12Cyber Research ProposalCyb

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Cyber Research Proposal
Cybersecurity in business
Introduction
Because of today's international economy, securing a company's
intellectual property, financial information, and good name is
critical for the company's long-term survival and growth.
However, with the rise in risks and cyber vulnerability, most
businesses find it difficult to keep up with the competition.
Since their inception, most companies have reported 16% fraud,
37.7% financial losses, and an average of over 11% share value
loss, according to data compiled by the US security. Most
corporations and governments are working hard to keep their
customers and residents safe from harm. There are both physical
and cybersecurity risks involved with these threats. According
to a recent study, many company owners aren't aware of the full
scope of cybersecurity. People who own their businesses must

deal with various issues daily.
Nevertheless, steps are being taken to address these issues.
Customers and the company are likely to be protected by the
measures adopted. Cybersecurity is one of the most pressing
issues facing organizations today. Leaks of a company's
intellectual property and other secrets may have devastating
effects on its operations, as competitors and rivals will do all in
their power to stop them. is an excellent illustration of this.
This is perhaps the most talked-about security compromise of
the year [footnoteRef:3]. The firm was severely damaged
because of this. [1: "Database security attacks and control
methods."] [2:q "Comprehending the IoT cyber threat
landscape: A data dimensionality reduction technique to infer
and characterize Internet-scale IoT probing campaigns."] [3:
"The Equifax data breach: What cpas and firms need to know
now." ]
Some individuals take advantage of clients by stealing highly
important information to profit financially from their actions.
For example, if the wrong individuals get their hands on your
credit card information, you're in serious trouble since you
might lose money. Some families lose all their resources, while
others are forced to declare bankruptcy after being financially
stable for a long period. Many of the findings of this study will
be focused on cybersecurity and the sources of cybersecurity
risks. The paper outlines a few of the issues and solutions that
organizations may use to keep their operations and consumers
safe from exploiting dishonest individuals.
Research question
According to the most recent study, more than 1500 companies
have been exposed to some cybersecurity
assault[footnoteRef:4]. This research details the specific types
of attacks that have occurred. Organizational operations are
affected, as is corporate governance, and the internal
management of financial status is rendered ineffective due to
these assaults. The question that will be investigated during the
study is: [4: "Towards blockchain-based identity and access

management for internet of things in enterprises."]
How does a company’s performance suffer because of
cybersecurity, and What are the best practices for enhancing
cybersecurity in business?
Purpose statement
Today's IT environment is diverse, dispersed, and cross-border
in scope. As a result, it isn't easy to keep track of user identities
across many platforms. Because identity mistakes may be very
expensive, it's critical to correctly federate identities using
security technologies that provide a business the control and
security it needs. For example, an organization's intellectual
property and its secrets are very important. If the rivals get their
hands on them, they may easily bring the company to its knees.
Theft and resale of company data are common occurrences.
Cybercriminals have stolen large amounts of data from several
firms. Therefore, an organization must understand how these
attacks are carried out and use the recommended measures to
prevent these attacks.
Businesses and their customers' intellectual property rights are
at risk from various sources when it comes to cybersecurity
risks. Threats to enterprise security may come from various
places, including the ones listed below. “The Bot Network
operating system, which is used to spread phishing programs
and other malware, is the first to utilize remote-controlled
operations to conduct attacks”[footnoteRef:5]. Underground
marketplaces are the most commonplace to find these networks.
In addition, criminals who organize assaults for financial gain
pose a concern. In this situation, spam and other malware
programs steal personal information, conduct online fraud, and
manipulate computers[footnoteRef:6]. Businesses and
governments are put at risk because of the ability to conduct
commercial espionage wielded by certain criminal organizations
and global corporate spies. [5: "The DODAS Experience on the
EGI Federated Cloud."] [6: “Security and Privacy in
Communication Networks”]
Also, hackers have long been acknowledged to represent a

significant threat to a firm's cybersecurity. For various motives,
such as vengeance, financial gain, or even political aspirations,
these organizations break into networks without authorization.
Because they use attack scripts and other internet protocols to
get into the targeted websites, getting into a company's system
without going via the normal channels involves a lot of
technical know-how. Such individuals are a significant
hindrance to a company's development and a threat to the
privacy of its customers[footnoteRef:7]. An insider danger to a
company's cyber security is also a possibility. Because of their
experience, these people don't need to be computer experts to
access the company's network and inflict damage by changing
and stealing data. Contractors and other low-skilled staff are the
most dangerous insiders since they may unintentionally inject
malware into the system. [7: "Intellectual property—The
Foundation of Innovation: A scientist's guide to intellectual
property." ]
Literature Review
Introduction
At the current time, most of the economic as well as
commercial, cultural and even governmental activities along
with interactions regarding nations, at all the levels, inclusive
of the individuals as well as well as the nongovernmental and
governmental organizations are performed in the cyberspace. In
the recent times, most of the private fines and even
governmental firms globally are experiencing the issues
associated with cyberattacks. The current era is one which is
highly dependent on the electronic technology and securing this
kind of data from the cyberattacks is a difficult issue (Corallo et
al., 2021). The key aim of this literature review is to analyze
three key themes which are associated with cybersecurity in
business. The three themes which will be analyzed in this case
are cyberspace threats as well as cybersecurity concept and
cybersecurity policies.
Cyber space threats
Naturally, it is considered the scope regarding the global

cyberspace, which is associated with the creation of overlapping
along with overlapping areas regarding control for the national
actors with distinct legal along with cultural approaches and
distinct strategic interests. Gordon & Loeb (2006) state that
nations globally have become sufficiently dependent on the
cyberspace for the communication needs as well as control
regarding the physical world in a manner which is improbable to
separate from it. Therefore, according to Gordon & Loeb
(2006), thesecurity tasks along with functions regarding each
nation are highly impacted by the identified cyberspace. Due to
the global production regarding software as well as hardware
products, it is considered impossible to offer guarantees in the
given product supply chain process. The scalability regarding
the cyber domain is considered the make it qualitatively
distinct.
Despite the needed concentration as well as specialized
knowledge, the disseminated nature regarding the cyber domain
is involved in the prevention of an individual or people from
finding complete control. Yang (2021) believes that the
alterations involved in the cyber field take place rapidly as well
as they are based on the constant advancement regarding
computing along with communication technologies. Cyber
cohesion is associated with the increment of this acceleration.
Each alteration is involved in the creation of a current era of
vulnerability as well as response. The cyberspace can therefore
be regarded as being far from static as well as almost dynamic
in its entire lifespan.
Cyber-security
Cybersecurity is regarded as being an essential issue that is
found in the infrastructure regarding each company as well as
organization. Bejarano (2021)illustrates that a company which
is on the basis of cyber security can attain high level status as
well as numerous successes, due to the fact that this kind of
success is the outcome associated with the capability of the
company to secure the private as well as the customer data
against a certain competitor. Organizations as well as

competitors of the customers and people are considered abusive.
It is key that an organization firstly offers this kind of security
in the most appropriate way to help in the establishment and in
the development of itself and its infrastructures.
Yang (2021) gives an overview of what is included in
cybersecurity. Cybersecurity entails the practical measures to
help in the protection of information as well as networks and
even data against the internal as well as the external threats.
The cybersecurity professionals usually are involved in the
protection of networks as well as the servers, intranets and even
computer systems. Cybersecurity ensures that the sole
authorized individuals gain accessibility to that set of
information. For better security, it is essential to have
knowledge on the kinds of cyber security. According to Kaplan
& Weinberg (2011) there are different types of cybersecurity
which are network security as well as application security,
information security, cloud, and operational security.
Cyber-security policy
Cyber is associated with having increased the yield regarding
the community as well as appropriately disseminated
information over time. No matter what application or even
industry cyber is utilized, increment of production has always
been highly considered. Fast data transfer to the cyberspace
usually is associated with declining the identified total system
security. Corallo & Pontrandolfo (2021)state that for the
technology kind of professionals who enhance production,
security indicators are usually in direct conflict with the
progress since prevention indicators usually minimize as well as
prohibit or even delay the user access and respond to the
management attention.
Bejarano (2021)illustrates that the system changes to the
satisfactory as well as immediate system equipment. The
conflict which exists between the identified security situation as
well as cyber performance often demand along with the
identified cybersecurity policy is key. The identified term
policy is utilized in numerous areas associated with

cybersecurity and is used to refer to the information distribution
rules along with regulations, private sector goals and the system
operations measures for the control of technology.
Cybersecurity policy is key for the national wide efforts in
ensuring success in the efficiency and effectiveness of the entire
cybersecurity space. Different authors reveal that cybersecurity
policy helps in overcoming any negative changes that happen to
the world of cybersecurity in the businesses.
Research methodology: Quantitative method
According to the information presented in the introduction,
cybersecurity is a complicated problem, and a wide range of
strategies will be used to gather data. It will be difficult to
obtain and filter information on corporate security since most
companies either deny or are unaware of the cyber risks. A
large amount of information is released each year by the US
Department Of Defense about cybersecurity goals and
procedures. Thus, this official data will help establish a
quantitative foundation for corporate security.
Through interviews, we will gather more quantitative data.
Security experts and others suspected of posing a cyber security
danger will focus on the first interview. Participants for the
interview will be recruited using a combination of traditional
methods such as word-of-mouth and specialized websites and
seminars. Businesses from a wide range of demographics will be
notified about their involvement in an interview assessing the
current state of cybersecurity. None of the information listed
above will be discussed during the interview to prevent bias in
favor of the research questions. Instead, questions on dangers
and targeted groups will be left unanswered so that participants
may express their views based on their own experiences. The
research will go on to hypothesis testing after the required
quantitative data has been gathered from the study of business
organizations. Search engines like Google Scholar or others
may be used to locate information and publications gathered by
other scholars on cybersecurity.
Putting all this information together will provide you with the

raw data you need to do your study. Before analyzing the data,
it will first be sorted into perceptions of the truth, the
deficiencies, and even conclusions. The comparison of diverse
perspectives will be made easier by categorizing them. The
survey will examine the perceptions of businesses and hackers.
Interviews and other relevant organizations will be used to get
the data. As for truth, it will focus on what data tells us about
the security of corporate enterprises. The flaws will serve as a
basis for contrasting what's true with what people think they
see.
Conclusion
Cybersecurity is a prominent concern both nationally and
worldwide to safeguard consumers and companies. Information
security, government service delivery, and defense measures
must be developed due to the surge in cybercrime. Proper
procedures should be in place to help respond promptly in the
event of a cyber-attack. According to a recent survey,
cyberattacks have cost many people and companies much
money. Some individuals have gone broke because of cyber
thieves stealing from their bank accounts, and others have lost
all their fortunes. As a result, governments throughout the wor ld
must take action to establish systems, laws, and regulations to
combat cybercrime[footnoteRef:8]. Most nations have seen
income declines and an increase in cyber-attacks due to their
failure to educate their citizens about the dangers of such
assaults. The people of these nations should be educated on how
to protect themselves against cyberattacks and defend
themselves if one occurs. [8: "Improving the business processes
management from the knowledge management."]
Work cited
Bejarano, M. H. (2021). Cybersecurity and Business Continuity
in Pandemic Times. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell
Biology, 25(6), 7280-7289.
Corallo, A., Lazoi, M., Lezzi, M., & Pontrandolfo, P. (2021).
Cybersecurity Challenges for Manufacturing Systems 4.0:
Assessment of the Business Impact Level. IEEE Transactions on

Engineering Management.
Gordon, L. A., & Loeb, M. P. (2006). Managing cybersecurity
resources: A cost-benefit analysis (Vol. 1). New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Kaplan, J., Sharma, S., & Weinberg, A. (2011). Meeting the
cybersecurity challenge. Digit. McKinsey.
Lin, Xiaodong, Ali Ghorbani, Kui Ren, Sencun Zhu, and Aiqing
Zhang, eds. Security and Privacy in Communication Networks:
SecureComm 2017 International Workshops, ATCS and
SePrIoT, Niagara Falls, ON, Canada, October 22–25, 2017,
Proceedings. Vol. 239. Springer, 2018.
Malik, Mubina, and Trisha Patel. "Database securityattacks and
control methods." International Journal of Information 6, no.
1/2 (2016): 175-183.
Nuss, Martin, Alexander Puchta, and Michael Kunz. "Towards
blockchain-based identity and access management for internet
of things in enterprises." In International Conference on Trust
and Privacy in Digital Business, pp. 167-181. Springer, Cham,
2018.
Pour, Morteza Safaei, Elias Bou-Harb, Kavita Varma, Nataliia
Neshenko, Dimitris A. Pados, and Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo.
"Comprehending the IoT cyber threat landscape: A data
dimensionality reduction technique to infer and characterize
Internet-scale IoT probing campaigns." Digital Investigation 28
(2019): S40-S49.
Primoff, Walter, and Sidney Kess. "The equifax data breach:
What cpas and firms need to know now." The CPA Journal 87,
no. 12 (2017): 14-17.
Poticha, David, and Mark W. Duncan. "Intellectual property—
The Foundation of Innovation: A scientist's guide to intellectual
property." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 54, no. 3 (2019): 288-
300.
Spiga, Daniele, Enol Fernandez, Vincenzo Spinoso, Diego
Ciangottini, Mirco Tracolli, Giacinto Donvito, Marica
Antonacci et al. "The DODAS Experience on the EGI Federated
Cloud." In EPJ Web of Conferences, vol. 245, p. 07033. EDP

Sciences, 2020.
Tabares, Marta S., Liliana Giraldo, and Luis Joyanes.
"Improving the business processes management from the
knowledge management." In Proceedings of the The 11th
International Knowledge Management in Organizations
Conference on The Changing Face of Knowledge Management
Impacting Society, pp. 1-8. 2016.
Yang, S. C. (2021). A meta-model of cybersecurity curriculums:
Assessing cybersecurity curricular frameworks for business
schools. Journal of Education for Business, 96(2), 99-110.
Cyber White Paper
1
Cyber White Paper
4
Cyber White Paper

RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Cybersecurity in business
Introduction
Because of today's international economy, securing a company's
intellectual property, financial informatio n, and good name is
critical for the company's long-term survival and growth.
However, with the rise in risks and cyber vulnerability, most
businesses find it difficult to keep up with the competition.
Since their inception, most companies have reported 16% fraud,
37.7% financial losses, and an average of over 11% share value
loss, according to data compiled by the US security
agencies[footnoteRef:1]. Most corporations and governments
are working hard to keep their customers and residents safe
from harm. There are both physical and cybersecurity risks
involved with these threats. According to a recent study, the
vast majority of company owners aren't aware of the full scope
of cybersecurity. People who own their businesses must deal
with various issues daily. Nevertheless, steps are being taken to
address these issues. Customers and the company are likely to
be protected by the measures adopted. Cybersecurity is one of
the most pressing issues facing organizations in today's society.
Leaks of a company's intellectual property and other secrets
may have devastating effects on its operations, as competitors
and rivals will do all in their power to stop
them[footnoteRef:2]. Equifax is an excellent illustration of this.
This is perhaps the most talked-about security compromise of
the yea[footnoteRef:3]r. The firm was severely damaged
because of this. [1: "Database securityattacks and control
methods."] [2: "Comprehending the IoT cyber threat
landscape: A data dimensionality reduction technique to infer
and characterize Internet-scale IoT probing campaigns."] [3:
"The equifax data breach: What cpas and firms need to know

now." ]
Some individuals take advantage of clients by stealing highly
important information to profit financially from their actions.
For example, if the wrong individuals get their hands on your
credit card information, you're in serious trouble since you
might lose money. Some families lose all of their resources,
while others are forced to declare bankruptcy after being
financially stable for a long period. Many of the findings of this
study will be focused on cybersecurity and the sources of
cybersecurity risks. The paper outlines a few of the issues and
solutions that organizations may use to keep their operations
and consumers safe from exploiting dishonest individuals.
Research question
According to the most recent study, more than 1500 companies
have been exposed to some cybersecurity
assault[footnoteRef:4]. This research details the specific types
of attacks that have occurred. Organizational operations are
affected, as is corporate governance, and the internal
management of financial status is rendered ineffective due to
these assaults. The question that will be investigated during the
study is: [4: "Towards blockchain-based identity and access
management for internet of things in enterprises."]
How does a company’s performance suffer because of
cybersecurity, and What are the best practices for enhancing
cybersecurity in business?
Purpose statement
Today's IT environment is diverse, dispersed, and cross-border
in scope. As a result, it isn't easy to keep track of user identities
across many platforms. Because identity mistakes may be very
expensive, it's critical to correctly federate identities using
security technologies that provide a business the control and
security it needs. For example, an organization's intellectual
property and its secrets are very important. If the rivals get their

hands on them, they may easily bring the company to its knees.
Theft and resale of company data are common occurrences.
Cybercriminals have stolen large amounts of data from several
firms. Therefore, an organization must understand how these
attacks are carried out and use the recommended measures to
prevent these attacks.
Businesses and their customers' intellectual property rights are
at risk from various sources when it comes to cybersecurity
risks. Threats to enterprise security may come from various
places, including the ones listed below. “The Bot Network
operating system, which is used to spread phishing programs
and other malware, is the first to utilize remote-controlled
operations to conduct attacks”[footnoteRef:5]. Underground
marketplaces are the most commonplace to find these networks.
In addition, criminals who organize assaults for financial gain
pose a concern. In this situation, spam and other malware
programs steal personal information, conduct online fraud, and
manipulate computers[footnoteRef:6]. Businesses and
governments are put at risk because of the ability to conduct
commercial espionage wielded by certain criminal organizations
and global corporate spies. [5: "The DODAS Experience on the
EGI Federated Cloud."] [6: “Security and Privacy in
Communication Networks”]
Also, hackers have long been acknowledged to represent a
significant threat to a firm's cybersecurity. For various motives,
such as vengeance, financial gain, or even political aspirations,
these organizations break into networks without authorization.
Because they use attack scripts and other internet protocols to
get into the targeted websites, getting into a company's system
without going via the normal channels involves a lot of
technical know-how. Such individuals are a significant
hindrance to a company's development and a threat to the
privacy of its customers[footnoteRef:7]. An insider danger to a
company's cyber security is also a possibility. Because of their
experience, these people don't need to be computer experts to

access the company's network and inflict damage by changing
and stealing data. Contractors and other low-skilled staff are the
most dangerous insiders since they may unintentionally inject
malware into the system. [7: "Intellectual property—The
Foundation of Innovation: A scientist's guide to intellectual
property." ]
Research methodology: Quantitative method
According to the information presented in the introduction,
cybersecurity is a complicated problem, and a wide range of
strategies will be used to gather data. It will be difficult to
obtain and filter information on corporate security since most
companies either deny or are unaware of the cyber risks. A
large amount of information is released each year by the US
Department Of Defense about cybersecurity goals and
procedures. Thus, this official data will help establish a
quantitative foundation for corporate security.
Through interviews, we will gather more quantitative data.
Security experts and others suspected of posing a cyber security
danger will focus on the first interview. Participants for the
interview will be recruited using a combination of traditional
methods such as word-of-mouth and specialized websites and
seminars. Businesses from a wide range of demographics will be
notified about their involvement in an interview assessing the
current state of cybersecurity. None of the information listed
above will be discussed during the interview to prevent bias in
favor of the research questions. Instead, questions on dangers
and targeted groups will be left unanswered so that participants
may express their views based on their own experiences. The
research will go on to hypothesis testing after the required
quantitative data has been gathered from the study of business
organizations. Search engines like Google Scholar or others
may be used to locate information and publications gathered by
other scholars on cybersecurity.
Putting all of this information together will provide you with

the raw data you need to do your study. Before analyzing the
data, it will first be sorted into perceptions of the truth, the
deficiencies, and even conclusions. The comparison of diverse
perspectives will be made easier by categorizing them. The
survey will examine the perceptions of businesses and hackers.
Interviews and other relevant organizations will be used to get
the data. As for truth, it will focus on what data tells us about
the security of corporate enterprises. The flaws will serve as a
basis for contrasting what's true with what people think they
see.
Conclusion
Cybersecurity is a prominent concern both nationally and
worldwide to safeguard consumers and companies. Information
security, government service delivery, and defense measures
must be developed due to the surge in cybercrime. Proper
procedures should be in place to help respond promptly in the
event of a cyber-attack. According to a recent survey,
cyberattacks have cost many people and companies much
money. Some individuals have gone broke because of cyber
thieves stealing from their bank accounts, and others have lost
all their fortunes. As a result, governments throughout the world
must take action to establish systems, laws, and regulations to
combat cybercrime[footnoteRef:8]. Most nations have seen
income declines and an increase in cyber-attacks due to their
failure to educate their citizens about the dangers of such
assaults. The people of these nations should be educated on how
to protect themselves against cyberattacks and defend
themselves if one occurs. [8: "Improving the business processes
management from the knowledge management."]
Work cited

Lin, Xiaodong, Ali Ghorbani, Kui Ren, Sencun Zhu, and Aiqing
Zhang, eds. Security and Privacy in Communication Networks:
SecureComm 2017 International Workshops, ATCS and
SePrIoT, Niagara Falls, ON, Canada, October 22–25, 2017,
Proceedings. Vol. 239. Springer, 2018.
Malik, Mubina, and Trisha Patel. "Database securityattacks and
control methods." International Journal of Information 6, no.
1/2 (2016): 175-183.
Nuss, Martin, Alexander Puchta, and Michael Kunz. "Towards
blockchain-based identity and access management for internet
of things in enterprises." In International Conference on Trust
and Privacy in Digital Business, pp. 167-181. Springer, Cham,
2018.
Spiga, Daniele, Enol Fernandez, Vincenzo Spinoso, Diego
Ciangottini, Mirco Tracolli, Giacinto Donvito, Marica
Antonacci et al. "The DODAS Experience on the EGI Federated
Cloud." In EPJ Web of Conferences, vol. 245, p. 07033. EDP
Sciences, 2020.
Tabares, Marta S., Liliana Giraldo, and Luis Joyanes.
"Improving the business processes management from the
knowledge management." In Proceedings of the The 11th
International Knowledge Management in Organizations
Conference on The Changing Face of Knowledge Management
Impacting Society, pp. 1-8. 2016.
Pour, Morteza Safaei, Elias Bou-Harb, Kavita Varma, Nataliia
Neshenko, Dimitris A. Pados, and Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo.
"Comprehending the IoT cyber threat landscape: A data
dimensionality reduction technique to infer and characterize
Internet-scale IoT probing campaigns." Digital Investigation 28
(2019): S40-S49.
Primoff, Walter, and Sidney Kess. "The equifax data breach:
What cpas and firms need to know now." The CPA Journal 87,
no. 12 (2017): 14-17.
Poticha, David, and Mark W. Duncan. "Intellectual property—
The Foundation of Innovation: A scientist's guide to intellectual
property." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 54, no. 3 (2019): 288-

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