This document provides background information on BP and the events leading up to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil rig disaster in the Gulf of Mexico. It describes BP's history and transformation from a state-owned oil company to a large multinational corporation through acquisitions and cost cutting. It also discusses BP's emphasis on an asset-based organizational structure that decentralized decision-making but reduced oversight of risk management. The document outlines prior safety issues at BP facilities, including an explosion at a Texas refinery in 2005 that was blamed on neglected maintenance and safety measures.
Deepwater Horizon BlowoutRehabilitating a Reputation after a C.docxvickeryr87
Deepwater Horizon Blowout
Rehabilitating a Reputation after a Catastrophic Spill
BP, formerly known as British Petroleum, is an oil and gas company based in the United Kingdom, with global operations and 84,000 employees in 2012. It finds, extracts, transports, refines, and sells oil and gas products and has been a highly profitable company with pre-spill profits of $14 billion in 2009. Headquartered in London, BP is the second largest company in the U.K. and its brand was ranked 83rd in the world according to industry firm Interbrand. It owns oil and gas exploration rights, oil and gas fields, refineries, pipelines, large crude carrier ships, and gas stations and other oil-based products all over the world. Its chief executive officer, Tony Hayward, a geologist, was appointed from within BP’s administrative ranks in 2007.BP’s Safety Record
Before the Deepwater Horizon oil spill there were a number of U.S. safety and environmental incidents involving BP operations that caused some to question whether BP put profit ahead of other considerations.
BP was held responsible for a 2005 Texas City, Texas, oil refinery explosion that killed fifteen workers and injured 170; the company agreed to pay $21 million in federal fines for more than 300 safety violations. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration found more than 700 violations in a follow-up inspection in 2009, and BP agreed to pay $50.6 million for safety violations it had failed to correct following the 2005 refinery explosion. BP paid $13 million for 409 new safety violations discovered in 2009. As a result, the company invested $1 billion on safety and infrastructure improvements. One investigative report said that the Texas City disaster “was caused by organizational and safety deficiencies at all levels of the BP Corporation.” Just weeks before the Deepwater Horizon disaster, the news media reported the same Texas City refinery plant accidentally released 500,000 pounds of toxic chemicals into the skies over a forty-day period before the mistake was discovered by workers.
A number of negative environmental incidents involving BP-owned oil wells and pipelines had occurred in Alaska. In 2006 the biggest Alaskan oil spill ever happened after a section of the 800-mile Trans-Alaska pipeline corroded and leaked more than 5,078 barrels (267,000 gallons) of crude oil into Prudhoe Bay, Alaska; another smaller leak was discovered a few months later. As a result of the leaks, BP paid $25 million in fines and was ordered to correct the problems. A smaller oil– water mixture leak occurred in 2009 during a pressure test of a pipeline at BP’s Lis-burne Processing Center. A 2010 investigation by ProPublica revealed various parts of the Alaskan North Slope pipelines were in such bad shape that 148 sections were labeled as in “imminent danger” of rupturing.
Deepwater Horizon Explosion
Technological advances in oil drilling and climbing oil prices made the Gulf of Mexico an attractive source for oi.
Philippe kunz – global operation – george kastner emba london - dickens cohort, This case try to explain the miss-function and give some theoretical advice
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: A Study of Behavioural Decision MakingJerome Dauvergne
This report analyses the genesis of the Deepwater Horizon disaster from a behavioural decision making perspective. In order to write this original paper I borrowed from the investigative work of the environmental journalist Abrahm Lustgarten, and from concepts developed by behavioural finance and emotional finance academics such as the Canadian Hersh Shefrin, the American John Nofsinger, and the Britons Richard Taffler and David Tuckett.
I hope you'll enjoy the read!
. Review the three articles about Inflation that are found below thi.docxadkinspaige22
. Review the three articles about Inflation that are found below this.
2. Locate two JOURNAL articles that discuss this topic further. You need to focus on the Abstract, Introduction, Results, and Conclusion. For our purposes, you are not expected to fully understand the Data and Methodology.
3. Summarize these journal articles. Please use your own words. No copy-and-paste. Cite your sources.
.
Deepwater Horizon BlowoutRehabilitating a Reputation after a C.docxvickeryr87
Deepwater Horizon Blowout
Rehabilitating a Reputation after a Catastrophic Spill
BP, formerly known as British Petroleum, is an oil and gas company based in the United Kingdom, with global operations and 84,000 employees in 2012. It finds, extracts, transports, refines, and sells oil and gas products and has been a highly profitable company with pre-spill profits of $14 billion in 2009. Headquartered in London, BP is the second largest company in the U.K. and its brand was ranked 83rd in the world according to industry firm Interbrand. It owns oil and gas exploration rights, oil and gas fields, refineries, pipelines, large crude carrier ships, and gas stations and other oil-based products all over the world. Its chief executive officer, Tony Hayward, a geologist, was appointed from within BP’s administrative ranks in 2007.BP’s Safety Record
Before the Deepwater Horizon oil spill there were a number of U.S. safety and environmental incidents involving BP operations that caused some to question whether BP put profit ahead of other considerations.
BP was held responsible for a 2005 Texas City, Texas, oil refinery explosion that killed fifteen workers and injured 170; the company agreed to pay $21 million in federal fines for more than 300 safety violations. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration found more than 700 violations in a follow-up inspection in 2009, and BP agreed to pay $50.6 million for safety violations it had failed to correct following the 2005 refinery explosion. BP paid $13 million for 409 new safety violations discovered in 2009. As a result, the company invested $1 billion on safety and infrastructure improvements. One investigative report said that the Texas City disaster “was caused by organizational and safety deficiencies at all levels of the BP Corporation.” Just weeks before the Deepwater Horizon disaster, the news media reported the same Texas City refinery plant accidentally released 500,000 pounds of toxic chemicals into the skies over a forty-day period before the mistake was discovered by workers.
A number of negative environmental incidents involving BP-owned oil wells and pipelines had occurred in Alaska. In 2006 the biggest Alaskan oil spill ever happened after a section of the 800-mile Trans-Alaska pipeline corroded and leaked more than 5,078 barrels (267,000 gallons) of crude oil into Prudhoe Bay, Alaska; another smaller leak was discovered a few months later. As a result of the leaks, BP paid $25 million in fines and was ordered to correct the problems. A smaller oil– water mixture leak occurred in 2009 during a pressure test of a pipeline at BP’s Lis-burne Processing Center. A 2010 investigation by ProPublica revealed various parts of the Alaskan North Slope pipelines were in such bad shape that 148 sections were labeled as in “imminent danger” of rupturing.
Deepwater Horizon Explosion
Technological advances in oil drilling and climbing oil prices made the Gulf of Mexico an attractive source for oi.
Philippe kunz – global operation – george kastner emba london - dickens cohort, This case try to explain the miss-function and give some theoretical advice
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: A Study of Behavioural Decision MakingJerome Dauvergne
This report analyses the genesis of the Deepwater Horizon disaster from a behavioural decision making perspective. In order to write this original paper I borrowed from the investigative work of the environmental journalist Abrahm Lustgarten, and from concepts developed by behavioural finance and emotional finance academics such as the Canadian Hersh Shefrin, the American John Nofsinger, and the Britons Richard Taffler and David Tuckett.
I hope you'll enjoy the read!
. Review the three articles about Inflation that are found below thi.docxadkinspaige22
. Review the three articles about Inflation that are found below this.
2. Locate two JOURNAL articles that discuss this topic further. You need to focus on the Abstract, Introduction, Results, and Conclusion. For our purposes, you are not expected to fully understand the Data and Methodology.
3. Summarize these journal articles. Please use your own words. No copy-and-paste. Cite your sources.
.
. Find an invertebrate that is endemic to Florida. Endem.docxadkinspaige22
.
Find an invertebrate that is endemic to Florida. Endemic means that the species only lives in Florida. Where does it live and what does it eat?
What is its impact on the local ecosystem? Is it endangered, threatened, or not?
Why is it your favorite?
Attach a picture of your invertebrate to your discussion post.
Cite at least one website using APA forma
.
. Go to a news site and look at the headlines of several articles. A.docxadkinspaige22
. Go to a news site and look at the headlines of several articles. Are there any hidden assumptions in the headlines? How do the headline writers try to persuade you to click? Now click on one of the headlines and read the article quickly. Ask yourself, “How do the arguments and the support offered by the writer connect with the values and beliefs of the intended audience? What assumptions does the author take for granted the audience will accept?”
.
-Describe the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court Case of 1896; how was.docxadkinspaige22
-Describe the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court Case of 1896; how was this ruling an example of legal discrimination?
-What is another example of legal descrimination (state or local)?
-What are at least 2 examples of extra-legal practices (i.e., KKK, banishment, …) of the Jim Crow South, used to terrorize Blacks socio-economically; what do you think motivated these racist acts and policies?
-What organizations and/or individuals examplify the tactics of of accommodation, radical-protest, and nationalism tactics during this "nadir" period of Jim Crow?
-Based on the unit resources provided, what are you left wondering about; what questions are left unanswered for you?
.
-Do the schedule with Activity on Node and also draw the schedule.docxadkinspaige22
-Do the schedule with Activity on Node and also draw the schedule
AND
-Do the schedule with Activity on Arrow and also draw the schedule
PS: Use the construction estimating rsmeans book for any additional information. The excel file for the assignment is uploaded and additional notes are posted.
.
. Record your initial reaction to the work (suggested length of 1.docxadkinspaige22
. Record your initial reaction to the work (
suggested length of 1 paragraph or half a page
) by doing the following:
1. Describe your initial thoughts and/or feelings about the work.
2. Describe in detail
at least
one
aspect of the work that most interests you.
B. Analyze the work (
suggested length of 2–4 pages
) by doing the following:
1. Describe the historical context of the period in which the work was created.
2. Discuss insights into the work that can be gained from the artist’s biography.
3. Analyze how this work explores a particular theme and/or stylistic characteristic from its period.
4. Explain the relevance of this work for today’s audiences.
C. Discuss how the deeper knowledge you gained through your analysis has informed or altered your thoughts and/or feelings about the work (
suggested length of 1 paragraph or half a page
).
D. When you use sources to support ideas and elements in a paper or project, provide acknowledgement of source information for any content that is quoted, paraphrased or summarized. Acknowledgement of source information includes in-text citation noting specifically where in the submission the source is used and a corresponding reference, which includes the following:
• author
• date
• title
• location of information (e.g., publisher, journal, website URL)
E. Demonstrate professional communication in the content and presentation of your submission.
.
-Describe the existing needs for cost information in healthcare firm.docxadkinspaige22
-Describe the existing needs for cost information in healthcare firms.
-Describe how cost information relates to the three key activities of management: planning, budgeting, and control.
-Describe the three main phases of the costing process.
-Explain the two systems necessary to accurately cost healthcare encounters of care.
-Describe the concept of relative value units (RVU).
.
--------250 words---------Chapter 18 – According to literatu.docxadkinspaige22
--------250 words---------
Chapter 18 –
According to literature review and the EU Energy Security and ICT Policy, the authors indicated that, the points of departure of the EU’s (European Commission 2007) energy policy was threefold: combating climate change, limiting the EU’s external vulnerability to imported hydrocarbons, and promoting growth and jobs, thereby providing secure and affordable energy for consumers. The main focus of the EU’s policy ideally was to move towards a single global regime and the mainstreaming of climate into other policies; and hence receiving a 20% portion out of the entire 2014–2020 EU budget. The focus at the urban level was to produce the greatest results in an energy-efficient effort that will integrate three sectors.
Q1
– What are these three sectors? Identify and name the
three sectors
Chapter 18
: When looking further into the EU’s Energy Security and ICT sustainable urban development, and government policy efforts:
Q2
– What are the five ICT enablers of energy efficiency identified by European strategic research Road map to ICT enabled Energy-Efficiency in Buildings and constructions, (REEB, 2010)? Identify and name the
five ICT enablers
,
.
-Please name the functions of the skeletal system.2-Where are lo.docxadkinspaige22
-Please name the functions of the skeletal system.
2-Where are located the long bones? Please give 2 examples and explain the importance of a long bone
3- What is epidermis? What are its functions?
4-Where is located the anterior fontanel? In between which bones?
5- What is an epicondyle, a fossa, a sinus, and a trochanter?
6.- What is a sarcomere?
7.- Please explain the steps of the impulse transmission through the neuromuscular junction.
8.- What are the differences between the three types of muscles?
9.- Please name the 9 abdominal regions, and some organs in each one.
10.- What are the functions of the frontalis muscle, and the deltoid?
.
-TOPIC= Civil Right Movement and Black Power Movement#St.docxadkinspaige22
-TOPIC= Civil Right Movement and Black Power Movement
#Students must submit
a short research paper that compares and contrasts two events: one from the past, and one from the present.
(Note: the term “events” broadly refers to notable developments or issues, recognized political and social leaders, organizations, and/or social movements.) This assignment focuses on the Core Objective of Social Responsibility. However Critical Thinking Skills and Communication Skills will also be assessed.
Suggested outline
·
Page 1
–
Provide a historical overview of this subject, such as when it took place, why it took place . Page 2, 3 and 4 instructions come directly from information received in terms of what is to be a part of this assignment. However I provided what I believe what may be a more clearer question in red lettering..
Page 2
What issues of fairness and/or inequality were addressed by individuals and groups involved with the events? Be sure to include a discussion of racial prejudice, discrimination, and ethical behaviors. (What key events took place to cause this event to take place.. for example..if you selected Black Lives Matter you can site the names and other info of those murdered which prompted this movement)
·
Page 3
How did individuals and groups involved with the events under analysis take a proactive role in changing society and/or participating in the democratic process? (Was this a one time protest or event? Was it spontaneous or organized and who were the organizers and key people involved? Was in confined to one city or did it occur in other places?)
·
Page 4
How can our nation overcome problems of race relations in establishing a fair and equal society? How have conditions for African Americans changed? How have they remained the same? (What was or is the outcome of this event? What is its relationship to the discipline of African American Studies? What are the future implications of this for Black People specifically and all people in general…Share your thoughts)
*
Double-spaced, in 12-point font, range between 800 and 1200 words, (3 ½ to 4 ½ pages, approximately 6 to 8 paragraphs.. 5-7 sentences in each paragraph)
*Paper must be A++ with no plagarism.
*Paper must be critically sound.plagiarism
.
- Wordcount 500 to 1000 words- Structure Cover, Table of Conte.docxadkinspaige22
- Wordcount: 500 to 1000 words
- Structure: Cover, Table of Contents, References and Appendix are excluded of the total wordcount.
- WRITTEN LIKE AN ESSAY with Intro, Main Part & Conclusion
- Citation: The in-text References and the Bibliography must be in Harvard’s citation style.
It assesses the following learning outcomes:
Outcome 1: understand the fundamental aspects of contractual relations.
Outcome 2: identify different issues and laws applicable in contractual context.
Outcome 3: learn how to address those issues and sustain solid arguments.
Task:
On August 1, Daniel visited local the electronics shop to purchase a new TV. He saw one he liked but was not sure if he could afford the 850€. The store owner agreed to write up and sign an offer stating that it would be held open for ten days, which he did. On August 2, the owner changed his mind and sent Daniel an e-mail revoking the offer, which Daniel received immediately. On August 3, Daniel sent a reply e-mail accepting the original offer.
o Is there a contract in the above-mentioned case? Explain why/why not.
o In interpreting agreements for the purpose of establishing whether a valid contract exists, what standards are generally
applied by the courts?
o What is understood as offer in Contract Law? When is an offer valid?
o What is an acceptance under Contract Law? When is an acceptance considered effective?
.
-What benefits can a diverse workforce provide to an organization.docxadkinspaige22
-What benefits can a diverse workforce provide to an organization?
-What are the possible negative consequences for an organization that does not embrace diversity?
-What strategies can managers implement to enhance cultural awareness and overcome preconceived biases or stereotypes?
.
-How would you define or describe the American Great Migration m.docxadkinspaige22
-How would you define or describe the American "Great Migration" movement; and what were some of the motivations or reasons for this ‘demographic shift’ of many African Americans out of the South?
-What were at least 1 specific or general “push” and 1 "pull" factor which motivated the Great Migeration of many African Americans out of the rural south?
-What are at least 2 Great Migration themes in August Wilson's "The Piano Lesson" play/film; (what pull and/or push factors do you see illustrated/demonstrated in the play/film)?
-As a tactic, to solve real problems/challenges, would you say the "leaderless" Great Migration movement was one of
accommodation, radical-protest
, and/or
nationalism
; how so specifically?
-After exploring dynamics of the Great Migration, what are you left wondering about; what questions are left unanswered;and why?
.
- We learned from our readings that the use of mobile devices in our.docxadkinspaige22
- We learned from our readings that the use of mobile devices in our society today has indeed become ubiquitous. In addition, CTIA asserted that over 326 million mobile devices were in use within The United States as of December 2012 – an estimated growth of more than 100 percent penetration rate with users carrying more than one device with notable continues growth. From this research, it’s evident that mobile computing has vastly accelerated in popularity over the last decade due to several factors noted by the authors in our chapter reading.
In consideration with this revelation, identify and name these factors, and provide a brief discussion about them.
-
add 3 scholarly source and document should be in APA format.
- Write 250 words.
.
- Goals (short and long term) and how you developed them; experience.docxadkinspaige22
- Goals (short and long term) and how you developed them; experiences, interests, responsibilities and mentors who have guided your development should be mentioned.
- Strengths developed through experiences you've had which you can offer the internship as well as areas you would like to improve
- Reasons you would like to be part of Andrews University's Dietetic Internship Program specifically.
.
- Pick ONE Theme for the 5 short stories (ex setting, character.docxadkinspaige22
- Pick
ONE
Theme for the 5 short stories (ex: setting, characters, comedy, irony, etc.)
Each short story should reflect the theme chosen.
- 1 page per story (1-2 paragraphs describing how the works in that story...
NO SUMMARIES PLEASE!)
Total of 6 pages. one page for each story and one index page
.
- Briefly summarize the Modernization Theory (discuss all four stage.docxadkinspaige22
- Briefly summarize the Modernization Theory (discuss all four stages) and the
World Systems Theory (discuss all three economic zones) of global inequality.
Then discuss the fundamental difference between the two theories in their
perception of the role high-income nations play in the economy of low-income
nations.
- Discuss the four reasons that Davis and Moore give for why social stratification is
functional and universal. Then discuss Tumin’s three responses to Davis and
Moore’s assertions. Lastly, provide your view on the matter. That is, do you feel
Davis and Moore are accurate in their explanation for social stratification? Or,
are you in agreement with Tumin’s responses to Davis and Moore? Or, do you
see valid points made by Davis and Moore as well as Tumin? (Be sure to explain
your position.)
- Write an essay on Marx’s and Weber’s approaches to social stratification. In a
paragraph for each theory, elaborate on the key points discussed in the lecture.
For Weber, be sure to thoroughly discuss the three dimensions of social class and
the interplay between the three dimensions in determining socioeconomic status.
Moreover, please clearly discuss the two main differences between Weber’s
theory and that of Marx.
- Discuss three factors related to industrialization that undermined the system of
slavery.
- How do traditional gender roles regarding housework and the raising of children
affect women’s employment status? How do these roles affect their life choices
and living conditions? In your response, be sure to discuss the concepts of human
capital and the second shift.
- Discuss the influence of nature and nurture in the formation of gender identities.
What are the arguments that biology primarily shapes gender? What are the
sociological views on gender socialization? Summarize your conclusions about
this fundamental question regarding gende
.
+16159390825Whats app the test online on time .docxadkinspaige22
+16159390825
Whats app the test online on time
Practice, Engage, and Assess
• Learning Catalytics—Generates classroom discussion,
guides lectures, and promotes peer-to-peer learning
with real-time analytics. Students can use any device to
interact in the classroom, engage with content, and even
draw and share graphs.
• Digital Interactives—Focused on a single core topic and
organized in progressive levels, each interactive immerses students
in an assignable and auto-graded activity. Digital Interactives are
also engaging lecture tools for traditional, online, and hybrid courses,
many incorporating real-time data, data displays, and analysis tools
for rich classroom discussions.
• Enhanced eText—Students actively read and learn, and
with more engagement than ever before, through embedded
and auto-graded practice, real-time data-graph updates,
animations, author videos, and more.
• Learning Resources—Personalized learning aids such as Help
Me Solve This problem walkthroughs, Teach Me explanations of the
underlying concept, and figure Animations provide on-demand help
when students need it most.
• Study Plan —Shows students sections to study next, gives
easy access to practice problems, and provides an automatically
generated quiz to prove mastery of the course material.
• Practice—Algorithmically generated homework and study
plan exercises with instant feedback ensure varied and
productive practice, helping students improve their
understanding and prepare for quizzes and tests. Draw-graph
exercises encourage students to practice the language
of economics.
Z04_MISH9805_4_SE_FEP_001-004.indd 2 21/11/14 10:13 AM
with MyEconLab
®
• Current News Exercises —Every week, current
microeconomic and macroeconomic news stories, with
accompanying exercises, are posted to MyEconLab. Assignable
and auto-graded, these multi-part exercises ask students to
recognize and apply economic concepts to real-world events.
• Real-Time Data Analysis Exercises—Using current
macro data to help students understand the impact of changes
in economic variables, Real-Time Data Analysis Exercises
communicate directly with the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis’s
FRED® site and update as new data are available.
• Experiments—Flexible, easy-to-assign, auto-graded, and available
in Single and Multiplayer versions, Experiments in MyEconLab
make learning fun and engaging.
• Reporting Dashboard—View, analyze, and report
learning outcomes clearly and easily. Available via
the Gradebook and fully mobile-ready, the Reporting
Dashboard presents student performance data at the class,
section, and program levels in an accessible, visual manner.
• Mobile Ready—Students and instructors can access
multimedia resources and complete assessments right at
their fingertips, on any mobile device.
• LMS Integration—Link from any LMS platform to access
assignments, rosters, and resources, and synchr.
(philosophy1. why is mills philosophy closely identified with.docxadkinspaige22
(philosophy
1. why is mill's philosophy closely identified with democratic political theory?
2. why is lying regardless of result *generally considered morally wrong by mill?
3. how is mill's philosophy si milar to that of aristotle?
4. what is the role of one's rational faculties in Kant's philosophy
.
(only 350 words )In the wake of the terrorist attacks in Septe.docxadkinspaige22
(only 350 words )
In the wake of the terrorist attacks in September 2001, the 9/11 Commission recommended that the U.S. Intelligence Community (USIC) find a way to improve information sharing of terrorism-related intelligence at all three levels of government (local, state, and federal). The USIC’s answer to this recommendation was the creation of intelligence
fusion centers
.
Since the creation of these intelligence fusion centers, there has been much controversy because of the large amounts of personal information secretly collected and shared within the U.S. intelligence and law enforcement communities. In addition, some critics argue that in the years since their creation, fusion centers and the law enforcement entities affiliated with them have moved away from their original purpose and instead have utilized federal grants and resources to fight local crime.
Assignment Guidelines
Address the following:
In your opinion, how effective are U.S. fusion centers? Explain.
Do you feel that the creation of fusion centers has improved information sharing of terrorism-related information at all three levels of government? Why or why not?
Do you feel that fusion centers have ultimately moved away from their intended purpose? Why or why not?
Are fusion centers now being used as a local law enforcement tool to help fight local crime? Why or why not?
.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
. Find an invertebrate that is endemic to Florida. Endem.docxadkinspaige22
.
Find an invertebrate that is endemic to Florida. Endemic means that the species only lives in Florida. Where does it live and what does it eat?
What is its impact on the local ecosystem? Is it endangered, threatened, or not?
Why is it your favorite?
Attach a picture of your invertebrate to your discussion post.
Cite at least one website using APA forma
.
. Go to a news site and look at the headlines of several articles. A.docxadkinspaige22
. Go to a news site and look at the headlines of several articles. Are there any hidden assumptions in the headlines? How do the headline writers try to persuade you to click? Now click on one of the headlines and read the article quickly. Ask yourself, “How do the arguments and the support offered by the writer connect with the values and beliefs of the intended audience? What assumptions does the author take for granted the audience will accept?”
.
-Describe the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court Case of 1896; how was.docxadkinspaige22
-Describe the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court Case of 1896; how was this ruling an example of legal discrimination?
-What is another example of legal descrimination (state or local)?
-What are at least 2 examples of extra-legal practices (i.e., KKK, banishment, …) of the Jim Crow South, used to terrorize Blacks socio-economically; what do you think motivated these racist acts and policies?
-What organizations and/or individuals examplify the tactics of of accommodation, radical-protest, and nationalism tactics during this "nadir" period of Jim Crow?
-Based on the unit resources provided, what are you left wondering about; what questions are left unanswered for you?
.
-Do the schedule with Activity on Node and also draw the schedule.docxadkinspaige22
-Do the schedule with Activity on Node and also draw the schedule
AND
-Do the schedule with Activity on Arrow and also draw the schedule
PS: Use the construction estimating rsmeans book for any additional information. The excel file for the assignment is uploaded and additional notes are posted.
.
. Record your initial reaction to the work (suggested length of 1.docxadkinspaige22
. Record your initial reaction to the work (
suggested length of 1 paragraph or half a page
) by doing the following:
1. Describe your initial thoughts and/or feelings about the work.
2. Describe in detail
at least
one
aspect of the work that most interests you.
B. Analyze the work (
suggested length of 2–4 pages
) by doing the following:
1. Describe the historical context of the period in which the work was created.
2. Discuss insights into the work that can be gained from the artist’s biography.
3. Analyze how this work explores a particular theme and/or stylistic characteristic from its period.
4. Explain the relevance of this work for today’s audiences.
C. Discuss how the deeper knowledge you gained through your analysis has informed or altered your thoughts and/or feelings about the work (
suggested length of 1 paragraph or half a page
).
D. When you use sources to support ideas and elements in a paper or project, provide acknowledgement of source information for any content that is quoted, paraphrased or summarized. Acknowledgement of source information includes in-text citation noting specifically where in the submission the source is used and a corresponding reference, which includes the following:
• author
• date
• title
• location of information (e.g., publisher, journal, website URL)
E. Demonstrate professional communication in the content and presentation of your submission.
.
-Describe the existing needs for cost information in healthcare firm.docxadkinspaige22
-Describe the existing needs for cost information in healthcare firms.
-Describe how cost information relates to the three key activities of management: planning, budgeting, and control.
-Describe the three main phases of the costing process.
-Explain the two systems necessary to accurately cost healthcare encounters of care.
-Describe the concept of relative value units (RVU).
.
--------250 words---------Chapter 18 – According to literatu.docxadkinspaige22
--------250 words---------
Chapter 18 –
According to literature review and the EU Energy Security and ICT Policy, the authors indicated that, the points of departure of the EU’s (European Commission 2007) energy policy was threefold: combating climate change, limiting the EU’s external vulnerability to imported hydrocarbons, and promoting growth and jobs, thereby providing secure and affordable energy for consumers. The main focus of the EU’s policy ideally was to move towards a single global regime and the mainstreaming of climate into other policies; and hence receiving a 20% portion out of the entire 2014–2020 EU budget. The focus at the urban level was to produce the greatest results in an energy-efficient effort that will integrate three sectors.
Q1
– What are these three sectors? Identify and name the
three sectors
Chapter 18
: When looking further into the EU’s Energy Security and ICT sustainable urban development, and government policy efforts:
Q2
– What are the five ICT enablers of energy efficiency identified by European strategic research Road map to ICT enabled Energy-Efficiency in Buildings and constructions, (REEB, 2010)? Identify and name the
five ICT enablers
,
.
-Please name the functions of the skeletal system.2-Where are lo.docxadkinspaige22
-Please name the functions of the skeletal system.
2-Where are located the long bones? Please give 2 examples and explain the importance of a long bone
3- What is epidermis? What are its functions?
4-Where is located the anterior fontanel? In between which bones?
5- What is an epicondyle, a fossa, a sinus, and a trochanter?
6.- What is a sarcomere?
7.- Please explain the steps of the impulse transmission through the neuromuscular junction.
8.- What are the differences between the three types of muscles?
9.- Please name the 9 abdominal regions, and some organs in each one.
10.- What are the functions of the frontalis muscle, and the deltoid?
.
-TOPIC= Civil Right Movement and Black Power Movement#St.docxadkinspaige22
-TOPIC= Civil Right Movement and Black Power Movement
#Students must submit
a short research paper that compares and contrasts two events: one from the past, and one from the present.
(Note: the term “events” broadly refers to notable developments or issues, recognized political and social leaders, organizations, and/or social movements.) This assignment focuses on the Core Objective of Social Responsibility. However Critical Thinking Skills and Communication Skills will also be assessed.
Suggested outline
·
Page 1
–
Provide a historical overview of this subject, such as when it took place, why it took place . Page 2, 3 and 4 instructions come directly from information received in terms of what is to be a part of this assignment. However I provided what I believe what may be a more clearer question in red lettering..
Page 2
What issues of fairness and/or inequality were addressed by individuals and groups involved with the events? Be sure to include a discussion of racial prejudice, discrimination, and ethical behaviors. (What key events took place to cause this event to take place.. for example..if you selected Black Lives Matter you can site the names and other info of those murdered which prompted this movement)
·
Page 3
How did individuals and groups involved with the events under analysis take a proactive role in changing society and/or participating in the democratic process? (Was this a one time protest or event? Was it spontaneous or organized and who were the organizers and key people involved? Was in confined to one city or did it occur in other places?)
·
Page 4
How can our nation overcome problems of race relations in establishing a fair and equal society? How have conditions for African Americans changed? How have they remained the same? (What was or is the outcome of this event? What is its relationship to the discipline of African American Studies? What are the future implications of this for Black People specifically and all people in general…Share your thoughts)
*
Double-spaced, in 12-point font, range between 800 and 1200 words, (3 ½ to 4 ½ pages, approximately 6 to 8 paragraphs.. 5-7 sentences in each paragraph)
*Paper must be A++ with no plagarism.
*Paper must be critically sound.plagiarism
.
- Wordcount 500 to 1000 words- Structure Cover, Table of Conte.docxadkinspaige22
- Wordcount: 500 to 1000 words
- Structure: Cover, Table of Contents, References and Appendix are excluded of the total wordcount.
- WRITTEN LIKE AN ESSAY with Intro, Main Part & Conclusion
- Citation: The in-text References and the Bibliography must be in Harvard’s citation style.
It assesses the following learning outcomes:
Outcome 1: understand the fundamental aspects of contractual relations.
Outcome 2: identify different issues and laws applicable in contractual context.
Outcome 3: learn how to address those issues and sustain solid arguments.
Task:
On August 1, Daniel visited local the electronics shop to purchase a new TV. He saw one he liked but was not sure if he could afford the 850€. The store owner agreed to write up and sign an offer stating that it would be held open for ten days, which he did. On August 2, the owner changed his mind and sent Daniel an e-mail revoking the offer, which Daniel received immediately. On August 3, Daniel sent a reply e-mail accepting the original offer.
o Is there a contract in the above-mentioned case? Explain why/why not.
o In interpreting agreements for the purpose of establishing whether a valid contract exists, what standards are generally
applied by the courts?
o What is understood as offer in Contract Law? When is an offer valid?
o What is an acceptance under Contract Law? When is an acceptance considered effective?
.
-What benefits can a diverse workforce provide to an organization.docxadkinspaige22
-What benefits can a diverse workforce provide to an organization?
-What are the possible negative consequences for an organization that does not embrace diversity?
-What strategies can managers implement to enhance cultural awareness and overcome preconceived biases or stereotypes?
.
-How would you define or describe the American Great Migration m.docxadkinspaige22
-How would you define or describe the American "Great Migration" movement; and what were some of the motivations or reasons for this ‘demographic shift’ of many African Americans out of the South?
-What were at least 1 specific or general “push” and 1 "pull" factor which motivated the Great Migeration of many African Americans out of the rural south?
-What are at least 2 Great Migration themes in August Wilson's "The Piano Lesson" play/film; (what pull and/or push factors do you see illustrated/demonstrated in the play/film)?
-As a tactic, to solve real problems/challenges, would you say the "leaderless" Great Migration movement was one of
accommodation, radical-protest
, and/or
nationalism
; how so specifically?
-After exploring dynamics of the Great Migration, what are you left wondering about; what questions are left unanswered;and why?
.
- We learned from our readings that the use of mobile devices in our.docxadkinspaige22
- We learned from our readings that the use of mobile devices in our society today has indeed become ubiquitous. In addition, CTIA asserted that over 326 million mobile devices were in use within The United States as of December 2012 – an estimated growth of more than 100 percent penetration rate with users carrying more than one device with notable continues growth. From this research, it’s evident that mobile computing has vastly accelerated in popularity over the last decade due to several factors noted by the authors in our chapter reading.
In consideration with this revelation, identify and name these factors, and provide a brief discussion about them.
-
add 3 scholarly source and document should be in APA format.
- Write 250 words.
.
- Goals (short and long term) and how you developed them; experience.docxadkinspaige22
- Goals (short and long term) and how you developed them; experiences, interests, responsibilities and mentors who have guided your development should be mentioned.
- Strengths developed through experiences you've had which you can offer the internship as well as areas you would like to improve
- Reasons you would like to be part of Andrews University's Dietetic Internship Program specifically.
.
- Pick ONE Theme for the 5 short stories (ex setting, character.docxadkinspaige22
- Pick
ONE
Theme for the 5 short stories (ex: setting, characters, comedy, irony, etc.)
Each short story should reflect the theme chosen.
- 1 page per story (1-2 paragraphs describing how the works in that story...
NO SUMMARIES PLEASE!)
Total of 6 pages. one page for each story and one index page
.
- Briefly summarize the Modernization Theory (discuss all four stage.docxadkinspaige22
- Briefly summarize the Modernization Theory (discuss all four stages) and the
World Systems Theory (discuss all three economic zones) of global inequality.
Then discuss the fundamental difference between the two theories in their
perception of the role high-income nations play in the economy of low-income
nations.
- Discuss the four reasons that Davis and Moore give for why social stratification is
functional and universal. Then discuss Tumin’s three responses to Davis and
Moore’s assertions. Lastly, provide your view on the matter. That is, do you feel
Davis and Moore are accurate in their explanation for social stratification? Or,
are you in agreement with Tumin’s responses to Davis and Moore? Or, do you
see valid points made by Davis and Moore as well as Tumin? (Be sure to explain
your position.)
- Write an essay on Marx’s and Weber’s approaches to social stratification. In a
paragraph for each theory, elaborate on the key points discussed in the lecture.
For Weber, be sure to thoroughly discuss the three dimensions of social class and
the interplay between the three dimensions in determining socioeconomic status.
Moreover, please clearly discuss the two main differences between Weber’s
theory and that of Marx.
- Discuss three factors related to industrialization that undermined the system of
slavery.
- How do traditional gender roles regarding housework and the raising of children
affect women’s employment status? How do these roles affect their life choices
and living conditions? In your response, be sure to discuss the concepts of human
capital and the second shift.
- Discuss the influence of nature and nurture in the formation of gender identities.
What are the arguments that biology primarily shapes gender? What are the
sociological views on gender socialization? Summarize your conclusions about
this fundamental question regarding gende
.
+16159390825Whats app the test online on time .docxadkinspaige22
+16159390825
Whats app the test online on time
Practice, Engage, and Assess
• Learning Catalytics—Generates classroom discussion,
guides lectures, and promotes peer-to-peer learning
with real-time analytics. Students can use any device to
interact in the classroom, engage with content, and even
draw and share graphs.
• Digital Interactives—Focused on a single core topic and
organized in progressive levels, each interactive immerses students
in an assignable and auto-graded activity. Digital Interactives are
also engaging lecture tools for traditional, online, and hybrid courses,
many incorporating real-time data, data displays, and analysis tools
for rich classroom discussions.
• Enhanced eText—Students actively read and learn, and
with more engagement than ever before, through embedded
and auto-graded practice, real-time data-graph updates,
animations, author videos, and more.
• Learning Resources—Personalized learning aids such as Help
Me Solve This problem walkthroughs, Teach Me explanations of the
underlying concept, and figure Animations provide on-demand help
when students need it most.
• Study Plan —Shows students sections to study next, gives
easy access to practice problems, and provides an automatically
generated quiz to prove mastery of the course material.
• Practice—Algorithmically generated homework and study
plan exercises with instant feedback ensure varied and
productive practice, helping students improve their
understanding and prepare for quizzes and tests. Draw-graph
exercises encourage students to practice the language
of economics.
Z04_MISH9805_4_SE_FEP_001-004.indd 2 21/11/14 10:13 AM
with MyEconLab
®
• Current News Exercises —Every week, current
microeconomic and macroeconomic news stories, with
accompanying exercises, are posted to MyEconLab. Assignable
and auto-graded, these multi-part exercises ask students to
recognize and apply economic concepts to real-world events.
• Real-Time Data Analysis Exercises—Using current
macro data to help students understand the impact of changes
in economic variables, Real-Time Data Analysis Exercises
communicate directly with the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis’s
FRED® site and update as new data are available.
• Experiments—Flexible, easy-to-assign, auto-graded, and available
in Single and Multiplayer versions, Experiments in MyEconLab
make learning fun and engaging.
• Reporting Dashboard—View, analyze, and report
learning outcomes clearly and easily. Available via
the Gradebook and fully mobile-ready, the Reporting
Dashboard presents student performance data at the class,
section, and program levels in an accessible, visual manner.
• Mobile Ready—Students and instructors can access
multimedia resources and complete assessments right at
their fingertips, on any mobile device.
• LMS Integration—Link from any LMS platform to access
assignments, rosters, and resources, and synchr.
(philosophy1. why is mills philosophy closely identified with.docxadkinspaige22
(philosophy
1. why is mill's philosophy closely identified with democratic political theory?
2. why is lying regardless of result *generally considered morally wrong by mill?
3. how is mill's philosophy si milar to that of aristotle?
4. what is the role of one's rational faculties in Kant's philosophy
.
(only 350 words )In the wake of the terrorist attacks in Septe.docxadkinspaige22
(only 350 words )
In the wake of the terrorist attacks in September 2001, the 9/11 Commission recommended that the U.S. Intelligence Community (USIC) find a way to improve information sharing of terrorism-related intelligence at all three levels of government (local, state, and federal). The USIC’s answer to this recommendation was the creation of intelligence
fusion centers
.
Since the creation of these intelligence fusion centers, there has been much controversy because of the large amounts of personal information secretly collected and shared within the U.S. intelligence and law enforcement communities. In addition, some critics argue that in the years since their creation, fusion centers and the law enforcement entities affiliated with them have moved away from their original purpose and instead have utilized federal grants and resources to fight local crime.
Assignment Guidelines
Address the following:
In your opinion, how effective are U.S. fusion centers? Explain.
Do you feel that the creation of fusion centers has improved information sharing of terrorism-related information at all three levels of government? Why or why not?
Do you feel that fusion centers have ultimately moved away from their intended purpose? Why or why not?
Are fusion centers now being used as a local law enforcement tool to help fight local crime? Why or why not?
.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2. Williams was the chief electronics technician for Transocean, a
U.S.-owned, Switzerland-based oil
industry support company that specialized in deep water drilling
equipment. The company’s $560
million Deepwater Horizon rig was in the Gulf of Mexico
working on the Macondo well. British
Petroleum (BP) held the rights to explore the well and had
leased the rig, along with its crew, from
Transocean. Of the 126 people aboard the Deepwater Horizon,
79 were from Transocean, seven were
from BP, and the rest were from other firms including
Anadarko, Halliburton, and M-1 Swaco, a
subsidiary of Schlumberger.
Managing electronics on the Deepwater Horizon had inured
Williams to emergency alarms. Gas
levels had been running high enough to prohibit any “hot” work
such as welding or wiring that could
cause sparks. Normally, the alarm system would have gone off
with gas levels as high as they were.
However, the alarms had been disabled in order to prevent false
alarms from waking people in the
middle of the night. But the emergency announcement that came
over the PA system on the night of
April 20 was clearly no false alarm.
1 Testimony from Michael Williams, The Joint United States
Coast Guard/The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management,
“FUSCG/BOEM Marine Board of
Investigation into the marine casualty, explosion, fire,
pollution, and sinking of mobile offshore drilling unit
deepwater horizon, with loss of life in the Gulf of
Mexico 21-22 April 2010,” Transcript, July 23, 2010, pp. 24-25.
3. BP AND THE DEEPWATER HORIZON DISASTER OF 2010
Christina Ingersoll, Richard M. Locke, Cate Reavis
Rev. April 3, 2012 2
Moments after the announcement, Williams was jolted by a
nearby thud and a hissing sound,
followed by the revving of one of the rig’s engines. Before he
knew it, there were two explosions
forcing him and other crew members to abandon ship by
jumping into the partially flaming ocean.2 Of
the 126 workers on board the Deepwater Horizon, 17 were
injured, including Williams, and 11 were
killed. The rig burned for 36 hours, combusting the 700,000
gallons of oil that were on board, leaving
a trail of smoke over 30 miles long. The Deepwater Horizon
sank on April 22, taking with it the top
pipe of the well and parts of the system that were supposed to
prevent blowouts from occuring.3
As of 2010, the Deepwater Horizon disaster was the largest
marine oil spill ever to occur in U.S.
waters. By the time the well was capped on July 15, 2010,
nearly five million barrels of oil
(205.8 million gallons) had spilled into the Gulf of Mexico.
Federal science and engineering teams
revised their estimates on the rate of oil flow several times, and
in August they concluded that
between April 20 and July 15, 53,000-62,000 barrels per day
spilled into the Gulf,4 an amount that
was equivalent to a spill the size of the 1989 Exxon Valdez
4. every four to five days.5 Before the
Deepwater Horizon disaster, the Exxon Valdez held the record
for the largest spill in U.S. waters.
It was surprising to many analysts how such a disaster could
happen, particularly involving a
company like BP, which publicly prided itself on its
commitment to safety. It did seem clear that, in
an effort to close up the Macondo well, several key decisions
were made, each involving multiple
stakeholders and trade-offs of time, money, safety, and risk
mitigation. The public debate began
immediately on whether the result of these decisions indicated
operational or management problems
on the rig, and whether these problems were endemic to the oil
industry, or resided within BP
itself. To help answer these questions, several task forces were
formed to investigate the root causes
of the disaster and who among the various players involved with
the Macondo well bore
responsibility for the disaster and for its resolution.
British Petroleum
The company that would become BP was founded in 1909 as the
Anglo-Persian Oil Company
(APOC) shortly after Englishman William Knox D’Arcy struck
oil in Iran after an eight-year search.
In its early years, profitability proved elusive for APOC and, in
1914, Winston Churchill, who was
head of the British Navy and believed Britain needed a
dedicated oil supply, convinced the British
government to buy a 51% stake in the nearly bankrupt company.
5. 2 The Joint United States Coast Guard/The Bureau of Ocean
Energy Management, “FUSCG/BOEM Marine Board of
Investigation into the marine casualty,
explosion, fire, pollution, and sinking of mobile offshore
drilling unit deepwater horizon, with loss of life in the Gulf of
Mexico 21-22 April 2010,” Transcript,
July 23, 2010, pp. 10-14.
3 U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Energy and
Commerce, “Chronology of Deepwater Horizon Events,” June
15, 2010.
4 Campbell Robertson and Clifford Kraus, “Gulf Spill is Largest
of Its Kind, Scientists Say,” The New York Times, August 3,
2010.
5 Calculation based on a spill size of 10.8 million gallons for
the Exxon Valdez. Justin Gillis and Henry Fountain, “New
Estimates Double Rate of Oil Flowing
Into Gulf,” The New York Times, June 10, 2010.
BP AND THE DEEPWATER HORIZON DISASTER OF 2010
Christina Ingersoll, Richard M. Locke, Cate Reavis
Rev. April 3, 2012 3
The British government’s majority ownership of BP lasted until
the late 1970s when the government,
under Prime Margaret Thatcher, a proponent of privatization,
began selling off its shares in an attempt
to increase productivity in the company. When the government
sold its final 31% share in 1987, BP’s
performance was floundering. The company’s performance
continued to decline as a newly private
company; in 1992, BP posted a loss of $811 million. Nearing
6. bankruptcy, the company was forced to
take dramatic cost cutting measures.
Things started to improve measurably in the mid-1990s. With a
streamlined workforce and portfolio
of activities, BP’s new CEO began implementing an aggressive
growth strategy, highlighted by
mergers with rivals Amoco in 1998, and ARCO (the former
Atlantic Richfield) in 2000.
Along with focusing on growth, BP began repositioning itself.
In 2001, the company launched the
new tagline “Beyond Petroleum” and officially changed its
name to “BP.” The associated green
branding campaign indicated that BP wanted to be known as an
environmentally-friendly oil
company. Over the next decade, the company launched an
Alternative Energy division and was, for a
time, the world’s largest manufacturer of solar cells and
Britain’s largest producer of wind energy. BP
invested $4 billion in alternative energy between 2005 and
2009.6 BP’s total company investment
over the same time period was $982 billion.7
In May 2007, Tony Hayward, who had been chief executive of
Exploration and Production (BPX),
replaced John Browne as CEO. Hayward marked his
appointment with a speech pledging to “focus
like a laser on safety issues, put the brakes on growth and slash
production targets.”8 Hayward was
able to improve corporate performance, in part, by dramatically
shrinking the Alternative Energy
division and further reducing headcount at both managerial and
lower staff levels.9 Between 2006 and
2009, BP’s workforce fell from 97,000 to 80,300.10
7. In addition to cutting four levels of management, Hayward also
spoke publicly about his desire to
transform BP’s culture to one that was less risk averse. He
believed that too many people were
making too many decisions leading to extreme cautiousness.
“Assurance is killing us,” he told U.S.
staff in September of 2007.11
Despite Hayward’s concern about the company’s risk averse
culture, in a relatively short period of
time, BP had transitioned from a small, state-sponsored
company to one of the six largest non-state-
owned oil companies in the world and, in the month before the
Deepwater Horizon disaster, the
largest company listed on the London Stock Exchange. The
transition required numerous mergers
6 “BP Sustainability Reporting 2009: Alternative Energy,” BP
Publication, April 15, 2010.
7 BP annual financial statements: 2007 and 2009.
8 Tony Hayward, “BP 2008 Strategy Presentation,” BP
Publication, February 27, 2008.
9 Ibid.
10 BP.com archive information on employment, for 2006 data;
“BP at a Glance” from BP.com, accessed October 10, 2010 for
2009 data.
11 Graeme Wearden, “BP to Take Axe to Management,” The
Guardian, September 25, 2007.
BP AND THE DEEPWATER HORIZON DISASTER OF 2010
Christina Ingersoll, Richard M. Locke, Cate Reavis
8. Rev. April 3, 2012 4
and acquisitions, and strict cost cutting measures. Along the
way, BP’s organizational structure was
also dramatically transformed.
Organizational Strategy
BP in the late 1980s comprised several layers of management in
a matrix structure that made it
difficult for anyone to make decisions quickly. In some cases,
simple proposal changes required 15
signatures. At the same time, the company was overleveraged
and its overall performance was
suffering.12 Robert Horton, who was appointed CEO in 1989,
started a radical turnaround program in
an effort to cut $750 million from BP’s annual expenses. He
removed several layers of management
and slashed the headcount at headquarters by 80. Horton also
intended to increase the speed of
managerial decision-making and, thereby, the pace of business
in general. Horton transformed
hierarchically structured departments into smaller, more flexible
teams charged with maintaining
open lines of communication.13
Horton transferred decision-making authority away from the
corporate center to the upstream and
downstream business divisions. While deep cuts were made to
capital budgets and the workforce,
employees at all levels were encouraged to take responsibility
and exercise decision-making
initiative. In 1992 David Simon was appointed CEO replacing
Robert Horton. Simon continued
Horton’s policy of cost cutting, especially in staffing.
9. The biggest changes during this period occurred in BPX, which
was led by John Browne. Building
upon his predecessors’ efforts, Browne, who envisioned
creating a spirit of entrepreneurship among
his staff, extended decision-making responsibilities to
employees at more levels in the organization.
Under the new strategy, decision-making authority and
responsibility for meeting performance targets
was no longer held by BP’s regional operating companies, but
by onsite asset managers.14 Asset
managers contracted with BP to meet certain performance
targets and extended this practice among
all employees working on a given site. Employee compensation
was tied to asset performance and the
overall performance of the site. The model, which was known as
an “asset federation,” was later
applied across the company after Browne took over as CEO in
1995.
One tradeoff with the asset federation model was that because
each site manager managed their
“asset” autonomously and was compensated for its performance,
there was little incentive to share
best practices on risk management among the various BP
exploration sites.15 There were also
downsides to a system in which a centralized body had little
oversight over the setting of performance
targets, particularly in an industry where risk management and
safety were essential to the long-term
success of an oil company. And BP had had its shares of safety
breaches.
12 John Roberts, “Organizing for Performance: How BP Did It,”
Stanford Business, February 2005.
10. 13 “BP After Horton,” The Economist, July 4, 1992.
14 Each physical well site was called an asset and the site
managers were “asset managers.”
15 David Apgar, “Time to Break BP Up,” The Globalist, June
22, 2010.
BP AND THE DEEPWATER HORIZON DISASTER OF 2010
Christina Ingersoll, Richard M. Locke, Cate Reavis
Rev. April 3, 2012 5
Safety Issues at BP
In the mid-2000s, disaster struck BP twice within a 12-month
period. The first happened on March
23, 2005 when an explosion at BP’s Texas City Refinery killed
15 people and injured another 180,
and resulted in financial losses exceeding $1.5 billion. BP
commissioned James Baker, a former U.S.
secretary of state and oil industry lawyer, to write an
investigative report on the Texas City tragedy.
One of the key findings highlighted in the Baker Report was
that the company had cut back on
maintenance and safety measures at the plant in order to curtail
costs, and that responsibility for the
explosion ultimately rested with company senior executives.16
Another concern outlined in the report was that while BP had
emphasized personal safety and
achieved significant improvements, the company “has
mistakenly interpreted improving personal
11. injury rates as an indication of acceptable process safety,
creating a false sense of confidence.”17 The
report goes on to state the following:
The Panel’s refinery-level interviews, the process safety culture
survey, and some BP documents
suggest that significant portions of the U.S. refinery workforce
do not believe that process safety
is a core value at BP. As many of the refinery interviewees
pointed out, and as some BP
documents and the process safety culture survey seem to
confirm, one of the reasons for this
belief is that BP’s executive and corporate refining management
have not communicated a
consistent and meaningful message about the importance of
process safety and a firm conviction
that process accidents are not acceptable. The inability of many
in the workforce to perceive a
consistent and meaningful corporate message about process
safety is easy to understand given the
number of “values” that BP articulates:
• BP’s 18 “Group values,” only one of which encompasses
health and safety—the
company’s broad, aspirational goal of “no accidents, no harm to
people, and no harm to
the environment.”
• Four “Brand values,” which BP claims, “underpin everything
we do”: being performance
driven, innovative, progressive, and green.
12. None of these relates to safety.
These messages to the BP workforce on so many values and
priorities contribute to a dilution of
the effectiveness of any management message on process safety.
This is consistent with a recent
observation from the organizational expert that BP retained
under the 2005 OSHA settlement
relating to Texas City: There appears to be no one, over-
arching, clearly-stated worksite policy at
Texas City, regardless of respondents’ answers. The BP stated
policy on health and safety, “no
16 James Baker et al., “The Report of the BP U.S. Refineries
Independent Safety Review Panel,” January 2007. pp. 82-85.
17 Ibid, p. 72.
BP AND THE DEEPWATER HORIZON DISASTER OF 2010
Christina Ingersoll, Richard M. Locke, Cate Reavis
Rev. April 3, 2012 6
accidents, no harm to people and no damage to the
environment” is not widely known at Texas
City and points to a weak connection between BP Texas City
and BP as a corporation. Safety
communication is viewed more as a function of particular
individuals in Texas City versus a BP-
wide commitment.
13. Until BP’s management, from the Group Chief Executive down
through the refinery
superintendents, consistently articulates a clear message on
process safety, it will be difficult to
persuade the refining workforce that BP is truly committed on a
long-term basis to process safety
excellence.18
In March 2006, as The Baker Report was being written, a
second disaster struck BP, this time in
Alaska’s Prudhoe Bay, where more than 200,000 gallons of oil
poured into the bay from a corroded
hole in the pipeline, making it the largest oil spill in Alaska.19
Inspectors found that several miles of
the steel pipe had corroded to dangerously thin levels. Alaskan
state regulators had been warning BP
since 2001 that its management procedures were out of
alignment with state regulations, and that
critical equipment needed to be better maintained.
BP took several actions in response to The Baker Report and
other reports, including one that was
overseen by John Mogford, a senior group vice president of
safety for BPX, on its safety. According
to Appendix F, a supplement to The Baker Report, these actions
included:
• Leadership visibility. John Browne, BP’s group chief
executive, met with the company’s top
200 leaders to stress BP’s commitment to safety and
communicate his expectations regarding
safety. Members of the new Safety and Operations organization
14. visited BP’s U.S. refineries
and gave presentations regarding the importance of process
safety and the importance of the
Mogford Report recommendations. Additionally, BP senior
managers have attended town
hall meetings with employees to discuss safety issues. The chief
executive, Refining and
Marketing, conducted meetings for all U.S. refining employees,
and the president of BP
America conducted meetings and sent written communications
to BP America employees
regarding safety issues.
• Review of employee concerns. BP appointed retired United
States District Judge Stanley
Sporkin to hear and review BP employee concerns.
• Auditing. The Safety and Operations organization is creating
an enhanced audit function,
including additional audit personnel and a number of external
hires. BP has listed audit-
finding closure as one element of a six-point plan for sustained
development. The new audit
group is developing enhanced audit protocols to better assess
actual operations against
applicable standards.
18 Ibid, p. 61.
19 Abrahm Lustgarten and Ryan Knutson, “Reports at BP over
Years Find History of Problems,” Washington Post, June 8,
2010.
BP AND THE DEEPWATER HORIZON DISASTER OF 2010
15. Christina Ingersoll, Richard M. Locke, Cate Reavis
Rev. April 3, 2012 7
• Resources for plant, equipment, and systems. BP has
announced that it has earmarked $7
billion over the next four years to upgrade all aspects of safety
at its U.S. refineries and to
repair and replace infield pipelines in Alaska. The company has
also announced $300 million
in funding and significant external input for process safety
management renewal in refining.
Though some of these changes were company-wide, many were
specific either to Texas City or the
refinery operations within BP.20 Still, BP executives clearly
realized that when it came to safety, there
was room for improvement.21 Between June 2007 and February
2010, 97% (829 of 851) of the willful
safety violations by an oil refinery handed down by the
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration went to two BP-owned refineries in Texas and
Ohio.22
The Macondo Well Project
The Macondo Prospect was located 52 miles south of the port of
Venice, Louisiana in the Gulf of
Mexico. At nearly 5,000 feet below sea level, the well
demonstrated great potential for extracting oil,
but was also somewhat hazardous. Natural gas levels were high
in the reservoirs, which made drilling
16. challenging.23
Drilling in deep water and ultra-deep water24 started to become
economically profitable and
technically feasible on a large scale in the mid-2000s, due to
higher world prices for crude oil and
improvements in drilling technology. The number of deep water
rigs in the Gulf of Mexico increased
from just three in 1992 to 36 in 2008.25 Because of the
complexities of deep water operations, creating
a productive deep water oil field was extremely expensive
compared to shallow water oil drilling. But
the potential payoff was enticing. A well producing in shallow
water might yield a few thousand
barrels of oil a day. By contrast, deep water wells could yield
more than 10,000 barrels per day.26
BP acquired the rights to the Macondo Prospect from the U.S.
Minerals Management Service in
March of 2009.27 As the oil industry regulator, the MMS issued
permits to oil companies wanting to
drill on U.S. land or in U.S. waters. In exchange, it received
royalty revenue from oil companies. BP
was the principal developer and operator of the prospect and
held a 65% financial share in the
project.28 While BP maintained operational decision-making
authority, Transocean employees, who
performed the majority of the work on the rig, had some
decision-making authority over operations
20 Baker Report Appendix F – BP post Texas City Measures. p.
F-1.
21The BP U.S. Refineries Independent Safety Review Panel,
2007.
17. 22 Pierre Thomas, Lisa A. Jones, Jack Cloherty, and Jason
Ryan, “BP’s Dismal Safety Record,” ABC World News, May
27, 2010.
23
http://www.deepwaterinvestigation.com/external/content/docum
ent/3043/856507/1/7-23-10.pdf p. 70.
24 “Ultra-deep water” is considered water 5000 or more feet
below sea level.
25Lesley D. Nixon et al, “Deepwater Gulf of Mexico 2009:
Interim Report of 2008 Highlights,” OCS Report (New Orleans:
U.S. Department of the Interior
Minerals Management Service Gulf of Mexico OCS Region),
May 2009.
26 Fred H. Bartlit, Jr., Chief Counsel, National Commission on
the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling.
Macondo Gulf Oil Disaster Chief
Counsel’s Report 2011, February 17, 2011.
27 “Macondo,” SUBSEAIQ,
(http://www.subseaiq.com/Data/Project.aspx?project_Id=562)
accessed October 10, 2010.
28 BP’s financial partners for Macondo were Texas-based
Anadarko Petroleum Corporation which owned a 25% share, and
MOEX Offshore 2007, a unit of
Japan-based Mitsui, which owned a 10% share.
BP AND THE DEEPWATER HORIZON DISASTER OF 2010
Christina Ingersoll, Richard M. Locke, Cate Reavis
Rev. April 3, 2012 8
and maintenance. BP started drilling the Macondo well in
October of 2009. Drilling, however, was
18. interrupted in the aftermath of Hurricane Ida. BP commenced
drilling on February 3, 2010 leasing
Transocean’s Deepwater Horizon rig.29
Transocean charged BP approximately $500,000 per day to lease
the rig, plus roughly the same
amount in contractor fees.30 BP originally estimated that
drilling the Macondo well would take 51
days and cost approximately $96 million. By April 20, 2010 the
rig was already on its 80th day on
location and had far exceeded its original budget. 31
The Deepwater Horizon Rig
The Deepwater Horizon rig came with a long list of
maintenance issues. In September 2009, BP
conducted a safety audit on the rig, which was in use at another
BP drilling site at the time. The audit
identified 390 repairs that needed immediate attention and
would require more than 3,500 hours of
labor to fix.32 It was later learned that the Deepwater Horizon
had not gone to dry-dock for nine years
previous to the disaster and never stopped working at any point
between the September 2009 audit
and April 20, 2010.33
As Transocean’s Chief Electronics Technician Mike Williams
experienced, the crew had to be adept
at developing workarounds in order to maintain the function of
the rig. Williams was responsible for
maintaining the Drilling Chairs — the three oversight computers
that controlled the drilling
technology. These computers, operating on a mid-1990s era
Windows NT operating system, would
frequently freeze. If Chair A went down the driller would have
to go to Chair B in order to maintain
19. control of the well. If somehow all three chairs went down at
once, the drill would be completely out
of control.34 Williams frequently reported the software
problems and the need to have them fixed.35
Despite the hazards of the Macondo well site, the known
maintenance issues on the rig, and the
setbacks that had caused the project to be over budget, BP felt
confident that it had found oil.
However, since the Deepwater Horizon was an exploratory
vessel, the crew was under orders to close
the well temporarily36 and return later with another rig to
extract the oil.
29 “Macondo,” SUBSEAIQ,
(http://www.subseaiq.com/Data/Project.aspx?project_Id=562)
accessed October 10, 2010.
30 Ben Casselman and Russell Gold, “BP Decisions Set Stage
for Disaster,” Wall Street Journal, May 27, 2010.
31 BP, GOM Exploration Wells Me 252 #1 - Macondo Prospect
Well information (Sept 2009) (BP-HZN-CEC008714)
(http://energycommerce.house.gov/documents/20100614).
32 Robbie Brown, “After Another Close Call, Transocean
Changed the Rules,” The New York Times, August 16, 2010.
33 Ibid; Testimony from Michael Williams, The Joint United
States Coast Guard/The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management,
“FUSCG/BOEM Marine Board of
Investigation into the marine casualty, explosion, fire,
pollution, and sinking of mobile offshore drilling unit
deepwater horizon, with loss of life in the Gulf of
Mexico 21-22 April 2010,” Transcript, July 23, 2010, p. 153.
34 Ibid, pp. 42-44.
35 Ibid, pp. 98-102.
36 “Temporary abandonment” is the industry term for
temporarily closing but not plugging a well.
20. BP AND THE DEEPWATER HORIZON DISASTER OF 2010
Christina Ingersoll, Richard M. Locke, Cate Reavis
Rev. April 3, 2012 9
Anatomy of a Disaster
While the process of closing a well is always complex, closing
the Macondo well proved particularly
so due to competing interests of cost, time and safety, as well as
the number of people and
organizations involved in the decision-making process. (See
Exhibit 1.) As one example, 11
companies37 played a role in the construction of the casing38
for the Macondo well, all with different
responsibilities for various aspects of setting the well.
Halliburton, for instance, was responsible for
cement-related decisions, although many of these decisions
were contingent on decisions made by BP
managers on well design.
Adding to the complexities of decision making on the
Deepwater Horizon was the fact that many of
BP’s decision makers for the Macondo well had only been in
their positions for a short time before
disaster struck. See Figure 1.
Figure 1 Deepwater Horizon Chain of Command
Note: Exhibit 2 is a corrected version based on court
21. testimonies that includes full names and titles.
Source: BP as presented at the hearings of the US Coast Guard
and the Interior Department’s Bureau of Ocean Management,
Regulation and Enforcement, August 26, 2010.
As the Deepwater Horizon Disaster was dissected in various
public forums, questions arose as to
whether, in concert with the chaotic mix of decision makers,
three key decisions on closing the
Macondo well played a role in the downing of the 33,000 ton oil
rig. (U.S. Congressional
Representatives Henry Waxman and Bart Stupak called out
these decisions in a letter dated June 14,
2010 to BP CEO Tony Hayward just days before his testimony
before the Subcommittee on
Oversight and Investigations. See Exhibit 3.)
37 BP, Weatherford, Hydril, Allamon, Blackhawk, Halliburton,
Schlumberger, Sperry, M-I SWACO, Nexen, and K&B.
38 Casing is the lining of the drilled well hole. Ensuring a
sound casing is essential to preventing any oil or gas leakage
and maintaining the well as a resource
for future oil production.
Name Title Days/Months in Position
Patrick O’Bryan VP, Drilling and
Completions, Gulf
of Mexico
3 months
22. David Rich Wells Manager 6 months
David Sims Drilling Operations
Manager
18 days
Robert Kaluza Well Site Leader 4 days
Greg Walz Drilling
Engineering Team
Leader
18 days (took David …