturally absorb into the earth. Groundwater has become harder to accumulate in recent times.
In addition, as rice consumption in Japan has decreased, the amount agricultural land used as paddy fields has also been reduced by 50 %. This is a serious problem for Kumamoto because our paddy fields are a major source of groundwater.
Recently the quality of groundwater has changed. The groundwater concentration of nitrate-nitrogen has been increasing.
The causes of this are the excrement of cattle and excess fertilization. Some wells exceed the national standard of 10mg/l. By cooperating with farmers and the persons involved, we take steps to decrease nitrate-nitrogen.
First of all, I would like to mention our programs of groundwater cultivation which utilize paddy fields.
Science proves that the ancient paddy fields, which were cultivated by Kato Kiyomasa, that are located in the towns of Ozu and Kikuyo, neighboring towns of Kumamoto City which lie towards the center of the Shirakawa River, are precious groundwater recharge areas for Kumamoto City. The city therefore concluded an agreement of groundwater conservation with these two neighboring towns in January 2004. Furthermore, we have established a subsidy system which encourages farmers to irrigate their rice fields even after these fields were no longer to be used to produce rice under the production adjustments.
Currently, with the aid of more than 400 farmers, we create more than ten million cubic meters of clean groundwater a year. We also work with a coalition of upstream sites regarding these ancient and influential paddy fields by arranging exchange programs and promoting “local production for local consumption”.
Secondly, I would like to expand upon the maintenance of watershed protection forests. Irrigation water for paddy field in the central part of the Shirakawa River is all derived from Shirakawa River. To ensure a stable river flow and to create sufficient groundwater, we have concluded an agreement for forest maintenance with our neighboring towns and villages and strive to maintain 656 hectares of watershed protection forest. In addition, we aim for local forest development with the support of volunteer citizens.
Third of all, we have addressed the issue of groundwater cultivation in order to foster a rainwater percolation in the urban areas. We have also implemented an original subsidy system for installing this rainwater percolation equipment or PVC greenhouses in dry fields which help rainwater get adequately absorbed.
Next, I will tell you about the citizens’ movement for water conservation.
The quantity of groundwater extraction in Kumamoto City is on a downward trend after peaking in 1984. The quantity of the extracted water for industrial or agricultural use has also declined; however, groundwater for use in everyday life, which accounts for 70 % of groundwater extraction in Kumamoto City, has not declined in quantity.
We have been promoting this water conservation movement and working towards efficient water-saving methods at home with citizens since 2004. We have also made July a campaign period for water conservation, having reported citizen water usage everyday, which we aim to reduce the total amount by 10 % in 5 years.
I would like to continue by introducing you to the Kumamoto Water Heritage Registration Program.
This program is designed to maintain the various local cultures and trades which are deeply linked with our water, such as architecture, customs, or food, for future generations to come. So far 63 concepts have been registered, and the bus tour to those Water Heritage sites is quite popular among citizens.
Next, I would like to explain about the challenges faced in establishing the official water examination. To conserve our water culture and pass it down to the next generations after us, it is vital that we instill awareness into citizens about our current water situation of Kumamoto. We have established the official water examination of Kumamoto City, with which you can enjoy learning about water of Kumamoto, and have been implementing this program.
We also work hard to provide environmental education and lifelong learning programs.
We created and regularly distribute supplementary readers for elementary students to learn about water. Regarding lifelong learning programs, we have arranged some courses of water that citizens can take at home as well as offering them in various locations.
Kumamoto City won the highest national award for water resource management, the Japan Water Grand Prix in 2008.
This prize is to be given to a person or an organization who improve the distinguished programs regarding revitalizing water circulation and aim to achieve a Japan in the 21st century where all water is safe, clean, and enjoyable.
The Ministry of the Environment has selected Suizenji Lake Ezu springs and Mount Kinpo springs in Kumamoto City as two of the 100 best waters of the Heisei Year.
These two springs were valued because of not only their water quality and size but also because of the communities’ or NPO’s proactive and continuing conservation activities for them.
As we have explained above, Kumamoto City is the most richest groundwater city in Japan.
However, there are currently many people who cannot obtain safe drinking water in Asia. We strive to spread awareness of such water-related problems in Asia and are considering sharing the information and message of our programs for groundwater conservation to other parts of the world.
This year marks 400th anniversary of the completion of Kumamoto Castle, which was originally built by the feudal lord Kato Kiyomasa. Honmaru Goten Palace has been restored and it attracts many visitors from both Japan and abroad. You can see panoramic views of downtown Kumamoto City as well as Mt. Aso from main tower of the castle.
We hope everyone attending this forum today will visit Kumamoto someday, enjoy the Kumamoto Castle or Lake Ezu or Mount Kinpo springs, and even enjoy tasting our groundwater that we feel so passionate about.
Thank you very much for your kind attention.