This document summarizes stakeholder perspectives on cultural landscapes in Bagendon and Salmonsbury, England. Stakeholders include farmers, residents, politicians, and professionals in archaeology, wildlife, and heritage preservation. They describe cultural landscapes as areas shaped by human and natural influences over time. Sustainable landscape management aims to balance farming, wildlife, and archaeology. Stakeholders suggest raising awareness through open farm days, educational displays, and storytelling to engage the public and care for cultural landscapes. The research will now compare these UK sites to others to develop best practices for cultural landscape management.

1. {
Understanding perceptions of cultural
landscapes: First insights into the management
and meaning of Bagendon and Salmonsbury
Comprendre la perception des paysages culturels : premières impression
de la gestion et la compréhension de Bagendon et Salmonsbury
Comprendiendo las percepciones de los paisajes culturales: primeras
impresiones sobre la gestión y el significado de Bagendon y
Salmonsbury
Dr Gemma Tully

2. Who are the stakeholders?
• Landowners/Farmers
• Tenant farmers
• Local residents and Parish Council representatives
• Local politicians
• Employees and volunteers for wildlife organisations
• Groups connected to the preservation of the beauty of the Cotswolds
• Archaeologists and heritage professionals
• Local students of archaeology and British wildlife
• Local business people
• School teachers
• Leisure users (including metal detectorists)

3. Mapping task

4. Exploring perceptions
General perceptions and suggestions:
• Individual connection/relationship to the landscape
• What they value about the landscape
• How they use/make use of the landscape
• How they feel the landscape is managed/could be better managed
• Information that is lacking
• Suggestions for raising awareness
• Hopes for the future
Assessing levels of knowledge/familiarity with:
• The term cultural landscape
• The meaning of sustainable landscape management
• Oppida
• Laws, grants or guidelines connected to the landscape

5. “To me a "cultural landscape" is any landscape that has had human
intervention in the past or over time…” (Museum professional)
“The way the landscape has affected the people who live here and how the
people have affected the landscape…” (Bagendon resident)
“[It is] more than just the physical landscape, it is the manmade things that go
on top of it, so it could be small farm buildings, horse sheds[…]also public
access paths, things like long barrows and Roman villas, even if they are
underneath it!” (Bagendon resident)
“I suppose it is a landscape that’s been altered by humans/shaped by human
life really, not totally natural.“ (Tenant farmer)
“It is the footprint of humankind in the landscape, on the landscape, and how
this progresses through time…how the landscape is continually adapted and
changed to suit people’s needs.” (Metal detectorist and student of
archaeology)
How would you describe a cultural
landscape?

6. “The primary concern is to make sure people can continue to farm and earn
their living from the landscape but reduce the impact on wildlife and the
archaeology.” (Professional archaeologist)
“For a site like Greystones (Salmonsbury), sustainable landscape management
is something that keeps all the elements of interest in tact, accessible and in
good health for as long as possible…” (Environmental professional)
“Being sustainable also allows it [the landscape] to naturally progress.”
(Archaeology student)
“Sustainability is very much a soil thing, it’s a weather thing, it’s a people
thing, it’s allowing the land to be managed in an efficient way in that it isn’t
losing money but is not being ‘done to death’.” (Local politician)
What does sustainable landscape
management mean to you?

7. “There is a balance between the natural world and the manmade
world…the buildings and the landscape just sort of fit together, it is a
harmonious landscape.” (Environmental professional)
“The Cotswolds is such a well-known brand nationally and
internationally…[this] is very useful as we don’t have to push very hard
to guide change in landscape management.“ (Environmental
professional)
“It is nice to think there was a large pre-Roman encampment there
[Bagendon] and that they were probably sheep farming, like us. There is
a deep history and connection between farming and archaeology then
and now.“ (Tenant farmer)
General perceptions of the Cotswolds (Bagendon and
Salmonsbury) cultural landscape

8. “Protecting sites should be done in conjunction with the farmers to
make sure the archaeology is not damaged but nor are the farmers
livelihoods.” (Archaeological professional)
“If you raise awareness of the wildlife and the farming, you raise
awareness of the archaeology and vice versa.” (Wildlife student)
“By valuing your landscape you automatically value the other things.
We already know that British tourism is worth much more than
farming, but tourism uses the farming landscape as its background.”
(Environmental professional)
“People, like us (farmers), help wildlife if they can, that is part of
working in the countryside…Wildlife-friendly farming can actually
increase yield.” (Farmer)
“Through contact with the farmers and working
– not just talking – with them, I understand how their
pressures relate to the archaeology and how we can
compromise.” (Independent archaeological businessman)
Use it to save it!

9. “Open farm days promote understanding...it is the same with wildlife and
archaeology as it is easier to get people engaged interactively to create
knowledge for the public.” (Farmer)
“There could be a display cabinet with information and objects in the village
(Bagendon) showing how things looked and worked back through the ages.”
(Local resident)
“Information to make people aware of what they are doing and what effect
they have on wildlife, farm animals (because of their dogs) and site erosion.”
(Wildlife student)
“Greystones (Salmonsbury) could be part of a village trail as it has the range of
interests from prehistory up to modern farming (with the milking machine)
alongside the ecology – the river, the otters, the wildflowers, the butterflies – to
pull it all together for people.” (Local politician)
“Greystones (Salmonsbury) is steeped in local history…the place has been used
as a meeting point for thousands of years, so if you wanted to gather local
stories and oral histories, and gather people together, it would be a very good
place for that.” (Archaeology student)
“You need a website, an app and hands-on activities and open days - build a
roundhouse!” (Archaeology student)
Ideas for engagement

10. • The same process is starting here in Bibracte and in Avila
• Compare the data to see what we can learn from each
other
• Develop events and resources to increase awareness and
understanding of the research themes of the REFIT
project
• Start to develop ideas of best practice for managing
cultural landscapes beyond the case study sites.
What next?

11. Please feel free to contact me with
ideas/comments:
gemma.tully@durham.ac.uk
Thank you for listening!