124 CHAPTER 4 Hellenistic Civilization
CHRONOLOGY: THE WORLD OF THE CELTS
ca. 750 B.c.E.
ca. 450 B.c.E.
ca. 400 B.c.E.
ca. 390-386 B.C.E.
279 B.C.E.
270s B.c.E.
Hallstatt Celts start settling in Europe
La Tene Celts develop centers in Rhine and Danube valleys
Celts expand from Central Europe
Celts invade Italy and plunder Rome
Celts invade Greece
Celts establish kingdom of Galatia in Anatolia
HELLENISTIC SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
B W h a t were the d i s t i n g u i s h i n g features o f
H e l l e n i s t i c society a n d c u l t u r e , a n d w h a t
was the result o f encounters b e t w e e n
Greeks a n d non-Greeks?
Chronic warfare among monarchs made p o l i t i -
cal u n i t y among the Hellenist ic k ingdoms impos-
sible. Nevertheless, the social inst i tut ions and
culture of Greek-speaking people in a l l these
k ingdoms gave them a u n i t y that their monarchs
could n o t achieve.
Urbaiii Society
Greek city l ife defined Hellenist ic c i v i l i z a t i o n .
Alexander and his successors seized dozens of
Greek city-states scattered across the eastern
Medi te r ranean and founded dozens of new cities
in all the terri tories they conquered. Hel lenist ic
cities were m u c h more than garrisons estab-
lished to enforce the conquerors ' power. They
cont inued t radi t ions o f learning, ar t , architec-
ture, and cit izen par t i c ipa t ion in public l i fe that
had f lour ished i n the classical poleis. M o s t
i m p o r t a n t , people i n cities t h r o u g h o u t the H e l -
lenistic w o r l d spoke a standard version of Greek
called Koine that gave t h e m a sense of c o m m o n
ident i ty .
O n the surface, many of the inst i tut ions of
the classical poleis remained the same: magis-
' trates, councils, and p o p u l a r assemblies r a n the
cities' affairs, and some f o r m of democracy or
election to office remained the n o r m in local
government . Yet beneath the surface, the poleis
had undergone radical changes. Because kings
wielded absolute power, once-independent cities
such as Athens and C o r i n t h lost their freedom to
make peace or wage war. A l t h o u g h they chose
their o w n local governments, these cities n o w
served as the bureaucratic centers that adminis-
tered their rulers ' huge kmgdoms .
As we saw i n Chapter 3, cit izenship i n the
city-states of classical Greece was a careful ly
l imi ted c o m m o d i t y that gave people a sense of
identity, guaranteed desirable r ights and p r i v i -
leges, and demanded certain responsibilit ies.
The terr i tories that any city-state c o n t r o l l e d
were relatively smal l , yet even Athens at the
height of its empire i n the f i f t h century B.C.E.
never considered g iv ing A t h e n i a n cit izenship t o
all the people i t r u l e d , even w i t h i n A t t i c a . I n
contrast , d u r i n g the Hellenist ic Age, large k i n g -
doms conta in ing many cities were the basic
po l i t i ca l .
Athens was the intellectual center of Greece and invented democracy in 508 BC. Citizens met monthly in the Assembly to discuss state affairs, with no government decisions made without consulting them. Athens experienced growth in culture, arts, and economy during this period. However, it eventually fell under Macedonian and Roman rule. The territory struggled until becoming Greece's capital in 1834.
This document discusses why ancient Greek ideas and culture should be taught to all citizens, not just the privileged few. It argues that while the Greeks learned from other ancient cultures, they played an exceptional role in disseminating knowledge and asking philosophical questions that shaped Western democracy and ideas of happiness. However, currently classics education tends to be restricted to private schools and signals social privilege rather than exposing all to Greek intellectual traditions. The document calls for embracing classics for citizens to give everyone access to the intellectual skills and critical thinking developed by the ancient Greeks.
This document discusses why ancient Greek ideas and culture should be taught to all citizens, not just the privileged few. It argues that while the Greeks learned from other ancient cultures, they played an exceptional role in disseminating knowledge and asking philosophical questions that shaped Western democracy and ideas of happiness. However, currently classics education tends to be restricted to private schools and signals social privilege rather than intellectual enrichment. The document calls for embracing classics for all through classical civilisation qualifications in every school to provide citizens with skills like critical thinking and expanding access to elite universities.
Modern archaeology has helped to verify many of the stories that w.docxannandleola
Modern archaeology has helped to verify many of the stories that were passed down within Greek culture, and the Cyclades present a logical location for this cultural genesis. From about 1900 until approximately 1375 BCE, the Minoan culture, named for legendary King Minos, thrived on Crete. Minoan culture was known for establishing extensive trade routes to places as geographically removed from the island as Scandinavia and Afghanistan. They imported various precious stones and metals, including the tin that was needed to produce bronze. The culture associated the bull with the virility of men, and the sacrifice of that and other animals was common. The Minoans worshiped female deities, although the specifics of their religion remain under debate. Similarly, the reasons behind the abandonment of the palace at Knossos on Crete in about 1450 BCE also remain unknown. There are several possibilities for the abandonment, but the result was a swift occupation by the Mycenaeans of the Greek Peloponnese.
The warlike Mycenaen culture was known for defensive architecture and a feudal political structure. The architecture most associated with this culture was cyclopean masonry. The blocks of rough-hewn stone that were used in the creation of defensive walls and protective citadels were so large that the later Greeks believed that only a member of the mythical race of monsters known as Cyclopes could have built the structures. The Mycenaens' political structure involved allegiances between lords and those protected by the local rulers. Kings influenced not only the cities they controlled, but also the surrounding area through allegiances with the lords. The protection of the lord or the king came at an expense, and a system of taxes ensured the desired level of protection would continue. This also allowed the king to obtain unusual wealth, as confirmed by archaeological excavations of elite burials where gold and silver death masks and other ornate grave goods have been uncovered. About 1100 BCE, the center of this civilization, Mycenae, fell after King Agamemnon began and then lost the Trojan War.
By 800 BCE, Greek poleis (city-states) began to develop. The rise of a truly Greek civilization happened as these city-states developed. The people of the early city-states, even the large ones, were mainly agrarian and life was centered on the production of crops. Religious beliefs assigned gods and goddesses to each area of life in which Greek people functioned, and the gods had human qualities, both positive and negative. The poleis were not geographically close to one another, and by the 8th century BCE, sanctuaries arose where people, generally men, from various poleis could gather to share important cultural elements. As city-states vied for status, the construction of ever more impressive temples developed. The early Greek civilization developed its own distinctive forms of architecture, government, art (including performing arts such as theatre, music, ...
Greece's mountainous geography led to the development of independent city-states. Two major city-states were Athens, which established democracy, and Sparta, which had a militaristic society ruled by elite nobles. During the Classical period from 500-338 BCE, Athens and other city-states developed philosophy, drama, and architecture that have endured. Alexander the Great then conquered much of the known world and spread Greek culture, leading to a multicultural Hellenistic society across a vast trade network with advances in science, philosophy, and religion.
From the 9th century BC to the 6th century BC, several significant developments occurred in ancient Greece that helped establish Greek civilization. The Greeks began keeping detailed written records of events and transactions. They also began using more durable materials like stone and bronze for writing. This period saw the rise of the Greek city-state as the primary political unit, with many city-states founding colonies abroad to establish trade networks and export excess population. Warfare evolved from heroic combat to organized battles between hoplite infantry from rival city-states. Greek society transitioned from monarchies to aristocracies and sometimes tyrannies, with some city-states developing early democratic political systems.
- Ancient Greece was made up of mountainous peninsulas and islands, which caused small independent communities to develop with different ways of life and encouraged political participation and conflict.
- The Minoan civilization on Crete was established by 2800 BC and traded by sea, but suffered a catastrophe around 1450 BC possibly due to volcanic eruption or invasion.
- The Mycenaeans established fortified city-states with warrior aristocracies from 1100-1000 BC and developed trade networks, before their civilization collapsed around 1100 BC after invasions.
Athens was the intellectual center of Greece and invented democracy in 508 BC. Citizens met monthly in the Assembly to discuss state affairs, with no government decisions made without consulting them. Athens experienced growth in culture, arts, and economy during this period. However, it eventually fell under Macedonian and Roman rule. The territory struggled until becoming Greece's capital in 1834.
This document discusses why ancient Greek ideas and culture should be taught to all citizens, not just the privileged few. It argues that while the Greeks learned from other ancient cultures, they played an exceptional role in disseminating knowledge and asking philosophical questions that shaped Western democracy and ideas of happiness. However, currently classics education tends to be restricted to private schools and signals social privilege rather than exposing all to Greek intellectual traditions. The document calls for embracing classics for citizens to give everyone access to the intellectual skills and critical thinking developed by the ancient Greeks.
This document discusses why ancient Greek ideas and culture should be taught to all citizens, not just the privileged few. It argues that while the Greeks learned from other ancient cultures, they played an exceptional role in disseminating knowledge and asking philosophical questions that shaped Western democracy and ideas of happiness. However, currently classics education tends to be restricted to private schools and signals social privilege rather than intellectual enrichment. The document calls for embracing classics for all through classical civilisation qualifications in every school to provide citizens with skills like critical thinking and expanding access to elite universities.
Modern archaeology has helped to verify many of the stories that w.docxannandleola
Modern archaeology has helped to verify many of the stories that were passed down within Greek culture, and the Cyclades present a logical location for this cultural genesis. From about 1900 until approximately 1375 BCE, the Minoan culture, named for legendary King Minos, thrived on Crete. Minoan culture was known for establishing extensive trade routes to places as geographically removed from the island as Scandinavia and Afghanistan. They imported various precious stones and metals, including the tin that was needed to produce bronze. The culture associated the bull with the virility of men, and the sacrifice of that and other animals was common. The Minoans worshiped female deities, although the specifics of their religion remain under debate. Similarly, the reasons behind the abandonment of the palace at Knossos on Crete in about 1450 BCE also remain unknown. There are several possibilities for the abandonment, but the result was a swift occupation by the Mycenaeans of the Greek Peloponnese.
The warlike Mycenaen culture was known for defensive architecture and a feudal political structure. The architecture most associated with this culture was cyclopean masonry. The blocks of rough-hewn stone that were used in the creation of defensive walls and protective citadels were so large that the later Greeks believed that only a member of the mythical race of monsters known as Cyclopes could have built the structures. The Mycenaens' political structure involved allegiances between lords and those protected by the local rulers. Kings influenced not only the cities they controlled, but also the surrounding area through allegiances with the lords. The protection of the lord or the king came at an expense, and a system of taxes ensured the desired level of protection would continue. This also allowed the king to obtain unusual wealth, as confirmed by archaeological excavations of elite burials where gold and silver death masks and other ornate grave goods have been uncovered. About 1100 BCE, the center of this civilization, Mycenae, fell after King Agamemnon began and then lost the Trojan War.
By 800 BCE, Greek poleis (city-states) began to develop. The rise of a truly Greek civilization happened as these city-states developed. The people of the early city-states, even the large ones, were mainly agrarian and life was centered on the production of crops. Religious beliefs assigned gods and goddesses to each area of life in which Greek people functioned, and the gods had human qualities, both positive and negative. The poleis were not geographically close to one another, and by the 8th century BCE, sanctuaries arose where people, generally men, from various poleis could gather to share important cultural elements. As city-states vied for status, the construction of ever more impressive temples developed. The early Greek civilization developed its own distinctive forms of architecture, government, art (including performing arts such as theatre, music, ...
Greece's mountainous geography led to the development of independent city-states. Two major city-states were Athens, which established democracy, and Sparta, which had a militaristic society ruled by elite nobles. During the Classical period from 500-338 BCE, Athens and other city-states developed philosophy, drama, and architecture that have endured. Alexander the Great then conquered much of the known world and spread Greek culture, leading to a multicultural Hellenistic society across a vast trade network with advances in science, philosophy, and religion.
From the 9th century BC to the 6th century BC, several significant developments occurred in ancient Greece that helped establish Greek civilization. The Greeks began keeping detailed written records of events and transactions. They also began using more durable materials like stone and bronze for writing. This period saw the rise of the Greek city-state as the primary political unit, with many city-states founding colonies abroad to establish trade networks and export excess population. Warfare evolved from heroic combat to organized battles between hoplite infantry from rival city-states. Greek society transitioned from monarchies to aristocracies and sometimes tyrannies, with some city-states developing early democratic political systems.
- Ancient Greece was made up of mountainous peninsulas and islands, which caused small independent communities to develop with different ways of life and encouraged political participation and conflict.
- The Minoan civilization on Crete was established by 2800 BC and traded by sea, but suffered a catastrophe around 1450 BC possibly due to volcanic eruption or invasion.
- The Mycenaeans established fortified city-states with warrior aristocracies from 1100-1000 BC and developed trade networks, before their civilization collapsed around 1100 BC after invasions.
His 101 chapter 3 the civilization of greece fall 2012dcyw1112
This document provides an overview of ancient Greek civilization from 1000-400 BCE. It discusses the rise of the polis system and Greek city-states like Athens and Sparta. Key events included the Persian Wars, where Greek city-states resisted the Persian Empire, and the Golden Age of Athens in the 5th century BCE under the leadership of Pericles, when Athenian democracy and culture flourished. The document provides historical context on the political, social, and cultural developments of ancient Greece.
Leach u the strength to be found in conscription through in .docxcroysierkathey
Leach u the strength to be found in conscription through
in criptio n. Altdoiier translate graph ic J ews into arch it ec-
tural space. T he ir ab ence becomes the fo rm al presence of
"perspeCLiva l"' architeCLure. This tran laLion marks an impor-
1an t sh ift in regi ter from ethnicity to eth nograp hy. Ethnog-
raphy is that writing space where others arc re duced to
onto logical absence. 12 i\ltdorfer's very act of etching architec-
tural space, re nderin g t he synagogue as a n a rchitectura l
tudy, becomes constitutive of a new discou rse, ethnography .
T he a rch itectura l space etched by Akdorfer forecloses litr-
the r e thnic co nflic t over circumcision between Chri stia ns and
J ews. In so d oin g, the etch in g effaces the in scription of
circumcision-viole nt pleasure h as become th e " know ledge"
of space itself. Architectural re ndering as a new category of
repre e ntation coven over the cut foreskin .
The e tching · produce omething new, a c111pt. It i on that
tone urface that the e thnographer Altdorfer inscribe hi
new eth nography. which he signs with his mo nogram. Hi s
e thnography i not about conte ted ethnic co-pre e ncc of
C hristia ns a nd J ews. but the narc iss ism of the Sarne; t he
conAict is resolved.
I have a rgued that bodi ly inscri p tions of Baptism and
circumcision a nd the cascades of gra phic translatio n which
p assed through such d iverse media as po lem ic, torture
chambe rs. a nd engravings a nd etc hin gs ca me to constitute
Christian-Jewish ethnic relations at the level of the printed
graphic itself. By implicati on 1 am say in g th at printing not
only rc prcscmed this contei.t bu t actu a lly came to constitu1 e
it. As such , gra phic in scriptions sig nifying e thnic confli ct
between C hristia n s and J ews linked toge Ll1er cascades or
di scursive nerwo rks. Altd orfcr's a rc hi tectu ra l tran lation
might then be read not o n ly as the new writing s urface or
ethnograp hy bm a l ·o a. the al' p l in which C h1istia n finall y
buried the fore kin , thu fo reclosing the possibility of mourn -
ing the loss o r corporea l inscription whi ch Paul had dis-
avowed so many cemuries earlier. T hi crypt, its grap hic
mateda lity, has erved as a site of European e th nograp hic
a uth ority for ha lf a m ille n n ium. It · staunch res istance LO
brilliant po tcolo nia l critiques should give us pau e and urge
u s to think more attentively about the ae thctics o f disappear-
a nce and the work of mourn ing.
Kath/ern Biddick tPr1rhPs medie11a/ history and genda studies at thP
University of NotrP Dam. fl. Herforthcoming book, Med ieva l ism in
Fragments (Duke), ronsiders political links among di.1cif1linary
rategories, periodiwtio11, and pleasurr in medieval studirs. Cur-
rently she is studyiug the i11lnsectio11s of ethnography and tecl111o/-
ogy in medirva/ Europe and llLPir persistence today [Departmmt of
History, University of Notre Dame, No tre Dame, Ind . 46556 ...
Exploring The Four Ancient Civilizations- Mesopotamia,...Stefanie Yang
Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince to advise rulers on how to gain and maintain political power. He argues that it is better for a ruler to be feared than loved by the people, as love is unstable while fear relies on the ruler's strength. Machiavelli asserts that a prudent ruler cannot and should not honor his word when it is no longer useful or threatens his security, as the goals of a ruler are to maintain control and the well-being of the state above all else. He believes a ruler must know how to use both humanity and cruelty depending on the needs of the time in order to effectively govern.
Ancient Greece; Part 2; session iv-- Hellenism Jim Powers
After Alexander the Great conquered the Near East in the 4th century BCE, the process of Hellenization spread Greek culture and established new Greek cities across a vast area. New cities were founded by Alexander and later by the Seleucids and Ptolemies, who established dynasties ruling over the new Hellenistic kingdoms. Many new cities were planned settlements with Greek institutions and populations comprised of Greeks as well as local peoples. One such prominent city was Antioch, founded by Seleucus I, which grew to be a major cultural and economic center in the region. The Attalid kingdom in Pergamon also supported the growth and spread of Greek culture. The largest and most influential city was
1. The document provides an overview of ancient Greek history from 3500 BCE to 100 BCE, covering major periods and developments.
2. It describes the rise and fall of early Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations on Crete and the mainland, followed by the emergence of city-states and the polis system.
3. The height of Greek classical culture is examined, including the conflicts with Persia, growth of Athenian democracy and arts, and flourishing of philosophy with thinkers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
Greek Ancient Civilization(Greek Mythology)
Introduction:
Ancient Greece is often called the cradle of Western civilization. It is famous for its profound cultural achievements and historical influence on our modern world. From its philosophical ideas to its impressive architecture and arts, Ancient Greek civilization has left an indelible mark on our society. In this article, we will delve into the wonders of Ancient Greek civilization and explore its remarkable cultural achievements.
Overview of the Article contents
Language: The ancient Greek language is part of the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages, and it has several dialects
Philosophy: Ancient Greece is famous for its philosophical tradition, which began in the 6th century BCE with philosophers such as Thales, Pythagoras, and Heraclitus
Science: The Greeks made important contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine
Literature: Greek literature includes epic poetry, drama, and lyric poetry
Art and Architecture: The Greeks are renowned for their contributions to art and architecture
Religion: The Greeks worshipped many gods and goddesses, who were believed to reside on Mount Olympus.
This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is caryatids-515919__340.jpg
Athens Caryatid Greece
Historical Background
The early civilizations that influenced Ancient Greece;
Ancient Greece was a civilization that emerged in the eastern Mediterranean region around the 8th century BCE. However, before the emergence of Greece, there were many early civilizations that had an impact on its development. Here are some of the civilizations that influenced ancient Greece
The Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations
Minoan Civilization: The Minoan civilization was based on the island of Crete from around 2700 BCE to 1450 BCE. They were known for their advanced art and architecture, and their influence on ancient Greece can be seen in the architectural styles and frescoes used in the palaces of Mycenae and Tiryns.
Mycenaean Civilization: The Mycenaean civilization emerged in Greece around 1600 BCE and lasted until 1100 BCE. They were known for their military prowess and their influence on ancient Greece can be seen in the development of the Greek language and the spread of their religious beliefs.
http://infoarticles.co
whistoryclub.comAlexander the Great
The Dark Age Of Greek
The Dark Age of Greece, also known as the Greek Dark Ages, was a period of Greek history spanning from the end of the Mycenaean civilization in the 12th century BCE to the beginning of the Archaic period in the 8th century BCE. It is called the "Dark Age" because of the relative paucity of written records, which makes it difficult for historians to piece together a complete picture of what was happening during this time.
During the Dark Age, many of the major Mycenaean cities were destroyed, and the population declined significantly. There was a general breakdown of the economic and political systems
1. Ancient Greece had a geography conducive to developing a maritime culture, with islands and coastlines throughout the Mediterranean. Greek civilization expanded greatly under Alexander the Great.
2. Greek history is divided into periods - Bronze Age, Dark Ages, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic. Important city-states included Athens and Sparta, which dominated Classical Greece through military achievements but eventually rivaled each other in the Peloponnesian War.
3. Greek society was stratified, with citizens, foreigners, slaves. Citizens had political rights and duties like military service. Religion was personal and present in all aspects of life, with the Olympian gods central. Greek culture made major contributions to philosophy, literature
Athens and Sparta were the two most powerful city-states in Ancient Greece. Athens was a center of wisdom and learning, known for its intellectual pursuits in arts and music. Sparta focused on military strength and service to the state. Athens emerged as a sovereign city-state in the 9th century BC due to its central location and access to the sea. It developed into a democracy in 594 BC under Solon and entered a golden age. Boys received education until age 14-18 and military training, while girls' education focused on domestic tasks. Athens and Sparta differed greatly in their social structures and values but both became dominant powers in Ancient Greece.
Your company name
Your name
Instruction Page
1. On the cover page
a. Replace ‘Your Company Name’ with your company name, city and state
b. Replace ‘Date’ with the date of the plan
c. Consider inserting graphics:
i. Company logo
ii. Insert a picture or graphic of your product or service
iii. Photo of your facilities
iv. Photo of your location
2. Replace ‘ENTER YOUR COMPANY NAME HERE’ with your company name on the page with the Statement of Confidentiality & Non-Disclosure
3. Open the document header and enter your company name and your name
4. Update the table of contents as you build your business plan.
Delete this page before submitting your business plan.
Business Plan
Your Company Name Here
City, State
Date
Statement of Confidentiality & Non-Disclosure
THIS BUSINESS PLAN CONTAINS PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.
All data submitted to the receiver is provided in reliance upon its consent not to use or disclose any information contained herein except in the context of its business dealings with ENTER YOUR COMPANY NAME HERE (Company). The recipient of this document agrees to inform its present and future employees and partners who view or have access to the document's content of its confidential nature.
The recipient agrees to instruct each employee that they must not disclose any information concerning this document to others except to the extent such matters are generally known to, and are available for use by, the public. The recipient also agrees not duplicate or distribute or permit others to duplicate or distribute any material contained herein without the Company's express written consent.
The Company retains all title, ownership and intellectual property rights to the material and trademarks contained herein, including all supporting documentation, files, marketing material, and multimedia.
Disclaimer Notice
THIS BUSINESS PLAN IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AND DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY SECURITIES.
The Company reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject any and all proposals made by or on behalf of any recipient, to accept any such proposals, to negotiate with one or more recipients at any time, and to enter into a definitive agreement without prior notice to other recipients. The company also reserves the right to terminate, at any time, further participation in the investigation and proposal process by, or discussions or negotiations with, any recipient without reason.
BY ACCEPTANCE OF THIS DOCUMENT, THE RECIPIENT AGREES TO BE BOUND BY THE AFOREMENTIONED STATEMENT.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Overview 6
Executive Summary 6
Objectives 6
Mission 6
Keys to Success 6
Company Summary 6
Company Ownership 6
Start-up 6
What We Sell 7
Summary 7
Our products 7
Our services 7
Market Analysis and Sales Forecast 8
Market and Sales Forecast Summary 8
Total Market 8
Target Market Summar.
Your Company NameYour Company NameBudget Proposalfor[ent.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your Company Name
Your Company Name
Budget Proposal
for
[enter years here]
BUSN278
[Term]
Professor[name]
DeVry University
Table of Contents
Section
Title
Subsection
Title
Page Number1.0Executive Summary
2.0Sales Forecast
2.1Sales Forecast
2.2Methods and Assumptions
3.0Capital Expenditure Budget
4.0Investment Analysis
4.1Cash Flows
4.2NPV Analysis
4.3Rate of Return Calculations
4.4Payback Period Calculations
5.0Pro Forma Financial Statements
5.1Pro Forma Income Statement
5.2Pro Forma Balance Sheet
5.3Pro Forma Cash Budget
6.0Works Cited
7.0Appendices
7.1Appendix 1: [description]
7.2Appendix 2:
[description]
(Please put page numbers in the last column of the table of contents above, because they apply to your finished assignment. Do this after your project is complete. Remove this text and all text that is in italics in this template when finished with your project.)
(Also, please submit your Excel spreadsheet that shows your supporting calculations.)
1.0 Executive Summary
The first paragraph of this executive summary should give a brief description of the business to which this budget applies. Very briefly describe the products and services of this company, the geography or demographics of the customers it serves, and why people purchase the main product of this business. Much or all of this information will be found in the business profile provided to you. Please use your own words, and please do not simply copy and paste the explanation in the course materials. Make assumptions if necessary.
Also, provide a second paragraph that describes how the budget supports the company’s strategy.
Finally, provide a third paragraph in which you summarize the key points from your budget, including the planning horizon; the amount of up-front investment; the NPV, payback, and IRR of the project; and key figures from your income statement, cash budget, and balance sheet.
Remember, this is not a thesis or introduction of what you will talk about—it contains the major, specific content of each section. The second and third paragraphs should be written after you have completed all other sections of this template.
As you complete sections of this template, please remove all italicized text in all sections of this template and replace it with your own text or you will lose points!
2.0 Sales Forecast
Briefly introduce the sales forecast section.
2.1 Sales Forecast
Here you should include a simple table showing the years and the total sales for each year, along with a brief explanation of why sales are expected to rise, fall, change, or stay the same in certain years. Provide a brief explanation of the sales forecast, indicating why you expect sales to rise or fall during the planning horizon. Your explanation should be consistent with the trends and changes in sales found in your table.
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Sales
2.2 Methods and Assumptions
Here you should describe how you arrived at your sales forecast in sect.
Your company recently reviewed the results of a penetration test.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company recently reviewed the results of a penetration test on your network. Several vulnerabilities were identified, and the IT security management team has recommended mitigation. The manager has asked you to construct a plan of action and milestones (POA&M) given that the following vulnerabilities and mitigations were identified:
The penetration test showed that not all systems had malware protection software in place. The mitigation was to write a malware defense process to include all employees and retest the system after the process was implemented.
The penetration test indicated that the data server that houses employee payroll records had an admin password of “admin.” The mitigation was to perform extensive hardening of the data server.
The penetration test also identified many laptop computers that employees brought to work and connected to the internal network,some of which were easily compromised. The mitigation was to write a bring your own device (BYOD) policy for all employees and train the employees how to use their devices at work.
Complete
the 1- to 2-page
Plan of Action and Milestones Template
. (Must use this template!)
.
Your company wants to explore moving much of their data and info.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company wants to explore moving much of their data and information technology infrastructure to the cloud. The company is a small online retailer and requires a database and a web storefront. Currently, only IT is over budget on database maintenance. The initial analysis points to significant cost savings by moving to a cloud environment.
Research
the differences between Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS), and Platform as a Service (PaaS).
Discuss
the differences between IaaS, SaaS, and PaaS. Give an example of the appropriate use of each of the cloud models (Iaas, SaaS, and PaaS).
.
Your company plans to establish MNE manufacturing operations in Sout.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company plans to establish MNE manufacturing operations in South Korea. You have been asked to conduct a cultural audit focusing on leadership behaviors of South Korea. The results of your report will be used for internal training for plant managers due to be reassigned to work with South Korean managers in a few months. You are aware of a high-collectivism culture with a Confucian code of ethical behavior in South Korea. What kinds of South Korean leadership behaviors would you expect to include in your report? Describe these in terms of interaction between the U.S. and Korean managers as well as interaction between Korean leader-followers.
By
Saturday, June 21, 2014
respond to the discussion question assigned by the faculty. Submit your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Use the same
Discussion Area
to comment on your classmates' submissions and continue the discussion until
Wednesday, June 25, 2014
.
Comment on how your classmates would address differing views.
.
Your company just purchased a Dell server MD1420 DAS to use to store.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company just purchased a Dell server MD1420 DAS to use to store databases. the databases will contain all employee records and personal identified information (PII). You know that databases like this are often targets. The Chief Information Officer has asked you draft a diagram for the server and 3 connected workstations. The diagram must use proper UML icons.
- Research:
network topology to protect database server (Google Term and click images)
-
Create a diagram using proper UML
icon, the protects the server and the 3 workstations.
-
Include where Internet access will be located
, firewall and other details.
- The
body (Min 1 page)
- Provide a summary after the diagram how and why you topology should protect the database.
.
your company is moving to a new HRpayroll system that is sponsored .docxhyacinthshackley2629
your company is moving to a new HR/payroll system that is sponsored by a firm called Workday.com. You have been asked to oversee the stakeholder management aspects of this project. Identify some of the key stakeholders at your company and describe how you plan to keep them engaged during your year-long project. Be sure to include the appropriate methods since not all of your stakeholders are located at the HQ office in Herndon, VA.
.
Your company is considering the implementation of a technology s.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company is considering the implementation of a technology solution to address a business problem. As a member of the IT team for a manufacturing company, you were asked to select a product to address the identified needs, informing the stakeholders about its fit to the identified needs, and providing implementation details. Several past process changes have been unsuccessful at implementation and user acceptance. You will create two artifacts that communicate product information tailored to meet the needs of each of the following stakeholder groups:
• Audience 1: executive leadership of the organization, such as the CIO, CFO, etc.
• Audience 2: cross-functional team, including members from IT who will be implementing the product
.
Your company is a security service contractor that consults with bus.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company is a security service contractor that consults with businesses in the U.S. that require assistance in complying with HIPAA. You advertise a proven track record in providing information program security management, information security governance programs, risk management programs, and regulatory and compliance recommendations. You identify vulnerabilities, threats, and risks for clients with the end goal of securing and protecting applications and systems within their organization.
Your client is Health Coverage Associates, a health insurance exchange in California and a healthcare covered entity. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) enables individuals and small businesses to purchase health insurance at federally subsidized rates. In the past 6 months, they have experienced:
A malware attack (i.e., SQL Injection) on a critical software application that processed and stored client protected health information (PHI) that allowed access to PHI stored within the database
An internal mistake by an employee that allowed PHI to be emailed to the wrong recipient who was not authorized to have access to the PHI
An unauthorized access to client accounts through cracking of weak passwords via the company’s website login
Health Coverage Associates would like you to
develop
a security management plan that would address the required safeguards to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive data from the attacks listed above and protect their assets from the vulnerabilities that allowed the attacks to occur.
Write
a 1- to 2-page high-level executive summary of the legal and regulatory compliance requirements for Health Coverage Associates executives. The summary should provide
Accurate information on the HIPAA requirements for securing PHI
FISMA and HIPAA requirements for a security plan
Scope of the work you will perform to meet the Health Coverage Associates’ requests
Compile
a 1-to 2-page list of at least 10 of the CIS controls that provide key alignment with the administrative (policies), physical (secured facilities), and technical safeguards required under HIPAA to protect against the attacks listed above. Include corresponding NIST controls mapped to the selected CIS controls.
Write
a 1- to 2-page concise outline of the contents of the security management plan. Include
Policies Health Coverage Associates will need to manage, protect, and provide access to PHI
The recommended risk management framework Health Coverage Associates should adopt
Key elements Health Coverage Associates should include in its plan of actions and milestones
Cite
all sources using APA guidelines.
.
Your company has just sent you to a Project Management Conference on.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company has just sent you to a Project Management Conference on the latest trends in project scope management. When you return to work, you will have to provide a report at the staff meeting on what you learned.
In your initial post
, share some of the trends that you heard at the conference. Conduct research and use sources to support your findings. Be sure to acknowledge any sources you use.
.
Your company has designed an information system for a library. The .docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company has designed an information system for a library. The project included a new network (wired and wireless), a data entry application, a Web site, database and documentation.
Design a generic test plan that describes the testing for an imaginary system, make sure to address unit, integration and system testing.
Create a one-page questionnaire to distribute to users in a post-implementation evaluation of a recent information system project. Include at least 10 questions that cover the important information you want to obtain.
.
Your company has had embedded HR generalists in business units for t.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company has had embedded HR generalists in business units for the past several years. Over that time, it has become more costly and more difficult to maintain standards, and is a frustration for business units to have that budget “hit.” The leadership has decided to move to a more centralized model of delivering HR services and has asked you to evaluate that proposition and begin establishing a project team to initiate the needed changes. The project team is selected, and you must now provide general direction.
.
Your company You are a new Supply Chain Analyst with the ACME.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company: You are a new Supply Chain Analyst with the ACME Corporation. We design specialty electronics that are components in larger finished goods such as major appliances, automobiles and industrial equipment. Manufacturing is outsourced to low-cost suppliers due to the significant labor contribution and closeness to electronic component suppliers.
Your product: ACME Corp. designs a leading-edge family of devices branded as “Voice Assistants.” These are add-on boxes that many OEMs are using as plug-and-play devices in a wide variety of Internet-of-Things products. They are also sold directly to consumers as after-market items, but only for IoT devices that were built with our proprietary data-port.
Figure 1: Product line of ACME Corp Voice Assistant IoT Add-on Boxes
Your task: Your Chief Supply Chain Officer (CSCO) is requesting a review of supplier-to-customer processes as related to recent growth in our company and increasing demand for faster responsiveness to customers. One alternative is to decentralize our inventory into regional Distribution Centers; however, our ERP system is currently limited in the data available to make some of these decisions – and the output reports are very antiquated. Starting off the process, the CSCO directed that your Analysis Team use population data to pro-rate our national sales data as a starting point. For this analysis, you are asked to focus only on the flagship product, Voice Assistant IoT Add-on Box, 4GB, SKU #123-456789. The challenge is now yours to complete some computations and interpret the results!
Your data: A detailed report from your ERP system along with secondary data from the U.S. Census Bureau (reference: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/data-sets.html) is provided. (Note: Sales to Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico are handled by a 3PL provider and therefore are NOT part of this analysis.) The consolidated EXCEL® file has incorporated several tasks already performed by the Analysis Team --- sort, cleanse, inventory optimization, etc. Other tasks remain for your team.
Detailed Requirements: Prepare a formal report summarizing your results and providing recommendations that are supported by facts. The required layout follows:
A. Supply Chain Management:
a. Identify a single key supplier and a single key customer for your product, including a brief description of their product.
b. Identify the proper type of business relationship that your company should have with the supplier and customer from Part A, above, then briefly describe the data that you would share with them.
c. When implementing Supply Chain Management with your #1 key supplier for the first time, create a timeline that lists each of the six SCOR processes in the order that you recommend implementation; include process leader (by job title), primary contact at supplier/customer (by job title), and duration to implement.
d. Briefly describe each of the four enablers of supply chain .
Your company has asked that you create a survey to collect data .docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company has asked that you create a survey to collect data on customer satisfaction related to their health care experience at your hospital.
Assignment Details (4-5 pages)
Please Add Title to page
Page 1:
A brief summary of the health care issue/topic (wait time, medication errors, etc.)
Number and access of source to sample and population
Limitations of the survey (parameters)
Time line for completion of survey
Page 2: Survey Questions
Survey questions: Limit the questions to 10
Page 3: Compilation of Data
Time line for assessment and evaluation of data
Challenges faced during this process
Page 4: Results and Conclusions
Results of study
Conclusions and potential value of the findings
Reference page
Deliverable Length
4–5 pages
Title and reference pages
.
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Philosophy: Ancient Greece is famous for its philosophical tradition, which began in the 6th century BCE with philosophers such as Thales, Pythagoras, and Heraclitus
Science: The Greeks made important contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine
Literature: Greek literature includes epic poetry, drama, and lyric poetry
Art and Architecture: The Greeks are renowned for their contributions to art and architecture
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Your company name
Your name
Instruction Page
1. On the cover page
a. Replace ‘Your Company Name’ with your company name, city and state
b. Replace ‘Date’ with the date of the plan
c. Consider inserting graphics:
i. Company logo
ii. Insert a picture or graphic of your product or service
iii. Photo of your facilities
iv. Photo of your location
2. Replace ‘ENTER YOUR COMPANY NAME HERE’ with your company name on the page with the Statement of Confidentiality & Non-Disclosure
3. Open the document header and enter your company name and your name
4. Update the table of contents as you build your business plan.
Delete this page before submitting your business plan.
Business Plan
Your Company Name Here
City, State
Date
Statement of Confidentiality & Non-Disclosure
THIS BUSINESS PLAN CONTAINS PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.
All data submitted to the receiver is provided in reliance upon its consent not to use or disclose any information contained herein except in the context of its business dealings with ENTER YOUR COMPANY NAME HERE (Company). The recipient of this document agrees to inform its present and future employees and partners who view or have access to the document's content of its confidential nature.
The recipient agrees to instruct each employee that they must not disclose any information concerning this document to others except to the extent such matters are generally known to, and are available for use by, the public. The recipient also agrees not duplicate or distribute or permit others to duplicate or distribute any material contained herein without the Company's express written consent.
The Company retains all title, ownership and intellectual property rights to the material and trademarks contained herein, including all supporting documentation, files, marketing material, and multimedia.
Disclaimer Notice
THIS BUSINESS PLAN IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AND DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY SECURITIES.
The Company reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject any and all proposals made by or on behalf of any recipient, to accept any such proposals, to negotiate with one or more recipients at any time, and to enter into a definitive agreement without prior notice to other recipients. The company also reserves the right to terminate, at any time, further participation in the investigation and proposal process by, or discussions or negotiations with, any recipient without reason.
BY ACCEPTANCE OF THIS DOCUMENT, THE RECIPIENT AGREES TO BE BOUND BY THE AFOREMENTIONED STATEMENT.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Overview 6
Executive Summary 6
Objectives 6
Mission 6
Keys to Success 6
Company Summary 6
Company Ownership 6
Start-up 6
What We Sell 7
Summary 7
Our products 7
Our services 7
Market Analysis and Sales Forecast 8
Market and Sales Forecast Summary 8
Total Market 8
Target Market Summar.
Your Company NameYour Company NameBudget Proposalfor[ent.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your Company Name
Your Company Name
Budget Proposal
for
[enter years here]
BUSN278
[Term]
Professor[name]
DeVry University
Table of Contents
Section
Title
Subsection
Title
Page Number1.0Executive Summary
2.0Sales Forecast
2.1Sales Forecast
2.2Methods and Assumptions
3.0Capital Expenditure Budget
4.0Investment Analysis
4.1Cash Flows
4.2NPV Analysis
4.3Rate of Return Calculations
4.4Payback Period Calculations
5.0Pro Forma Financial Statements
5.1Pro Forma Income Statement
5.2Pro Forma Balance Sheet
5.3Pro Forma Cash Budget
6.0Works Cited
7.0Appendices
7.1Appendix 1: [description]
7.2Appendix 2:
[description]
(Please put page numbers in the last column of the table of contents above, because they apply to your finished assignment. Do this after your project is complete. Remove this text and all text that is in italics in this template when finished with your project.)
(Also, please submit your Excel spreadsheet that shows your supporting calculations.)
1.0 Executive Summary
The first paragraph of this executive summary should give a brief description of the business to which this budget applies. Very briefly describe the products and services of this company, the geography or demographics of the customers it serves, and why people purchase the main product of this business. Much or all of this information will be found in the business profile provided to you. Please use your own words, and please do not simply copy and paste the explanation in the course materials. Make assumptions if necessary.
Also, provide a second paragraph that describes how the budget supports the company’s strategy.
Finally, provide a third paragraph in which you summarize the key points from your budget, including the planning horizon; the amount of up-front investment; the NPV, payback, and IRR of the project; and key figures from your income statement, cash budget, and balance sheet.
Remember, this is not a thesis or introduction of what you will talk about—it contains the major, specific content of each section. The second and third paragraphs should be written after you have completed all other sections of this template.
As you complete sections of this template, please remove all italicized text in all sections of this template and replace it with your own text or you will lose points!
2.0 Sales Forecast
Briefly introduce the sales forecast section.
2.1 Sales Forecast
Here you should include a simple table showing the years and the total sales for each year, along with a brief explanation of why sales are expected to rise, fall, change, or stay the same in certain years. Provide a brief explanation of the sales forecast, indicating why you expect sales to rise or fall during the planning horizon. Your explanation should be consistent with the trends and changes in sales found in your table.
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Sales
2.2 Methods and Assumptions
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The penetration test showed that not all systems had malware protection software in place. The mitigation was to write a malware defense process to include all employees and retest the system after the process was implemented.
The penetration test indicated that the data server that houses employee payroll records had an admin password of “admin.” The mitigation was to perform extensive hardening of the data server.
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Complete
the 1- to 2-page
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. (Must use this template!)
.
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Research
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Discuss
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.
Your company plans to establish MNE manufacturing operations in Sout.docxhyacinthshackley2629
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By
Saturday, June 21, 2014
respond to the discussion question assigned by the faculty. Submit your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Use the same
Discussion Area
to comment on your classmates' submissions and continue the discussion until
Wednesday, June 25, 2014
.
Comment on how your classmates would address differing views.
.
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Your company just purchased a Dell server MD1420 DAS to use to store databases. the databases will contain all employee records and personal identified information (PII). You know that databases like this are often targets. The Chief Information Officer has asked you draft a diagram for the server and 3 connected workstations. The diagram must use proper UML icons.
- Research:
network topology to protect database server (Google Term and click images)
-
Create a diagram using proper UML
icon, the protects the server and the 3 workstations.
-
Include where Internet access will be located
, firewall and other details.
- The
body (Min 1 page)
- Provide a summary after the diagram how and why you topology should protect the database.
.
your company is moving to a new HRpayroll system that is sponsored .docxhyacinthshackley2629
your company is moving to a new HR/payroll system that is sponsored by a firm called Workday.com. You have been asked to oversee the stakeholder management aspects of this project. Identify some of the key stakeholders at your company and describe how you plan to keep them engaged during your year-long project. Be sure to include the appropriate methods since not all of your stakeholders are located at the HQ office in Herndon, VA.
.
Your company is considering the implementation of a technology s.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company is considering the implementation of a technology solution to address a business problem. As a member of the IT team for a manufacturing company, you were asked to select a product to address the identified needs, informing the stakeholders about its fit to the identified needs, and providing implementation details. Several past process changes have been unsuccessful at implementation and user acceptance. You will create two artifacts that communicate product information tailored to meet the needs of each of the following stakeholder groups:
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Your company is a security service contractor that consults with bus.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company is a security service contractor that consults with businesses in the U.S. that require assistance in complying with HIPAA. You advertise a proven track record in providing information program security management, information security governance programs, risk management programs, and regulatory and compliance recommendations. You identify vulnerabilities, threats, and risks for clients with the end goal of securing and protecting applications and systems within their organization.
Your client is Health Coverage Associates, a health insurance exchange in California and a healthcare covered entity. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) enables individuals and small businesses to purchase health insurance at federally subsidized rates. In the past 6 months, they have experienced:
A malware attack (i.e., SQL Injection) on a critical software application that processed and stored client protected health information (PHI) that allowed access to PHI stored within the database
An internal mistake by an employee that allowed PHI to be emailed to the wrong recipient who was not authorized to have access to the PHI
An unauthorized access to client accounts through cracking of weak passwords via the company’s website login
Health Coverage Associates would like you to
develop
a security management plan that would address the required safeguards to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive data from the attacks listed above and protect their assets from the vulnerabilities that allowed the attacks to occur.
Write
a 1- to 2-page high-level executive summary of the legal and regulatory compliance requirements for Health Coverage Associates executives. The summary should provide
Accurate information on the HIPAA requirements for securing PHI
FISMA and HIPAA requirements for a security plan
Scope of the work you will perform to meet the Health Coverage Associates’ requests
Compile
a 1-to 2-page list of at least 10 of the CIS controls that provide key alignment with the administrative (policies), physical (secured facilities), and technical safeguards required under HIPAA to protect against the attacks listed above. Include corresponding NIST controls mapped to the selected CIS controls.
Write
a 1- to 2-page concise outline of the contents of the security management plan. Include
Policies Health Coverage Associates will need to manage, protect, and provide access to PHI
The recommended risk management framework Health Coverage Associates should adopt
Key elements Health Coverage Associates should include in its plan of actions and milestones
Cite
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.
Your company has designed an information system for a library. The .docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company has designed an information system for a library. The project included a new network (wired and wireless), a data entry application, a Web site, database and documentation.
Design a generic test plan that describes the testing for an imaginary system, make sure to address unit, integration and system testing.
Create a one-page questionnaire to distribute to users in a post-implementation evaluation of a recent information system project. Include at least 10 questions that cover the important information you want to obtain.
.
Your company has had embedded HR generalists in business units for t.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company has had embedded HR generalists in business units for the past several years. Over that time, it has become more costly and more difficult to maintain standards, and is a frustration for business units to have that budget “hit.” The leadership has decided to move to a more centralized model of delivering HR services and has asked you to evaluate that proposition and begin establishing a project team to initiate the needed changes. The project team is selected, and you must now provide general direction.
.
Your company You are a new Supply Chain Analyst with the ACME.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company: You are a new Supply Chain Analyst with the ACME Corporation. We design specialty electronics that are components in larger finished goods such as major appliances, automobiles and industrial equipment. Manufacturing is outsourced to low-cost suppliers due to the significant labor contribution and closeness to electronic component suppliers.
Your product: ACME Corp. designs a leading-edge family of devices branded as “Voice Assistants.” These are add-on boxes that many OEMs are using as plug-and-play devices in a wide variety of Internet-of-Things products. They are also sold directly to consumers as after-market items, but only for IoT devices that were built with our proprietary data-port.
Figure 1: Product line of ACME Corp Voice Assistant IoT Add-on Boxes
Your task: Your Chief Supply Chain Officer (CSCO) is requesting a review of supplier-to-customer processes as related to recent growth in our company and increasing demand for faster responsiveness to customers. One alternative is to decentralize our inventory into regional Distribution Centers; however, our ERP system is currently limited in the data available to make some of these decisions – and the output reports are very antiquated. Starting off the process, the CSCO directed that your Analysis Team use population data to pro-rate our national sales data as a starting point. For this analysis, you are asked to focus only on the flagship product, Voice Assistant IoT Add-on Box, 4GB, SKU #123-456789. The challenge is now yours to complete some computations and interpret the results!
Your data: A detailed report from your ERP system along with secondary data from the U.S. Census Bureau (reference: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/data-sets.html) is provided. (Note: Sales to Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico are handled by a 3PL provider and therefore are NOT part of this analysis.) The consolidated EXCEL® file has incorporated several tasks already performed by the Analysis Team --- sort, cleanse, inventory optimization, etc. Other tasks remain for your team.
Detailed Requirements: Prepare a formal report summarizing your results and providing recommendations that are supported by facts. The required layout follows:
A. Supply Chain Management:
a. Identify a single key supplier and a single key customer for your product, including a brief description of their product.
b. Identify the proper type of business relationship that your company should have with the supplier and customer from Part A, above, then briefly describe the data that you would share with them.
c. When implementing Supply Chain Management with your #1 key supplier for the first time, create a timeline that lists each of the six SCOR processes in the order that you recommend implementation; include process leader (by job title), primary contact at supplier/customer (by job title), and duration to implement.
d. Briefly describe each of the four enablers of supply chain .
Your company has asked that you create a survey to collect data .docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company has asked that you create a survey to collect data on customer satisfaction related to their health care experience at your hospital.
Assignment Details (4-5 pages)
Please Add Title to page
Page 1:
A brief summary of the health care issue/topic (wait time, medication errors, etc.)
Number and access of source to sample and population
Limitations of the survey (parameters)
Time line for completion of survey
Page 2: Survey Questions
Survey questions: Limit the questions to 10
Page 3: Compilation of Data
Time line for assessment and evaluation of data
Challenges faced during this process
Page 4: Results and Conclusions
Results of study
Conclusions and potential value of the findings
Reference page
Deliverable Length
4–5 pages
Title and reference pages
.
"Your Communications Plan"
Description
A.
What is your challenge or opportunity?
The topic I would like to present is pitching an Project idea for some investor to invest in my Women’s Resources center.(Voices Of Women)
B.
.
Why is this professionally important to you?
Goal
A.
What goal or outcome do you want to achieve with this communication?
I.
Is it clear, concise, and actionable?
Audience
A.
Who is you target audience?
What are the professional positions of the audience?
I.
What demographic characteristics will the audience comprise?
II.
What is your relationship to the audience?
III.
What background knowledge and expertise does the audience have?
IV.
What does the audience know, feel about, and expect concerning this communication?
V.
What preconceptions or biases do you possess that might prevent you from building rapport with your audience?
B.
What information is available about your audience?
A.
b.
c.
I.
What research/sources will you use to obtain information about the audience?
II.
What conclusions have you been able to draw about the audience?
C.
What tone will you
"Your Communications Plan"
Description
A.
What is your challenge or opportunity?
The topic I would like to present is pitching an Project idea for some investor to invest in my Women’s Resources center.(Voices Of Women)
B.
.
Why is this professionally important to you?
Goal
A.
What goal or outcome do you want to achieve with this communication?
I.
Is it clear, concise, and actionable?
Audience
A.
Who is you target audience?
What are the professional positions of the audience?
I.
What demographic characteristics will the audience comprise?
II.
What is your relationship to the audience?
III.
What background knowledge and expertise does the audience have?
IV.
What does the audience know, feel about, and expect concerning this communication?
V.
What preconceptions or biases do you possess that might prevent you from building rapport with your audience?
B.
What information is available about your audience?
A.
b.
c.
I.
What research/sources will you use to obtain information about the audience?
II.
What conclusions have you been able to draw about the audience?
C.
What tone will you use to convey your message?
I.
Is the setting casual or formal?
II.
Is the communication personal or impersonal?
Key Message
A.
What is the primary message you must convey to your audience?use to convey your message?
I.
Is the setting casual or formal?
II.
Is the communication personal or impersonal?
Key Message
A.
What is the primary message you must convey to your audience?
.
Your community includes people from diverse backgrounds. Answer .docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your community includes people from diverse backgrounds. Answer the following questions related to how culture affects nutrition.
1. How does your culture shape decisions that you make about nutrition? (Culture includes history, values, politics, economics, communication styles, beliefs, and practices.)
2. Describe at least 1 different cultures present at your community. How do these cultures impact food choices?
3. Describe how you interact with someone from another culture related to diet. Provide specific examples.
4. Assume that you are preparing a Thanks Giving dinner for a group of your classmates that represent a variety of cultures. Describe how you will prepare the menu and set the table. Include how you will address food safety at the picnic.
Explore ways to address the problem of food insecurity in your community.
1. What programs are available to meet the nutrition needs of individuals in the area?
2. What types of options exist in the area to purchase food?
3. What role do you believe society should take to ensure that individuals have access to adequate healthy food?
4. What do you see as your role in the community related to proper nutrition?
.
Your Communications Plan Please respond to the following.docxhyacinthshackley2629
"Your Communications Plan"
Please respond to the following:
Provide a brief overview of your Strategic Communications Plan. Include a short description for each of the following
in bullet point format
:
- The purpose of the communication
- Your goal
- Audience
- Key Message
- Supporting Points
- Channel Selection
- Action Request
Note:
Remember, feedback is a powerful and essential tool. Thoughtful, useful feedback is specific. It combines suggestions for improvement with the recognition of good ideas. When you offer feedback, you should contribute new ideas and new perspectives to help your peers learn and move forward.
.
Your Communication InvestigationFor your mission after reading y.docxhyacinthshackley2629
You are to observe human interaction for 15 minutes in a public setting, noting details of two people's conversation without interrupting. You should describe the communication environment and identify elements of the transactional communication model. Finally, post a brief report on the discussion board, and reply to two classmates' posts with empathetic perspectives on their observations.
Your Communications PlanFirst step Choose a topic. Revi.docxhyacinthshackley2629
"Your Communications Plan"
First step: Choose a topic. Review the Communication Challenge Topics and choose one that is relevant and interesting to you. Make sure to review the examples and anecdotes that follow each topic in this document. You can also find this information under the Course Info tab.
Second step: Review the Strategic Communication Plan example. Your plan should mirror this example in format and length. You can also find this example under the Course Info tab.
Third step: In this discussion, please respond to the following:
Part 1: What is your topic?
Part 2: Provide a rough draft of your Strategic Communications Plan for peer review and instructor feedback. Your draft should include enough detail that we can provide strong constructive feedback and input.
COM510 ASSIGNMENT COMMUNICATION CHALLENGE TOPICS
In the world of business, we can create opportunities through strategic communication. Throughout our professional careers, there are key events that raise the stakes of our communications approach.
WHAT YOU’LL DO
1) Review the Communication Challenge Topics and their accompanying case study examples.
2) Select 1 topic that is professionally relevant for you.
3) Use for your COM510 assignments (the topic you have selected, not the case study example).
Note: If there is another challenge or current opportunity in your professional life that is more relevant for you, you may choose a topic that is not on this list. Keep in mind that the communication challenge you select must in- clude both written and verbal communication elements to meet the needs of this course. (Your professor must approve your selection before you proceed.)
1
Examples of each scenario are provided to demonstrate what thoughtful, professional communication would look like in each of these situations. These are only examples and should not be used for completing the assignment. You can create and establish all necessary assumptions. The scenario is yours to explain.
COMMUNICATION CHALLENGE TOPICS
Choose one of the following topics for your assignments.
• Internal Promotion Opportunity
• New Job Opportunity Interview
• Running a Meeting
• Coaching Your Direct Employees
• Pitching a Project Idea
INTERNAL PROMOTION
Seeking a promotion from within your company is one opportunity in which strategic communication could mean the difference be- tween success and failure. If you choose this scenario, you’ll need to create both a written and a verbal (audio or video) communica- tion. These elements should explain why you are the right person for the internal promotion while addressing potential questions you might need to answer as part of the process.
Things to Consider
• Have you checked the listings on your company’s job board lately?
• Is there a new position you would like to secure?
• Have you taken on more responsibility at work?
• Have your outcomes been positive?
• Do your job title and job description match what you do? .
Your coffee franchise cleared for business in both countries (Mexico.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your coffee franchise cleared for business in both countries (Mexico, and China). You now have to develop your global franchise team and start construction of your restaurants. . You invite all of the players to the headquarters in the United States for a big meeting to explain the project and get to know one another since they represent the global division of your company.
You are concerned with the following two issues. Substantively address each in a two-part paper, applying Beyond the Book, MUSE, Intellipath and library resources to support your reasoning
Part 1: Effective communication with participants
What are the implications of the cultural variables for your communication with the team representative from each country in the face to face meeting?
Address Hall’s high and low context regarding verbal and non-verbal communication. The United States is a low context culture, while each country is high context.
Tip: Write at least one substantive paragraph for each country
Video on Hall's high and Low Context Communication
Part 2: Effective communication among participants
What are examples of barriers and biases in cross-cultural business communications that may impact the effectiveness of communication among the meeting participants and in potential negotiations?
What are some of the issues you should be concerned about regarding verbal and nonverbal communication for this group to avoid misinterpretations and barriers to communication?
Please submit your assignment.
.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
124 CHAPTER 4 Hellenistic Civilization CHRONOLOGY THE WOR.docx
1. 124 CHAPTER 4 Hellenistic Civilization
CHRONOLOGY: THE WORLD OF THE CELTS
ca. 750 B.c.E.
ca. 450 B.c.E.
ca. 400 B.c.E.
ca. 390-386 B.C.E.
279 B.C.E.
270s B.c.E.
Hallstatt Celts start settling in Europe
La Tene Celts develop centers in Rhine and Danube valleys
Celts expand from Central Europe
Celts invade Italy and plunder Rome
Celts invade Greece
Celts establish kingdom of Galatia in Anatolia
HELLENISTIC SOCIETY AND
CULTURE
B W h a t were the d i s t i n g u i s h i n g features o f
H e l l e n i s t i c society a n d c u l t u r e , a n d w h a t
was the result o f encounters b e t w e e n
Greeks a n d non-Greeks?
Chronic warfare among monarchs made p o l i t i -
cal u n i t y among the Hellenist ic k ingdoms impos-
sible. Nevertheless, the social inst i tut ions and
2. culture of Greek-speaking people in a l l these
k ingdoms gave them a u n i t y that their monarchs
could n o t achieve.
Urbaiii Society
Greek city l ife defined Hellenist ic c i v i l i z a t i o n .
Alexander and his successors seized dozens of
Greek city-states scattered across the eastern
Medi te r ranean and founded dozens of new cities
in all the terri tories they conquered. Hel lenist ic
cities were m u c h more than garrisons estab-
lished to enforce the conquerors ' power. They
cont inued t radi t ions o f learning, ar t , architec-
ture, and cit izen par t i c ipa t ion in public l i fe that
had f lour ished i n the classical poleis. M o s t
i m p o r t a n t , people i n cities t h r o u g h o u t the H e l -
lenistic w o r l d spoke a standard version of Greek
called Koine that gave t h e m a sense of c o m m o n
ident i ty .
O n the surface, many of the inst i tut ions of
the classical poleis remained the same: magis-
' trates, councils, and p o p u l a r assemblies r a n the
cities' affairs, and some f o r m of democracy or
election to office remained the n o r m in local
government . Yet beneath the surface, the poleis
had undergone radical changes. Because kings
wielded absolute power, once-independent cities
such as Athens and C o r i n t h lost their freedom to
make peace or wage war. A l t h o u g h they chose
their o w n local governments, these cities n o w
served as the bureaucratic centers that adminis-
tered their rulers ' huge kmgdoms .
3. As we saw i n Chapter 3, cit izenship i n the
city-states of classical Greece was a careful ly
l imi ted c o m m o d i t y that gave people a sense of
identity, guaranteed desirable r ights and p r i v i -
leges, and demanded certain responsibilit ies.
The terr i tories that any city-state c o n t r o l l e d
were relatively smal l , yet even Athens at the
height of its empire i n the f i f t h century B.C.E.
never considered g iv ing A t h e n i a n cit izenship t o
all the people i t r u l e d , even w i t h i n A t t i c a . I n
contrast , d u r i n g the Hellenist ic Age, large k i n g -
doms conta in ing many cities were the basic
po l i t i ca l units . People were both subjects of a
k i n g and citizens of their par t i cular cities. To be
sure, some philosophers played w i t h the idea o f
a universal cit izenship of a l l h u m a n k i n d , b u t
there was no n o t i o n of a cit izenship that al l the
people in one k i n g d o m w o u l d share. Cit izenship
lost its p o l i t i c a l force because i n d i v i d u a l cities
had lost their p o l i t i c a l autonomy. I n a sharp
break w i t h earlier practice, i m p o r t a n t men
sometimes gained the honor of cit izenship i n
more than one city, w h i c h Greeks i n the Classi-
cal Age w o u l d have f o u n d inconceivable.
To mainta in the i l lusion of the cities' inde-
pendence, Hellenistic kings permitted considerable
autonomy ir
while democr
the Archaic s
interests of t l
Hellenistic A
and governm
deteriorated, i
the k ing con
4. magistracies,
court of the k
civic leaders A
land grants,
the monarchs
ties that hour
these urban (
their vast for t
gymnas iums, ;
citizens.
Hel len is t !
their cities in
Dis t inc t ive st
t i o n q u i c k l y s
R o m e , and o
Medi terranea j
t u r a l i n n o v a t i
complexes, w
the Hellenisti<
i n the success
o n a g r i d p l a n
ranean w o r l d ,
space. Stone t
counc i l halls ,
stoas sprang
baths w i t h [
complexes w i t
lecture halls.
Hellenistic
populat ions thi
Egypt's largest
city, boasted la
Greeks, Jews, ;
these groups l i
5. and often f o u g l
all part ic ipated
culture. For e:
spoke Greek
into Greek, a •
Hellenistic Society and Culture 125
autonomy in local government. Nonetheless,
whi le democracies had developed i n Greece dur ing
the Archaic and Classical periods to protect the
interests of the poor as wel l as the r ich, in the
Hellenistic Age the wealthy dominated society
and government, and the condit ion of the poor
deteriorated. Rich men appointed or approved by
the k i n g control led all the courts, held all the
magistracies, and represented all the cities at the
court of the kings, w h o i n return showered these
civic leaders w i t h honors and rewards. T h r o u g h
land grants, tax immunit ies , and other favors,
the monarchs developed networks of personal
ties that bound civic leaders to them. I n return,
these urban elites served their k ing and spent
their vast fortunes bui ld ing magnificent temples,
gymnasiums, and other structures for their fe l low
citizens.
Hel lenist ic kings and aristocrats turned
their cities in to showcases of art and design.
Dis t inc t ive styles of b u i l d i n g and ornamenta-
t i o n q u i c k l y spread f r o m the east to Carthage,
Rome, and other communi t ies i n the western
M e d i t e r r a n e a n . The most dis t inct ive architec-
t u r a l innovat ions i n the cities were vast palace
6. complexes, w h i c h were b u i l t to accommodate
the Hel lenis t ic monarchs and their entourages
in the successor k i n g d o m s . L a y i n g o u t streets
on a g r i d p l a n became standard i n the M e d i t e r -
ranean w o r l d , l ending a sense of order t o u r b a n
space. Stone theaters for plays and spectacles,
counci l halls, and roofed colonnades called
stoas sprang up everywhere, as d i d p u b l i c
baths w i t h heated pools and gymnas ium
complexes w i t h sports faci l i t ies , l ibrar ies , and
lecture halls .
Hellenistic cities contained more diverse
populat ions than had classical poleis. Alexandr ia ,
Egypt's largest and most cosmopol i tan Greek
city, boasted large communit ies of Macedonians,
Greeks, Jews, Syrians, and Egyptians. A l t h o u g h
these groups lived i n different areas of the city
and often fought violent ly w i t h one another, they
al l part ic ipated to varying degrees in Alexandria 's
culture. For example, Alexandr ian Jews w h o
spoke Greek translated the H e b r e w Bible
in to Greek, a version called the Septuagint, so
li APHRODITE OF MELOS
Ij Aphrodite, the goddess of sexual love, displayed the
p perfection of the female form. This marble statue of
Ij her, which was found on the Greel< island of Melos,
!j was sculpted in the middle of the second century
I B.c.E. Popularly known by her Italian name, Venus di
i Milo, the goddess is half-nude. She rests on her right
I foot and seems to step forward toward the viewer.
1 Originally one of her missing arms was probably
I raised to cover her breasts in a gesture of modesty.
I Her facial expression is serene. The garment draped
i! loosely around her hips allowed the sculptor to
7. ;] explore the play of thin cloth over her thighs,
I; expressing his delight in movement and physicality.
More sedate than other voluptuous representations
1 of Aphrodite from the Hellenistic period, this statue
li portrays a male vision of a perfect woman, highly
i sexual but also charmingly modest.
that Jews w h o had lost their command of
H e b r e w could understand i t . The Septuagint
later prov ided early Christians, many of w h o m
126 CHAPTER 4 Hellenistic Civilization
spoke and read Greek, w i t h their knowledge of
the H e b r e w Bible, w h i c h Christians refer to as the
O l d Testament.
N e w Opportunities for Women
One measure of the status of w o m e n i n a society
is the level of female infant ic ide . Greek parents
in the Classical Age rout ine ly abandoned
unw a nted female babies, leaving them to die.
Hel lenist ic famil ies , however, p a r t i c u l a r l y those
of the Ptolemaic n o b i l i t y , raised more baby girls
than before. Greek w o m e n i n Egypt and other
Hellenized lands as w e l l as m a n y other H e l l -
enized lands, enjoyed f u l l citizenship and held
religious offices. M a n y o w n e d land and p r o p -
erty, paying taxes as men d i d , but they could
o n l y enter in to business contracts of m i n i m a l
value o n their o w n .
Some aristocratic Hellenistic w o m e n wielded
8. considerably more power than had been conceiv-
able i n the classical Greek per iod. The wives of
Hellenistic kings were models of the new, more
p o w e r f u l Hellenistic w o m a n . Inscriptions praise
Hellenistic queens for demonstrat ing such t rad i -
t ional female virtues as piety and for produc ing
sons. As publ ic benefactors, these w o m e n bui l t
temples and publ ic w o r k s , sponsored charioteers
at the O l y m p i c Games, and prov ided dowries for
poor brides. Queens sometimes exerted real
authori ty , support ing and commanduig armies.
For example, Arsinoe 11 (r. 276 -270 B .C.E . ) , sister
and wi fe of Ptolemy I I , directed the Egyptian
armies and navies of the Ptolemaic k i n g d o m i n
their conquest of Phoenicia and m u c h o f the coast
of Anato l ia . Egyptian sources refer to her as
Pharaoh, a roya l t i t le usually reserved for men,
and she was often identtfied with the goddess Isis.
To a lesser extent, opportuni t ies for non-
aristocratic Greek w o m e n also increased d u r i n g
d'i'ivcws,, wvwc, Kadvug, and w r i t i n g ,
and scholarship and phi losophy. O f t e n the
daughters o f scfiofars became scholars chem-
seWes. We k n o w that non-aristocratic Greek
w o m e n w r o t e about astronomy, musical theory,
and i i terature , and many female poets competed
for honors . I n a d d i t i o n , a few Hellenistic w o m e n
distinguished themselves as p o r t r a i t painters,
architects, and harpists. Despite these accom-
plishments, w o m e n stil l had fewer rights and
opportuni t ies than men, and they remained
under the supervision of their male relatives. I n
9. Egypt, a w o m a n could not travel overnight w i t h -
o u t her husband's permission.
A r t and architecture d u r i n g the Hellenist ic
per iod changed as Greek c iv i l iza t ion was i n t r o -
duced i n t o the successor k ingdoms . Art ists and
architects continued to use classical mot i f s and
themes, but instead of s imply i m i t a t i n g classical
models, they used them i n new ways. This cre-
ative development of Greek classicism resulted
f r o m b o t h the freedom that artists experienced
w o r k i n g in a new environment and f r o m the
influences of native cultures. The most notable
stylistic i n n o v a t i o n of the Hellenist ic age was the
baroque style, w h i c h suggested movement rather
than repose and of ten appealed to the emotions.
The baroque style was evident i n m a n y of
the Hellenist ic temple precincts, where the
designers created sweeping vistas across care-
f u l l y p lanned terraces and grand stairways.
Some of the finest examples of Hellenist ic
baroque architecture have survived i n Perga-
m u m , a Greek c i ty on the southern coast of
modern Turkey, close to the Aegean Sea. To
commemorate the v i c tory of Pergamum over the
Celts and the Seleucids, K i n g At ta lus I ( 2 4 1 - 1 9 7
B.C.E.) commissioned a series of monuments .
The Acropohs i n Athens prov ided the classical
model for this w o r k , but the commiss ion of
native craftsmen to create these monuments
helps to expla in their baroque features, most
notab ly their vast scale and their m a n y di f ferent
local ^Qvrtts, v>;lvvcb. lead tlve wewev's e across
tie bqades ol tVieWVid'mgs.
10. Hellenist ic sculptors also t o o k classical
GreeJc lornis in new directions. T u r n i n g
away f r o m representations of ideal perfection,
Hellenistic artists delighted i n explor ing the
movement of rhe h u m a n body and varieties of
XysTicj
Divine fusi
The widespi
such as illne
property, in
led people i
crimes. The
such as thel
eery, and ac
crimes such
insulting thi
ary without
clothes. It d
person had
intentionall;
sign of the >
offenders b̂
guilt, they c
ary to disco
anger and I
their misbel
receive sign
cles or in di
lnscripti(
dess Demel
the late sec
reveal that '
sometimes
11. depositing.
sanctuary. 1
the alleged
force the of
ary to conf(
inscriptions
dedicate to
goddess, D
who has m
[claiming] t
mv own m.
j „ : n inscn]
"curse tabl
tic world 0
128 CHAPTER 4 Hellenistic Civilization
justice that would give the aggrieved party moral
satisfaction or possibly revenge.
People suspected of crimes could also appeal to
the gods to establish their innocence. When a
woman named Tatias heard rumors that she had
given her son-in-law a magical potion that had
driven him insane, she went to the local sanctuary
and "deposited curses in the temple." This public
ceremony, which differed from the writing of a
malevolent curse in private, was her way of
demonstrating to the community that she was
innocent. Unfortunately for Tatias, her relatives
publicly annulled her curses, leaving her guilty in
the eyes of society.
12. Ideally the only parties involved in this
process were the accusers, the confessing
criminals, and the gods, but the priests in the
sanctuary often played a crucial role in the
process. They would receive or perhaps even
solicit accusations from the victims of crime,
assist in writ ing the confessions, and interpret
the supposed signs of the divine wil l . In many
cases they attempted to show that the afflictions
that brought people to the sanctuary in the first
place were punishments for their offenses. The
priests did not, as historians once believed,
inflict corporal punishment, but they did advise
those who confessed how they might atone for
their transgressions. Sometimes they interro-
gated an afflicted person who came to the sanc-
tuary to determine the cause of the gods' wrath.
Thus, the priests played a role usually assigned
to judges in actual trials. The procedures fo l -
lowed in the sanctuaries were not trials in the
proper sense of the word because they did not
involve the testimony of witnesses or the deliv-
ering of verdicts. But the inscriptions often used
legal language, which the priests probably
suggested, and the procedure served the same
purpose as a trial, which was to resolve conflict
in society. Like trials, these proceedings involved
encounters between the priest serving in a
quasi-judicial capacity and the person w h o came
to the sanctuary, as well as between that person
and the god who was believed to have spoken
through an oracle or a dream.
The involvement of priests in a process that
resembled a trial of both secular and religious
13. crimes reveals that Hellenistic societies drew no
f irm line between the secular and the religious
spheres. Crimes that were prosecuted in the sec-
ular courts could also be dealt with in religious
sanctuaries. Without the assistance of the priests,
who controlled access to the sanctuaries and
helped formulate the confessions, the process
could not have functioned properly. The dedica-
tion of appeals and confessions to the gods also
shows that the gods in these polytheistic societies
were believed to play an active role not only in
the resolution of problems of everyday life, but
also in the administration of justice.
For Discussion
1. Why might a person in a Hellenistic kingdom
go to a local sanctuary and later confess to a
religious or secular offense?
2. How did Hellenistic religious beliefs influence
prevailing notions of justice?
Taking It Further
Angelos Chaniotis, "Under the Watchful Eyes of
the Cods," in S. Colvin (ed.). The Creco-
Roman East: Politics, Culture, Society (2006). A
study based on more than 140 confessions
inscribed in stone.
PERGAMl
The buildin
the Helleni;
facades tha
shown here
14. with a 371-
the altar w;
of the Cree
founder of
b o w of a sf
her garmen
painted i n I
human fra i l i
ebrated beai
rhe Celt and
the t h i r d ce
not only ph
of h u m a n ei
is c o m m i t t i r
facial expression. Their subjects ranged f r o m
al lur ing love goddesses to drunks and haggard
o ld boxers. Artists enjoyed p o r t r a y i n g the play of
fabrics across the human body to accentuate the
contours of male and female flesh. The statue of
N i k e of Samothrace, probably carved on the
island of Rhodes about 200 B.C.E., depicts this
Greek goddess as i f she has just landed o n the
Literature
M u c h H e l l
sui'viving w
originaUty
Hellenistic Society and Culture 129
j PERGAMUM ALTAR OF ZEUS
15. i The buildings at Pergamum in northwest Anatolia (present-day
Turkey) were constructed in
the Hellenistic baroque style. They were based on classical
Creek models but had sweeping
facades that presented the viewer with multiple focal points.
The Altar of Zeus at Pergamum,
shown here in a twentieth-century reconstruction, is positioned
on a massive stone podium
with a 371-foot colonnade (a porch with a line of columns).
Like many baroque buildings,
the altar was opulently decorated. The two long friezes below
the colonnade depict the life
: of the Creek mythological figure Telephos, son of Heracles,
who was believed to be the
ii founder of the city of Pergamum.
b o w of a ship, w i t h her wings outstretched and
her garment b l o w i n g i n the w i n d . Sometimes
painted i n bright colors, these statues explored
h u m a n f ra i l ty and homeliness as often as they cel-
ebrated beauty and lof ty emotions. The statue of
the Celt and his wi fe , also carved in Pergamum i n
the t h i r d century B.C.E. (see page 109), conveys
not only physical movement, but also the depth
of h u m a n emotions experienced by the m a n w h o
is c o m m i t t m g suicide.
Literature
JVIuch Hellenistic literature has vanished, but
surviving works give a glimpse of creativity and
or iginal i ty that often combined urbani ty and
.scholarship. Hellenisdc poets turned to f r ivolous
themes because the repressive poHtical climate dis-
16. couraged them f r o m questioning authorit)-. L ight
comedy became immensely popular, especially i n
the hands of the p l a y w r i g h t JMenander of Athens
(ca. 300 B.C.E.) . This clever author delighted audi-
ences w i t h escapist, f ro thy tales of temporar i ly
frustrated love and happy endings. These plays,
k n o w n n o w as N e w Comedy, developed f r o m the
risque satires of classical Athens. They featured
v i v i d street language and a cast of stock charac-
ters: crotchety parents, naive young men, silly
young w o m e n , clever slaves, and wicked pimps.
Theocritus (ca. 300-ca. 260 B.C.E.) , w h o came
f r o m the city of Syracuse in Sicily but wrote i n
Alexandria, invented a new genre called pastoral
130 CHAPTER 4 Hellenistic Civilization
NIKE OF SAMOTHRACE
This statue of Nike, the winged Creek goddess of victory,
found on the Creek island of Samothrace, captures the
sensation of her flight through the air by portraying her
wings outstretched and the wind blowing the folds of her
garment. The statue was situated on the sculpture of a bow
of a ship, where Nike has just landed.
learning in works ranging f r o m Collections of
Wonders of the World to his moving love
poems, the Elegies. His poetry provides the
best example of the erudite style k n o w n as
Alexandrianism, which demonstrated a com-
mand of meter and language and appealed
more to the intellect than to the emotions.
17. The most accomplished h is tor ian of the
Hellenistic period was Polybius (ca. 2 0 2 - 1 2 0
B .C .E . ) , a native of the Greek ci ty of Me ga-
lopol is . Polybius devoted the latter par t o f
his life to w r i t i n g a history of Rome's mete-
oric rise to power w i t h i n the Medi terranean
region. As a w o r k of l i terature, Polybius's
Histories cannot compete w i t h those of the
great Greek historians Thucydides and
He ro do tus ; his leaden style prevented h i m
f r o m captur ing the drama of events. The
strength of Histories lies i n its comprehen-
sive coverage o f events i n al l the countries
of the Mediterranean w o r l d and its adher-
ence to high standards of accuracy and
impar t ia l i ty , both of w h i c h were noticeably
absent in the w o r k s of his predecessors.
HELLENISTIC PHILOSOPHY
AND SCIENCE
m W h a t d i d Hel lenis t i c th inkers
c o n t r i b u t e t o p h i l o s o p h y and the scientif ic
invest igat ion o f the n a t u r a l w o r l d ?
poetry. His verses described idyllic life in the coun-
tryside, but his rustic herdsmen reflected the sad-
ness and tensions of city life. O f all the Hellenistic
poets, Theocritus has had the most wide-ranging
and enduring influence, providing a model for pas-
toral verse in Rome, Shakespeare's England, and
even nineteenth-centuty Russia. The other great
poet of Alexandria, Callimachus (ca. 305-240
B.C.E.) , combined playfulness w i t h extraordinary
Hellenist ic philosophers distinguished
between three branches of their discipline:
18. logic or the study o f abstract reasoning;
ethics, the study of h o w one should conduct
one's l i fe ; and physics, the study of the natura l
w o r l d . I n the M i d d l e Ages educated people
began to refer to physics as natural phi losophy;
since the eighteenth century they have identi f ied
this type of investigation as science. D u r i n g the
Hellenistic period al l three branches of philoso-
phy remained anchored i n the w o r k s of Plato
and Aris to t le , but phi losophy acquired its o w n
distinctive features.
• f i g
Philosop
of Mind
The Hel ler
most s t r i k i
p h i l o s o p h i
p e r i o d — t h
Cynics—si
an inner tj
ing to X e i
the Platoni
s tudying p
disturbanc
t r a n q u i l i t y
people. Its
interact ing
w h i c h w e r