The document provides an overview of agrochemical regulations around the world, organized by region. For North America, it describes the key regulatory frameworks and agencies in the US and Canada. In the US, laws like FIFRA, FQPA, and ESA provide federal oversight of pesticide use, including requirements for assessing cumulative effects, vulnerable groups, and endangered species impacts. The EDSP screens for endocrine disruption potential. In Canada, PMRA reviews data for registration and adherence to OECD guidelines. Central and South American countries generally follow similar processes as the US, while the OIRSA promotes harmonization. Regulations in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also assess human health and environmental risks in line with
This document discusses guidelines for safe pesticide use, including establishing maximum residue levels and acceptable daily intakes. It also addresses challenges with regulating the pesticide industry to prevent spurious products, and the importance of integrated pest management in controlling pests with minimal reliance on chemicals.
Using unapproved pesticides or approved pesticides incorrectly in Nigerian cocoa cultivation has economic, health, and environmental implications. Economically, non-compliant cocoa exports could be fined or destroyed, resulting in lost livelihoods for farmers. Health issues include both acute and chronic effects on farmers, consumers, and the supply chain from pesticide exposure. Environmentally, over 98% of sprayed pesticides reach non-target species and areas, harming the environment. Proper pesticide regulation and use is important for a sustainable cocoa industry in Nigeria.
The document provides information on various food regulatory organizations around the world:
- It discusses key Indian acts and organizations that regulate food including the Food Safety and Standards Act 2006, AGMARK, and FSSAI.
- The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is introduced as the UN agency working to defeat hunger internationally.
- Details are given about the structure and departments of the FAO, as well as its objectives, programs, and achievements.
- The US Food and Drug Administration is summarized, including what products it regulates and its organizational structure with centers focused on specific product areas.
- Other food safety systems discussed include HACCP, which provides a systematic approach to food safety,
This document summarizes an assessment of structures for accrediting veterinary drugs in ECOWAS member states. It finds that while some countries have legislation and regulatory bodies, quality control and awareness of regional standards is lacking. It recommends that ECOWAS help harmonize laws, strengthen veterinary oversight, establish a permanent secretariat, set up a regional regulatory committee, and collaborate with WAEMU to improve registration procedures and management of veterinary drugs across West Africa. The assessment was conducted through country visits and stakeholder interviews to evaluate current systems and identify gaps.
14.Agrochemical compliance in South America Brazil, Argentina, Columbia and P...JayaSharma632734
This document discusses agrochemical compliance in Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Paraguay. It outlines the key trade blocs and regulations governing pesticide registration in each country. MERCOSUR and the Andean Community establish regulations that member states must adopt into national law, though implementation may vary. Each country has different agencies that oversee pesticide approval and set safety standards. The registration process requires extensive testing data and can take several years. Regulations cover proper protective equipment for applicators, aerial spraying restrictions, and banning of certain high-risk pesticides.
This document discusses the importance of harmonizing regional sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) systems in West Africa. It notes that agricultural value chains are interconnected across borders, so weaknesses in one country's SPS system can impact neighboring countries. The document recommends that countries work to harmonize SPS measures like inspection systems, quarantine regimes, and testing protocols. It also suggests prioritizing mutual recognition of SPS measures, adopting international food safety standards, and developing coordinated regional and national SPS action plans. The overall goal of harmonization is to improve food safety, increase food security, facilitate emergency responses, and expand trade opportunities in the region.
The document summarizes the main revisions to China's Pesticide Management Regulation. Some key points:
- The regulation was revised in 2017 to better regulate the pesticide industry and address issues. It covers pesticide registration, production, use, and supervision.
- Revisions strengthen the management system, registration process, and oversight of production and use. Pesticide registration trials must now be done by approved entities to ensure data quality.
- Other changes include implementing registration renewal every 5 years, prohibiting temporary registration, and establishing a monitoring program to re-evaluate registered pesticides.
- The revisions aim to streamline administration, promote innovation, and regulate the industry according to international standards and practices.
ALLIANCE FOR ACTION ON PESTICIDE IN NIGERIA (AAPN)Donald ofoegbu
The document summarizes the formation and goals of the Alliance for Action on Pesticide in Nigeria (AAPN). The AAPN is a coalition of NGOs, academics and experts seeking to increase awareness and improve pesticide regulation in Nigeria. Its goals are to phase out highly hazardous pesticides, promote more sustainable farming practices, and establish measures to prevent future pesticide hazards. The AAPN has four working groups focusing on gathering evidence, rethinking agricultural practices, improving laws/regulations, and increasing public awareness. It has over 40 member organizations and has already achieved banning some pesticides and increased government engagement on the issues. Challenges include weak regulations, corruption, lack of alternative farming support and public awareness
This document discusses guidelines for safe pesticide use, including establishing maximum residue levels and acceptable daily intakes. It also addresses challenges with regulating the pesticide industry to prevent spurious products, and the importance of integrated pest management in controlling pests with minimal reliance on chemicals.
Using unapproved pesticides or approved pesticides incorrectly in Nigerian cocoa cultivation has economic, health, and environmental implications. Economically, non-compliant cocoa exports could be fined or destroyed, resulting in lost livelihoods for farmers. Health issues include both acute and chronic effects on farmers, consumers, and the supply chain from pesticide exposure. Environmentally, over 98% of sprayed pesticides reach non-target species and areas, harming the environment. Proper pesticide regulation and use is important for a sustainable cocoa industry in Nigeria.
The document provides information on various food regulatory organizations around the world:
- It discusses key Indian acts and organizations that regulate food including the Food Safety and Standards Act 2006, AGMARK, and FSSAI.
- The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is introduced as the UN agency working to defeat hunger internationally.
- Details are given about the structure and departments of the FAO, as well as its objectives, programs, and achievements.
- The US Food and Drug Administration is summarized, including what products it regulates and its organizational structure with centers focused on specific product areas.
- Other food safety systems discussed include HACCP, which provides a systematic approach to food safety,
This document summarizes an assessment of structures for accrediting veterinary drugs in ECOWAS member states. It finds that while some countries have legislation and regulatory bodies, quality control and awareness of regional standards is lacking. It recommends that ECOWAS help harmonize laws, strengthen veterinary oversight, establish a permanent secretariat, set up a regional regulatory committee, and collaborate with WAEMU to improve registration procedures and management of veterinary drugs across West Africa. The assessment was conducted through country visits and stakeholder interviews to evaluate current systems and identify gaps.
14.Agrochemical compliance in South America Brazil, Argentina, Columbia and P...JayaSharma632734
This document discusses agrochemical compliance in Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Paraguay. It outlines the key trade blocs and regulations governing pesticide registration in each country. MERCOSUR and the Andean Community establish regulations that member states must adopt into national law, though implementation may vary. Each country has different agencies that oversee pesticide approval and set safety standards. The registration process requires extensive testing data and can take several years. Regulations cover proper protective equipment for applicators, aerial spraying restrictions, and banning of certain high-risk pesticides.
This document discusses the importance of harmonizing regional sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) systems in West Africa. It notes that agricultural value chains are interconnected across borders, so weaknesses in one country's SPS system can impact neighboring countries. The document recommends that countries work to harmonize SPS measures like inspection systems, quarantine regimes, and testing protocols. It also suggests prioritizing mutual recognition of SPS measures, adopting international food safety standards, and developing coordinated regional and national SPS action plans. The overall goal of harmonization is to improve food safety, increase food security, facilitate emergency responses, and expand trade opportunities in the region.
The document summarizes the main revisions to China's Pesticide Management Regulation. Some key points:
- The regulation was revised in 2017 to better regulate the pesticide industry and address issues. It covers pesticide registration, production, use, and supervision.
- Revisions strengthen the management system, registration process, and oversight of production and use. Pesticide registration trials must now be done by approved entities to ensure data quality.
- Other changes include implementing registration renewal every 5 years, prohibiting temporary registration, and establishing a monitoring program to re-evaluate registered pesticides.
- The revisions aim to streamline administration, promote innovation, and regulate the industry according to international standards and practices.
ALLIANCE FOR ACTION ON PESTICIDE IN NIGERIA (AAPN)Donald ofoegbu
The document summarizes the formation and goals of the Alliance for Action on Pesticide in Nigeria (AAPN). The AAPN is a coalition of NGOs, academics and experts seeking to increase awareness and improve pesticide regulation in Nigeria. Its goals are to phase out highly hazardous pesticides, promote more sustainable farming practices, and establish measures to prevent future pesticide hazards. The AAPN has four working groups focusing on gathering evidence, rethinking agricultural practices, improving laws/regulations, and increasing public awareness. It has over 40 member organizations and has already achieved banning some pesticides and increased government engagement on the issues. Challenges include weak regulations, corruption, lack of alternative farming support and public awareness
The role of (Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority) TFDA in the control of East C...ILRI
The TFDA regulates and ensures the quality, safety and efficacy of food, drugs, medical devices and cosmetics in Tanzania. Regarding East Coast Fever (ECF), the TFDA's role includes pre-market evaluation and registration of ECF vaccines to ensure their quality, safety and efficacy. It also conducts post-market monitoring and regulates the import and export of ECF vaccines. Currently, the only ECF vaccine registered in Tanzania is the Muguga cocktail vaccine manufactured in Kenya, though a new vaccine application is under review.
Georgia Registration Manuel Revised 2018.pdfJerrodLee
This document is an employee registration manual for technicians in the pest management industry in Georgia. It summarizes key federal and state laws and regulations including the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), which regulates pesticide use, labeling, and classification. It also discusses the Occupational Safety and Health Act, Endangered Species Act, and Georgia Structural Pest Control Act, the primary state law governing the pest control industry. The manual is intended to help employees prepare for the registration exam required to work in pest management in Georgia.
12.Agrochemical Compliance in South East Asia countries Vietnam, Indonesia, P...JayaSharma632734
The document provides information on agrochemical regulatory compliance and registration processes in several Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia, Philippines, and Vietnam. It discusses the agriculture sectors and key crops in each country. For registration, it outlines the requirements and procedures, which typically involve submitting dossier documents, samples for testing, and fees to the respective regulatory authorities. Quality testing and efficacy testing are usually required to be conducted locally. The process often takes 12-18 months to complete and registrations must be renewed periodically. Household pesticides also have separate registration categories and processes in some countries.
The document provides an overview of the organic certification process for horticultural crops in the United States. It explains that the USDA regulates organic certification through the National Organic Program. Growers must follow the NOP rules for three years prior to certification. The certification process involves submitting an application package including an Organic System Plan to a USDA-accredited certifier and undergoing an on-farm inspection. The application and inspection are reviewed to determine if the farm qualifies for organic certification. Maintaining certification requires annual renewal and following all NOP production and record keeping requirements.
COMMUNIQUE & CALL FOR ACTION: Documentary Screening and Public Discussion on ...Donald ofoegbu
This call to action communique by the Alliance for Action on Pesticide in Nigeria (AAPN) is an outcome of a 1-day documentary screening and panel discussion on pesticide double standards and improving pesticide regulation in Nigeria. The communique presents key observations and a call to action from international governments, specifically in the EU, UK and USA to stop the double standard in the global trade in pesticide-active ingredients that are either banned or not approved in their countries due to health or environmental concerns but are nevertheless exported out of poor and developing countries with lesser pesticide regulation, and poor health capacities.
This hypocritical export of highly hazardous pesticides that are banned in Western counties by international agrochemical corporations with blind eyes from their governments who enjoy tax returns and remittances, should be stopped.
The document while calling for new pesticide legislation for Nigeria that focuses on safety and farmers’ rights, cautions the Nigerian government to be watchful of the wolf-in-sheep clothing lobbyist of these international agro-chemical companies, who are pressing for bills to open the Nigerian agricultural market to a pesticide dumping ground- selling the illusion of pesticide safety.
The communique calls for the support of nature-based sustainable agricultural practices like agroecology, IPM, and a gradual phasing out of pesticides in the category of extremely hazardous and highly hazardous pesticides from Nigeria and West Africa.
Current status of the development, regulation and use of bio-pesticides in Ug...ILRI
Presented by Samuel Kyamanywa, Makerere University, at the Regional Experts Workshop on Development, Regulation and Use of Bio-pesticides in East Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, 22–23 May 2014
This document discusses establishing an integrated national animal and plant health inspection service (NAPHIS) in Pakistan to strengthen sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) facilities and quality inspection services. It notes Pakistan currently lacks a coherent SPS management strategy and compliance with food safety standards has resulted in export rejections. The proposed NAPHIS aims to develop an integrated national SPS management and certification system, coordinate provincial systems, and establish NAPHIS as a regulatory body. It outlines achievements including international recognition and agreements to facilitate trade.
This document discusses risk analysis in the food system of Bangladesh. It outlines the national food control structure, which involves 15 ministries and 20 agencies. Risk assessment, management, and communication responsibilities are shared between departments like the Directorate General of Health Services, Department of Livestock Services, and Department of Agriculture Extension. Several foods pose major food safety risks, like fruits/vegetables (pesticides), meat (antibiotics), fish (heavy metals), and milk/eggs (antibiotics). The document reviews laws and standards regarding these foods and monitoring across production and processing stages. It identifies needs like improving baseline data, risk analysis procedures, and regional cooperation on food safety issues.
The document discusses regulatory bodies and agencies that approve drugs. It provides information on the drug development process and regulatory roles of various agencies around the world such as the FDA in the US and CDSCO in India. It describes the functions of regulatory agencies which include product registration, drug evaluation, monitoring safety and efficacy, and adverse reaction monitoring. The challenges regulatory bodies face in promoting public health and protecting people from harmful drugs are also mentioned.
Supply chain and delivery of antimicrobial drugs in smallholder livestock pro...ILRI
Poster prepared by Michel Dione (ILRI), Christine Amia (ILRI), Francis Ejobi (Makerere University), Emily Ouma (ILRI) and Barbara Wieland for the Virtual Livestock CRP Planning Meeting, 8-17 June 2020
This document discusses how nuclear techniques can be applied in food and agriculture to improve food security, safety, and sustainable agriculture. It provides examples of how mutation breeding has led to the development of over 2,600 new crop varieties with improved traits. Isotopic techniques help manage soil, water, and crop nutrition more efficiently. Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has successfully controlled or eradicated several insect pests. Nuclear-derived techniques also aid in animal production and health through diagnostics, nutrition evaluation, and disease control. Food irradiation and analytical methods protect food and the environment from contamination.
The document discusses the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) which regulates therapeutic goods in Australia. The TGA was established in 1990 to regulate medicines, medical devices, biologicals and other therapeutic goods. It evaluates products pre-market and monitors them post-market to ensure they meet standards of quality, safety and efficacy. The TGA uses a risk-based approach to regulation, with higher risk products facing more regulatory controls like prescription-only status. It works to align Australian regulations with international guidelines from places like the EU and US.
This document summarizes key information about organic certification standards and requirements. It discusses consumer expectations for organic products including being free from pesticides and synthetic chemicals. It also summarizes the Codex Alimentarius definition of organic as products produced according to organic standards and certified by an authorized body. The document outlines the growth of the organic marketplace in countries like the US. It then discusses the purpose of certification in providing customer assurance and government requirements. It provides examples of major government certification schemes and private certifiers. It also summarizes the requirements for an organic system plan including practices and procedures, substance use, recordkeeping, and management to prevent commingling.
Genetic Modified Organism Regulation in IndiaMeehirMerai
The document discusses India's standards for the release and use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It provides definitions of GMOs and explains how they are created by inserting foreign genes into organisms' DNA. It then discusses the main benefits of genetically modifying agricultural plants and animals. The document goes on to summarize India's policies and regulatory framework for ensuring biosafety of GMOs, including guidelines, committees, and containment facilities required for research. It also notes the countries that use GMO technology the most and some concerns about their use.
Agricultural Biotechnology in 21st Century - USDA's Perspectiveapaari
The document discusses the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) role in regulating agricultural biotechnology, including genetically engineered (GE) plants. The USDA aims to assure the environmental safety and human/animal health safety of GE plants while promoting innovation. It oversees GE plant regulation to protect US agriculture. The USDA also clarified that it does not intend to regulate new plant breeding innovations like genome editing as long as they do not involve plant pests. Internationally, the USDA works with other countries and groups to promote consistent, science-based GE regulations and address regulatory challenges.
OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARD- SETTING BODIESFrancois Stepman
The document discusses three international organizations that set standards recognized by the WTO:
1) Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) sets food safety standards.
2) World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) sets standards for animal health.
3) International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) sets standards for plant health.
The IPPC is a 1951 treaty that aims to prevent the spread of plant pests. Its governing body is the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures (CPM) made up of 183 contracting parties responsible for implementing standards development. The IPPC's objectives include protecting agriculture, the environment, and facilitating trade through harmonized measures.
ALISON STS REPORT detailed lesson plan ielsiegumoc0
Biosafety aims to prevent harmful effects from biological research through standards and guidelines. Key international agreements related to biosafety on GMOs include the Codex Alimentarius Commission, which develops food safety standards, and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which regulates transboundary movements of living modified organisms. The Philippines has approved various GMO applications since 2002 but lacks comprehensive biosafety legislation, though recent joint department circulars aim to establish new regulations.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
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Georgia Registration Manuel Revised 2018.pdfJerrodLee
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COMMUNIQUE & CALL FOR ACTION: Documentary Screening and Public Discussion on ...Donald ofoegbu
This call to action communique by the Alliance for Action on Pesticide in Nigeria (AAPN) is an outcome of a 1-day documentary screening and panel discussion on pesticide double standards and improving pesticide regulation in Nigeria. The communique presents key observations and a call to action from international governments, specifically in the EU, UK and USA to stop the double standard in the global trade in pesticide-active ingredients that are either banned or not approved in their countries due to health or environmental concerns but are nevertheless exported out of poor and developing countries with lesser pesticide regulation, and poor health capacities.
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The document while calling for new pesticide legislation for Nigeria that focuses on safety and farmers’ rights, cautions the Nigerian government to be watchful of the wolf-in-sheep clothing lobbyist of these international agro-chemical companies, who are pressing for bills to open the Nigerian agricultural market to a pesticide dumping ground- selling the illusion of pesticide safety.
The communique calls for the support of nature-based sustainable agricultural practices like agroecology, IPM, and a gradual phasing out of pesticides in the category of extremely hazardous and highly hazardous pesticides from Nigeria and West Africa.
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Presented by Samuel Kyamanywa, Makerere University, at the Regional Experts Workshop on Development, Regulation and Use of Bio-pesticides in East Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, 22–23 May 2014
This document discusses establishing an integrated national animal and plant health inspection service (NAPHIS) in Pakistan to strengthen sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) facilities and quality inspection services. It notes Pakistan currently lacks a coherent SPS management strategy and compliance with food safety standards has resulted in export rejections. The proposed NAPHIS aims to develop an integrated national SPS management and certification system, coordinate provincial systems, and establish NAPHIS as a regulatory body. It outlines achievements including international recognition and agreements to facilitate trade.
This document discusses risk analysis in the food system of Bangladesh. It outlines the national food control structure, which involves 15 ministries and 20 agencies. Risk assessment, management, and communication responsibilities are shared between departments like the Directorate General of Health Services, Department of Livestock Services, and Department of Agriculture Extension. Several foods pose major food safety risks, like fruits/vegetables (pesticides), meat (antibiotics), fish (heavy metals), and milk/eggs (antibiotics). The document reviews laws and standards regarding these foods and monitoring across production and processing stages. It identifies needs like improving baseline data, risk analysis procedures, and regional cooperation on food safety issues.
The document discusses regulatory bodies and agencies that approve drugs. It provides information on the drug development process and regulatory roles of various agencies around the world such as the FDA in the US and CDSCO in India. It describes the functions of regulatory agencies which include product registration, drug evaluation, monitoring safety and efficacy, and adverse reaction monitoring. The challenges regulatory bodies face in promoting public health and protecting people from harmful drugs are also mentioned.
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1) Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) sets food safety standards.
2) World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) sets standards for animal health.
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Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
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Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
10.Global Perspective on Agrochemical Regulations - status and way forward.pdf
1. Dr. Thomas Mueller
Email: info@auxilife.com
Advisor & Consultant
Auxilife Scientific Services Pvt. Ltd.
Global Perspective on
Agrochemical regulations –
status and way forward
2. • North America
• Central and South America
• Australia & New Zealand
• Asia
• Africa
• Europe
Table of contents
4. • The Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
provides for federal
regulation of pesticide
distribution, sale, and
use.
• The Office of Pesticide
Programs (OPP)
regulates the use of all
pesticides and
establishes maximum
levels for pesticide
residues in food.
• The Food Quality
ProtectionAct (FQPA)
requires that a pesticide
poses a "reasonable
certainty of no harm"
before it can be
registered for use on
food or feed. Focus on
- aggregate exposure
- cumulativeeffects
- sensitive sub-populations
- endocrine disruptive
effects
• The Endangered
Species Act (ESA)
requires that
pesticides will not
likely jeopardize the
continued existence of
any listed species or
destroy or adversely
modify any critical
habitat for those
species.
North America – US Legal Framework
5. • The Federal Food, Drug and
Cosmetic Act require from EPA “to
develop a screening program…to
determine whether certain
substances may have an effect in
humans that is similar to an effect
produced by a naturally occurring
estrogen, or such other endocrine
effect as the Administrator may
designate.”
• In 2009, EPA announced the
Endocrine Disruptor Screening
Program (EDSP) Tier 1 battery of
assays and test guidelines (protocols).
• In vitro and in vivo screening assays
were developed, standardized and
validated to identify the potential to
interact with the estrogen, androgen
or thyroid (E, A or T) hormonal
systems.
North America – US EDSP
6. Regulatory authority
• Pest Management Regulatory
Agency Canada (PMRA) under the
umbrella of the Ministry of Health
➢ Review all the data (including the raw
data)
➢ Determine if the product is acceptable
for use in Canada
➢ Compare its results with regulatory
counterparts in other countries (USA
and members of the European Union)
• Data requirements for registration
of pesticides are structured in Data
Codes (DACO) that are available on
the website of pesticide section of
Canada.ca.
• All studies must be carried out in
accordance with OECD test
guidelines under OECD GLP.
North America – Canada
8. Central America – Mexico
Federal Commissionfor the
ProtectionagainstSanitary Risks
(COFEPRIS), authorized to
regulate and control human
health risks and the use, import,
export, application and disposal of
hazardous pesticides.
Secretary for Environmentand
Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) is
responsible for implementation of
regulations that protects soil and
water resources and
environmental risk assessment.
National Service of Agrifood Health,
Safety and Quality (SENASICA), a
decentralized body of the Secretary
for Agriculture, is responsible for
protection of agriculture, cattle and
fishery, for certification of risk
reduction systems, for biological
efficacy, pesticides residues (MRLs)
and for selection of pesticides in the
case of emergency.
• Mexico has a comprehensive regulatory framework in place.
• The three mostrelevant authorities are mentioned on the panel.
• While COFEPRIS is ultimately responsible for granting the registration, in practice it is
bound by the veto power of SEMARNAT and SENASICA.
• Contentious positions regularly lead to delays of registrations.
9. • The International Regional
Organisation for Plant and Animal
Health (Organismo Internacional
Regional de Sanidad Agropecuaria,
OIRSA), is an intergovernmental
organization that provides technical
assistance to the ministries and
departments of agriculture and
livestock.
• Member states:
Belize, the Dominican Republic,
Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Panama, El Salvador, Mexico and Costa
Rica.
• Among other objectives OIRSA promotes
➢ adoption of common policies on
animal health, plant health, food
safety and quarantine services
➢ harmonization of the legislation on
agricultural health and quarantine
services.
Central America – OIRSA
10. • Registration process is an administrativeact.
• Datagenerated for a registration in the USA fulfill data
requirements.
• Codex MRLs to support trade of commodities.
• Pesticidal product has to be registered in country of origin.
• Product label has to be submitted stamped by the authorities of
the country of origin.
Central America – Similar Registration Process
11. • Caribbean countries work together in
the Coordinating Group of Pesticide
Control Boards of the Caribbean
(CGPC).
• Jamaica plays a leading role.
• Requirements and process is similar to
the one of the Central American
countries.
• Cuba’s contactpoint is the Central
Pesticide Registry of the Department
of Plant Health. Source: Pesticide Control Authority, Jamaica
Central America – Caribbean Islands
12. • Brazil and Argentina dominate South
America in terms of consumptionof
pesticides followed by Colombia.
• A dedicated webinar will introduce the
regulations in these three countries.
• Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru are
working together in the Andean
Community of Nations (CAN) with the
objective to align policies.
• Hence, policies that regulate the use
pesticides are similar in CAN countries.
South America
13. • Ministry of Health is the authority for
the registration of household
pesticides while pesticides of
agricultural use is governed by SAG
(Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero), which
is an agency of the Ministry of
Agriculture.
• Foreign companies that want to
market pesticidal products must
appoint a Chilean partner/technical
director who can be contactedby SAG
at any time.
• This Technical Directorcannot work for
more than one company in this area.
• To date, SAG hasn’t granted
registration based on equivalence.
South America – Chile
15. Regulatory authority
• Australian Pesticides and Veterinary
Medicines Authority (APVMA)
• A dedicated webinar will introduce the
regulatory process in Australia and
New Zealand.
• Registration holders are obliged to
report adverse findings in the field of
toxicology, environmental incidences,
crop safety, lack of efficacy.
• Other scientific information or reviews
from other regulatory bodies may be
reviewed by APVMA experts.
• Consequently, products may be called
for review that may result in label
changes or even cancellation of
approval.
Australia
16. Regulatory authority
• Agricultural Compounds and
Veterinary Medicines (ACVM)
• Import or manufacture of agricultural
chemicals that are applied directly to
plants, must be registered prior to sell
or use.
• Clear guidance on data requirements
and registration process is available on
ACVM website.
New Zealand
18. • The Agricultural Chemicals Regulation
Act was revised in 2018.
• Major changes
➢ re-evaluation of registered
products every 15 years
➢ setting of Acute Reference Dose
(ARfD)
➢ registration of generic products on
basis of TGAI equivalence
• Amendment of Act in 2019
➢ Risk assessmentof pesticide
operators based on Acceptable
Operator Exposure Level (AOEL) and
Acute Acceptable Operator
Exposure Level (AAOEL).
➢ Risk assessmentfor vascular plants
and birds
➢ Risk assessmenton honey-bees and
colony development
Asia – Japan
19. • The authority is Rural Development
Administration (RDA).
• The Pesticide Management Act of
1953 has regularly amended.
• Test guidelines (TG) were harmonized
with OECD TG series.
• Risk assessmentschemes were adapted
from Europe and the USA.
• For instance
➢ Modified EUROPOEM is used for
operator exposure assessment
➢ Dietary risk assessmentfor
consumer was established with two
methods, namely MOE approach for
non-carcinogen and Q1* approach
for carcinogen pesticides.
Asia – Republic of Korea
20. • The testing requirements for
registration are similar to the ones in
OECD countries.
• Particular focus on import tolerances
(import MRL) as Taiwan is an importer
of fresh fruits and vegetables for other
Asian countries, Australia and the US.
• Applications go to the Taiwan Food and
Drug Authority for review that is also
reviewed by Food Sanitation Safety and
Nutrition Advisory Committee.
Asia – Taiwan
21. • Authority: Ministry of Food,
Agriculture and Livestock
• Applicant for registering a pesticide
must be a certified applicant, usually a
Turkish citizen.
• Three registration categories
1. New active ingredient in formulation
(data on human health and environment,
residues on food, at least 2 bioefficacy
trials from 2 regions in Turkey )
2. Label extension (2 bioefficacy trials from 2
regions in Turkey)
3. Same formulation type and the same
percentage of the same active ingredients
as the registered product. It should have
the same biological effect to the same
pests as registered product.
4. The active ingredient has to be out of
patent protection.
Asia – Turkey
23. • CILSS (Permanent Committee of Sahel
Countries)
➢ Egypt
➢ Nigeria
• Sahel Committee of Pesticides (CSP)
grants approval of pesticides.
• Registration requirements and list of
approved products are posted on the
website
( http://insah.cilss.int/index.php/csp/ )
Member states
Africa – CILSS
24. • The Agricultural Pesticide Committee
(APC) grant registrations
• The Central Agricultural Pesticide
Laboratory (CAPL) and APC consult
Codex Alimentarius, the EU, and the
U.S. EPA in the process of setting
MRLs.
• All licenses for pesticides are valid for
six years and are re-evaluated every
three years.
• CAPL test efficacy of a pesticide against
the target pests according to label
claim.
• The testing takes around 3 years.
• New product require similar data
packages as the one for the EU or USA.
Africa – Egypt
25. • The National Agency for Food and
Drug Administration and Control
(NAFDAC) grants registrations.
• The efficacy of a pesticide for the
intended use has to demonstrated in
trials for two cropping seasons and two
different agro-climatic regions.
The assessmentis monitored and
conductedby the Agency at approved
research institutes.
Africa – Nigeria (1)
26. • Agro-climatic zone in Nigeria.
• The farming sectorof this West African
country employs about 70 percent of
the entire country's labor force.
• Agriculture has been happening across
all ecoregions from the forest zone of
southern Nigeria (root and tree crops),
to the forest-savanna of the center
(mainly root), to the semiarid northern
Nigeria (grains).
The
Source: adapted from Iloeje, 2001
Africa – Nigeria (2)
28. • The EU dominates the regulatory environment in Europe.
• After leaving the EU, the UK has been in a transition phase.
• It’s unlikely that requirements and criteria will change
dramatically.
• Even non-members of the EU such as Ukraine or Serbia tend to
adhere to EU standards although their registration processes are
less complex than those in the EU.
Europe
29. • Regulation No (EC) 1107/2001
introduced ‘cut-off’criteria that apply
prior to beginning risk assessments.
• As a consequence,a number of
popular products lost market
authorization during the re-review
process.
Complexity
• Approval of active substancesat
Commission level in cooperation with
Member States.
• Each Member State grants market
authorization for use of products.
• The process requires a lot of resources.
Europe – the European Union (1)
30. • Evolving guidelines
• Revised EFSA guidance document for
risk assessment ofbees is awaited.
• It will be difficult for insecticides to
pass the risk assessment schemes.
Emergencyregistrations
• Although approval of some active
ingredients were revoked their
products were allowed for a specific
use for one season.
For instance:
• The use of neonicotinoids as coating of
sugar beet seeds due to lack of
alternatives.
Europe – the European Union (2)
31. • Sustainable use Directive 2009/128/EC
required Member States to reduce the
use of pesticides.
• Many Member States stopped
registrations for non-agricultural use,
for instance the use in parks, public
gardens, recreation grounds, schools,
health care facilities, nature reserves.
• EU Commission goal is to significantly
reduce the use of pesticides in all areas.
Question:
• Will EU farmers have a chance to
compete on the world market?
Europe – the European Union (3)
?
32. • The regulatory landscape continues to be challenging.
• Harmonization of some test guidelines has been successfulunder
the OECD umbrella.
• I believe that pesticides will continue to play a major role in
production of sufficientfood for a growing world population.
• Regulations will be stricter in the developing world to catchup
with global themes such as biodiversity and climate change.
Concluding Remarks