The document summarizes the 10 plagues that God brought upon Egypt as recorded in Exodus 7-11. It describes each plague and notes how they progressively increased in severity. It also discusses how Pharaoh's heart was hardened and he refused to let the Israelites go despite the plagues, and how the plagues demonstrated God's power over the gods of Egypt. The final and most severe plague was the death of the firstborn, after which Pharaoh finally allowed the Israelites to depart.

1. EXODUS 7-11
The Plagues
against
Egypt
Dr. Pothana

2. Exodus 7:1
Then the LORD said to Moses, “See, I
make you as God to Pharaoh, and your
brother Aaron shall be your prophet.”

3. Exodus 7:2-3
“You shall speak all that I command
you, and your brother Aaron shall speak to
Pharaoh that he let the sons of Israel go out
of his land. 3 But I will harden Pharaoh's
heart that I may multiply My signs and My
wonders in the land of Egypt.

4. Exodus 7:4-5
“When Pharaoh does not listen to
you, then I will lay My hand on Egypt and
bring out My hosts, My people the sons of
Israel, from the land of Egypt by great
judgments. 5 The Egyptians shall know that
I am the LORD, when I
stretch out My hand on
Egypt and bring out the
sons of Israel from their
midst.”

5. Romans 9:17-18
For the Scripture says to Pharaoh,
“For this very purpose I raised you up, to
demonstrate my power in you, and that My
name might be proclaimed throughout the
whole earth.”
So then He has mercy
on whom He desires, and He
hardens whom He desires.

6. God: “I will harden
Pharaoh’s heart.”
Pharaoh’s heart was
hardened
Pharaoh hardened his
heart
The Lord hardened
Pharaoh’s heart
Exodus 4:21; 7:3; 14:4;
14:17
Exodus 7:13; 7:22; 8:19;
9:7; 9:35
Exodus 8:15; 8:32; 9:34
Exodus 9:12; 10:20; 10:27;
11:10; 14:8
Exodus 10:1
God: “I have hardened
Pharaoh’s heart.”
The Hardening of
Pharaoh’s heart

7. Exodus 7:10
So Moses and Aaron came to
Pharaoh, and thus they did just as the
LORD had commanded; and Aaron threw
his staff down before Pharaoh and his
servants, and it became a serpent.

8. Exodus 7:11-12
Then Pharaoh also called for the
wise men and the sorcerers, and they also,
the magicians of Egypt, did the same with
their secret arts. 12 For each one threw
down his staff and they turned into
serpents. But Aaron's staff swallowed up
their staffs.

9. Exodus 7:13
Yet Pharaoh's heart was hardened,
and he did not listen to them, as the LORD
had said.

10. Nile into Blood
Frogs
Lice
Insects
Cattle
Boils
Hail
Locusts
Darkness
Death of Firstborn
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Plagues
Fall upon
everyone
in Egypt
Fall only
upon
the
Egyptians
Extent
Loathsome
Destructive
beyond
anything
previously
known
Extent
Painful

11. The Nile turned to Blood
• The Centrality of the Nile
• The Magicians (7:22)
• A Lifeline of Blood
The First Plague

12. Frogs
• A Picture of
Multiplication
• A Picture of
Uncleanliness
• The Repetition of
the Magicians
The Second Plague

13. Gnats
• A Picture of Multiplication
• The Failure of the Magicians
The Third Plague
The magicians tried with their secret
arts to bring forth gnats, but they
could not; so there were gnats on man
and beast. (Exodus 8:18)

14. Exodus 8:18-19
The magicians tried with their secret
arts to bring forth gnats, but they could not;
so there were gnats on man and beast. 19
Then the magicians said to Pharaoh, “This
is the finger of God.” But Pharaoh’s heart
was hardened, and he did not listen to
them, as the LORD had said.

15. Luke 11:15-20
15 But some of them said, “He casts
out demons by Beelzebul, the ruler of the
demons.”
18 “If Satan also is divided against
himself, how will his kingdom stand? For
you say that I cast out demons by
Beelzebul. 19 And if I by Beelzebul cast out
demons, by whom do your sons cast them
out? So they will be your judges. 20 But if I
cast out demons by the finger of God, then
the kingdom of God has come upon you.”

16. Exodus 8:18-19
The magicians tried with their secret
arts to bring forth gnats, but they could not;
so there were gnats on man and beast. 19
Then the magicians said to Pharaoh, “This
is the finger of God.” But Pharaoh’s heart
was hardened, and he did not listen to
them, as the LORD had said.

17. Insects
• Another Picture of Multiplication
• A distinction between Goshen and Egypt
The Fourth Plague
But on that day I will set apart the land of
Goshen, where My people are living, so that no
swarms of insects will be there, in order that
you may know that I, the LORD, am in the midst
of the land. 23 I will put a division between My
people and your people. Tomorrow this sign will
occur. (Exodus 8:22-23)

18. Cattle
• Symbols of Deity
• A Judgment against the Economy
The Fifth Plague

19. Boils
• A Judgment upon Man and Beast
• The Impotency of the Magicians
The Sixth Plague
The magicians could not stand
before Moses because of the
boils, for the boils were on the
magicians as well as on all the
Egyptians. (Exodus 9:11).

20. Hail
• The Climate
of Egypt
• A Judgment
from Heaven
• A way of
escape
The Seventh Plague
The one among the servants
of Pharaoh who feared the
word of the LORD made his
servants and his livestock flee
into the houses; 21 but he who
paid no regard to the word of
the LORD left his servants and
his livestock in the field.
(Exodus 9:20-21)

21. Locusts
• Devastation against the Crops
• A Picture of God’s Judgment
The Eighth Plague

22. Exodus 10:13
So Moses stretched out his staff over
the land of Egypt, and the LORD directed
an east wind on the land all that day and all
s
that night; and when
it was morning, the
east wind brought
the locusts.

23. Exodus 10:19
So the LORD shifted the wind to a
very strong west wind which took up the
locusts and drove them into the Red Sea;
not one locust was
left in all the territory
of Egypt.

24. Pharaoh’s attempts to Negotiate
• Pharaoh makes several offers:
– Sacrifice to God here in Egypt (8:25).
– Don’t go very far away (8:28).
– Only the men can go (10:10-11).
– Don’t take your flocks or herds (10:24).
• Pharaoh’s repeated capitulations are not a
sign of true repentance. He only wishes to
avoid judgment apart from any real change.
• Pharaoh wants to remain lord.

25. Darkness
• An Unnatural
Event
• A Picture of
Spiritual
Darkness
• The Darkness
of the Cross
The Ninth Plague
So Moses stretched out his
hand toward the sky, and there
was thick darkness in all the
land of Egypt for three days. 23
They did not see one another,
nor did anyone rise from his
place for three days, but all the
sons of Israel had light in their
dwellings. (Exodus 10:22-23)

26. Death of the Firstborn
• A Universal Plague
• A Way of Salvation
• Christ our Passover
The Tenth Plague