The document discusses the story of the great tit (parus major) on the Dutch island of Vlieland, emphasizing that relative fitness differs from fitness measured on a 0-1 scale. It explains how low-immigration birds exhibit higher fitness than those from central regions, highlighting the effects of gene flow and genetic drift. Additionally, it defines key concepts such as Darwin's fitness, adaptation, genetic drift, and gene pool.

1. Which of the following concepts is exemplified by the story of Parus major and the island of
Vlieland? Gene flow reduces the genetic differences between populations. Gene flow can affect
how well populations are adapted to local environmental conditions. Genetic drift is significant
in small populations. Genetic drift can lead to a loss of genetic variation within populations.
Relative fitness is not the same as fitness when calculated on a 0-1 scale.
Solution
ANS: E. Relative fitness is not the same as fitness when calculated on a 0-1 scale.
Explanation:
Ex: the great tit (Parus major) on the Dutch island of Vlieland.
In Parus major high immigrated central region birds have a lower fitness, when compare with the
low immigration birds which are present in east. This phenomenon clearly explains low
immigrated birds had higher fitness.
Definitions of Other Terminology:
Darwin's fitness:
It is the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its environment.
Fitness of an organism is measured by how many offspring it produces compared to other
individuals of a species.
Adaptation refers to the trait that increases organism fitness relative to individuals without the
trait.
Genetic drift:
It is random and happens in every population due to chance. Because of this smaller population
are more susceptible to the effect of genetic drift.
Gene pool:
Gene pool is a reservoir of all genes, which was present in a population. Gene pool corresponds
with a number of unique alleles present in a population.