This document summarizes a study that examined musculoskeletal problems among workers who manually sort and pack bricks in Nigeria. The study found:
1) Brick packers reported very high rates of musculoskeletal issues, especially in the wrists/hands and lower back, far exceeding rates for other workers and reference groups.
2) Rates were higher for workers who used a completely manual "hand packing" system compared to a partially mechanized "monorail" system.
3) "Hand packing" was found to be more physically demanding, requiring more bending and twisting and resulting in higher heart rates during work.
4) The study concludes manual brick packing poses high risks to musculoskeletal health and further mechanization is needed where possible to
Dr. kushagra case study, supported by TRIAGE MEDITECH NPWT INDIASiddharth Mandal
This study compared the effectiveness of vacuum assisted wound therapy (VAC) to standard wound therapy for treating open musculoskeletal injuries. 30 patients were randomly assigned to receive either VAC or standard saline dressings after surgical debridement. Wound size reductions were measured after 8 days of treatment. VAC resulted in greater wound size reductions of over 5 mm compared to less than 5 mm for standard therapy. VAC facilitated more rapid formation of healthy granulation tissue, potentially shortening healing time and reducing needs for further soft tissue procedures. The study concluded that VAC therapy is effective for open musculoskeletal wounds and produces better outcomes than standard wound care.
El documento discute varios temas relacionados con la tecnología de la información y las comunicaciones. Primero, explora el dilema que enfrentan las organizaciones entre actualizar su infraestructura TIC existente y recuperar su inversión previa. Luego, cubre el primer punto de intercambio de Internet en México y sus posibles beneficios. Finalmente, presenta siete predicciones sobre seguridad cibernética para 2013, incluidas las aplicaciones móviles maliciosas y los ataques patrocinados por gobiernos.
Consejos básicos para la creación de contenidos formativos e-learning para movil (mobile learning) con la herramienta de autor Lectora, recogidos en diversos artículos.
The document discusses how local businesses can take advantage of search engines and mobile technology for marketing. It notes that traditional advertising methods are declining while online searches are increasing. Specifically, it recommends that local businesses claim listings on search engines, optimize websites for searches, get customer reviews published online, and develop mobile and text messaging marketing to engage local customers. The company described offers services to help businesses set up these online and mobile presences to boost their visibility and drive more customers.
Green Day is an American punk rock band formed in 1987 in East Bay, California. The band is composed of Billie Joe Armstrong, Mike Dirnt, and Tre Cool. Some of Green Day's famous albums include Dookie, American Idiot, and 21st Century Breakdown. The members of Green Day have been married and divorced multiple times and have children from their past relationships.
1. A learning management system (LMS) is a software application that manages the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting and delivery of educational courses or training programs.
2. An LMS provides tools for creating and delivering content, monitoring student participation, and assessing student performance. It also provides interactive features like forums and video conferencing.
3. Popular LMS platforms allow for familiar web interfaces, repository and course management, collaboration, self-paced and facilitated learning, and introduction of online tools. However, some experts predict that LMS platforms may become less important as students engage more directly with global online discussions and publish their own content.
Este documento discute a especificidade da atuação do designer gráfico no Terceiro Setor, comparando-a com a prática alinhada à produção capitalista. Apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as origens do problema, contextualizando o papel do designer na história e discutindo a possibilidade de uma abordagem alternativa, participativa e sustentável. Finalmente, esboça um modelo metodológico para atuação no Terceiro Setor.
Towards Development Of A Standard For Public Toilets For Developing ...00shelly
This document discusses the need to develop standards for public toilets in developing countries like Bangladesh. A survey of public toilets in Dhaka, Bangladesh found most to be in poor and unusable condition due to lack of management, funding and maintenance. Compared to developed cities, Dhaka lacks public toilet planning, standards, funding and legislation. The document recommends developing a public toilet code, siting toilets based on demand, improving funding and management, and raising public awareness about maintenance to improve sanitation.
Dr. kushagra case study, supported by TRIAGE MEDITECH NPWT INDIASiddharth Mandal
This study compared the effectiveness of vacuum assisted wound therapy (VAC) to standard wound therapy for treating open musculoskeletal injuries. 30 patients were randomly assigned to receive either VAC or standard saline dressings after surgical debridement. Wound size reductions were measured after 8 days of treatment. VAC resulted in greater wound size reductions of over 5 mm compared to less than 5 mm for standard therapy. VAC facilitated more rapid formation of healthy granulation tissue, potentially shortening healing time and reducing needs for further soft tissue procedures. The study concluded that VAC therapy is effective for open musculoskeletal wounds and produces better outcomes than standard wound care.
El documento discute varios temas relacionados con la tecnología de la información y las comunicaciones. Primero, explora el dilema que enfrentan las organizaciones entre actualizar su infraestructura TIC existente y recuperar su inversión previa. Luego, cubre el primer punto de intercambio de Internet en México y sus posibles beneficios. Finalmente, presenta siete predicciones sobre seguridad cibernética para 2013, incluidas las aplicaciones móviles maliciosas y los ataques patrocinados por gobiernos.
Consejos básicos para la creación de contenidos formativos e-learning para movil (mobile learning) con la herramienta de autor Lectora, recogidos en diversos artículos.
The document discusses how local businesses can take advantage of search engines and mobile technology for marketing. It notes that traditional advertising methods are declining while online searches are increasing. Specifically, it recommends that local businesses claim listings on search engines, optimize websites for searches, get customer reviews published online, and develop mobile and text messaging marketing to engage local customers. The company described offers services to help businesses set up these online and mobile presences to boost their visibility and drive more customers.
Green Day is an American punk rock band formed in 1987 in East Bay, California. The band is composed of Billie Joe Armstrong, Mike Dirnt, and Tre Cool. Some of Green Day's famous albums include Dookie, American Idiot, and 21st Century Breakdown. The members of Green Day have been married and divorced multiple times and have children from their past relationships.
1. A learning management system (LMS) is a software application that manages the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting and delivery of educational courses or training programs.
2. An LMS provides tools for creating and delivering content, monitoring student participation, and assessing student performance. It also provides interactive features like forums and video conferencing.
3. Popular LMS platforms allow for familiar web interfaces, repository and course management, collaboration, self-paced and facilitated learning, and introduction of online tools. However, some experts predict that LMS platforms may become less important as students engage more directly with global online discussions and publish their own content.
Este documento discute a especificidade da atuação do designer gráfico no Terceiro Setor, comparando-a com a prática alinhada à produção capitalista. Apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as origens do problema, contextualizando o papel do designer na história e discutindo a possibilidade de uma abordagem alternativa, participativa e sustentável. Finalmente, esboça um modelo metodológico para atuação no Terceiro Setor.
Towards Development Of A Standard For Public Toilets For Developing ...00shelly
This document discusses the need to develop standards for public toilets in developing countries like Bangladesh. A survey of public toilets in Dhaka, Bangladesh found most to be in poor and unusable condition due to lack of management, funding and maintenance. Compared to developed cities, Dhaka lacks public toilet planning, standards, funding and legislation. The document recommends developing a public toilet code, siting toilets based on demand, improving funding and management, and raising public awareness about maintenance to improve sanitation.
SharePoint 2010 is a business collaboration platform for enterprises and the web. It provides customizable collaboration applications and portals for line of business applications and data. SharePoint 2010 can be run on-premises or hosted on SharePoint Online. It includes tools for developers, communities, and targets various application types including sites, lists, and external data sources.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones para diagnosticar y resolver problemas con un módem satelital. Describe la función de los cinco LED en el panel frontal y cómo indican el estado de operación. Explica posibles causas y soluciones para problemas comunes como la falta de servicio de Internet, incluyendo verificar la configuración de red del servidor y las estaciones de trabajo, y asegurarse de que el proxy y firewall estén configurados correctamente.
Este documento presenta un proyecto formativo sobre Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) impartido por la Ingeniera Ligia Jácome A. El proyecto enseña a los estudiantes a manejar herramientas ofimáticas, crear sitios web dinámicos y aplicar los principios técnicos de la Web 2.0. Incluye contenidos sobre fundamentos de TIC, herramientas ofimáticas, evolución de Internet, Web 1.0, Web 2.0 y bibliografía.
The document proposes creating a Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Community (LPELC) to build on an existing website and expand it with new participatory learning features. The LPELC would harness the knowledge of its target audience through discussion forums, social networking, and collaborative learning opportunities. It aims to encourage learners to both consume and contribute knowledge. The proposal argues this innovative community approach could effectively educate its audience and evaluate environmental impacts.
Este documento presenta el concepto de ciudades inteligentes y proporciona contexto sobre su relevancia para Colombia. Explora cómo las ciudades inteligentes pueden promover un desarrollo sostenible que armonice el crecimiento económico y el consumo con la explotación responsable de recursos naturales. También examina casos de estudio y elementos comunes en modelos de ciudades inteligentes. El objetivo final es desarrollar un modelo para Colombia que guíe el diseño de políticas para transformar zonas urbanas de manera inteligente.
This document provides information about several online tools for education:
- Today's Meet allows for backchanneling during presentations through online discussions.
- MindMeister is a free mind mapping tool that allows collaborative brainstorming and organizing ideas.
- Prezi is an alternative presentation tool where elements zoom and pan across a canvas rather than using slides.
- Poll Everywhere facilitates instant polling from texts or a website to gather audience feedback in real time.
- SumoPaint is a free and basic image editing program that teaches computer skills through creating graphics.
El documento contiene los horarios de varios grupos para diferentes días de la semana. Cada grupo está formado por 4-6 personas con sus respectivos nombres e incluye las iniciales de los coordinadores asignados.
Los lenguajes de programación para la web más conocidos incluyen HTML (estático), JavaScript (interpretado en el cliente), PHP y ASP (interpretados en el servidor), y Python y Ruby (multiplataforma, interpretados). Cada lenguaje tiene ventajas y desventajas dependiendo de sus características y uso previsto.
Data strategies dreamforce_2010_michele_mc_mahonMichele McMahon
The Network, Inc. is a company that helps other organizations mitigate risk through governance, risk and compliance solutions and has successfully implemented Salesforce.com across their organization in just 6 weeks. They outlined their account and contact data strategy, which involved loading existing data into Salesforce.com and enriching it using tools like Hoovers, as well as their goals to increase the percentage of key data fields completed and contacts with email addresses. The implementation went well due to executive sponsorship, extensive preparation, and support from Salesforce.com and other technology partners.
El documento describe la estrategia de virtualización implementada en la Universitat de Girona para satisfacer las necesidades cambiantes de sus usuarios en un entorno cada vez más móvil y basado en la nube. Se explica el paso de una infraestructura física duplicada a una infraestructura virtualizada que permite el acceso remoto y el autoservicio. También se destaca la importancia de centrarse en el usuario final y proveer los servicios que demande, incluyendo la creación de un mercado interno con aplicaciones y soluciones de la nube externas. El
The document discusses the obesity pandemic and corporate accountability. It notes that four out of five chronic disease deaths today occur in low and middle income countries. These countries see diseases develop at younger ages that are often accompanied by preventable complications and earlier death compared to high income countries. A diagram shows the determinants and risk factors that lead to end-point diseases like heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes. It also includes charts on the number of deaths attributable to leading risk factors in the Western Pacific Region and the change in mean BMI over time in Japan.
El resumen describe recomendaciones metodológicas para utilizar cuentos como medio de enseñanza para niños. Se recomienda crear un ambiente distendido y presentar el cuento de forma guiada al principio. Se debe dejar que los niños interactúen gradualmente con el cuento y respetar sus ritmos de aprendizaje. También se sugiere acompañar el cuento con actividades complementarias como onomatopeyas, canciones y dramatizaciones. El uso del cuento en grupo fomenta la comunicación entre los niños.
Twelve workers had their biomechanical exposure assessed through recordings of trapezius muscle activity and posture during a 4-hour workday. Handling tasks, such as manual box handling, demonstrated the highest biomechanical demand on the upper body, with high peak loads on the upper trapezius muscle and forward flexion of the upper back. However, handling tasks also showed high variation in exposure. Interventions aimed at decreasing loads in handling tasks can help reduce peak loads and risks of musculoskeletal disorders in the upper limbs. The study assessed biomechanical exposure during regular job tasks in a real industrial context to understand how manual box handling compares to other tasks.
The suitability of oxytenanthera abyssinica for development of prostheses in deIAEME Publication
This document discusses a study that tested the suitability of Oxytenanthera abyssinica (OTAB), a species of bamboo commonly found in developing countries, for use in prosthetic limbs. Mechanical tests were performed on OTAB samples to determine properties like modulus of elasticity, yield strength, and torsional strength. The results found that OTAB has properties comparable or superior to conventional prosthetic materials. Specifically, OTAB's modulus of elasticity was between 2.68-9.65 GPa, its yield strength was 42-45 MPa, and its torsional strength was 333-380 MPa. Given its widespread availability, low cost, and suitable mechanical properties, the study concludes that
This study analyzed defects in 378 nickel-titanium rotary endodontic files after clinical use over 6 months. Almost 50% of files showed visible defects, with 21% fractured. Fractures were categorized as resulting from either torsion or flexural fatigue based on the presence of accompanying defects. More files fractured due to torsion (56%), exhibiting unwinding near the fracture site, compared to flexural fatigue fractures with no defects (44%). The results suggest torsional failures from excessive apical force were more common than flexural fatigue in curved canals.
11.man and machine the measurement of range of movement of the wristAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a pilot study that compared manual goniometric measurement of wrist range of motion to measurement with a motion capture system. Fifteen subjects had their wrists measured using both techniques. The motion capture system provided more detailed data by capturing the compound angles of the wrist, while manual measurement was quicker. Discrepancies between the range of motion measurements and published values indicated that wrist position during measurement is important. The motion capture highlighted that wrists were not always held vertically during testing.
This study compared the amount of debris extruded apically during root canal preparation using three different techniques: 1) manual step-back technique with hand instruments, 2) FlexMaster rotary system, and 3) Mtwo rotary system. The manual technique extruded significantly more debris than the two rotary techniques. The Mtwo system extruded the least amount of debris, though not significantly less than the FlexMaster system. The results suggest that rotary instrumentation techniques are associated with less apical debris extrusion than manual instrumentation.
The document describes a proposed Metacarpal Nailing System to provide a minimally invasive surgical procedure for metacarpal shaft fractures. Currently, open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) using plates requires a large incision and devascularization of the fracture site, leading to longer recovery times. The Metacarpal Nailing System uses an intramedullary rod inserted through a small incision to stabilize fractures while avoiding devascularization. It has been tested on 3D printed bone models and aims to minimize invasiveness and shorten recovery compared to ORIF. The design and testing were informed by industry standards for intramedullary devices and dimensional tolerancing.
SharePoint 2010 is a business collaboration platform for enterprises and the web. It provides customizable collaboration applications and portals for line of business applications and data. SharePoint 2010 can be run on-premises or hosted on SharePoint Online. It includes tools for developers, communities, and targets various application types including sites, lists, and external data sources.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones para diagnosticar y resolver problemas con un módem satelital. Describe la función de los cinco LED en el panel frontal y cómo indican el estado de operación. Explica posibles causas y soluciones para problemas comunes como la falta de servicio de Internet, incluyendo verificar la configuración de red del servidor y las estaciones de trabajo, y asegurarse de que el proxy y firewall estén configurados correctamente.
Este documento presenta un proyecto formativo sobre Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) impartido por la Ingeniera Ligia Jácome A. El proyecto enseña a los estudiantes a manejar herramientas ofimáticas, crear sitios web dinámicos y aplicar los principios técnicos de la Web 2.0. Incluye contenidos sobre fundamentos de TIC, herramientas ofimáticas, evolución de Internet, Web 1.0, Web 2.0 y bibliografía.
The document proposes creating a Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Community (LPELC) to build on an existing website and expand it with new participatory learning features. The LPELC would harness the knowledge of its target audience through discussion forums, social networking, and collaborative learning opportunities. It aims to encourage learners to both consume and contribute knowledge. The proposal argues this innovative community approach could effectively educate its audience and evaluate environmental impacts.
Este documento presenta el concepto de ciudades inteligentes y proporciona contexto sobre su relevancia para Colombia. Explora cómo las ciudades inteligentes pueden promover un desarrollo sostenible que armonice el crecimiento económico y el consumo con la explotación responsable de recursos naturales. También examina casos de estudio y elementos comunes en modelos de ciudades inteligentes. El objetivo final es desarrollar un modelo para Colombia que guíe el diseño de políticas para transformar zonas urbanas de manera inteligente.
This document provides information about several online tools for education:
- Today's Meet allows for backchanneling during presentations through online discussions.
- MindMeister is a free mind mapping tool that allows collaborative brainstorming and organizing ideas.
- Prezi is an alternative presentation tool where elements zoom and pan across a canvas rather than using slides.
- Poll Everywhere facilitates instant polling from texts or a website to gather audience feedback in real time.
- SumoPaint is a free and basic image editing program that teaches computer skills through creating graphics.
El documento contiene los horarios de varios grupos para diferentes días de la semana. Cada grupo está formado por 4-6 personas con sus respectivos nombres e incluye las iniciales de los coordinadores asignados.
Los lenguajes de programación para la web más conocidos incluyen HTML (estático), JavaScript (interpretado en el cliente), PHP y ASP (interpretados en el servidor), y Python y Ruby (multiplataforma, interpretados). Cada lenguaje tiene ventajas y desventajas dependiendo de sus características y uso previsto.
Data strategies dreamforce_2010_michele_mc_mahonMichele McMahon
The Network, Inc. is a company that helps other organizations mitigate risk through governance, risk and compliance solutions and has successfully implemented Salesforce.com across their organization in just 6 weeks. They outlined their account and contact data strategy, which involved loading existing data into Salesforce.com and enriching it using tools like Hoovers, as well as their goals to increase the percentage of key data fields completed and contacts with email addresses. The implementation went well due to executive sponsorship, extensive preparation, and support from Salesforce.com and other technology partners.
El documento describe la estrategia de virtualización implementada en la Universitat de Girona para satisfacer las necesidades cambiantes de sus usuarios en un entorno cada vez más móvil y basado en la nube. Se explica el paso de una infraestructura física duplicada a una infraestructura virtualizada que permite el acceso remoto y el autoservicio. También se destaca la importancia de centrarse en el usuario final y proveer los servicios que demande, incluyendo la creación de un mercado interno con aplicaciones y soluciones de la nube externas. El
The document discusses the obesity pandemic and corporate accountability. It notes that four out of five chronic disease deaths today occur in low and middle income countries. These countries see diseases develop at younger ages that are often accompanied by preventable complications and earlier death compared to high income countries. A diagram shows the determinants and risk factors that lead to end-point diseases like heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes. It also includes charts on the number of deaths attributable to leading risk factors in the Western Pacific Region and the change in mean BMI over time in Japan.
El resumen describe recomendaciones metodológicas para utilizar cuentos como medio de enseñanza para niños. Se recomienda crear un ambiente distendido y presentar el cuento de forma guiada al principio. Se debe dejar que los niños interactúen gradualmente con el cuento y respetar sus ritmos de aprendizaje. También se sugiere acompañar el cuento con actividades complementarias como onomatopeyas, canciones y dramatizaciones. El uso del cuento en grupo fomenta la comunicación entre los niños.
Twelve workers had their biomechanical exposure assessed through recordings of trapezius muscle activity and posture during a 4-hour workday. Handling tasks, such as manual box handling, demonstrated the highest biomechanical demand on the upper body, with high peak loads on the upper trapezius muscle and forward flexion of the upper back. However, handling tasks also showed high variation in exposure. Interventions aimed at decreasing loads in handling tasks can help reduce peak loads and risks of musculoskeletal disorders in the upper limbs. The study assessed biomechanical exposure during regular job tasks in a real industrial context to understand how manual box handling compares to other tasks.
The suitability of oxytenanthera abyssinica for development of prostheses in deIAEME Publication
This document discusses a study that tested the suitability of Oxytenanthera abyssinica (OTAB), a species of bamboo commonly found in developing countries, for use in prosthetic limbs. Mechanical tests were performed on OTAB samples to determine properties like modulus of elasticity, yield strength, and torsional strength. The results found that OTAB has properties comparable or superior to conventional prosthetic materials. Specifically, OTAB's modulus of elasticity was between 2.68-9.65 GPa, its yield strength was 42-45 MPa, and its torsional strength was 333-380 MPa. Given its widespread availability, low cost, and suitable mechanical properties, the study concludes that
This study analyzed defects in 378 nickel-titanium rotary endodontic files after clinical use over 6 months. Almost 50% of files showed visible defects, with 21% fractured. Fractures were categorized as resulting from either torsion or flexural fatigue based on the presence of accompanying defects. More files fractured due to torsion (56%), exhibiting unwinding near the fracture site, compared to flexural fatigue fractures with no defects (44%). The results suggest torsional failures from excessive apical force were more common than flexural fatigue in curved canals.
11.man and machine the measurement of range of movement of the wristAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a pilot study that compared manual goniometric measurement of wrist range of motion to measurement with a motion capture system. Fifteen subjects had their wrists measured using both techniques. The motion capture system provided more detailed data by capturing the compound angles of the wrist, while manual measurement was quicker. Discrepancies between the range of motion measurements and published values indicated that wrist position during measurement is important. The motion capture highlighted that wrists were not always held vertically during testing.
This study compared the amount of debris extruded apically during root canal preparation using three different techniques: 1) manual step-back technique with hand instruments, 2) FlexMaster rotary system, and 3) Mtwo rotary system. The manual technique extruded significantly more debris than the two rotary techniques. The Mtwo system extruded the least amount of debris, though not significantly less than the FlexMaster system. The results suggest that rotary instrumentation techniques are associated with less apical debris extrusion than manual instrumentation.
The document describes a proposed Metacarpal Nailing System to provide a minimally invasive surgical procedure for metacarpal shaft fractures. Currently, open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) using plates requires a large incision and devascularization of the fracture site, leading to longer recovery times. The Metacarpal Nailing System uses an intramedullary rod inserted through a small incision to stabilize fractures while avoiding devascularization. It has been tested on 3D printed bone models and aims to minimize invasiveness and shorten recovery compared to ORIF. The design and testing were informed by industry standards for intramedullary devices and dimensional tolerancing.
Particle counts and size distributions in local garri processing environmentAlexander Decker
This document investigates particulate matter pollution from local garri (cassava flour) processing in Oyo, Nigeria. Continuous measurements were taken of particle number concentrations and size distributions at four major processing locations and one control location. On average, total particle counts ranged from 2.3-8.9 million particles per cubic meter for the smallest size (0.3μm) and lower counts for larger sizes. Counts were generally higher during the day when processing is most active. The smallest particles (0.3-2μm) dominated the measurements, exceeding international air quality standards. Processing activity appears to emit fine particles that remain airborne for long periods, increasing ambient particulate levels.
This document summarizes a study on structural damage to pork cuts (Longissimus dorsi) during slow freezing. Histological analysis was used to assess the area of cavities caused by ice crystal formation at different temperatures during freezing. Statistical techniques were applied to analyze the damage data and determine the relationship between damage area, time, and temperature. The maximum cavity area of 150.04 μm2 was found at -9.9°C. Ice crystal growth rate was highest at early freezing, with an average rate of 11.1 ± 5.5 μm2/°C. The statistical analysis improved understanding of damage development over the freezing process.
Intramedullary interlocking nailing in type II and type III open fractures of...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This randomized clinical trial compared the clinical efficiency of premium heat-activated copper nickel-titanium (Tanzo Cu-NiTi) archwires and NT3 superelastic nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires during initial orthodontic alignment in adolescents. 50 patients were randomly assigned to receive either Tanzo Cu-NiTi archwires or NT3 superelastic NiTi archwires. The primary outcome was alignment efficiency measured using Little's irregularity index at 4-week intervals. Secondary outcomes included changes in arch width and incisor inclination. The study found no significant differences between the two archwire types in terms of alignment efficiency, arch width changes, or incisor inclination changes. Both archwire
Characteristics of fabrics in automated handling systemsMahmoud Morsy
This document summarizes research on the low-force frictional characteristics of fabrics used in automated handling systems. It describes fabric and surface samples tested, as well as tests conducted to determine the effect of humidity and other parameters on fabric friction properties. The results indicate that humidity, fabric structure, and surface material strongly influence friction, which has implications for the reliability and design of automated fabric handling equipment operating at low forces.
The document describes the development of an ergonomic waste container for hospitals. The current waste container design requires lifting garbage bags overhead, which can cause shoulder and back injuries. The researchers designed a new waste container that rotates to 30 and 45 degrees, allowing bags to be removed without overhead lifting. Testing showed the new design significantly reduced shoulder abduction by about 9-10 degrees compared to the old design, which may decrease injury rates for custodial workers.
In vitro tests of adhesive and composite dental materialsSilas Toka
The document summarizes a review article on the relevance of in vitro tests of adhesive and composite dental materials. It discusses how laboratory tests are standardized according to ISO protocols to evaluate properties like depth of cure, flexural strength, water sorption and solubility. While laboratory tests provide useful data on material properties, they do not replace clinical studies. Some laboratory recommendations did not prove superior to simpler techniques in clinical trials. Additionally, unexpected clinical problems may arise that were not anticipated by laboratory testing alone, emphasizing the need to augment laboratory studies with long-term clinical evaluations.
In vitro tests of adhesive and composite dental materialsSilas Toka
The document summarizes a review article on the relevance of in vitro tests of adhesive and composite dental materials. It discusses how laboratory tests are conducted according to ISO standards to evaluate properties like depth of cure, flexural strength, water sorption and solubility. While such tests provide standardized physical property data, they do not replace clinical studies. Laboratory tests only partially correlate with clinical performance and cannot predict all potential problems. Both laboratory and long-term clinical studies are needed to fully assess new dental materials.
Deposition of carbon nanotubes in commonly used sample filter mediaGJESM Publication
There is no single standard technique or methodology to characterize the size, structure, number, and chemical composition of airborne carbon nanotubes. Existing analytical instruments and analytical techniques for evaluating nanoparticle concentrations cannot simultaneously provide morphology, state of agglomeration, surface area, mass, size distribution and chemical composition data critical to making occupational health assessments. This research utilized scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis to assess the morphology and mass of carbon nanotubes collected using various commercial sample filters. It illustrated carbon nanotube agglomeration, deposition and distribution in commonly used sample filter media. It also illustrated that a sufficient mass for carbon nanotube analysis by thermogravimetric analysis is uncommon under most current research and production uses of carbon nanotubes. Individual carbon nanotubes were found to readily agglomerate with diameters ranging from 1 – 63 µm. They were collected at the face of or within the filter. They were not evenly distributed across the face of the filters.
This document summarizes a journal club presentation on a study that evaluated force degradation of 10 types of latex orthodontic elastics over 48 hours both in vivo and in vitro. The study found that force degradation was highest for elastics used in vivo, followed by artificial saliva and dry air conditions. Larger diameter elastics and those with lower initial force settings exhibited slower rates of force degradation. Most groups showed slower force degradation after 12 hours. The study concluded that force degradation of latex elastics is greater in the oral environment than in vitro and provided guidelines on elastic selection for clinical use.
Similar to 11.musculoskeletal problems among brick packers (20)
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
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In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
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5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
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Power Grid Model
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What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
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Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
Contact us: info@mydbops.com
Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
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For more details and updates, please follow up the below links.
Meetup Page : https://www.meetup.com/mydbops-databa...
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LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...DanBrown980551
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
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-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
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zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...
11.musculoskeletal problems among brick packers
1. Advances in Life Science and Technology www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-7181 (Paper) ISSN 2225-062X (Online)
Vol 4, 2012
Musculoskeletal Problems among Brick Packers: A Nigeria
Perspective
Imaekhai Lawrence
Department of Materials and Production Engineering , Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria
+2348051804195. oboscos@yahoo.com
Abstract
A field survey examined the problems caused by manual sorting and packing of bricks. 139 packers from
12 plans completed the Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire. Heart rates were recorded over a shift for 45
workers, and their postures were videoed. Rates of musculoskeletal trouble were found to be very high,
particularly in the wrists/hands and low back and were higher in completely manual system (‘hand packing)
than in semi-mechanized systems (‘monorails). Hand packing produced higher heart rates and required
more bending and twisting. Where the task cannot be mechanized action should be taken on reduce the
risks.
Keywords: musculoskeletal problem, brick packers, sorting, posture, risk.
1 Introduction
Bricks are fired in kilns at temperatures of about 12000C in stacks with spaces for hot gases to circulate.
After firing and cooling they are transferred, outside the kiln, to dispatch packs which are tightly packed.
As they are packed bricks are inspected for defects such as excessive colour variations and cracks. Normal
defect rates range from over 10% to under 1%. Where problems in firing occur reject rates can be very
high.
In automated packing manual handling has been eliminated except for removal of seconds and rejects or in
the event of mechanical breakdown. In some manual packing system mechanized jigs (‘monorais’) are used
for building dispatch packs. The jigs are indexed between packing workstations at fixed intervals and each
worker is expected to place a set number of bricks into each jig before it moves on. In hand packing bricks
are plucked from a fixed kiln pack to a fixed dispatch pack. Usually in a fixed jig. Hand packers are
typically given a set number of bricks to pack and work at their own pace.
Standard bricks are 100mm x 65 mm x 210mm and range in weight from about 1.8kg to more than 3.0kg.
Inspection policies may require a packer to handle only two bricks at once (one per hand) or may permit
handling five or more bricks at once (usually held between the hands). ‘Maximum Brick Limits’ (MBLs)
may also be used to attempt to control the risks of manual handling. Loads handled can be in the region of
12.5-13 kg. Total loads may exceed 30 tonnes per man per day. Kiln packs are typically up to 1.5m high
and four brick lengths deep. Jigs are typically 8 bricks high. Monorail Jigs are two brick lengths deep, but
hand packing jigs are usually five brick lengths deep.
The Nigeria Ceramics Confederation (NCC) (1998) estimated that 650 workers were employed by member
firms in hand sorting/ packing. In 1996-7 13 sites using monorails reported 21 three-day accident under
RIDDOR 95 and 17 sites using hand packing reported 16 accidents. The mean numbers of bricks per
worker per shift were 14178 on monorails and 14167 for hand-packing. The annual injury rates per million
daily bricks ranged from 0 to 16.7 (mean 4.31, SD 5.73) on monorails and from 0 to 28.9 (mean 3.71, SD
6.81) on hand packing. These rates are not significantly different and suggest that in unfavorable
circumstances severe problems can arise in both systems.
Ferreira and Tracy (1991) compared work practices in two plants with monorails with different injury rates
and suggested that difference in work organization and methods of handling could be influencing the injury
rates. They described workers in the pant with more injuries as having handling techniques and work
organization which were characterized by lack of variety, whereas the other plant was characterized by
versatility, and used a wide variety, whereas the other plant was characterized by versatility, and used a
wide variety of handling techniques.
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2. Advances in Life Science and Technology www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-7181 (Paper) ISSN 2225-062X (Online)
Vol 4, 2012
The NCC (1998) described two questions as unresolved:1) The relative risks of hand packing and packing
on monorails; and 2). The relative risks of handling 5 bricks at a time and of handling 2 bricks at a time ad
therefore lifting 2.5 times as often. Therefore a field investigation was undertaken to address these issues.
2. Methods
The study was approved by the HSE Research Ethics Committee. The survey aspect of the study was
granted ministerial approval under the Survey Control procedures for government departments which wish
to undertake statistical survey’s in industry. All subjects gave informed consent before participating.
The aim had been to study six sites using monorails and six using hand packing, three of each with MBLs
of 4/5, and three of each with MBLs OF 2, in a factorial design. It was found included. Examining MBLs
solely within hand packing was also impossible as only two plants with MBLs of 2 could be identified. A
plant with an MBL of 3 was found, but this limit was ignored by the packers who handled up to 7 bricks
once.
HSE has used the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to survey the prevalence of musculoskeletal
‘trouble’ (‘ache, pain, discomfort or numbness) across a number of work forces (Dickinson et al., 1992,
Dickinson, 1998). Questions are asked for each of nine body regions to establish the annual prevalence, the
weekly prevalence and the annual disability. All available packers were asked to complete the NMQ,
normally during a morning break.
Heart rates were measured over a normal shift for up to four workers at each plant using Polar Heart Rate
Monitors (Polar Electro Oy, Finland). Resting heart rate was the minimum in part of a rest break with a
standard deviation of less than 5 beats per minute. Working heart rate was the mean heart rate over a one
hour period that did not include a break. Heart rate reserve was the difference between maximum (220-age,
a strand and working and resting heart rates.
Video recording of the activities of the packers whose heart rates were being measured were made over the
shift. Tapes from four plants were coded at 1 minute intervals using the observer Pro video analysis system
(Noldus information technology BV, The Netherlands) to control the video tape. The WinOWAS software
was used to asses the postures. This relates time-sampled postures to ‘Action Categories’ linked to
recommendations of the urgency of remedial action (Karhu et al, 1977, Vedder, 1998). It assigns Action
Categories (table 1) from the percentage of time that a body part is in a particular posture.
4. Results
4.1 Survey of musculoskeletal trouble
Excluding unavailable workers, the overall response rate for the NMQ was 82%. Basic anthropometric and
personal data are reported in table 2. The only statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between the two
groups of packers was that the hand packers had on average almost three years more experience.
Annual and weekly prevalence of musculoskeletal trouble are given in Table 3 for hand and monorail
packers, and for data collected by HSE from bricklayers and the 1985 Nordic Reference Data set
(Foundation for Occupational and Environmental Medical Research and Development, Orebro, 1985),
Table 3 also gives the suggestions of Dickinson (1998), for ‘high’ action levels for annual prevalence’s.
The levels of trouble reported were very much higher than both the Nordic data and the ‘high’ levels of
Dickinson (1998). The highest rates were in the wrists/hands and the lower back. Three significant
differences were found between the two packing methods with hand packing worse in each case. The
annual prevalences in the lower back were 87% respectively (x2 =4.33, p<0.05). The weekly prevalence in
the wrists/hands was nearly twice that of monorail packers (48% and 26%, x2 =7.22, p<0.01) and more than
twice that in the upper back (32% and 15%, x2 =5.29, p<0.05).
While bricklayers also have high prevalences, the problems are different and less severe than in packers.
Their weekly prevalence was 13% in the wrists/hands, but 48% and 26% for hand and monorail packers
respectively. In the lower back the frequencies were 26% for bricklayers and 64% for hand and monorail
packers.
4.2 Heart rates in hand packing and monorail packing
A significant difference of 8.8 bpm (p<0.05) was found in the working heart rates of the two types of
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3. Advances in Life Science and Technology www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-7181 (Paper) ISSN 2225-062X (Online)
Vol 4, 2012
packing but one was not found for resting heart rate (Table 4). As a result, significant differences existed in
heart rate reserve ( p<0.05) and work pulse (p<0.05).
4.3 Posture analysis
The posture analysis shows (Table 5) that at most 13% of the time was spent postures in AC3 and AC 4. For
the two monorails approximately two-thirds of the postures were AC 1. However, for the hand packing sites,
under 50% of the postures were AC 1, and over 50% were AC 2. Therefore, in terms of gross postures,
hand packing is worse than monorail packing. Bending and twisting of the trunk reached AC 3 in three
plants and AC 2 in the other and twisting by itself also reached AC 2 in one plant. It is therefore necessary
to reduce the amount of bending and/or twisting, which will be best achieved by redesign of packing
workstations and kiln and dispatch packs. Reducing bending would best be done by increasing minimum
heights of lift.
5. Discussion
This study indicates that manual sorting and packing of bricks is a high risk activity for musculoskeletal
disorders. The very high levels of musculoskeletal trouble found among packers, particularly in the
wrists/hands and the lower back, are far in excess of mean levels in working populations in Nigeria and
other African countries and are very high when compared to bricklaying. The heart rate data revealed that
packing falls into the broad categories, as defined for men aged 20-30 (Astrand and Rodahl, 1986), of
moderate work’ on monorails and ‘heavy work’ in hand packing. Therefore hand packing is worse than
monorail packing, as it has more reported musculoskeletal problems, is more strenuous, and involves more
bending and stooping. Therefore it can be seen that the method of packing adopted has an effect on the
musculoskeletal hazards of a job requiring large amounts of manual handling.
The current trend within the industry is to mechanize packing and this is clearly the most effectives method
of reducing the risks from this task. However, manual sorting and packing will need to continue in some
circumstances, particularly where waste rates are high or where production volumes are low. A proactive
approach to management of the associated risks to musculoskeletal heath will therefore be essential.
References
Astrand, P.O. and Rodahl, K. (1986), Textbook of Work Physiology: Physiological Bases of Exercise, Third
Edition (McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York).
British Ceramics Consideration (1998), Manual Handling of Loads, (BCC, Stoke)
Dickinson, C. (1998), Interpreting the extent of musculoskeletal disorders. In M.L Hanson (ed)
Contemporary Ergonomics 1998, (Taylor & Francis, London), 36-40.
Dickinson, C.E., Campion, K., Foster, A.F., Newman, SJ, O’Rourke, A.M.T. and Thomas, P.G (1992),
Questionnaire development: An examination of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Applied
Ergonomics, 23, 197-201.
Ferreria, D.P. and Tracy, M.F. (1991), Musculo-skeletal disorders in a brick company. In E.J. Lovesey (ed)
Contemporary Ergonomics 1991, (Taylor & Francis, London), 475-480.
Karhu, O., Kansi, P. and Kuorinka, I. (1977), Correcting working postures in industry: A practical method
for analysis, Applied Ergonomics, 8, 199-201.
Vedder, J. (1998), Identifying postural hazards with a video-based Occurrence sampling method,
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 22, 373-380
17
4. Advances in Life Science and Technology www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-7181 (Paper) ISSN 2225-062X (Online)
Vol 4, 2012
Table 1 OWAS Action Categories
Action category Meaning Action required
AC1 Normal posture No action required
AC2 Slightly harmful posture Action required in the near future
AC 3 Distinctly harmful posture Action required as soon as possible
AC 4 Extremely harmful posture Action required immediately
Table 2. Anthropometric and work duration data
All packers (n=139) Hand packing (n=67) Monorail packing
Mean (SD) Mean (SD) (N=72) Mean (SD)
Age (years) 36.9 (8.9( 37.5 (9.3) 36.4 (8.5)
Weight (kg) 77.9 (10.4) 77.4 (9.4) 78.4 (11.1)
Height (m) 1.77 (0.07) 1.78 (0.06) 1.77 (0.07)
BMI (kg/m2) 24.8 (2.9) 24.5 (2.9) 25.1 (2.9)
Experience 8.7 (8.3) 10.2 (9.8) 7.3 (6.2)
(years)
Table 3. Annual/weekly prevalence data
Hand packing Monorail Bricklayers Nordic Dickinson
N=67) (n=72) (n=127) Reference (1998)
(n=7569)
Neck 34%/14% 39%/13% 32%/8% 24%/11% 30%
Shoulders 49%/17% 48%/25% 36%/6% 24%/11% 26%
Elbows 46%/26% 33%/17% 32%/9% 10%/4% 9%
Wrists/hands 78%/48% 63%/26% 49%/13% 13%/6% 25%
Upper back 39%/32% 25%/15% 14%/5% 10%/4% 12%
Lower back 87%/64% 72%/47% 61%/26% 41%/15% 44%
Hips/thighs/ 46%/29% 43%/29% 13%/5% 11%/5% 12%
buttocks
Knees 33%/14% 31%/13% 28%/6% 25%/10% 27%
Ankles/feet 19%/11% 21%/13% 17%/4% 13%/6% 14%
Table 4. Heart rate data (bpm) from monorails and hand packing
Hand packing Monorails (n=23) t value (unpaired
(n=22) mean (SD) Mean (SD) t-test)
Working heart rate 115.3 (13.7) 106.5 (9.6) 2.45
Resting heart rate 78.3 (7.6) 75.3 (8.1) 1.25
Heart rate reserve 102.8 (9.7) 111.3 (11.7) 2.60
Work pulse 37.0 (9.5) 31.2 (7.3) 2.25
Table 5. Percentage of postures assigned to the different OWAS Action Categories at the different
plants.
Packing No of observations AC 1 AC 2 AC 3 AC 4
method
Plant A Monorail 1,215 69% 18% 4% 9%
Plant B Hand packing 250 44% 54% 2% 1%
Plant C Hand packing 1,193 40% 56% 1% 2%
Plant D Monorail 745 61% 37% 0% 1%
18
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