This document discusses data representation in computer networks. It defines data and describes how all data inside computers must be converted to binary form to be processed. It then discusses various forms of data representation including numbers, text, images, audio and video. The document outlines goals of understanding how data is represented and converted to machine language for numbers and text. It provides examples of binary representation of numbers and the ASCII code for representing text characters. Finally, it discusses calculating file sizes based on the number of ASCII characters.

1.  Paper Name : Computer Network
 Paper Code : OE-EE 702C
 Student Name : AASHISH AGARWAL
 University Roll No. : 13001620124
 Semester : Seventh
 Department : Electrical ( EE-C )
Registration No. : 201300101610050 of 2020-21

2. .
DATA : collection of discrete or continuous values that convey information, describing the quantity,
quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be
further interpreted formally.
Data Representation refers to the form in which data is stored, processed, and transmitted.
Forms of data representation :
 Numbers
 Text
 Images
 Audio
 Video
All data inside a computer is transmitted as a series of electrical signals that are either on or off. To
process any data, including text, images and sound, they must be converted into binary form.
 If the data is not converted into binary, the computer will simply not understand it or be able to
process it.

3. .
TO UNDERSTAND HOW DATA IS REPRESENTED IN
COMPUTER NETWORKS AND RELATED DEVICES.
TO LEARN THE NUMBER AND TEXT DATA
CONVERSION INTO THE MACHINE LEVEL LANGUAGE.
TO GET IN DEPTH KNOWLEDGE OF THE VARIOUS
SYSTEMS USED FOR THE DATA REPRESENTATION AND
HOW IS SIZE OF A FILE ESTIMATED IN A DEVICE.

4. .
Represented by bit patterns.
 Directly converted into binary representation to specify
mathematical operations.
 The 0s and 1s used to represent digital data.
 Number system normally used by human is in base 10.
Number File Formats –
Integer, Fixed point, Date, Boolean, Decimal, etc.
Example :

5. .
.
 Represented as bit pattern or sequence of bits (such as 0001 0111).
Various types of bits assigned to represent text symbols.
ASCII code : each number represents a character to be used to convert text into binary. It
takes each character on the keyboard and assigns it a binary number.
 ASCII code covers special characters including punctuation, the return key and
control characters as well as the number keys, capital letters and lower case letters.
ASCII code can only store 128 characters, enough for most words in English.
 Text File Formats –
.doc,.docx, .pdf, .rtf, .txt, etc.
 Example :
the letter ‘B’ has the binary number 0100 0010
Character Character code
in denary
Character code
in binary
a 97 0110 0001
b 98 0110 0010
c 99 0110 0011

6. .
Characters are as follows :
• Letters ( upper and lower case letters have separate codes )
• Punctuation ( ?/|£$ )
• Numbers ( 0–9 )
• Non-printing commands ( Enter, Delete, F1 )
ASCII : 'American Standard Code for Information Interchange’, started by using 7 bits to represent
characters, which allowed for a maximum of 128 characters to be represented.
. 6
Widespread use of the www made it more important to have a universal
international coding system, as the range of platforms and programs has
increased dramatically,with more developers from around the world using a
much wider range of characters.
The character set, Unicode can be encoded on a computer with three
different encoding standards – UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32

7. .
 In ASCII, each character uses 8 bits of storage equivalent to 1 byte.When
calculating the file size of a text file that uses ASCII, we have to find the total
number of characters and multiply it by 1 byte.
 Example :
A text file contains
 Thus, to conclude, we can say that understanding the number and text
conversion to data representation is a vital aspect in order to communicate
with computer and other networking devices.
Number of
characters
File size in bits File size in
bytes
1 8 bits 1 byte
20 20 × 8 = 160 bits 20 × 1 byte
= 20 bytes

8. .
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
https://en.wikipedia.org/
Data Communications and Networking – A. Forouzan,TMH 2004
Images and other related content from google.com