This study aimed to determine the correlation between stature and cranial measurements in a population from North India. Cranial length, breadth, and height were measured on 800 medical students aged 17-25 years. Regression analyses found significant positive correlations between stature and both cranial length and breadth for both males and females. Regression equations were generated that could estimate stature based on cranial measurements, which the authors concluded could be useful for forensic and anthropological applications when only skull remains are available. Measurement reliability was high, with technical error of less than 0.5 cm. The study provides population-specific equations for estimating height from cranial dimensions in North Indians.
Neck Circumference as an Indicator of Overweight and Obesity in Young Adultssajjalp
Abstract Neck circumference (NC) measurement is one of the simple screening measurements, that can be used as a marker of upper body fat distribution to notice overweight. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between NC and overweight/obesity. In this cross-sectional study a total 198 college students (120 Female, 78 Male) aged 18-23 years were participated using convenience method. Anthropometric measurements of ﰀﰁﰂﰃﰄﰅﰁﰀﰆﰇﰄﰈﰄﰆﰉﰄﰊﰀﰂﰈﰄﰃﰆﰊﰋﰋﰌﰈﰃﰍﰅﰎﰆﰁﰌﰆﰁﰏﰄﰆﰎﰂﰍﰃﰄﰐﰍﰅﰄﰀﰆﰌﰑﰆﰇﰌﰈﰐﰃﰆﰏﰄﰊﰐﰁﰏﰆﰌﰈﰎﰊﰅﰍﰒﰊﰁﰍﰌﰅﰓﰆﰔﰁﰂﰃﰄﰅﰁﰀﰆﰇﰍﰁﰏﰆﰕﰖﰆﰗﰘﰙﰆﰋﰉﰆﰑﰌﰈﰆﰉﰊﰐﰄﰆ ﰊﰅﰃﰆﰗﰘﰚﰆﰋﰉﰆﰑﰌﰈﰆﰑﰄﰉﰊﰐﰄﰆﰊﰅﰃﰆﰛﰜﰝﰆﰗﰆﰞﰟﰆﰠﰎﰡﰉ2 are identified as overweight. The percentages of the male and female ﰀﰁﰂﰃﰄﰅﰁﰀﰆ ﰇﰍﰁﰏﰆ ﰛﰜﰝﰆ ﰗﰆ ﰞﰟﰆ ﰠﰎﰡﰉ2 were 9% and 15.8% respectively and with high NC were 47.4% and 23.3 % respectively. In both male and female students, there were significant and positive correlation of neck circumference with body weight (male, r=0.572; female, r=0.629; p=0.001), waist circumference (male, r= 0.407; female, r= 0.623; p=0.001), hip circumference (male, r=0.546; female, r=0.579; p=0.001), BMI (male, r= 0.532; female, r= 0.588; p=0.001), waist to hip ratio (female, r = .376; p= .001), and waist to height ratio (male, r= 0.33; female, r= 0.574; p=0.001). A significant and independent association was found between NC and overweight levels using multiple regression analysis in young adults. This study indicates neck circumference is a simple screening measure that can be used to identify overweight/obesity.
Keywords: neck circumference, body mass index, overweight, anthropometry
Comparative Study of Orbital Indices in Human Dry Skulls Obtained from People...BRNSS Publication Hub
Aim: The aim of this study is to measure the known variables of orbital indices with utilization of human
dry skulls among people in eastern region of Nepal. Materials and Methods: The parameters (such as
orbital height [OH], orbital breadth [OB], and orbital index [OI]) were used for comparative analysis of
orbital indices in collected skull samples. Based on these morphological features, each human dry skull
was categorized into megaseme, mesoseme, and microseme groups. The determination of orbital indices
with known parameters (such as OH, OB, and OI) was carried out in next. Results and Discussion: Here,
we observed that abundantly 54% of people had OI >89 that had laid us to report that majority of
population in this area belongs to the megaseme group. Mesoseme was next to grasp population as
32% of collected skulls were having OI values between 83 and 89. The remaining 14% were set into
microseme with OI values <83. We further investigated the pattern of variation in both right- and leftsided
OH, OB, and OI, and their findings were peculiar to interestingly report in our study among people
residing in this part of the world.
A comparative study of Diathermy Vs Scalpel skin incision in abdominal surgeriesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Neck Circumference as an Indicator of Overweight and Obesity in Young Adultssajjalp
Abstract Neck circumference (NC) measurement is one of the simple screening measurements, that can be used as a marker of upper body fat distribution to notice overweight. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between NC and overweight/obesity. In this cross-sectional study a total 198 college students (120 Female, 78 Male) aged 18-23 years were participated using convenience method. Anthropometric measurements of ﰀﰁﰂﰃﰄﰅﰁﰀﰆﰇﰄﰈﰄﰆﰉﰄﰊﰀﰂﰈﰄﰃﰆﰊﰋﰋﰌﰈﰃﰍﰅﰎﰆﰁﰌﰆﰁﰏﰄﰆﰎﰂﰍﰃﰄﰐﰍﰅﰄﰀﰆﰌﰑﰆﰇﰌﰈﰐﰃﰆﰏﰄﰊﰐﰁﰏﰆﰌﰈﰎﰊﰅﰍﰒﰊﰁﰍﰌﰅﰓﰆﰔﰁﰂﰃﰄﰅﰁﰀﰆﰇﰍﰁﰏﰆﰕﰖﰆﰗﰘﰙﰆﰋﰉﰆﰑﰌﰈﰆﰉﰊﰐﰄﰆ ﰊﰅﰃﰆﰗﰘﰚﰆﰋﰉﰆﰑﰌﰈﰆﰑﰄﰉﰊﰐﰄﰆﰊﰅﰃﰆﰛﰜﰝﰆﰗﰆﰞﰟﰆﰠﰎﰡﰉ2 are identified as overweight. The percentages of the male and female ﰀﰁﰂﰃﰄﰅﰁﰀﰆ ﰇﰍﰁﰏﰆ ﰛﰜﰝﰆ ﰗﰆ ﰞﰟﰆ ﰠﰎﰡﰉ2 were 9% and 15.8% respectively and with high NC were 47.4% and 23.3 % respectively. In both male and female students, there were significant and positive correlation of neck circumference with body weight (male, r=0.572; female, r=0.629; p=0.001), waist circumference (male, r= 0.407; female, r= 0.623; p=0.001), hip circumference (male, r=0.546; female, r=0.579; p=0.001), BMI (male, r= 0.532; female, r= 0.588; p=0.001), waist to hip ratio (female, r = .376; p= .001), and waist to height ratio (male, r= 0.33; female, r= 0.574; p=0.001). A significant and independent association was found between NC and overweight levels using multiple regression analysis in young adults. This study indicates neck circumference is a simple screening measure that can be used to identify overweight/obesity.
Keywords: neck circumference, body mass index, overweight, anthropometry
Comparative Study of Orbital Indices in Human Dry Skulls Obtained from People...BRNSS Publication Hub
Aim: The aim of this study is to measure the known variables of orbital indices with utilization of human
dry skulls among people in eastern region of Nepal. Materials and Methods: The parameters (such as
orbital height [OH], orbital breadth [OB], and orbital index [OI]) were used for comparative analysis of
orbital indices in collected skull samples. Based on these morphological features, each human dry skull
was categorized into megaseme, mesoseme, and microseme groups. The determination of orbital indices
with known parameters (such as OH, OB, and OI) was carried out in next. Results and Discussion: Here,
we observed that abundantly 54% of people had OI >89 that had laid us to report that majority of
population in this area belongs to the megaseme group. Mesoseme was next to grasp population as
32% of collected skulls were having OI values between 83 and 89. The remaining 14% were set into
microseme with OI values <83. We further investigated the pattern of variation in both right- and leftsided
OH, OB, and OI, and their findings were peculiar to interestingly report in our study among people
residing in this part of the world.
A comparative study of Diathermy Vs Scalpel skin incision in abdominal surgeriesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
The relationship among isometric grip strength recovery and anthropometric pa...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Grip strength has a specific role in ergonomics especially for hand tool using. In ergonomics a hand tool must be designed such a way that provide a better fit for the user, hence it reduces the risk of potential injuries associated with the use of hand tool. Grip strength decreases in repetitive hand activities, and that it will recover after an adequate rest period. This paper presents the relationship between isometric grip strength and recovery in addition to the influence of potential anthropometric factors on grip strength. 20 male and 20 female subject’s age range from 20 to 51 years were selected in order to evaluate dominant hand grip strengths. Factors assessed for potential association with grip strength were; demographics such as age and gender; body constructs such as height and weight; upper extremity such as the linear dimensions of elbow to wrist length, hand length and hand breadth. Linear regression analysis was performed in order to identify influencing factors independently associated with grip strength. Pearson product correlation was performed to identify the nature of relationship between isometric grip strength and anthropometric parameters. Through descriptive statistics based on greatest mean grip strength, optimal handle position has been found in position-3 (3.5 cm) for male and position-2 (3.0 cm) for female. Mean grip strength of male has been found greater than female. Grip strengths of male and female in dominant hands are found to decrease with aging, and are significantly different between male and female. Z-test indicates that there are no significant differences on the rate of recovery at each point in time between groups. Linear regression analysis indicates that weight and hand breadth in male; age and weight in female have a significant effect on grip strength.
Keywords: Grip strength, Grip Analyzer, Correlation, Z-test, Regression and ANOVA.
Does the Minimally Invasive Quadriceps Sparing Approach Provide Better Short ...CrimsonPublishersOPROJ
Does the Minimally Invasive Quadriceps Sparing Approach Provide Better Short Term Recovery Than The Medial Parapatellar Approach In Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty? by Rachel Taute* in Crimson Publishers: Orthopedic Research and Reviews Journal
Digit ratio as a means of predicting pull ups in male students of Uttar PradeshSports Journal
Objective: To Predict the pulls in male using Digit Ratio in the students of Degree college in Deoria of
Uttar Pradesh.
Methods: Digit Ratio and Pull up test were used on 600 boys from rural and urban area studying in aided
college of Deoria. Further.
Results: No significant relationship was found between the Digit ratio of both hands on the prediction of
Pull Ups.
Conclusions: Based on the present data, it was concluded that digit ratio do not predict pull ups.
Varying work schedules are suspected of increasing risks to pregnant women and to fetal well being. In particular, maternal hormonal disturbance arising from sleep deprivation, circadian rhythm disruption might impair fetal growth or lead to complications. This review was based on few high quality studies.
DR RAVI R KASLIWAL
MBBS MD DM FIMSA MNAMS
DESIGNATION :
CHAIRMAN CLINICAL & PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY, COMMUNITY OUTREACH PROGRAM AND TEACHING PROGRAM MEDANTA The MEDICITY SECTOR 38 – GURGAON NCR
Clinical prediction rule in spinal painNityal Kumar
This lecture is on spinal pain and the clinical methods used in treating the pain. Clinical prediction rules is a research method done systematically describing when to use which method of treatment approach
Nutritional Status And Somatotype Study on Sabar males of Puruliapratanubanerjee3
The Somatotype represents a criteria utilized to find out body composition and it had been inspired by different factors along with nutrition. You will get a sample research paper from this powerpoint presentation. If you need research paper writing from pratanu banerjee call 91-8017517171 or you can send your requirement via email pratanubanerjee9@gmail.com
Stature Estimation from Index and Ring Finger in Kashmiri PopulationAJASTJournal
Background: Estimation of stature plays a very important role in personal identification and medico legal examination in activities like mass disaster, bomb explosive, air crash, terror etc. For the purpose of identification, it becomes quite easy when whole of the body is available but in cases where the only the fragments of body found, it becomes extreme difficult to continue with the process of identification. Aim: The aim of this study is to find regression equation through hand various measurements particularly in Kashmiri Pandit’s with pure trait residing in territory of Jammu, India. Subject and Method: For this study, 126 females and 144 males with age groups 20-45 years were taken. Length of both the hand was done with the help of vernier caliper from bracelet crease to the tip of middle finger, length of index and ring finger was measured from proximal flexion to their respective tips while the hand breadth was taken with vernier caliper from meta carpel radiale to meta carpel ulnar. The total height of the individual was measured with anthropometric scale and all these measurements were done after informed consent. Data was analyzed with the help of SPSS-16 using basic statistics -linear regression, multiple regression and t-test. Results: Significant co-relations between stature and entire hand dimensions were established except the hand breadth. The highest co relation with the stature was observed with hand length and ring finger than the other variables. Linear and multiple regression were calculated separately for males and females. Conclusion: The present study has provided with regression equations from various hand parameters that can be applied for stature estimation only in Kashmiri Pandit population only.
Morphometric Analysis of Human Fetal Kidneyiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
To Compare the Effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Ultrasound on Jaw Range ...ijtsrd
Introduction Temporomandibular joint is a horse shaped bone that articulates with the temporomandibular bone. When TM joint is not working properly, the condition is known as temporomandibular joint dysfunction joint. The TMJ is positioned Right in front of ear canals. Objective The aim and objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique MET and Ultrasound in patient with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction. Methods 20 subjects with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction were divided conveniently into two groups Group A was receiving Muscle Energy Technique MET and Group B was receiving Ultrasound. The treatment was continued for 5 days and readings were taken 1st and 5th day. Result The study showed non significant improvements in R.O.M following 5 sessions of treatment within both groups. Conclusion Muscle Energy Technique MET and Ultrasound both are effective in Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction. Dr Jaspinder Kaur | Dr Shilpy Jetly ""To Compare the Effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Ultrasound on Jaw Range of Motion in Subjects with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23579.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/23579/to-compare-the-effect-of-muscle-energy-technique-and-ultrasound-on-jaw-range-of-motion-in-subjects-with-temporomandibular-joint-dysfunction/dr-jaspinder-kaur
VO2max Trainability and High Intensity Interval Training in Humans: A Meta-An...Fernando Farias
The benefits of an active lifestyle are well documented [1–3].
Many of these benefits are also associated with higher levels of
cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) which may exert protective
effects that are independent of traditional risk factors [3,4].
Additionally, for individuals with low physical fitness, even modest
improvements in fitness can have substantial health benefits.
However, some individuals may have a limited ability to increase
their cardiorespiratory fitness (trainability) in response to endurance
exercise training
CEPHALOMETRIC NORMS FROM POSTEROANTERIOR RICKETTS’ CEPHALOGRAMS FROM HISPANIC...Iván E Pérez
Aim: The purpose of the present study was to describe the posteroanterior cephalometric norm values from Hispanic
Americans Peruvian non adults patients between years 2009 to 2010, identify possible differences between sexes and compare our results with similar studies in the literature.
Material and methods: Data from posteroanterior cephalograms from 318 patients (177 females and 141 males) between 9 and 18 years old were collected from our database; mean and standard deviation were calculated for each gender and age group.
Results: Independent samples T-test found statistically significant differences between males and females results in the intermolar width, right molar to maxillae distance, nasal width, nasal height, maxillary width, mandibular width and facial width.
Conclusions: statistically differences between sexes were found in seven from twelve transversal measurements. The norm values found in this study are similar to those reported by Ricketts’.
Applicability of the Ricketts' posteroanterior cephalometry for sex determina...Iván E Pérez
Background: The Ricketts’ posteroanterior (PA) cephalometry seems to be the most widely used and it has not been tested by multivariate statistics for sex determination. Objective: The objective was to determine the applicability of Ricketts’ PA cephalometry for sex determination using the logistic regression analysis.
Materials and Methods: The logistic models were estimated at distinct age cutoffs (all ages, 11 years, 13 years, and 15 years) in a database from 1,296 Hispano American Peruvians between 5 years and 44 years of age. Results: The logistic models were composed by six cephalometric measurements; the accuracy achieved by resubstitution varied between 60% and 70% and all the variables, with one exception, exhibited a direct relationship with the probability of being classified as male; the nasal width exhibited an indirect relationship.
Conclusion: The maxillary and facial widths were present in all models and may represent a sexual dimorphism indicator. The accuracy found was lower than the literature and the Ricketts’ PA cephalometry may not be adequate for sex determination. The indirect relationship of the nasal width in models with data from patients of 12 years of age or less may be a trait related to age or a characteristic in the studied population, which could be better studied and confirmed.
The relationship among isometric grip strength recovery and anthropometric pa...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Grip strength has a specific role in ergonomics especially for hand tool using. In ergonomics a hand tool must be designed such a way that provide a better fit for the user, hence it reduces the risk of potential injuries associated with the use of hand tool. Grip strength decreases in repetitive hand activities, and that it will recover after an adequate rest period. This paper presents the relationship between isometric grip strength and recovery in addition to the influence of potential anthropometric factors on grip strength. 20 male and 20 female subject’s age range from 20 to 51 years were selected in order to evaluate dominant hand grip strengths. Factors assessed for potential association with grip strength were; demographics such as age and gender; body constructs such as height and weight; upper extremity such as the linear dimensions of elbow to wrist length, hand length and hand breadth. Linear regression analysis was performed in order to identify influencing factors independently associated with grip strength. Pearson product correlation was performed to identify the nature of relationship between isometric grip strength and anthropometric parameters. Through descriptive statistics based on greatest mean grip strength, optimal handle position has been found in position-3 (3.5 cm) for male and position-2 (3.0 cm) for female. Mean grip strength of male has been found greater than female. Grip strengths of male and female in dominant hands are found to decrease with aging, and are significantly different between male and female. Z-test indicates that there are no significant differences on the rate of recovery at each point in time between groups. Linear regression analysis indicates that weight and hand breadth in male; age and weight in female have a significant effect on grip strength.
Keywords: Grip strength, Grip Analyzer, Correlation, Z-test, Regression and ANOVA.
Does the Minimally Invasive Quadriceps Sparing Approach Provide Better Short ...CrimsonPublishersOPROJ
Does the Minimally Invasive Quadriceps Sparing Approach Provide Better Short Term Recovery Than The Medial Parapatellar Approach In Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty? by Rachel Taute* in Crimson Publishers: Orthopedic Research and Reviews Journal
Digit ratio as a means of predicting pull ups in male students of Uttar PradeshSports Journal
Objective: To Predict the pulls in male using Digit Ratio in the students of Degree college in Deoria of
Uttar Pradesh.
Methods: Digit Ratio and Pull up test were used on 600 boys from rural and urban area studying in aided
college of Deoria. Further.
Results: No significant relationship was found between the Digit ratio of both hands on the prediction of
Pull Ups.
Conclusions: Based on the present data, it was concluded that digit ratio do not predict pull ups.
Varying work schedules are suspected of increasing risks to pregnant women and to fetal well being. In particular, maternal hormonal disturbance arising from sleep deprivation, circadian rhythm disruption might impair fetal growth or lead to complications. This review was based on few high quality studies.
DR RAVI R KASLIWAL
MBBS MD DM FIMSA MNAMS
DESIGNATION :
CHAIRMAN CLINICAL & PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY, COMMUNITY OUTREACH PROGRAM AND TEACHING PROGRAM MEDANTA The MEDICITY SECTOR 38 – GURGAON NCR
Clinical prediction rule in spinal painNityal Kumar
This lecture is on spinal pain and the clinical methods used in treating the pain. Clinical prediction rules is a research method done systematically describing when to use which method of treatment approach
Nutritional Status And Somatotype Study on Sabar males of Puruliapratanubanerjee3
The Somatotype represents a criteria utilized to find out body composition and it had been inspired by different factors along with nutrition. You will get a sample research paper from this powerpoint presentation. If you need research paper writing from pratanu banerjee call 91-8017517171 or you can send your requirement via email pratanubanerjee9@gmail.com
Stature Estimation from Index and Ring Finger in Kashmiri PopulationAJASTJournal
Background: Estimation of stature plays a very important role in personal identification and medico legal examination in activities like mass disaster, bomb explosive, air crash, terror etc. For the purpose of identification, it becomes quite easy when whole of the body is available but in cases where the only the fragments of body found, it becomes extreme difficult to continue with the process of identification. Aim: The aim of this study is to find regression equation through hand various measurements particularly in Kashmiri Pandit’s with pure trait residing in territory of Jammu, India. Subject and Method: For this study, 126 females and 144 males with age groups 20-45 years were taken. Length of both the hand was done with the help of vernier caliper from bracelet crease to the tip of middle finger, length of index and ring finger was measured from proximal flexion to their respective tips while the hand breadth was taken with vernier caliper from meta carpel radiale to meta carpel ulnar. The total height of the individual was measured with anthropometric scale and all these measurements were done after informed consent. Data was analyzed with the help of SPSS-16 using basic statistics -linear regression, multiple regression and t-test. Results: Significant co-relations between stature and entire hand dimensions were established except the hand breadth. The highest co relation with the stature was observed with hand length and ring finger than the other variables. Linear and multiple regression were calculated separately for males and females. Conclusion: The present study has provided with regression equations from various hand parameters that can be applied for stature estimation only in Kashmiri Pandit population only.
Morphometric Analysis of Human Fetal Kidneyiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
To Compare the Effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Ultrasound on Jaw Range ...ijtsrd
Introduction Temporomandibular joint is a horse shaped bone that articulates with the temporomandibular bone. When TM joint is not working properly, the condition is known as temporomandibular joint dysfunction joint. The TMJ is positioned Right in front of ear canals. Objective The aim and objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique MET and Ultrasound in patient with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction. Methods 20 subjects with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction were divided conveniently into two groups Group A was receiving Muscle Energy Technique MET and Group B was receiving Ultrasound. The treatment was continued for 5 days and readings were taken 1st and 5th day. Result The study showed non significant improvements in R.O.M following 5 sessions of treatment within both groups. Conclusion Muscle Energy Technique MET and Ultrasound both are effective in Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction. Dr Jaspinder Kaur | Dr Shilpy Jetly ""To Compare the Effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Ultrasound on Jaw Range of Motion in Subjects with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23579.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/23579/to-compare-the-effect-of-muscle-energy-technique-and-ultrasound-on-jaw-range-of-motion-in-subjects-with-temporomandibular-joint-dysfunction/dr-jaspinder-kaur
VO2max Trainability and High Intensity Interval Training in Humans: A Meta-An...Fernando Farias
The benefits of an active lifestyle are well documented [1–3].
Many of these benefits are also associated with higher levels of
cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) which may exert protective
effects that are independent of traditional risk factors [3,4].
Additionally, for individuals with low physical fitness, even modest
improvements in fitness can have substantial health benefits.
However, some individuals may have a limited ability to increase
their cardiorespiratory fitness (trainability) in response to endurance
exercise training
CEPHALOMETRIC NORMS FROM POSTEROANTERIOR RICKETTS’ CEPHALOGRAMS FROM HISPANIC...Iván E Pérez
Aim: The purpose of the present study was to describe the posteroanterior cephalometric norm values from Hispanic
Americans Peruvian non adults patients between years 2009 to 2010, identify possible differences between sexes and compare our results with similar studies in the literature.
Material and methods: Data from posteroanterior cephalograms from 318 patients (177 females and 141 males) between 9 and 18 years old were collected from our database; mean and standard deviation were calculated for each gender and age group.
Results: Independent samples T-test found statistically significant differences between males and females results in the intermolar width, right molar to maxillae distance, nasal width, nasal height, maxillary width, mandibular width and facial width.
Conclusions: statistically differences between sexes were found in seven from twelve transversal measurements. The norm values found in this study are similar to those reported by Ricketts’.
Applicability of the Ricketts' posteroanterior cephalometry for sex determina...Iván E Pérez
Background: The Ricketts’ posteroanterior (PA) cephalometry seems to be the most widely used and it has not been tested by multivariate statistics for sex determination. Objective: The objective was to determine the applicability of Ricketts’ PA cephalometry for sex determination using the logistic regression analysis.
Materials and Methods: The logistic models were estimated at distinct age cutoffs (all ages, 11 years, 13 years, and 15 years) in a database from 1,296 Hispano American Peruvians between 5 years and 44 years of age. Results: The logistic models were composed by six cephalometric measurements; the accuracy achieved by resubstitution varied between 60% and 70% and all the variables, with one exception, exhibited a direct relationship with the probability of being classified as male; the nasal width exhibited an indirect relationship.
Conclusion: The maxillary and facial widths were present in all models and may represent a sexual dimorphism indicator. The accuracy found was lower than the literature and the Ricketts’ PA cephalometry may not be adequate for sex determination. The indirect relationship of the nasal width in models with data from patients of 12 years of age or less may be a trait related to age or a characteristic in the studied population, which could be better studied and confirmed.
ANTHROPOMETRIC VARIATION OF EXTERNAL EAR AND ITS CORRELATION WITH AGEindexPub
Objective: This study was purposed to anthropological variations of external ear in different sexes, and associative changes in male and female external ears according to their height and age. Material and Methods: All possible dimensions of the external ear of 300 people (211 males and 89 females, aged 18 and above, were measured in accordance with standard anthropometric measurement procedures. A total of 7 dimensions i.e. Total Ear Length, Total Ear Width, Lobular Length, and Lobular Width were measured.
Assessment of Entrance Skin Dose in routine x-ray examinations of chest, skul...IOSR Journals
It is assumed that children are more susceptible to the effects of ionizing radiation and so deserves
special attention. Entrance skin doses (ESD) and Effective dose (E) to pediatric patients were estimated during
chest, skull, abdomen and pelvis examination in five Nigeria hospitals using DoseCal software. The mean ESD
for Chest (PA) in age range 1 – 5 in the five hospitals (H1 – H5) were 70, 139, 130, 105 and 111μGy,
respectively. The median ESD values in all the examinations were compared with the NRPB and EC reference
level and were found to be lower except for Chest PA and Chest Lateral examinations. The mean effective doses
were compared with those found in literature and were found to be comparable. Data shows that there is
variation in the result of the ESD obtained and so adherence to guidelines should be demonstrated
Study on-PREDICTION OF DIFFICULTY IN AIRWAY MANAGEMENTinfo622939
The primary responsibility of an anesthesiologist is to ensure the maintenance of a clear and open airway in anesthetized patients. This duty is critical, as any failure to secure the airway and ensure uninterrupted gas exchange, even for a brief period, can lead to catastrophic outcomes such as brain damage or death. The anesthesiologist plays a vital role in safeguarding patient safety by preventing complications related to airway management during the administration of anesthesia.
Objective: The association between telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation and outcome of melanoma is unclear and controversial. We aim to conduct a meta-analysis and investigate whether the TERT promoter mutation is a prognostic factor of melanoma.
Study Design: Appropriate studies were searched in 3 databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) were counted through random effects model.
Results: Heterogeneity was moderate in overall survival (OS) (I2=43.7%, p=0.059) and low in disease-free survival (DFS) (I2=0.0%, p=0.587). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the removal of any of the study did not affect the final results. Evidence for publication bias was not found (Begg’s test, p=0.281; Egger’s test, p=0.078). The pooled OS HRs from combined effects analysis was determined (HR 1.07; 95% CI 0.83–1.39, p=0.585), together with the pooled HRs of DFS (HR 1.65; 95% CI 1.02–2.66, p=0.042). TERT promoter mutation predicted a good outcome in meta-static melanoma patients (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.46–0.96, p=0.042). The pooled HRs of combined mutation in TERT promoter and BRAF (HR 6.27; 95% CI 2.7–14.58, p=0.000) predicted a bad outcome in melanoma patients.
Conclusion: TERT promoter mutation significantly predicted poor DFS outcome but, on the contrary, predicted a good outcome in metastatic melanoma patients. The combined TERT promoter and BRAF mutation was a significant independent factor of OS in melanoma patients.
Keywords: melanoma; meta-analysis; mutation; prognosis; promoter regions, genetic; skin neoplasms; telomerase; TERT promoter mutation; TERT protein, human
This study was to determine the mean stature, mean knee height and the correlation between stature and knee height among adults of the Annang ethnic group of Nigeria. It was also aimed to find a regression equation to predict stature from knee height in adults of the Annang ethnic group of Nigeria. A total of 400 people (216 males and 184 females) between the ages of 18 and 50 participated in this anthropometric study. These participants were randomly selected from the eight local government areas of Akwa Ibom state which make up the Annang ethnic group. Verbal consent was obtained from each individual. Stature and knee height were measured using standard anthropometric techniques. Pearson’s coefficients of correlation and regression equations were calculated using Minitab statistical package for stature and knee height. The mean and standard deviation for stature in this study was 165.29±9.98 and 160.36±9.09 for male and female respectively and that for knee height was 53.600±3.343 and 51.441±3.493 for male and female respectively. The knee height showed a significant linear correlation(r) with stature. (r=0.576 and r=0.400, (p<0.05) for males and females respectively. The following equations were derived to predict the stature (S). In males S= 73.1 + 1.72 knee height (cm), in females S= 107 + 1.04 knee height (cm). ). The results from this study showed that the male had significantly higher figures in all parameters than their female counterpart, thus indicating the existence of sexual dimorphism in these parameters among the Annang ethnic group of Nigeria. The result from this study is comparable to studies done in other ethnic groups and may be relevant in further anthropometric or forensic studies as it concerns the Annang ethnic group.
The present study was conducted in Department of Anatomy, MM institute of medical sciences & research, Mullana (Ambala), on 600 Haryanvi adults comprising of 300 males and 300 females aged 18 to 40 years. Prior informed written consent was obtained from subjects. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study were predefined. The purpose of study was to create, evaluate data on face anthropometry. Two measurements, the morphological facial length, bizygomatic breadth were taken by using standard anthropometric instruments. From the study it was concluded that the mean morphological facial length was 11.07cm in male and 10.21cm in female. Bizygomatic breadth was 13.08 cm in male & 12.35cm in female. The facial index (mean) was 86.09 in male and 84.84 in female. So all the measurements were more in males as compared to females.It was concluded that the dominant type of face shape in males was mesoproscopic (49.66 %) followed by euriprosopic (24%), leptoprosopic (12.33%), Hypereuriprosopic (11%) & Hyperleptoprosopic (3%). In females the dominant type of face was also mesoprosopic (35%) followed by Hypereuriprosopic (25%), euriprosopic (19.33%), leptoprosopic (19%) and hyperleptoprosopic (1.66%).Data of this study will be useful to anthropologist, plastic surgeons, anatomists and forensic experts.
Sara MaidaaHLTH 511 Research Methods Liberty University.docxanhlodge
Sara Maidaa
HLTH 511
Research Methods
Liberty University
Methods
Sample:
A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 20 primary school children, aged 4 to 15 years old.
Equipment:
Flexible inextensible tape: Task Force Hand Tools 25-foot tape measure.
Pediatric Height/Weight Scale
Measurements:
Weight and height were measured.
Written consent for physical examination was obtained from the parents.
All measurements were performed by trained research assistants, and under standard protocols.
Weight and height were measured twice to the nearest 0.1 cm and 0.1 kg, respectively, with children being barefoot and lightly dressed, and standing straight and immobile on the scale.
BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters (kg/m²).
Statistical Procedures:
Mean, median, standard deviation, minimum and maximum will be calculated for the sample. Data will be examined for outliers.
Pearson product moment correlation was used to determine the magnitude and significance of the relationship between food marketing and obesity in school children.
Hypotheses Being Tested:
Null Hypothesis: ρ (rho) =0 There is no significant relationship between food marketing and childhood obesity.
Alternative Hypothesis: ρ (rho) ≠0 There is a significant relationship between food marketing and childhood obesity.
Hypotheses tested at the 0.05 level of significance.
If a significant relationship between food marketing and childhood obesity is established then regression analysis was used to derive an equation to predict food marketing from obesity.
The Suitability of Arm Span as a Substitute Measurement for Height
HLTH 501
David M. Barton
Abstract
Many anthropometric equations rely on individual height. Accurate height is not obtainable when various skeletal abnormalities exist. Arm span is proposed as a possible substitute for height.
Thirteen subjects’ arm span and height were measured.
The Pearson R for arm span and height was 0.96 (p<0.05). Regression analysis was used to build and equation predicting height from arm span (Height = 0.8655 x Arm Span + 9.3368).
Results of this study show that arm span and height are strongly correlated and arm span can be used as a reliable predictor of height.
Introduction
In many medical, physiological, and human performance measurements the height of human subjects is used as a predictive and/or classification variable. Equations predicting Body Mass Index, pulmonary function, caloric expenditure, and body fat percentage are just a few of the many equations using height as a predictive variable.1
However, spinal curvature conditions such as kyphosis, scoliosis, lordosis, and kyphoscoliosis make it difficult to determine the correct height of the individual and thereby necessitating the need to identify a substitute anthropometric measurement.2
The need for an anthropometric measurement to serve as a substitute for height has long been recogn.
1. Correlation Between the Stature and Cranial
Measurements in Population of North India
Sumita Agarwal1, SK Agarwal2, SK Jain3
1Demonstrator, Department of Anatomy, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre, Moradabad, U.P., India, 2 HOD &
Professor, Department of Anatomy, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre, Moradabad, U.P., India, 3Professor,
Department of Anatomy, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre, Moradabad, U.P., India
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Height has been one of the impressive factors for personal identification of individuals since long ago & has always been
of immense interest to anthropologists & for medico-legal purposes in Forensic Medicine. Methods: The present study was conducted
on 800 Students (400 male & 400 female) medical students of cosmopolitan origin, ranging from age group of 17 – 25 years of
Western U.P. The measurements were taken at fixed time between 2 to 5 p.m. to eliminate the discrepancies due to diurnal variation.
Results: Gender differences with respect to the mean cranial length, cranial breadths were found to be significantly larger in males
compared to females. Correlation coefficient between the stature and measured cranial dimensions were found to be statistically
significant and positive in both males and females. Independent linear regression analyses for predicting the stature using the head
length and head breadth in both genders were:
Male - Stature = 109.97+3.18 x hl; Stature = 107.64+4.19 x hb
Female - Stature = 121.54+2.03 x hl; Stature = 114.88+2.58 x hb.
For height & cranial dimensions measurements, all three estimates yielded a very high degree of precision (TEM < 0.5 cm, rTEM
< 0.84%, and R ≥ 0.98). These results suggest that both height and cranial dimensions a are sufficiently precise for anthropometric
research applications. Conclusion: If one of the parameter is known the other can be known by applying the regression equations
and this is of paramount importance to the forensic and anthropology sciences.
Keywords: Correlation, Cranial dimensions, Gender, Stature
different populations such as Koreans, Caucasians,
Indians, Turkman and native Fars groups, Turkey, Zulu
populations and Mapuche individuals in Chile.7‑14
Estimation of height from length of head has also
attracted many workers to derive a formula15 but
results concerning estimation of stature from cranial
dimensions are scanty. Hence in the present study an
attempt has been made to find out the correlation (if any)
between head length, head breadth and body height in
the Population of North India.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
The present study was conducted on 800 Students
(400 male & 400 female) medical students of
cosmopolitan origin, ranging from age group of
17 – 25 years of Western U.P. The subjects have similar
socio-economic status. The measurements were taken
at fixed time between 2 to 5 p.m. to eliminate the
discrepancies due to diurnal variation. The subjects
were apparently healthy and without any craniofacial
deformity. Undue pressure was avoided while taking
the measurements. All the measurements were taken
INTRODUCTION
Height has been one of the impressive factors for personal
identification of individuals since long ago & has always
been of immense interest to anthropologists & for
medico-legal purposes in Forensic Medicine.
Dimensional relationship between body segments
and stature has been the focus of scientists for last two
decades. Only few studies have utilized the cranial
dimensions in this regard.1‑3 Scientists always face
problems to correlate the metric traits of the skeletal
remains with the stature.
Many workers have derived their own formulae for
calculating the stature from long bones, but till now
no universally acceptable formula has been derived
as to the relationship between height and long bone,
which differs according to race, age, sex & side of the
body.4 Although many formulae for stature estimation
have been proposed, but regarding the accuracy
of the use of population specific formulae on other
human populations is debatable.5,6 Evidence shows a
clear racial variation in the cranial dimensions among
Original Article
Corresponding Author:
Dr. Sumita Agarwal, G-004, Faculty Block, TMU Campus, Delhi Road, Bagarpur, Moradabad, U.P. India. Mobile No.- 08393024688.
E-mail: docsumita29@gmail.com
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2. Agarwal, et al.: Correlation Between the Stature and Cranial Measurements in Population of North India
by one observer in order to avoid inter-observer bias
employed.
Instrument
Measurements were taken with the help of “SPREADING
CALIPERS”.
Method
With the help of “SPREADING CALIPERS” Cranial
dimensions were measured with Hrdlicka’s method. The head
length (maximum anteroposerior diameter) measured from
Glabella (point above the nasal root between the eyebrows
and intersected by mid sagittal plane) to Inion (the tip of
external occipital protuberance).
The head breadth (maximum transverse diameter) measured
between the Porion (point on the posterior root of the
zygomatic arch above the middle of upper border of external
auditory meatus) of each side.
The measurements were taken with the student sitting in
the chair, in relaxed condition and the head in anatomical
position.
The height of the individual was measured between
vertex and the floor, when the person is standing erect, in
anatomical position and the head in the Frankfurt,s plane,
using Stadiometer. Height was measured to the nearest
0.1 cm.
Regression equations were computed and Pearson’s
correlation coefficient was calculated to establish the
correlation between the stature and cranial measurements
using excel on window professional 2007. The significance
of results was tested using Student’s t-test. P-value of less
than 0.001 was considered as significant.
Standardized anthropometric instruments used in all
studies, yet there is lack of uniformity between methods
and the degree of measurement error associated. This is
significant because high amounts of measurement error
can invalidate statistical results. Targets for anthropometric
assessment have been put forward by Zerfas,16 using a
repeat- measures protocol. In present study, intraobserver
precision estimates for measures of height & cranial
dimensions were evaluated from two repeated measures
on 800 subjects and then mean of two was taken. From this
replicate data, three precision estimates were calculated:
the technical error of measurement (TEM), the relative
technical error of measurement (rTEM), and the coefficient
of reliability (R),17 for reliability analysis.
Technical error of measurement (TEM) is a measure
of error variability that carries the same measurement
units as the variable measured. Its interpretation is
that differences between replicate measurements will
be within ± the value of TEM two-thirds of the time.18
Similarly, 95% of the differences between replicate
measurements are expected to be within±/2_/TEM,19 which
is referred to as the 95% precision margin. Intra-observer
TEM is estimated from differences between replicate
measurements taken by one observer, while interobserver
TEM is estimated from single measurements taken by two
or more observers.
From TEM, the coefficient of reliability (R) can be determined,
which ranges from 0 (not reliable) to 1 (complete reliability)
although there are no recommended values for R, Ulijaszek
and Kerr (1999)20 suggested that a cut-off of 0.95 be used
(i.e. a human measurement error of up to 5%). So a reduction
in error indicates improvement in measurement technique
between observers, and greater quality control.
RESULTS
Descriptive statistics for stature, head length and head
breadth among males and females are shown in Table 1.
Correlation coefficient (r) was determined using Karl
Pearson’s formula & P-Value using t-test as depicted in
Table 2.
Independent linear regression equations of stature
from head length and head breadth in both sexes in
Table 3. The mean height of the study group was found
to be significantly different (P<0.001) between genders.
Gender differences with respect to the mean ± Standard
deviation cranial length, cranial breadth were found
to be significantly larger in males compared to females
(P<0.001) (Table 1). Correlation coefficient between the
stature and measured cranial dimensions were found to
be statistically significant and positive in both males and
females (Table 2).
The technical error of measurement (TEM) can be
determined which is an accuracy index and measures
the standard deviation between repeated measures. The
formulation of TEM depends on how many observers have
taken the measurement. If the same observers has measured
on two occasions (a measure of intra-TEM) or two observers
have measured the same, then the formula for TEM is where
D is the difference between the two measurements, and N
is the sample size, as shown in Table 4.
2
D
N
2
% =
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3. Agarwal, et al.: Correlation Between the Stature and Cranial Measurements in Population of North India
It is also possible to compute the relative TEM (%TEM),
which provides an estimate of the error magnitude
relative to the size of the measurement (expressed as a
percentage) and is analogous to the coefficient of variation
(see below).
%TEM= TEM
X
*100
From TEM, the coefficient of reliability (R) can be
determined, which ranges from 0 (not reliable) to 1
(complete reliability), where SD is the standard deviation
of all measurements.
2
2
1- (TEM)
SD
For height cranial dimensions measurements, all
three estimates yielded a very high degree of precision
(TEM 0.5 cm, rTEM 0.84%, and R ≥ 0.98) (Table 4).
Observations
DISCUSSION
There are various methods to estimate stature from bones
but the earliest and reliable method is by regression
analysis.22 Height estimation by measurements of various
long bones, head measurements, hand, foot length etc. has
been attempted by several workers with variable degree
of success.
In previous studies by Saxena et al15on Agra population,
Jadav HR, Shah GV2 on Gujarat population, Sudhir PE et al21
on Maharashtra population, Seema and Mahajan A23 on
Punjab population, Santosh et al24 on Rajasthan population,
Richards, Elizabeth25 on an American White population,
Ryan I, Bidmos MA26 on South African population have
shown correlation coefficients between stature and head
length as +0.2048, 0.53, 0.62, 0.52, 0.94 (males),0.85 (females),
ranging from 0.343 to 0.447 for females and 0.285 to 0.357
for males ranged between 0.40 and 0.54. respectively.
In the present study, correlation coefficient between,
Stature with Head length = +0.215 and Stature with Head
breadth = +0.232 of males.
Stature with Head length = +0.341 and Stature with Head
breadth = +0.291 of females.
Thus significant positive correlation coefficient is
evident in both groups for head length and breadth
which is in concurrence with the above mentioned
studies. Data regarding estimation of stature from head
measurements in Indian population is scanty. According
to Glastier,27 head length is 1/8 of the total height of an
individual. Linear regression equations using either
head length or head breadth were found to be helpful
in estimating stature. Stature, head length and head
breadth were significantly greater (p0.001) in males
when compared with females, which is in concurrence
with studies. 3,28‑30 Age of puberty being two years later
in males as compared with females gives them extra
time for growth. This suggests that the formula for one
sex cannot be applied to estimate stature for the other
sex. These results suggest that both stature cranial
dimensions are sufficiently precise for anthropometric
research applications.
CONCLUSION
The prediction of the stature from incomplete and
decomposed cranial remains is essential in establishing
the identity of unknown individuals in incident of murder,
accidents or natural disasters. If one of the parameter is
known the other can be known by applying the regression
Table 1: Mean±standard deviation values of stature,
head length and head breadth
Parameters Male Female P-value
Height (cm) 169.45±6.04 156.93±5.05 0.001
Head length (cm) 18.24±0.64 17.39±0.62 0.001
Head breadth (cm) 14.86±0.71 14.13±0.54 0.001
Table 2: Correlation coefficient (r value) P‑value of
stature and head measurements
Parameters Male
(r‑value)
P‑value Female
(r‑value)
P‑value
Stature with head length +0.215 0.001 +0.341 0.001
Stature with head breadth +0.232 0.001 +0.291 0.001
Table 3: Independent linear regression analysis for
predicting the stature using the head length and head
breadth
Study group Regression equation R2 value
Male Stature=109.97+3.18xhl 1.19
Stature=107.64+4.19xhb 0.31
Female Stature=121.54+2.03xhl 2.09
Stature=114.88+2.58xhb 4.34
Table 4: Three precision estimates of reliability as TEM,
rTEM and R for different
Parameters TEM (cm) rTEM (%) R
Height 0.5 0.84 0.98
Head length 0.5 0.84 0.98
Head breadth 0.5 0.84 0.98
101 Acta Medica International | Jul - Dec 2014 | Vol 1 | Issue 2 |
4. Agarwal, et al.: Correlation Between the Stature and Cranial Measurements in Population of North India
equations and this is of paramount importance to the
forensic and anthropology sciences. The results of this
study are however applicable only when an intact skull
is examined. Measurement reliability of intraobserver
reliability of the measurement, differences between replicate
measurements taken by one observer was 0.5 cm relative
TEM as 0.84%. And even so, coefficients of reliabilities
above 0.95 are indicative of good quality control. These
results suggest that both height and cranial dimensions
a are sufficiently precise for anthropometric research
applications.
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How to cite this article: Agarwal S, Agarwal SK, Jain SK. Correlation Between
the Stature and Cranial Measurements in Population of North India. Acta
Medica International. 2014;1(2):99-102.
Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared.
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