1- The invasive spotted lanternfly has made it to Vermont- It feeds on.docx
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1. The invasive spotted lanternfly has made it to Vermont. It feeds on apples and maple trees and deposits honeydew that attracts other pests and encourages mold growth. The Vermont Agency of Agriculture is therefore very concerned. As a scientist working for the US Department of Agriculture, you're working to better understand the genetic bases of traits in this emerging crop pest species. You've identified three important recessive traits, cold tolerance ( t ), super sweet honeydew ( h ) , and rapid development (d) that could affect their ability to colonize Vermont. Limited cold tolerance ( T ) , regular honeydew ( H ) , and normal development ( D ) are dominant. You know these traits are linked to some degree based on your observations of inheritance patterns. You want to map these traits to the chromosome and determine the genetic distance between the loci. You cross purebreeding spotted lanternflies with cold tolerance, super sweet honeydew, and rapid development with purebreeding spotted lanternflies with limited cold tolerance, regular honeydew, and normal development. You then testcross the resulting F1 progeny and observe the following 1000 F2 progeny. A) Determine the gene order and fill in the progeny genotypes in the table above using the gene annotations noted above. (4 pts) Draw a genetic map indicating the gene order and genetic distance between all 3 gene pairs in units of map distance (or cM ); show your work for full credit. Note: You can calculate distance of outer loci by summing. ( 9 pts) B) Determine if the observed frequency of double crossovers is consistent with the expected frequency by calculating the interference value (I). Interpret the results as the % fewer double recombinants than expected. (4 pts) .
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Chapter 19 Heredity Lesson 1 - Monohybrid Cross and Test Cross
This document provides background information on Gregor Mendel and his experiments with pea plants that formed the basis of genetics. It defines key genetic terms like phenotype, genotype, dominant, recessive, homozygous, and heterozygous. It then explains Mendel's monohybrid cross experiments, showing how a single trait is passed from parents to offspring in a 3:1 phenotypic ratio. An example monohybrid cross is shown using punnett squares to predict offspring genotypes and phenotypes.
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phenotype. Similarly, the r allele results in the recessive ‘round ears’ phenotype and the e allele
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True breeding (homozygous) flies were crossed to produce F1 offspring. Due to poor book-
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EarsDorsalEyes
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2) Wild-type Wild-type Wild-type 260
3) Round ears Wild-type Wild-type 4,390
4) Wild-type Double Dorsal Endless Eyes 4,100
5) Round ears Double Dorsal Wild-type 15
6) Wild-type Wild-type Endless Eyes 15
7) Round ears Wild-type Endless Eyes 510
8) Wild-type Double Dorsal Wild-type 480
10,000 total
a) What is the phenotype of the F1 flies?
b) What is the genotype of the F1 flies? Your answer should indicate the phase of linkage.
c) What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the original parent flies (previously not recorded)?
Your answer should indicate the phase of linkage.
d) Calculate the map distance in cM between each of the three loci and determine the gene order.
Show all work for full credit. (6 points)
Solution
a. The phenotype of the F1 flies is wild-type heterozygous at all locus.
b. The genotype of F1 flies
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c. The genotypes of parent flies: r D E and R d e
The phenotypes of parent flies: Round ears, Wild-type, Wild-type and Wild-type, Double Dorsal,
Endless Eyes
d.
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The distance between D and E
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A three point cross was performed using fruit flies. The three loci are physically linked on the
same autosome. The d allele, in the homozygous state, results in the recessive ‘double dorsal’
phenotype. Similarly, the r allele results in the recessive ‘round ears’ phenotype and the e allele
in the recessive ‘endless eye’ phenotype. In contrast, the D, R, and E alleles encode for the
dominant wild type phenotypes at each of these loci.
True breeding (homozygous) flies were crossed to produce F1 offspring. Due to poor book-
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Show all work for full credit. (6 points)
Solution
a. The phenotype of the F1 flies is wild-type heterozygous at all locus.
b. The genotype of F1 flies
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d.
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© 2012 Laureate Education, Inc. Inheritance Lab Back.docx
© 2012 Laureate Education, Inc.
Inheritance Lab Background
Background on Mendelian Genetics
When traits are the result of a single gene with a few distinct alleles, you may use the logic of
Mendelian genetics to predict the genotypes of offspring. To apply Mendelian genetics, you must
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and the recessive allele is no freckles (f). A heterozygous parent with a genotype of Ff mates with
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f f
F Ff Ff
f ff ff
Based on what you know about Mendelian genetics, what percentage of the offspring in the
Punnett square above will display freckles?
You may also use Mendelian genetics to infer possible genotypes of parents based on the
phenotype of a child. For example, if a child displays freckles, what are his or her possible
genotypes? (Hint: There are two possible genotypes.) Based on this answer, what genotypes
might the parents have? (Hint: There are more than two possible genotypes for the parents.)
Continuing with the above example, imagine that you do not know your birth parents and have no
siblings, but that you do have freckles. Thus, your phenotype is F, but what is your genotype?
Both an FF and an Ff individual would display freckles, so your genotype could be either of these.
Using Mendelian genetics, you can infer the different possible pairings of parental phenotypes
that would lead to your genotypes. For instance, let’s examine the case in which you are a
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Ff genotype.
Any of the following parental crosses are possible:
FF x Ff
FF x ff
Ff x Ff
Does this make sense? If not, run a Punnett square on each cross. (See pages 157–158 in your
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© 2012 Laureate Education, Inc.
BACKGROUND ON PHENOTYPES
For this lab, you will identify your phenotype for a variety of physical characteristics, and infer
your possible genotypes based on the phenotype. Then you will infer possible genotypes for each
of your parents.
Save the Inheritance Lab Report document to your computer so you may complete an
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Morgan established the chromosome theory of inheritance through his work with genetic linkage and mapping in fruit flies. His student Sturtevant created the first genetic linkage map by ordering genes based on their recombination frequencies on fruit fly chromosomes. Genetic linkage mapping is based on the principle that genes located closer together on a chromosome assort together more often than genes farther apart due to less recombination between linked genes. This technique allows genes to be ordered and distances between genes to be measured in centiMorgans based on recombination frequencies observed in test crosses.
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© 2012 Laureate Education, Inc.
Inheritance Lab Background
Background on Mendelian Genetics
When traits are the result of a single gene with a few distinct alleles, you may use the logic of
Mendelian genetics to predict the genotypes of offspring. To apply Mendelian genetics, you must
understand the following terms: genotype, phenotype, dominant allele, recessive allele,
heterozygous, homozygous, and Punnett square.
Here is an example of a Punnett square. In this example, we will assume that having freckles is a
simple single allele example of Mendelian genetics and that the dominant allele is freckles (F)
and the recessive allele is no freckles (f). A heterozygous parent with a genotype of Ff mates with
a homozygous parent who has an ff genotype. This is an example:
f f
F Ff Ff
f ff ff
Based on what you know about Mendelian genetics, what percentage of the offspring in the
Punnett square above will display freckles?
You may also use Mendelian genetics to infer possible genotypes of parents based on the
phenotype of a child. For example, if a child displays freckles, what are his or her possible
genotypes? (Hint: There are two possible genotypes.) Based on this answer, what genotypes
might the parents have? (Hint: There are more than two possible genotypes for the parents.)
Continuing with the above example, imagine that you do not know your birth parents and have no
siblings, but that you do have freckles. Thus, your phenotype is F, but what is your genotype?
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Using Mendelian genetics, you can infer the different possible pairings of parental phenotypes
that would lead to your genotypes. For instance, let’s examine the case in which you are a
heterozygote for freckles and consider what possible parental crosses could have resulted in the
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Any of the following parental crosses are possible:
FF x Ff
FF x ff
Ff x Ff
Does this make sense? If not, run a Punnett square on each cross. (See pages 157–158 in your
course text for how to use a Punnett square. You may also practice using a Punnett square by
referring to the Punnett square calculator listed in the Optional Resources section.) You can also
predict which of the above crosses would be most likely by considering which of these pairings is
most likely to give an Ff offspring (e.g., 25%, 50%, or 100% probability).
You will use this logic by identifying several particular phenotypes and then infer your parents’
possible genotypes.
© 2012 Laureate Education, Inc.
BACKGROUND ON PHENOTYPES
For this lab, you will identify your phenotype for a variety of physical characteristics, and infer
your possible genotypes based on the phenotype. Then you will infer possible genotypes for each
of your parents.
Save the Inheritance Lab Report document to your computer so you may complete an
electronic vers.
Chapter 4. Genetics and Evolution.pptx
Genetics
-. Basic Principles of Mendelian Genetics and Patterns of Inheritance
-Molecular Genetics & Inheritance
-. Protein Synthesis
- Mutations
-. Manipulation of DNA
-. ABO blood groups and Rh Factors
Evolution
- Theories on the origin of life on Earth
-. Theories of Evolution
CJ 317 CJ StatisticsChapter 5 – NIBRS ExercisesLet’s work wi.docx
This document discusses exercises using assault case data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). It includes instructions to calculate statistics like the mean, standard deviation, and percentages for offender age in the cases. It also describes generating histograms of victim age and comparing the distributions to a normal curve. The exercises are meant to analyze the data and make probabilistic statements about the ages of offenders and victims in the assault cases.
Project_2_plantmonsters_final_SciencePub_revised
1) A science project explores advanced concepts in Mendelian genetics through genetically engineered carnivorous "plantfairies" and their dangerous mutant offspring, "plantmonsters".
2) Students perform dihybrid crosses to identify genotypes of plantfairies and determine which may carry alleles for the plantmonster mutation.
3) The results of the crosses help researchers decide which plantfairies can be safely kept and which may need to be destroyed to prevent the spread of the dangerous mutation.
NEST 2014 Question Paper
The document provides instructions for the National Entrance Screening Test (NEST) to be held on 2014. It details that the test will be 3 hours long and contain 5 sections worth 50 marks each. One of the sections is general and students must attempt it along with 3 of the 4 subject sections. Calculators and electronic devices are not allowed. Answers must be marked on an optical mark recognition (OMR) sheet using the provided code. The document also provides some useful physical constants and the atomic masses of some elements as reference.
1 Using the results of Mendels single factor crosses expl.pdf
1. Using the results of Mendel's single factor crosses, explain how his research refuted blending
inheritance and supported particulate theory of inheritance. In your answer provide a clear
explanation for each theory and how Mendel's data fits into this broad finding. 2. In tomatoes, red
fruit color is dominant to yellow. Suppose a tomato plant homozygous for red is crossed with one
homozygous for yellow. Determine the appearance of: (a) the Fl tomatoes (b) the F2 tomatoes (c)
the offspring of a cross of the F1 tomatoes back to the red parent (d) the offspring of a cross of the
F1 tomatoes back to the yellow parent3. A tropical fish tancier produced an albino rebra fish. It
lacked blue stripes characteristic of the normal sebra fish. When she crossed a normal zebra fish
to the albino, all the offipring were normal. When she crossed two of the normal F1 offspring, $4
were albino and % were: normal. When an altino was crossed to the normal offspring, half were
aibino and half were normal. What is the genotype and phenotype of each fish mentioned in this
problem? 4. In pea plants, the appearance of flowers along the main stem is a dominant
phenotype called "axial" and is controlled by an allele T. The recessive phenotype, produced by an
allele t, has flowers only at the end of the stem called "terminal". Pod form displays a dominant
phenotype "inflated", controlled by allele F, and a recessive "constricted" form produced by allele f
. A pure-breeding axial, constricted plant is crossed to one that is purebreeding terminal, inflated.
A. The F1 progeny of this cross are allowed to self-fertilize. What is the expected phenotypic
distribution of the F2 progeny? List the genotypes and phenotypes of the F1 generation and the
phenotypes of the F2 progeny. B. If an F1 plant from the initial cross described above, is crossed
to a plant that is terminal, constricted, what is the expected phenotypic distribution among the
resulting progeny?.
Sci 9A Lesson 1 Mar 14 - Introduction to Genetics
Gregor Mendel is known as the "Father of Genetics" for his experiments breeding pea plants in the 1800s. Through his experiments, Mendel discovered that offspring inherit traits from their parents and developed the laws of inheritance. Specifically, he found that traits are inherited as discrete "particles" (now known as genes and alleles) and that some traits are dominant over others. Mendel's work formed the basis of modern genetics and provided evidence that traits are passed from parents to offspring according to genetic rules.
SCI 9A Lesson 1 Mar 14 - Introduction to Genetics
Gregor Mendel is known as the "Father of Genetics" for his experiments breeding pea plants in the 1800s. Through his experiments, Mendel discovered that offspring inherit traits from their parents and developed the laws of inheritance. Specifically, he found that traits are inherited as discrete "particles" (now known as genes and alleles) and that some traits are dominant over others. Mendel's work formed the basis of modern genetics and provided evidence that traits are passed from parents to offspring according to genetic rules.
GENETICS.pptx
1. Gregor Mendel discovered genetics through experiments with pea plants. He found that traits separated and assorted independently during reproduction according to his laws of inheritance.
2. Genes determine traits and exist in different alleles that are passed from parents to offspring. Dominant alleles will be expressed over recessive alleles.
3. Mendel's experiments showed monohybrid and dihybrid inheritance followed predictable ratios through the generations. His work formed the foundations of classical genetics.
Mendelian-Genetics(Science grade 9).pptx
1) The document discusses Mendelian genetics and provides explanations of key genetics concepts such as genotype, phenotype, dominant and recessive traits, monohybrid crosses, and Punnett squares.
2) It summarizes Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants and his discovery of the laws of segregation and independent assortment.
3) Examples of monohybrid crosses using Punnett squares are provided to predict offspring genotypes and phenotypes based on parental traits.
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© 2012 Laureate Education, Inc. Inheritance Lab Back.docx
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1- The invasive spotted lanternfly has made it to Vermont- It feeds on.docx
- 1. 1. The invasive spotted lanternfly has made it to Vermont. It feeds on apples and maple trees and deposits honeydew that attracts other pests and encourages mold growth. The Vermont Agency of Agriculture is therefore very concerned. As a scientist working for the US Department of Agriculture, you're working to better understand the genetic bases of traits in this emerging crop pest species. You've identified three important recessive traits, cold tolerance ( t ), super sweet honeydew ( h ) , and rapid development (d) that could affect their ability to colonize Vermont. Limited cold tolerance ( T ) , regular honeydew ( H ) , and normal development ( D ) are dominant. You know these traits are linked to some degree based on your observations of inheritance patterns. You want to map these traits to the chromosome and determine the genetic distance between the loci. You cross purebreeding spotted lanternflies with cold tolerance, super sweet honeydew, and rapid development with purebreeding spotted lanternflies with limited cold tolerance, regular honeydew, and normal development. You then testcross the resulting F1 progeny and observe the following 1000 F2 progeny. A) Determine the gene order and fill in the progeny genotypes in the table above using the gene annotations noted above. (4 pts) Draw a genetic map indicating the gene order and genetic distance between all 3 gene pairs in units of map distance (or cM ); show your work for full credit. Note: You can calculate distance of outer loci by summing. ( 9 pts) B) Determine if the observed frequency of double crossovers is consistent with the expected frequency by calculating the interference value (I). Interpret the results as the % fewer double recombinants than expected. (4 pts)