The document summarizes the 10 plagues that God brought upon Egypt in order to convince Pharaoh to free the Israelite slaves, as recounted in Exodus 5-12. The plagues included turning the Nile river into blood, filling the land with frogs, gnats, flies, killing livestock, inflicting the Egyptians with boils, and hail, locusts, darkness, and finally the death of the firstborn sons. Each plague was more severe than the last, and Pharaoh's heart was hardened further until after the tenth plague he finally agreed to let the Israelites go.

1. The 10 Plagues
Exodus chapters 5-12

2. God demonstrates his power…
! Beginning of the curses: Ex. 5:1–9, 7:8–13
Moses and Aaron approached the Pharaoh, and to deliver
God's demand that the Israelite slaves be allowed to leave
Egypt so that they could worship God freely. After an
initial refusal by the Pharaoh, God sent Moses and Aaron
back to show him a miraculous sign of warning –
Aaron's rod turned into a serpent. Pharaoh's sorcerers
also turned their staffs into snakes, but Aaron's then
proceeded to swallow theirs before turning back into a
staff.

3. 1. Plague of blood (‫:)ָדם‬ Ex. 7:14–25
! “ This is what the LORD says: By this you will know
that I am the LORD: With the staff that is in my hand
I will strike the water of the Nile, and it will be changed
into blood. The fish in the Nile will die, and the river
will stink and thus the Egyptians will not be able to
drink its water. ” — Exodus 7:17–18

4. 2. Plague of frogs ( ‫צ‬ְּ‫ְַרד‬‫פ‬ֵּ‫ע‬ַ‫ע‬ֵּ‫ד‬‫ְַר‬‫פ‬ְּ‫צ‬): Ex. 7:25–8:11
“ This is what the great LORD says: Let
my people go, so that they may worship
me. If you refuse to let them go, I will
plague your whole country with frogs. The
Nile will teem with frogs. They will come
up into your palace and your bedroom and
onto your bed, into the houses of your
officials and on your people, and into your
ovens and kneading troughs. The frogs will
go up on you and your people and all your
officials. ” — Exodus 8:1–4

5. 3. Plague of lice or gnats ( ‫כ‬ִּ‫נ‬ִּ‫ים‬ ): Ex.
8:12–15
! “ Then the LORD said […] "Stretch out thy rod, and smite the dust
of the land, that it may become lice throughout all the land of
Egypt." […] When Aaron stretched out his hand with the staff and
struck the dust of the ground, gnats came upon men and animals.
All the dust throughout the land of Egypt became lice. ” — Exodus
8:16–17

6. 4. Plague of flies or wild animals
(‫ָרֹוב‬‫ע‬): Ex. 8:20–32
! “ This is what the LORD says: Let my people go, so that they may
worship me. If you do not let my people go, I will send swarms of
flies upon you and your officials, on your people and into your
houses. The houses of the Egyptians will be full of flies, and even the
ground where they are. ” — Exodus 8:20–21

7. 5. Plague of pestilence ( ‫ד‬ֶּ‫ֶר‬‫ב‬ ): Ex. 9:1–7
Death of Livestock
! “ This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: "Let my
people go, so that they may worship me." If you refuse to let them go
and continue to hold them back, the hand of the LORD will bring a
terrible plague on your livestock in the field—on your horses and
donkeys and camels and on your cattle and sheep and goats. ” —
Exodus 9:1–3

8. 6. Plague of boils ( ‫ש‬ְׁ‫ִין‬‫ח‬ ): Ex. 9:8–12

9. 7. Plague of hail ( ‫ב‬ָּ‫ָרד‬ ): Ex. 9:13–35

10. 8. Plague of locusts ( ‫ְַרב‬‫א‬ֶּ‫ה‬ ): Ex. 10:1–20

11. 9. Plague of darkness (‫ֶך‬‫ש‬‫:)חֹו‬ Ex. 10:21–29

12. 10. Death of the firstborn ( ‫ַכ‬‫מ‬ַּ‫ת‬‫ב‬ְּ‫כֹורֹות‬ ): Ex. 11:1–12:36