1. You serve as an outside director for the Supplies, a multi-billio.pdf
•
0 likes•1 view
1. You serve as an outside director for the Supplies, a multi-billion dollar enterprise. You have been assigned to the Compensation Committee, which is being formed in response to outside pressure from shareholders. You note the following. First, activist organizations like CALPERS have a strong bias towards using options as an incentive compensation for management. Second, there are a number of scandals involving the use of options for compensation. Please discuss the policy arguments for aligning the compensation for the top-level executives to the future performance of the company, and reconcile if possible the two items noted above. 2. You are head of a committee that is evaluating whether your firm should change its state of incorporation. Currently, you are incorporated in a state that does not have much protection from takeovers, and the state you are evaluating has very strong anti-takeover laws. These laws make it very difficult for the company to be taken over by other companies. You are finding that many of your investors are strongly opposed to the move, while the CEO and upper management seem in favor. What can explain these two opposing positions? Solution The policy arguments for aligning the compensation for the top - level executives to the future performance of the company by way of stock options are as follows: 1. It gives a sense of ownership to the employees. 2. If the business is doing well, it will reflect in the share price and thus lead to profits and financial gains for the employees. 3. Generally stocks have a minimum vesting period and this leads to lower attrition as employees hold on till the options can be exercised, otherwise there will be loss of profit. 4. It helps the companee in avoiding direct payment of cash for compensation and the employee is also satisfied by the profits or the scope of profits from the options. 5. To avoid manupulation, strict adherance is rquired in not granting stock options back dated so as to avoid any employee making gains before a stock has appreciated. 2. The CEO and upper management is of the view to change the state of incorporation so that their position and company is secured and not asy to overtake. Their objective is to keep the company safe and keep theor rights. Changing the state of icorporation, gives them a comfort that under any circumstances, there cannot be a hostile takeover also and the mangement will still be in there hands. The investors on the other hand, want to achieve maximum appreciatin on their investment and hence, if in the future a better management is looking to take over the company, the investors would we willing for that decision..
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
238896357 corporate-finance
The document discusses corporate finance and financial management. It introduces corporate finance as the process of planning and controlling a firm's financial resources, including procuring funds and utilizing them efficiently. It describes the role of the financial manager in coordinating treasury, accounting, and other financial functions to make decisions regarding long-term capital budgeting and investments, capital structure and financing, and working capital management. It also outlines different forms of business organization including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations.
Need help please writting this essay.The number one reason for a.pdf
The document discusses maximizing shareholder value as the primary goal of a corporation. It examines what determines shareholder value, including short-term versus long-term results and balancing shareholder and societal interests. Conflicts can arise between managers and shareholders, and debt holders have a different perspective than shareholders. Management, shareholders, and debt holders all have stakes in the corporation, but sometimes their interests do not fully align.
Finance Assignment Help by EssayCorp Experts in Australia
Finance assignments assist students with understanding resource the board, inspecting, assessment and influence the executives and accordingly, the creation of cost-based choices. Understudies regularly need money task tests for contextual investigations and reports, which are the most widely recognized among account assignments.
Pledge (and Hedge) Allegiance to the Company
Some executives who accumulate a substantial ownership position in the company hedge or pledge their shares to limit their financial risk. Should the board of directors allow this to occur?
M01 gitm4380 13_e_im_c01
This document provides an overview of Chapter 1 from the textbook "Principles of Managerial Finance". The chapter introduces the field of finance and explores career opportunities. It describes different business organizations and the relationship between parties in a corporation. It defines the managerial finance function and differentiates it from economics and accounting. It summarizes the key activities of financial managers as financial analysis and planning, investment decisions, and financing decisions. It discusses the goals of maximizing shareholder wealth and preserving stakeholder wealth through ethics. It also covers the agency problem between managers and owners.
Answer A The financial executive in a small business is a key dec.pdf
Answer A :
The financial executive in a small business is a key decision maker, often the second most
important decision maker in the organization besides the owner. He makes daily decisions that
affect the company’s cash position and its overall financial health -- including the company’s
ability to grow and expand
Dealing With Cash Shortages:
A financial Executive at times may be faced with difficult choices because the company does not
have sufficient cash available to pay important expenses. He may have to choose, for example,
between making a tax payment on time and making a loan payment on time. Missing the tax
payment can result in the company being charged penalties and interest. Missing the loan
payment could jeopardize the company’s relationship with a lender that the business owner
hoped to obtain additional financing from in the future.
Short-Run Vision
A financial Executive’s natural conservatism -- wanting to make sure the company always has
sufficient cash -- can cause him to recommend against expenditures that would allow the
company to take advantage of opportunities for growth. He may urge the business owner to not
proceed with an acquisition opportunity that has been presented to the company because he
believes from a financial standpoint that the company cannot afford the cost of the acquisition.
Investment Decisions:
The financial executive to support Financial Manager’s is in charge of investing the company’s
accumulated cash -- its net profit after expenses have been paid. As with personal investing, he
must choose between safe investments with little upside potential and those that could appreciate
in value but carry the risk of loss of principal in a stock market downturn. Erring on the side of
caution can result in the company earning less on its investments than the owner of the company
would expect.
Overreaction to Business Downturns
When the company experiences a sales downturn, the Financial Executive may convince the
business owner that drastic steps to conserve cash are required, such as laying off personnel or
cutting the marketing manager’s budget. The latter decision can result in accelerating a sales
decline. Layoffs can drain valuable talent from the organization and cause a general decline in
morale.
Receivables and Payables Policies
A standard financial management principle is to collect receivables due to the company as
quickly as possible and to pay invoices owed to vendors as slowly as is feasible. If the Financial
Executive is over zealous in his collection efforts with customers who are paying slowly, he can
damage customer relationships that have been carefully nurtured by the business owner and the
marketing department. Similarly, his decision to delay payables as long as possible can cause
vendors to demand stricter terms on future orders -- including prepayment.
Capital Structure
Many companies require outside capital -- debt or equity -- to fund the growth of the business.
The Financial Executi.
3. Corporate Gevernance & Strategy.ppt
The document discusses corporate governance and strategies for maximizing shareholder wealth. It notes that while managers are tasked with pursuing strategies in the best interest of shareholders, their personal goals may instead prioritize job security, power, and salary. A number of governance mechanisms aim to ensure managers do not pursue self-interest over shareholders, including stockholder meetings, boards of directors, and stock-based compensation linking manager pay to share price. The takeover market also constrains managers from underperforming financially. Strategic decisions have ethical dimensions, and companies should establish ethical climates through leadership, mission statements, and incentive systems. When evaluating strategies, managers should consider stakeholder impacts, moral principles, and long-term profit versus other concerns
Principle of finance (note)
This document provides an overview of key concepts from several finance chapters. It includes definitions of finance, the three major financial decisions of investment, financing, and asset management. It also discusses why wealth maximization rather than profit maximization should be the main goal of a firm. Key concepts like agency problem, how it is solved, corporate social responsibility, risk and return, types of risk, and attitudes toward risk are summarized. The document is a study guide providing questions and answers on these topics from various textbook chapters.
Recommended
238896357 corporate-finance
The document discusses corporate finance and financial management. It introduces corporate finance as the process of planning and controlling a firm's financial resources, including procuring funds and utilizing them efficiently. It describes the role of the financial manager in coordinating treasury, accounting, and other financial functions to make decisions regarding long-term capital budgeting and investments, capital structure and financing, and working capital management. It also outlines different forms of business organization including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations.
Need help please writting this essay.The number one reason for a.pdf
The document discusses maximizing shareholder value as the primary goal of a corporation. It examines what determines shareholder value, including short-term versus long-term results and balancing shareholder and societal interests. Conflicts can arise between managers and shareholders, and debt holders have a different perspective than shareholders. Management, shareholders, and debt holders all have stakes in the corporation, but sometimes their interests do not fully align.
Finance Assignment Help by EssayCorp Experts in Australia
Finance assignments assist students with understanding resource the board, inspecting, assessment and influence the executives and accordingly, the creation of cost-based choices. Understudies regularly need money task tests for contextual investigations and reports, which are the most widely recognized among account assignments.
Pledge (and Hedge) Allegiance to the Company
Some executives who accumulate a substantial ownership position in the company hedge or pledge their shares to limit their financial risk. Should the board of directors allow this to occur?
M01 gitm4380 13_e_im_c01
This document provides an overview of Chapter 1 from the textbook "Principles of Managerial Finance". The chapter introduces the field of finance and explores career opportunities. It describes different business organizations and the relationship between parties in a corporation. It defines the managerial finance function and differentiates it from economics and accounting. It summarizes the key activities of financial managers as financial analysis and planning, investment decisions, and financing decisions. It discusses the goals of maximizing shareholder wealth and preserving stakeholder wealth through ethics. It also covers the agency problem between managers and owners.
Answer A The financial executive in a small business is a key dec.pdf
Answer A :
The financial executive in a small business is a key decision maker, often the second most
important decision maker in the organization besides the owner. He makes daily decisions that
affect the company’s cash position and its overall financial health -- including the company’s
ability to grow and expand
Dealing With Cash Shortages:
A financial Executive at times may be faced with difficult choices because the company does not
have sufficient cash available to pay important expenses. He may have to choose, for example,
between making a tax payment on time and making a loan payment on time. Missing the tax
payment can result in the company being charged penalties and interest. Missing the loan
payment could jeopardize the company’s relationship with a lender that the business owner
hoped to obtain additional financing from in the future.
Short-Run Vision
A financial Executive’s natural conservatism -- wanting to make sure the company always has
sufficient cash -- can cause him to recommend against expenditures that would allow the
company to take advantage of opportunities for growth. He may urge the business owner to not
proceed with an acquisition opportunity that has been presented to the company because he
believes from a financial standpoint that the company cannot afford the cost of the acquisition.
Investment Decisions:
The financial executive to support Financial Manager’s is in charge of investing the company’s
accumulated cash -- its net profit after expenses have been paid. As with personal investing, he
must choose between safe investments with little upside potential and those that could appreciate
in value but carry the risk of loss of principal in a stock market downturn. Erring on the side of
caution can result in the company earning less on its investments than the owner of the company
would expect.
Overreaction to Business Downturns
When the company experiences a sales downturn, the Financial Executive may convince the
business owner that drastic steps to conserve cash are required, such as laying off personnel or
cutting the marketing manager’s budget. The latter decision can result in accelerating a sales
decline. Layoffs can drain valuable talent from the organization and cause a general decline in
morale.
Receivables and Payables Policies
A standard financial management principle is to collect receivables due to the company as
quickly as possible and to pay invoices owed to vendors as slowly as is feasible. If the Financial
Executive is over zealous in his collection efforts with customers who are paying slowly, he can
damage customer relationships that have been carefully nurtured by the business owner and the
marketing department. Similarly, his decision to delay payables as long as possible can cause
vendors to demand stricter terms on future orders -- including prepayment.
Capital Structure
Many companies require outside capital -- debt or equity -- to fund the growth of the business.
The Financial Executi.
3. Corporate Gevernance & Strategy.ppt
The document discusses corporate governance and strategies for maximizing shareholder wealth. It notes that while managers are tasked with pursuing strategies in the best interest of shareholders, their personal goals may instead prioritize job security, power, and salary. A number of governance mechanisms aim to ensure managers do not pursue self-interest over shareholders, including stockholder meetings, boards of directors, and stock-based compensation linking manager pay to share price. The takeover market also constrains managers from underperforming financially. Strategic decisions have ethical dimensions, and companies should establish ethical climates through leadership, mission statements, and incentive systems. When evaluating strategies, managers should consider stakeholder impacts, moral principles, and long-term profit versus other concerns
Principle of finance (note)
This document provides an overview of key concepts from several finance chapters. It includes definitions of finance, the three major financial decisions of investment, financing, and asset management. It also discusses why wealth maximization rather than profit maximization should be the main goal of a firm. Key concepts like agency problem, how it is solved, corporate social responsibility, risk and return, types of risk, and attitudes toward risk are summarized. The document is a study guide providing questions and answers on these topics from various textbook chapters.
Role Of Financial Management
The document provides an overview of financial management. It discusses the three main decision areas that financial managers deal with: investment decisions, financing decisions, and asset management decisions. It also explains that the goal of financial management is to maximize shareholder wealth by increasing the share price through both current and future profits in a way that accounts for risk. Additionally, it covers topics such as agency theory, corporate governance, and the roles and responsibilities of key financial positions within an organization.
Chapter 1 - the role of financial management
The document provides an overview of financial management. It discusses the three main decision areas that financial managers deal with: investment decisions, financing decisions, and asset management decisions. It also explains that the goal of financial management is to maximize shareholder wealth by increasing share price. Additionally, it covers topics such as agency theory, corporate governance, and the roles and responsibilities of key financial positions within an organization.
Rights of share holders’ of a company
1. Common shareholders have six main rights: voting power on major issues, ownership in a portion of the company, the right to transfer ownership, entitlement to dividends, opportunity to inspect corporate books and records, and the right to sue for wrongful acts.
2. In addition to these six rights, corporate governance policies are also important in determining how a company treats shareholders.
3. A shareholder rights plan outlines what actions a company's board can take to protect shareholder interests, such as exercising rights if another entity acquires a certain percentage of shares in an attempt to take over the company.
Solutions_Manual_Fundamentals_of_Corpora.pdf
This document provides answers to questions about corporate finance fundamentals. It discusses key topics like capital budgeting, capital structure, and working capital management. The answers describe things like the advantages and disadvantages of different business forms, the goals of for-profit versus not-for-profit organizations, and how agency problems can arise between managers and shareholders. The document also addresses questions about financial statements, taxes, cash flow, and issues like executive compensation.
Introduction to business finance by Ayesha Noor
Here is an introduction to what business finance is and what are the roles and responsibilities of financial manager. Includes various other business related terms.
Unit 3
The document discusses different types of business organizations including sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, franchises, cooperatives, nonprofits, and professional organizations. It outlines the key advantages and disadvantages of each type. For example, sole proprietorships have unlimited liability for owners but are easy to start up, while corporations have limited liability for owners but are more complex and expensive to form. The document also covers topics like labor trends, unions, and factors that impact wages.
Business Law (1).pdf
The document discusses various topics related to business law and financing including equity capital, loans, bankruptcy, and shareholder rights. It provides examples of financing methods like issuing bonds or shares. Alternative dispute resolution methods like arbitration and mediation are also discussed as alternatives to resolving legal issues compared to traditional court litigation. Overall, the document touches on a wide range of legal and financial concepts related to operating and funding businesses.
Dividend Decision
The document discusses different perspectives on corporate dividend policy. It outlines the facts about dividend payouts including types of dividends and how they are distributed. It then discusses two schools of thought on dividends: the dividend irrelevance theory proposed by Miller and Modigliani, which argues that dividends do not affect firm value; and the good-bad signaling theory, which posits that dividends can signal management confidence or financial health. The document also notes the increasing trend of share repurchases compared to dividends and debates whether repurchases or dividends are better for investors.
Facebook Inc: A Look at corporate governance Case Study
Facebook uses a mix of cash and equity compensation for its executives. Mark Zuckerberg, as the founder and CEO, has majority voting control over the company due to his ownership of class B shares, which give him around 53-60% of total voting power. As a controlled company, Facebook is not required to have an independent board or compensation committee. However, the company's board is still majority independent and holds meetings without management present. The fact that median Facebook employee pay is over $240,000 could impact corporate governance by prompting public discussions, increasing pressure to raise standard employee pay, and forcing the board to steadily increase compensation.
Chapter 3
This document discusses entrepreneurship and the principles, concepts, factors, types, and characteristics of different forms of business ownership. It also compares the advantages and disadvantages of sole proprietorships, partnerships, and companies. The key forms of business ownership covered are sole proprietorships, partnerships, and companies. Sole proprietorships are easy to start but have unlimited liability. Partnerships allow for more resources but can be unstable. Companies have the most access to capital but more regulatory requirements. The document also outlines the procedure for registering a new business, including choosing a name, business plan, licenses, and form of ownership.
CO3OrganizationalPl kijuidfu0dsgmsu0vmg0imrg8eu
This document discusses different organizational structures for businesses, including proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. It compares key aspects of each like ownership, liability, costs, continuity, capital requirements, and attractiveness for raising capital. The three main legal forms are compared in detail on these factors. The document also discusses designing an organization, including structure, selection criteria, training, and rewards. It outlines the duties of boards of directors and advisors and how they can support a growing business.
Advantages Disadvantages of JSC.pptx
This topic cover all the advantages and Disadvantages of Joint stock company in very easy language and reasonable examples
The-Management-of-Employee-Benefits-and-Services.pptx
The document discusses employee benefits and fringe benefits. It defines fringe benefits as non-monetary compensation beyond regular salaries and wages that contribute to improved work conditions and motivate employees. Benefits are classified as statutory benefits mandated by law or company benefits granted voluntarily. The objectives, philosophy, types, management, and evaluation of benefits programs are explained. Strategies for implementation include cost control, staffing adjustments, and communicating benefits to match employee demographics.
Trimming the Hedges
This document discusses shareholder activism and Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz's proposed bylaw prohibiting "golden leash" payments from activists to director nominees. It summarizes key terminology related to shareholder activism, such as hedge funds, proxy battles, and devices used by activists. While some activism has benefitted target companies, the bylaw aims to address concerns that activist-nominated directors may push for riskier strategies to increase compensation. The document concludes by arguing corporations should resist adopting such bylaws absent evidence that activists consistently harm long-term growth.
Dividend Policy and Procedure
This ppt is prepared to make familiar with the dividend policy which includes Types of Dividend policy, Procedure for declaring dividend, Why do companies declare dividend
Dividend Decisions
This document discusses factors that affect a company's dividend decision. It identifies 11 key factors: legal provisions, magnitude of earnings, shareholders' desires, industry nature, company age, taxation policy, control factors, liquidity position, future requirements, agency costs, and business risk. These factors influence a company's ability to pay dividends and how much it should pay out versus retaining earnings. The document also briefly outlines relevance and irrelevance theories of dividend decisions.
Discussion 1
This document provides an introduction to contemporary managerial finance. It discusses the goal of financial management, which is to maximize the value of owners' equity for for-profit organizations. It also examines agency problems that can arise between shareholders and managers due to conflicting interests. The document outlines different forms of business organization and notes that as businesses grow, the corporate form allows for easier raising of capital. It describes the role of the financial manager is to make decisions that increase stock value for shareholders.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT FINANCE
The document discusses the key concepts of financial management. It defines financial management as planning, organizing, and controlling financial activities such as procuring and using funds. The four main functions of financial management are discussed as:
1) Investment decisions, which involve capital budgeting and determining asset allocation.
2) Financing decisions, which involve determining optimal capital structure and sources of long-term financing.
3) Dividend decisions, which involve determining how much profits to distribute vs retain.
4) Working capital management, which involves managing day-to-day finances like collections and payments. The goal of financial management is to maximize the value of the firm.
Business organizations
This document discusses different types of business organizations including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. It provides details on the key characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of each:
1) Sole proprietorships are owned and managed by one person and make up most small businesses. They are easy to start but provide limited financial resources and liability falls solely on the owner.
2) Partnerships involve two or more owners who combine resources. They allow for more management participation and larger financial resources than sole proprietorships but also risk conflicts between partners and dissolution if a partner leaves.
3) Corporations are legal entities separate from their owners. They can raise large amounts of capital through selling stock but take more effort to
What Is a Dividend and How Do They Work?
Dividends are a fundamental aspect of investing that plays a crucial role in the financial landscape. This comprehensive guide aims to cover the concept of dividends, exploring how they work, their significance for investors, and factors influencing dividend payouts.
gen diffuses Oxygen enters a from the blood to red blood cell. the bo.pdf
gen diffuses Oxygen enters a from the blood to red blood cell. the body\'s tissues oxygen is di
through blood from the alveoli vessels to a into sumounding capillaries. capillary. a molecule of
hemoglobin reset help
Solution
Steps wise -
1.Oxygen is carried through blood vessels to a capillary.
2.Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into surrounding capillaries.
3.Oxygen enters a red blood cell.
4.Oxygen binds to a molecule of hemoglobin.
5.Oxygen diffuses form the blood to the body\'s tissues..
Fill in parameters Public New Hash table (int initial Capacity, floa.pdf
Fill in parameters Public New Hash table (int initial Capacity, float load Factor) Constructs a
new, empty hash table with the specified initial capacity and the specified load factor.
Parameters: initial Capacity - the initial capacity of the hash table. load Factor - the load factor of
the hash table. Throws: if the initial capacity is less than zero, or if the load factor is nonpositive.
public New hostable (int initial 1Capac.ity) Constructs a new, empty hash table with the
specified initial capacity and default load factor (0.75). Parameters: initia1Capacity - the initial
capacity of the hash table. Throws: IllegalArqumentException - if the initial capacity is less than
zero. public NewHashtable() Constructs a new, empty hash table with a default initial capacity
(11) and load factor (0.75).
Solution
//NewHashTable.java
import java.util.LinkedList;
@SuppressWarnings({ \"unchecked\", \"unused\", \"rawtypes\", \"hiding\" })
public class NewHashTable {
//private class to hold a key and its value
private class HashEntry{
private K key;
private V value;
public HashEntry(K key, V value){
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
}
public String toString(){
return key+\"=\"+value;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if(!(obj instanceof HashEntry))
return false;
HashEntry other = (HashEntry) obj;
return (key.equals(other.key));
}
}
private int capacity;
private float loadFactor;
private LinkedList[] table;
private int size;
//Default Constructor
public NewHashTable(){
capacity = 11;
loadFactor = .75f;
table =new LinkedList[capacity];
for(LinkedList bucket : table)
bucket = null;
size = 0;
}
//One argument Constructor
//@param initialCapacity initial capacity of table
public NewHashTable(int initialCapacity){
if(initialCapacity<0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"\"+initialCapacity);
capacity = initialCapacity;
loadFactor = .75f;
table = new LinkedList[capacity];
for(LinkedList bucket : table)
bucket = null;
size = 0;
}
//Two argument Constructor
//@param initialCapacity initial capacity of this NewHashTable
//@param loadFactor customized loadFactor
public NewHashTable(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor){
if(initialCapacity<0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"Capacity: \"+initialCapacity);
if(loadFactor<0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"Load Factor: \"+loadFactor);
capacity = initialCapacity;
this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
}
//@return capacity the capacity of this NewHashTable
public int getCapacity(){
return capacity;
}
//@return true if this NewHashTable is empty, false otherwise
public boolean isEmpty(){
return size==0;
}
//@return size the number of keys in this NewHashTable
public int size(){
return size;
}
//@param key key to be searched for in this NewHashTable
//@return true if key is found within this NewHashTable
public boolean containsKey(K key){
int hash = Math.abs(key.hashCode()%capacity);
return table[hash]!=null
&&table[hash].contains(new HashEntry(key,null));
}
//Increases the capacity and reorganizes this Ne.
More Related Content
Similar to 1. You serve as an outside director for the Supplies, a multi-billio.pdf
Role Of Financial Management
The document provides an overview of financial management. It discusses the three main decision areas that financial managers deal with: investment decisions, financing decisions, and asset management decisions. It also explains that the goal of financial management is to maximize shareholder wealth by increasing the share price through both current and future profits in a way that accounts for risk. Additionally, it covers topics such as agency theory, corporate governance, and the roles and responsibilities of key financial positions within an organization.
Chapter 1 - the role of financial management
The document provides an overview of financial management. It discusses the three main decision areas that financial managers deal with: investment decisions, financing decisions, and asset management decisions. It also explains that the goal of financial management is to maximize shareholder wealth by increasing share price. Additionally, it covers topics such as agency theory, corporate governance, and the roles and responsibilities of key financial positions within an organization.
Rights of share holders’ of a company
1. Common shareholders have six main rights: voting power on major issues, ownership in a portion of the company, the right to transfer ownership, entitlement to dividends, opportunity to inspect corporate books and records, and the right to sue for wrongful acts.
2. In addition to these six rights, corporate governance policies are also important in determining how a company treats shareholders.
3. A shareholder rights plan outlines what actions a company's board can take to protect shareholder interests, such as exercising rights if another entity acquires a certain percentage of shares in an attempt to take over the company.
Solutions_Manual_Fundamentals_of_Corpora.pdf
This document provides answers to questions about corporate finance fundamentals. It discusses key topics like capital budgeting, capital structure, and working capital management. The answers describe things like the advantages and disadvantages of different business forms, the goals of for-profit versus not-for-profit organizations, and how agency problems can arise between managers and shareholders. The document also addresses questions about financial statements, taxes, cash flow, and issues like executive compensation.
Introduction to business finance by Ayesha Noor
Here is an introduction to what business finance is and what are the roles and responsibilities of financial manager. Includes various other business related terms.
Unit 3
The document discusses different types of business organizations including sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, franchises, cooperatives, nonprofits, and professional organizations. It outlines the key advantages and disadvantages of each type. For example, sole proprietorships have unlimited liability for owners but are easy to start up, while corporations have limited liability for owners but are more complex and expensive to form. The document also covers topics like labor trends, unions, and factors that impact wages.
Business Law (1).pdf
The document discusses various topics related to business law and financing including equity capital, loans, bankruptcy, and shareholder rights. It provides examples of financing methods like issuing bonds or shares. Alternative dispute resolution methods like arbitration and mediation are also discussed as alternatives to resolving legal issues compared to traditional court litigation. Overall, the document touches on a wide range of legal and financial concepts related to operating and funding businesses.
Dividend Decision
The document discusses different perspectives on corporate dividend policy. It outlines the facts about dividend payouts including types of dividends and how they are distributed. It then discusses two schools of thought on dividends: the dividend irrelevance theory proposed by Miller and Modigliani, which argues that dividends do not affect firm value; and the good-bad signaling theory, which posits that dividends can signal management confidence or financial health. The document also notes the increasing trend of share repurchases compared to dividends and debates whether repurchases or dividends are better for investors.
Facebook Inc: A Look at corporate governance Case Study
Facebook uses a mix of cash and equity compensation for its executives. Mark Zuckerberg, as the founder and CEO, has majority voting control over the company due to his ownership of class B shares, which give him around 53-60% of total voting power. As a controlled company, Facebook is not required to have an independent board or compensation committee. However, the company's board is still majority independent and holds meetings without management present. The fact that median Facebook employee pay is over $240,000 could impact corporate governance by prompting public discussions, increasing pressure to raise standard employee pay, and forcing the board to steadily increase compensation.
Chapter 3
This document discusses entrepreneurship and the principles, concepts, factors, types, and characteristics of different forms of business ownership. It also compares the advantages and disadvantages of sole proprietorships, partnerships, and companies. The key forms of business ownership covered are sole proprietorships, partnerships, and companies. Sole proprietorships are easy to start but have unlimited liability. Partnerships allow for more resources but can be unstable. Companies have the most access to capital but more regulatory requirements. The document also outlines the procedure for registering a new business, including choosing a name, business plan, licenses, and form of ownership.
CO3OrganizationalPl kijuidfu0dsgmsu0vmg0imrg8eu
This document discusses different organizational structures for businesses, including proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. It compares key aspects of each like ownership, liability, costs, continuity, capital requirements, and attractiveness for raising capital. The three main legal forms are compared in detail on these factors. The document also discusses designing an organization, including structure, selection criteria, training, and rewards. It outlines the duties of boards of directors and advisors and how they can support a growing business.
Advantages Disadvantages of JSC.pptx
This topic cover all the advantages and Disadvantages of Joint stock company in very easy language and reasonable examples
The-Management-of-Employee-Benefits-and-Services.pptx
The document discusses employee benefits and fringe benefits. It defines fringe benefits as non-monetary compensation beyond regular salaries and wages that contribute to improved work conditions and motivate employees. Benefits are classified as statutory benefits mandated by law or company benefits granted voluntarily. The objectives, philosophy, types, management, and evaluation of benefits programs are explained. Strategies for implementation include cost control, staffing adjustments, and communicating benefits to match employee demographics.
Trimming the Hedges
This document discusses shareholder activism and Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz's proposed bylaw prohibiting "golden leash" payments from activists to director nominees. It summarizes key terminology related to shareholder activism, such as hedge funds, proxy battles, and devices used by activists. While some activism has benefitted target companies, the bylaw aims to address concerns that activist-nominated directors may push for riskier strategies to increase compensation. The document concludes by arguing corporations should resist adopting such bylaws absent evidence that activists consistently harm long-term growth.
Dividend Policy and Procedure
This ppt is prepared to make familiar with the dividend policy which includes Types of Dividend policy, Procedure for declaring dividend, Why do companies declare dividend
Dividend Decisions
This document discusses factors that affect a company's dividend decision. It identifies 11 key factors: legal provisions, magnitude of earnings, shareholders' desires, industry nature, company age, taxation policy, control factors, liquidity position, future requirements, agency costs, and business risk. These factors influence a company's ability to pay dividends and how much it should pay out versus retaining earnings. The document also briefly outlines relevance and irrelevance theories of dividend decisions.
Discussion 1
This document provides an introduction to contemporary managerial finance. It discusses the goal of financial management, which is to maximize the value of owners' equity for for-profit organizations. It also examines agency problems that can arise between shareholders and managers due to conflicting interests. The document outlines different forms of business organization and notes that as businesses grow, the corporate form allows for easier raising of capital. It describes the role of the financial manager is to make decisions that increase stock value for shareholders.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT FINANCE
The document discusses the key concepts of financial management. It defines financial management as planning, organizing, and controlling financial activities such as procuring and using funds. The four main functions of financial management are discussed as:
1) Investment decisions, which involve capital budgeting and determining asset allocation.
2) Financing decisions, which involve determining optimal capital structure and sources of long-term financing.
3) Dividend decisions, which involve determining how much profits to distribute vs retain.
4) Working capital management, which involves managing day-to-day finances like collections and payments. The goal of financial management is to maximize the value of the firm.
Business organizations
This document discusses different types of business organizations including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. It provides details on the key characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of each:
1) Sole proprietorships are owned and managed by one person and make up most small businesses. They are easy to start but provide limited financial resources and liability falls solely on the owner.
2) Partnerships involve two or more owners who combine resources. They allow for more management participation and larger financial resources than sole proprietorships but also risk conflicts between partners and dissolution if a partner leaves.
3) Corporations are legal entities separate from their owners. They can raise large amounts of capital through selling stock but take more effort to
What Is a Dividend and How Do They Work?
Dividends are a fundamental aspect of investing that plays a crucial role in the financial landscape. This comprehensive guide aims to cover the concept of dividends, exploring how they work, their significance for investors, and factors influencing dividend payouts.
Similar to 1. You serve as an outside director for the Supplies, a multi-billio.pdf (20)
Facebook Inc: A Look at corporate governance Case Study
Facebook Inc: A Look at corporate governance Case Study
The-Management-of-Employee-Benefits-and-Services.pptx
The-Management-of-Employee-Benefits-and-Services.pptx
More from malavshah9013
gen diffuses Oxygen enters a from the blood to red blood cell. the bo.pdf
gen diffuses Oxygen enters a from the blood to red blood cell. the body\'s tissues oxygen is di
through blood from the alveoli vessels to a into sumounding capillaries. capillary. a molecule of
hemoglobin reset help
Solution
Steps wise -
1.Oxygen is carried through blood vessels to a capillary.
2.Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into surrounding capillaries.
3.Oxygen enters a red blood cell.
4.Oxygen binds to a molecule of hemoglobin.
5.Oxygen diffuses form the blood to the body\'s tissues..
Fill in parameters Public New Hash table (int initial Capacity, floa.pdf
Fill in parameters Public New Hash table (int initial Capacity, float load Factor) Constructs a
new, empty hash table with the specified initial capacity and the specified load factor.
Parameters: initial Capacity - the initial capacity of the hash table. load Factor - the load factor of
the hash table. Throws: if the initial capacity is less than zero, or if the load factor is nonpositive.
public New hostable (int initial 1Capac.ity) Constructs a new, empty hash table with the
specified initial capacity and default load factor (0.75). Parameters: initia1Capacity - the initial
capacity of the hash table. Throws: IllegalArqumentException - if the initial capacity is less than
zero. public NewHashtable() Constructs a new, empty hash table with a default initial capacity
(11) and load factor (0.75).
Solution
//NewHashTable.java
import java.util.LinkedList;
@SuppressWarnings({ \"unchecked\", \"unused\", \"rawtypes\", \"hiding\" })
public class NewHashTable {
//private class to hold a key and its value
private class HashEntry{
private K key;
private V value;
public HashEntry(K key, V value){
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
}
public String toString(){
return key+\"=\"+value;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if(!(obj instanceof HashEntry))
return false;
HashEntry other = (HashEntry) obj;
return (key.equals(other.key));
}
}
private int capacity;
private float loadFactor;
private LinkedList[] table;
private int size;
//Default Constructor
public NewHashTable(){
capacity = 11;
loadFactor = .75f;
table =new LinkedList[capacity];
for(LinkedList bucket : table)
bucket = null;
size = 0;
}
//One argument Constructor
//@param initialCapacity initial capacity of table
public NewHashTable(int initialCapacity){
if(initialCapacity<0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"\"+initialCapacity);
capacity = initialCapacity;
loadFactor = .75f;
table = new LinkedList[capacity];
for(LinkedList bucket : table)
bucket = null;
size = 0;
}
//Two argument Constructor
//@param initialCapacity initial capacity of this NewHashTable
//@param loadFactor customized loadFactor
public NewHashTable(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor){
if(initialCapacity<0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"Capacity: \"+initialCapacity);
if(loadFactor<0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"Load Factor: \"+loadFactor);
capacity = initialCapacity;
this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
}
//@return capacity the capacity of this NewHashTable
public int getCapacity(){
return capacity;
}
//@return true if this NewHashTable is empty, false otherwise
public boolean isEmpty(){
return size==0;
}
//@return size the number of keys in this NewHashTable
public int size(){
return size;
}
//@param key key to be searched for in this NewHashTable
//@return true if key is found within this NewHashTable
public boolean containsKey(K key){
int hash = Math.abs(key.hashCode()%capacity);
return table[hash]!=null
&&table[hash].contains(new HashEntry(key,null));
}
//Increases the capacity and reorganizes this Ne.
For Phantom Limb Syndrome, please describe the symptoms and the part .pdf
For Phantom Limb Syndrome, please describe the symptoms and the part of the brain affected
explicitly, and the cure. How do sea stars\' cat? Describe the Water Vascular System in Sea
Stars (WVS). What is its structure? How does the water get into the WVS? How does it control
the tube feet? Besides moving the tube feet, what does the WVS do?
Solution
1) Phantom limb syndrome is a condition or a sensation in which the cut or missed limb is being
still attached with the person\'s body. It can also be caused due to removal of the body parts due
to the certain reasons.. It affects the brain nerve ending called Neuromas..!!
The symptoms include limb pain in some cases, gesturing, feeling itchiness, and most important
is the feeling of one hand small and long which can bring to severe pain..!!
Some of the cure way of this is meditation, acupuncture, anti-depressants, spinal cord
stimulation..!! Some chemicals like morphine could also be a used...
3) water vascular system is a hydraulic water system present in echinodermata like sea stars.. It
help in food, water movement, locomotion, waste transportation and even respiration too..
They are composed of canals which connects to tube feet . it moves by contacting muscles
present in them which forces the water inside it resulting in extending, pushing on to the ground
and again retracing..
The structure of it is like it has a sieve like structure which is connected to central duct called
amphula. This amphula is connected to another duct called stone canal. This canal runs as a
ambulagrel grooves on each arm of the sea star underside..!! This gives its appearance like a tube
foot.
The contraction of the amphulle cause podia to stretch water inside which allows for the
movement..!!.
Explain why the organisms that were studied by Sergei Winogradsky co.pdf
Explain why the organisms that were studied by Sergei Winogradsky could not be grown on
Robert Koch’s plate media containing agar or gelatin.
Solution
The organisms studied by Sergei Winogradsky are lithotrophs. Lithotrophs are the organisms
that need inorganic nutrients to synthesise the biomolecules necessary for the survival. Robert
Koch’s plate media containing agar or gelatin provides only organic nutrients. So, the lithotrophs
studied by Sergei Winogradsky could not be grown on Robert Koch’s plate media..
Electron transport powers the first steps of photosynthesis. The fo.pdf
Electron transport powers the first steps of photosynthesis. The following diagram shows the
passage of electrons through the photosynthetic electron transport chain (ETC). a. What is the
source of the electrons (e) that enter Photosystem II (PSII)? What membrane are these
complexes embedded in? What is the final e^- acceptor for e^- leaving Photosystem I (PSI)?
(Please indicate both the unreduced and the reduced form of this acceptor) The light energy
captured by the photosynthetic reaction centers is used to establish a pH gradient across this
chloroplast membrane. (This means a gradient of H ions.) a. Indicate on the diagram above,
where the concentration of H is low and where it is high. How is this pH gradient established?
Specify at least 2 different ways. How is the H gradient (potential energy) used? What are the
products that the proton gradient made? Where in the chloroplast are they made?
Solution
Question number 1 :
A. In Higher plants, the ultimate source of the electrons passed to NADPH in plant (oxygenic)
photosynthesis is water. Photosynthetic bacteria use a variety of electron donors for this purpose
acetate, succinate, malate, or sulfide depending on what is available in a particular ecological
niche.
B. These photosystems are embedded in the thylokoid membranes. Higher plants contsins two
types of photosynthetic units associated with two different pigment systems, whcih obsorbs light
of different wavelengths.
C. The final electron acceptor in photosynthesis is NADP+, which is reduced to NADPH by
NADP reductase..
Describe 5 key traits the lung cancer cells within the primary tumor.pdf
Describe 5 key traits the lung cancer cells within the primary tumor acquire and why they are
significant.
•As genetic stability is lost and genetic mutations accumulate some of these mutation result in
advantageous changes to cellular function. As a result, lung cancer cells acquire traits effective
for growth and development of tumors and invasion into surrounding tissue. Describe five of the
traits lung cancer cells have that are advantageous and justify why you chose those traits.
Solution
Thanks for the question
1. self-sufficiency in growth signals- the cell can keep growing by itself
2. insensitivity to growth-inhibitory (antigrowth) signals - the cell looses the ability to restrict its
unrestricted growth
3. evasion of programmed cell death (apoptosis),- the cell looses the ability of the body to evade
death and discard.
4. limitless replicative potential - the cell can keep on multiplying as much as it can without any
blocks or barriers
5. sustained angiogenesis- there is a constant and adequate emergence of blood supply for the
new grown tissues and cells
6. tissue invasion and metastasis. - the cancer cells are able to spread themselves into other
tissues physically and through blood
Each of these physiologic changes cause the successful transformation of non cancer cells to
cancer cells and make ineffective the anticancer defense mechanism present in the cells. These
six capabilities are shared in common by most and perhaps all types of human tumors.
Regards.
Complete the ANOVA tableSourceDFSSMSBetween Groups35.pdf
Complete the ANOVA table
Source
DF
SS
MS
Between Groups
3
5
Within groups
12
337
total
472
How many groups were in the study
How many total observations were there
State the H0 and H1 and test at 5% level of significant
Source
DF
SS
MS
Between Groups
3
5
Within groups
12
337
total
472
Solution
How many groups were in the study
k = df1 + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4 [ANSWER]
*************
how many total observations were there
N = df1 + df2 + 1 = 3 + 12 + 1 = 16 [ANSWER]
********************
State the H0 and H1 and test at 5% level of significant
Ho: All the means in the 4 groups are equal.
Ha: At least 2 means in the 4 groups are different.
Here,
F = (SSB/df1) / (SSW/df2) = ((472-337)/3)/(337/12) = 1.602373887
As at 5%, df1 = 3, df2= 12,
Fcrit = 3.490294819
As F > Fcrit, we fail to reject Ho.
Thus, there is no significant evidence that at least 2 means are not equal. [CONCLUSION].
English Composition II - mutiple questions on researchQuestion 1 o.pdf
English Composition II - mutiple questions on research
Question 1 of 10
Question 2 of 10
A. You write on a topic without many sources
B. You write about a local problem
C. You want to interview an expert
D. all of the above
Question 3 of 10
A. academic and trade journals
B. newspapers
C. press releases
D. govertment reports
Question 4 of 10
A. PDF documents
B. radio and TV broadcasts
C. press releases
D. academic journals
Question 5 of 10
A. web pages, PDF documents, ebooks
B. books, textbooks, ebooks
C. popular and academic journals, magazines, books
D. multimedia, newspapers, magazines
Question 6 of 10
Question 7 of 10
A. course failure
B. suspension
C. dismissal from the college
D. all of the above
Question 8 of 10
Question 9 of 10
Question 10 of 10
A. facilitating
B. fabricating
C. plagiarizing
D. none of the above
Question 1 of 105.0 Points The Internet is often the most convenient place to begin research but
not always the best. A. TrueB. False Reset Selection
Question 2 of 105.0 Points Primary research is useful when:
A. You write on a topic without many sources
B. You write about a local problem
C. You want to interview an expert
D. all of the above Reset Selection
Question 3 of 105.0 Points Where do you find the most up-to-date research and information in
business?
A. academic and trade journals
B. newspapers
C. press releases
D. govertment reports Reset Selection
Question 4 of 105.0 Points Multimedia includes:
A. PDF documents
B. radio and TV broadcasts
C. press releases
D. academic journals Reset Selection
Question 5 of 105.0 Points Traditional publications include:
A. web pages, PDF documents, ebooks
B. books, textbooks, ebooks
C. popular and academic journals, magazines, books
D. multimedia, newspapers, magazines Reset Selection
Question 6 of 105.0 Points Many traditional resources are now available online. A. TrueB.
False Reset Selection
Question 7 of 105.0 Points Violating the college\'s policy on academic honesty could result in:
A. course failure
B. suspension
C. dismissal from the college
D. all of the above Reset Selection
Question 8 of 105.0 Points Fabricating a source is an example of academic dishonesty. A.
TrueB. False Reset Selection
Question 9 of 105.0 Points To avoid plagiarism, you should change a few words in the source
material before paraphrasing. A. TrueB. False Reset Selection
Question 10 of 105.0 Points Submitting an assignment someone else has written and claiming it
as your own is called:
A. facilitating
B. fabricating
C. plagiarizing
D. none of the above
Solution
Ans(1):
A. True
Ans(2):
D. all of the above
Ans(3):
B. newspapers
Ans(4):
B. radio and TV broadcasts
Ans(5):
C. popular and academic journals, magazines, books
Ans(6):
A. True
Ans(7):
D. all of the above
Ans(8):
A. True
Ans(9):
B. False
Ans(10):
C. plagiarizing.
Customers arrive at a bank tellers booth at a rate of 2 per minute.pdf
Customers arrive at a bank teller\'s booth at a rate of 2 per minute. What is the probability (to
four decimal places) that 4 customers will arrive at the bank teller\'s booth within the next minute
(assume a Poisson distribution)
Solution
Possion Distribution
PMF of P.D is = f ( k ) = e- x / x!
Where
= parameter of the distribution.
x = is the number of independent trials
P( X = 4 ) = e ^-2 * 2^4 / 4! = 0.0902.
Create a JAVA program that performs file IO and database interaction.pdf
Create a JAVA program that performs file IO and database interaction via SQL. The program
needs to read data from the provided file: \"Project.csv\" and insert the data into a database. Then
the program needs to create a report from the database sorted by price descending. The report
should be in the format demonstrated below.
id (primary key - generated by the database)
cpuname
performance
price
Project.csv contents:CPU NamePerformancePrice (USD)Intel Core i7-3770K @
3.50GHz9,556$560.50Intel Core i7-3770 @ 3.40GHz9,327$335.55Intel Core i7-3820 @
3.60GHz8,990$404.38AMD FX-8350 Eight-Core8,940$149.99Intel Core i7-2600K @
3.40GHz8,501$379.97Intel Core i7-2600 @ 3.40GHz8,242$214.99Intel Core i7-4720HQ @
2.60GHz8,046NAAMD FX-8320 Eight-Core8,008$145.99Intel Core i7-6700HQ @
2.60GHz7,997$1509Intel Core i7-4710HQ @ 2.50GHz7,826NAIntel Core i5-6600K @
3.50GHz7,762$239.99Intel Core i7-4700HQ @ 2.40GHz7,754$383.00Intel Core i7-4700MQ
@ 2.40GHz7,736$467.40Intel Core i5-4690K @ 3.50GHz7,690$239.99AMD FX-8150 Eight-
Core7,619$165.99Intel Core i7-3630QM @ 2.40GHz7,604$304.49Intel Core i5-4670K @
3.40GHz7,598$249.99Intel Core i5-4690 @ 3.50GHz7,542$224.99Intel Core i7-3610QM @
2.30GHz7,460$399.99Intel Core i5-4670 @ 3.40GHz7,342$226.99Intel Core i5-4590 @
3.30GHz7,174$199.99Intel Core i7-4702MQ @ 2.20GHz7,146NAIntel Core i5-3570K @
3.40GHz7,130$477.23
Solution
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Main
{
/**
* This the main function that runs at the start
* param args - input arguments from the command line
*/
static public void main(String[] args)
{
CPUList cpuList = new CPUList(); //The CPUList used to retrieve data from the
fiile and store in the db
CPUList cpuListRetrieved = new CPUList(); //The CPUList used to retrieve data from the
database
CpuDb cpuDb = new CpuDb(); //The database object used to move data to and
from the CPU Lists
try
{
//Read in the file and store each line into the CPU objects in a list
Files.lines(Paths.get(\"Project04Data.csv\"))
.map(line -> line.split(\"\ \ \")) // Stream
.flatMap(Arrays::stream) // Stream
.forEach(line -> cpuList.AddCpu(line));
//Clear the list table for the new listing
cpuDb.Clear();
//Insert the Cpu List into the database
cpuDb.SetCpuList(cpuList);
//Retrieve the Cpu List into a different CPU List object from the database
cpuDb.GetCpuList(cpuListRetrieved);
//Show the report from the new list that was retrieved from the database
cpuListRetrieved.ShowReport();
} catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
CPUList.java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class CPUList
{
ArrayList theList = new ArrayList<>();
/**
* Default constructor for the CPU
*/
public void CPUList()
{
}
/**
* param strInputLine Input line to be used in creating the CPU object
*/
public void AddCpu(String strInputLine)
{
theList.add(new CPU(strInputLine));
}
/**
* param tempCPU - A CPU object to.
Wolves were hunted and poisoned to extinction in Sweden and Norway b.pdf
Wolves were hunted and poisoned to extinction in Sweden and Norway by the mid-20th century.
Three wolves migrated from Russia and founded a new Scandinavian wolf population in the
early 1980s. That population now consists of approximately 100 animals. How large do you
think the Scandinavian wolf population should be to maintain genetic variation that may be
important for the viability (continued persistence) and continued evolution of this population?
There is some possibility of gene flow into this population from Russian wolves. Do you think
that it is important that gene flow between the Scandinavian and the Russian populations be
maintained in the future? Why?
Solution
There is no cut-off formula for calculating the length of population to maintain genetic diversity.
It is important to note that even after bottleneck effect populations are able to survive and are
able to maintain genetic diversity. Here, there are 100 animals; and these 100 animals are
heterozygous, not pure lines; because they have already mixed up with the Scandinavian
population. So, the population is large enough to maintain genetic variation.
Yes, there is further possibility of mixing of this population with Russian wolves further also; but
that possibility is very rare. This is so because wolves have already been extinct over there; as
per the question.
No, it is no more compulsion for gene flow between the two populations. This is so because the
populations have already diverged. And a subsequent amount of genetic variability has been
attained..
Describe the differences between OpenPGP, PGP and GPG.Solution.pdf
Describe the differences between OpenPGP, PGP and GPG.
Solution
All the three mentioned are encryption method and stands for PGP - Pretty Good Privacy,
GPG(GNU Privacy Guard)
The difference between three could be below:
Availability in market - PGP is a licensed product whereas OpenPGP and GPG are freewares.
Functionality - PGP is a encyrption method that uses hashing,compression, cyrptography
concepts, OpenPgP is an encryption method which uses processes that are interoperatable with
PGP and GPG is a encryption method which provides a graphical inerface to encrypt files..
Declaring a PointerTo define a pointer, use an asterisk, (), in t.pdf
Declaring a Pointer
To define a pointer, use an asterisk, (*), in the declaration to specify the variable will be a pointer
to the specified data type.
Recall that the name of an array holds the memory address of the first element of the array. The
second statement then would store the memory address of the first value in the variable valuePtr.
The name of a pointer is an identifier and must follow the rules for defining an identifier. Some
programmers place the letters ptr, a common abbreviation for pointer, at the end of the variable
name, others prefix a pointer with p_ or ptr_, and there are those who do nothing to distinguish a
pointer by its name. The naming of a pointer variable is a matter of programming style.
Once a pointer has been declared and initialized, it can be used to access the data to which it
points. In order to access this value, the dereference operator, *, must be used to prefix the name
of the pointer. From the code above, valuePtr holds the address of the first element of the values
array; therefore, *valuePtr will access the value 325. Add the following to main and execute the
program.
The output generated should look something like the following.
Where 0xbfad43e8 is a memory address displayed in hexadecimal.
Obtaining the Memory Address of a Variable
The address operator, &, is used to determine the memory address of a variable that is not an
array. Add code necessary to use fixed and setprecision, then add the following to main and run
the program to confirm the use of the address operator.
Using a Pointer to Alter Data
Just as the dereference operator is used to retrieve data, so too is it used to store data. Add the
following to function main and run the program.
The pointer, ratePtr, is used to change the data stored in payRate. The output of payRate
confirms the change.
Using a Pointer in an Expression
As previously shown, the value pointed to by a pointer variable can be retrieved by dereferencing
the pointer. In the above code, the retrieved value was simply displayed to the screen; however,
it can also be used in an expression. Add the following to main and execute the program.
Pointer Arithmetic
It is possible to add to or subtract from a memory address stored in a pointer. These actions can
be accomplished using the addition operator,+, subtraction operator, - and the increment and
decrement operators, ++ and --. This is helpful when accessing arrays via pointers.
The increment operator has been used to add the value 1 to a variable. When used with a pointer,
the increment operator adds the size of the data referenced to the memory address stored in the
pointer, effectively moving the pointer to the next data value. Building on the code from above,
add the following to main and execute the program.
We initialized valuePtr to the memory address of the first element of the array values.
Incrementing valuePtr instructs the computer to add four bytes, the size of an integer, to the
memory addressed stored in .
Who identified three key economic “advantages” that firms should hav.pdf
Who identified three key economic “advantages” that firms should have for FDI to occur?
Hawthorne
Roosevelt
Dunning
Maslow
Forda.
Hawthorneb.
Rooseveltc.
Dunningd.
Maslowe.
Ford
Solution
Option \"C\" is correct.
Dunning identified the three key economic advantages that firms should have for FDI to occur:
1. Ownership advantages
2. Location advantages
3. Internalization advantages.
Which of these is the largesta. The surface zoneb. The mixed la.pdf
Which of these is the largest?
a. The surface zone
b. The mixed layer
c. The deep zone
d. The bathypelagic zone
Solution
c. The bathypelagic zone ranges from 1000-4000m; that of the surface zone. i.e of epipalezic
zone is of 200m, the mixed layer or twilight or mesopalegic zone is of 200-1000m, and the deep
zone, hedapelazic zone is of approximately 5000m..
Which of the following concepts is exemplified by the story of Parus .pdf
Which of the following concepts is exemplified by the story of Parus major and the island of
Vlieland? Gene flow reduces the genetic differences between populations. Gene flow can affect
how well populations are adapted to local environmental conditions. Genetic drift is significant
in small populations. Genetic drift can lead to a loss of genetic variation within populations.
Relative fitness is not the same as fitness when calculated on a 0-1 scale.
Solution
ANS: E. Relative fitness is not the same as fitness when calculated on a 0-1 scale.
Explanation:
Ex: the great tit (Parus major) on the Dutch island of Vlieland.
In Parus major high immigrated central region birds have a lower fitness, when compare with the
low immigration birds which are present in east. This phenomenon clearly explains low
immigrated birds had higher fitness.
Definitions of Other Terminology:
Darwin\'s fitness:
It is the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its environment.
Fitness of an organism is measured by how many offspring it produces compared to other
individuals of a species.
Adaptation refers to the trait that increases organism fitness relative to individuals without the
trait.
Genetic drift:
It is random and happens in every population due to chance. Because of this smaller population
are more susceptible to the effect of genetic drift.
Gene pool:
Gene pool is a reservoir of all genes, which was present in a population. Gene pool corresponds
with a number of unique alleles present in a population..
You will be implementing the following functions. You may modify the.pdf
You will be implementing the following functions. You may modify the main to test the
functions, but this programwill work as a starting point.
//********** Function Prototypes ******************
//function isPrime
//input parameter - positive integer greater than 1
//returns true if the number is prime, otherwise false
//
bool isPrime (int number);
//function findPrimes
//input parameter - positive integer
//Uses the isPrime method to print a list of prime numbers between 1 and n.
void findPrimes (int n);
//function findFibo
//input parameter - positive integer
//returns the nth fibonacci number where
//Fib(0) -> 0
//Fib(1) -> 1
//Fib(N) -> Fib(N-2) + Fib(N-1)
//Note: You must use a loop in your solution. Also, if passed a 0, return 0.
int findFibo (int n);
//function findFactors
//input parameter - positive integer
//prints the prime factors of the given number to standard output (cout)
//example output: 52=2*2*13 (or 52=1*2*2*13) or 13=prime
//Hint: You will need nested loops for your solution.
void findFactors (int number);
Solution
#include
#include
using namespace std;
//********** Function Prototypes ******************
//function isPrime
//input parameter - positive integer greater than 1
//returns true if the number is prime, otherwise false
//
bool isPrime (int number);
//function findPrimes
//input parameter - positive integer
//Uses the isPrime method to print a list of prime numbers between 1 and n.
void findPrimes (int n);
//function findFibo
//input parameter - positive integer
//returns the nth fibonacci number where
//Fib(0) -> 0
//Fib(1) -> 1
//Fib(N) -> Fib(N-2) + Fib(N-1)
//Note: You must use a loop in your solution. Also, if passed a 0, return 0.
int findFibo (int n);
//function findFactors
//input parameter - positive integer
//prints the prime factors of the given number to standard output (cout)
//example output: 52=2*2*13 (or 52=1*2*2*13) or 13=prime
//Hint: You will need nested loops for your solution.
void findFactors (int number);
//****************** MAIN *****************************
int main ()
{
int testNum;
//test for the isPrime function
cout << \"Enter a test number - \";
cin >> testNum;
cout << endl;
if (isPrime(testNum))
cout << testNum << \" is prime.\" << endl;
else
cout << testNum << \" is not prime.\" << endl;
//test for how many primes
cout << \"Enter n to print the prime numbers between 1 and n: \";
cin >> testNum;
cout << endl;
findPrimes(testNum);
cout << endl;
//test for Fibonacci number finder
cout << \"Which Fibonacci number? \";
cin >> testNum;
cout << endl;
cout << \"The \" << testNum << \" Fibonacci number is : \" << findFibo(testNum) << endl;
cout << endl;
//test for prime factors
cout << \"Factor what number: \";
cin >> testNum;
cout << endl;
findFactors(testNum);
return 0;
}
//function isPrime
//input parameter - positive integer greater than 1
//returns true if the number is prime, otherwise false
//
bool isPrime (int number)
{
int c, f = 0;
if(number > 1)
{
for(c = 2; c < number; c++)
{
i.
When Elvis swims with the current, he swims 18km in 2 hours. Against.pdf
When Elvis swims with the current, he swims 18km in 2 hours. Against the current, he can swim
only 14km in the same time. How fast can Elvis swim in still water and what is the rate of the
current?
Solution
D=RT
R=D/T
R=18/2=9 KMH WITH THE CURRENT.
R=14/2=7 KMH AGAINST THE CURRENT.
(9-7)/2=2/2=1 KMH IS THE SPEED OF THE CURRENT.
PROOF:
9-1=8 SWIMMER\'S SPEED.
7+1=8 DITTO.
What tarsal is lateral to the medial cuneiform What tarsal is .pdf
What tarsal is lateral to the medial cuneiform?
What tarsal is lateral to the medial cuneiform?
Solution
Answer:
The tarsal bone lateral to the medial cuneiform is themiddle cuneiform (or the intermediate
cuneiform) .
There are seven tarsal bones and they are the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and the medial,
middle, and lateral cuneiforms. Among the three cuneiforms, the medial cuneiform (also known
as first cuneiform) is the largest cuneiform bone. Lateral to the medial cuneiform is the middle
cuneiform and its lateral surface is marked by an inverted L-shaped facet along the posterior and
superior margins for the middle cuneiform bone..
What is the definition of memory access timeA. The difference bet.pdf
What is the definition of memory access time?
A. The difference between read and write times
B, the time required to store data in the memory array
C. The time required to get valid output after a valid address is applied
D none of thee above
Also is read and times the same on typical computers the same or is one faster?
Solution
opptin B
Memory access time is how long it takes for a character in memory to be transferred to or from
the CPU.
More from malavshah9013 (20)
gen diffuses Oxygen enters a from the blood to red blood cell. the bo.pdf
gen diffuses Oxygen enters a from the blood to red blood cell. the bo.pdf
Fill in parameters Public New Hash table (int initial Capacity, floa.pdf
Fill in parameters Public New Hash table (int initial Capacity, floa.pdf
For Phantom Limb Syndrome, please describe the symptoms and the part .pdf
For Phantom Limb Syndrome, please describe the symptoms and the part .pdf
Explain why the organisms that were studied by Sergei Winogradsky co.pdf
Explain why the organisms that were studied by Sergei Winogradsky co.pdf
Electron transport powers the first steps of photosynthesis. The fo.pdf
Electron transport powers the first steps of photosynthesis. The fo.pdf
Describe 5 key traits the lung cancer cells within the primary tumor.pdf
Describe 5 key traits the lung cancer cells within the primary tumor.pdf
Complete the ANOVA tableSourceDFSSMSBetween Groups35.pdf
Complete the ANOVA tableSourceDFSSMSBetween Groups35.pdf
English Composition II - mutiple questions on researchQuestion 1 o.pdf
English Composition II - mutiple questions on researchQuestion 1 o.pdf
Customers arrive at a bank tellers booth at a rate of 2 per minute.pdf
Customers arrive at a bank tellers booth at a rate of 2 per minute.pdf
Create a JAVA program that performs file IO and database interaction.pdf
Create a JAVA program that performs file IO and database interaction.pdf
Wolves were hunted and poisoned to extinction in Sweden and Norway b.pdf
Wolves were hunted and poisoned to extinction in Sweden and Norway b.pdf
Describe the differences between OpenPGP, PGP and GPG.Solution.pdf
Describe the differences between OpenPGP, PGP and GPG.Solution.pdf
Declaring a PointerTo define a pointer, use an asterisk, (), in t.pdf
Declaring a PointerTo define a pointer, use an asterisk, (), in t.pdf
Who identified three key economic “advantages” that firms should hav.pdf
Who identified three key economic “advantages” that firms should hav.pdf
Which of these is the largesta. The surface zoneb. The mixed la.pdf
Which of these is the largesta. The surface zoneb. The mixed la.pdf
Which of the following concepts is exemplified by the story of Parus .pdf
Which of the following concepts is exemplified by the story of Parus .pdf
You will be implementing the following functions. You may modify the.pdf
You will be implementing the following functions. You may modify the.pdf
When Elvis swims with the current, he swims 18km in 2 hours. Against.pdf
When Elvis swims with the current, he swims 18km in 2 hours. Against.pdf
What tarsal is lateral to the medial cuneiform What tarsal is .pdf
What tarsal is lateral to the medial cuneiform What tarsal is .pdf
What is the definition of memory access timeA. The difference bet.pdf
What is the definition of memory access timeA. The difference bet.pdf
Recently uploaded
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneRHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Recently uploaded (20)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
1. You serve as an outside director for the Supplies, a multi-billio.pdf
- 1. 1. You serve as an outside director for the Supplies, a multi-billion dollar enterprise. You have been assigned to the Compensation Committee, which is being formed in response to outside pressure from shareholders. You note the following. First, activist organizations like CALPERS have a strong bias towards using options as an incentive compensation for management. Second, there are a number of scandals involving the use of options for compensation. Please discuss the policy arguments for aligning the compensation for the top-level executives to the future performance of the company, and reconcile if possible the two items noted above. 2. You are head of a committee that is evaluating whether your firm should change its state of incorporation. Currently, you are incorporated in a state that does not have much protection from takeovers, and the state you are evaluating has very strong anti-takeover laws. These laws make it very difficult for the company to be taken over by other companies. You are finding that many of your investors are strongly opposed to the move, while the CEO and upper management seem in favor. What can explain these two opposing positions? Solution The policy arguments for aligning the compensation for the top - level executives to the future performance of the company by way of stock options are as follows: 1. It gives a sense of ownership to the employees. 2. If the business is doing well, it will reflect in the share price and thus lead to profits and financial gains for the employees. 3. Generally stocks have a minimum vesting period and this leads to lower attrition as employees hold on till the options can be exercised, otherwise there will be loss of profit. 4. It helps the companee in avoiding direct payment of cash for compensation and the employee is also satisfied by the profits or the scope of profits from the options. 5. To avoid manupulation, strict adherance is rquired in not granting stock options back dated so as to avoid any employee making gains before a stock has appreciated. 2. The CEO and upper management is of the view to change the state of incorporation so that their position and company is secured and not asy to overtake. Their objective is to keep the company safe and keep theor rights. Changing the state of icorporation, gives them a comfort that under any circumstances, there cannot be a hostile takeover also and the mangement will still be in there hands. The investors on the other hand, want to achieve maximum appreciatin on their investment and hence, if in the future a better management is looking to take over the company, the investors would we willing for that decision.