The document discusses various operating systems, focusing on their unique features, user bases, and development. It highlights the differences between desktop operating systems like Linux and Mac OS X, as well as mobile operating systems like iOS and Android. Additionally, it traces the evolution of mobile operating systems and their impact on market dynamics, particularly the decline of Nokia following the rise of Android and iOS.

1. 1) Operating systems provide a platform where there is strategic
management of both hardware and software to improve
computer performance. Different operating systems achieve
diverse user needs which provide a greater emphasis on
important aspects that make the existing different operating
systems unique and different. Silberschatz et al. (2018) assert
that the coordination of various programs within a computer
system is based on the efficiency of the underlying operating
system. The currently existing operating systems use a graphical
user interface which hides complex applications that are
executed in the background making it possible and easy for a
user to use a computer system without having to understand the
complex programs and processes that are run.
Linux is one of the existing open source operating systems in
the world. The open source element means that the operating
system can be modified as well as distributed by anyone without
any limitations as per the GNU licenses. This operating system
is free and is available in different versions where a user
decides a specific version depending on the ease to use based on
their skills. Linux is just a kernel, and the Linux distribution
makes it complete and easy to use.
Mac OS X is an operating system that was developed by Apple,
and the company holds all exclusive rights to the system which
include selling, distribution, and update. The system comes pre-
loaded in all Macintosh computers. The company has been
producing updated versions regularly with the latest El Capitan
released in 2015. According to Peter et al. (2016), Mac OS X
users account for less than 10% globally. One of the reasons
that explain this trend is due to the high cost of Apple
computers which makes it less preference for most people.

2. 2) Mobile technologies such as tablet and smartphone use
operating systems such as Android and iOS. It is, therefore,
evident that both Android and iOS are mobile technologies, but
what is the difference between them? Android and iOS can be
differentiated in many aspects. For instance, the transfer of
files. The transfer of files in iOS is more difficult, and files are
only transferred by iTunes desktop. On the other hand, file
transfer in Android is easier and is done using either the
Android File or Transfer desktop app. In both cases, photos are
transferred using USB without the apps (Bala, Sharma & Kaur,
2015).
Again, source model and OS family. Android is partly open
source and Linux-based, and its fundamental features are more
customizable (Bala, Sharma & Kaur, 2015). The uniform design
of iOS elements is described as more user-friendly. While
Android is partly open source and Linux-based, iOS is closed
with components of open source, and it is both OS X- and
UNIX-based (Bala, Sharma & Kaur, 2015). Additionally, but
not least, jailbreaking, bootloaders, and rooting. According to
Bala, Sharma, Kaur (2015), users of Android have complete
control and access over their devices, thus have the ability to
unlock the bootloader. On the other hand, users of iOS do not
have complete control and access over their operating system,
thus unable to unlock their bootloader (Bala, Sharma & Kaur,
2015).
Moreover, cloud services. iOS integrate with the iCloud, and
apps are available for Google Photos, Dropbox, OneDrive,
Amazon Photos, and Google Drive. On the other hand, Android
integrate using Google cloud storage, and apps are available for
Dropbox, Amazon Photos, and OneDrive (Bala, Sharma & Kaur,
2015).

3. 3)Comparing UNIX vs LINUX:
Operating system is the computer software that runs on the
computer and it used to manage the computer hardware,
software, memory and processes on the computer. It allows the
computer users to communicate with computer without knowing
the computer language. Without operating system it’s almost
impossible to operate the computer system. Unix operating was
developed in late 1960s at AT&T Bell labs and it was developed
in C language. It was developed by Ken Thomson of Bell Labs.
Unix operating system works on Command line interface where
but recently they have developed a GUI as well. Linux was
developed by Linux Torvalds at the university of Helsinki in
1991. Linux operating system takes instruction from computer
applications and return the results to application visa Linux OS.
Linux can be installed on any devices like phones, tablets etc.
Linux is completely free and can be downloaded from the
websites, but the paid versions are also available where as
different versions of Unix has different prices based on the
vendor providing it. Linux is open source and any one can
collaborate online and contribute to its development. Unix
development is mostly done AT&T Bell labs and other vendors
associated with it. Linux users are developers, home users,
computer enthusiast where Unix can be only used in internet
servers, workstations and PCs. Linux is portable and it can be
carried in USB stick where Unix is not portable. The file types
supported by Linux are xfs, nfs, cramfsm ext 1 to 4, ufs, devpts,
NTFS where as file types supported by Unix are zfs, hfx, GPS,
xfs, vxfs. Different versions of Linux are RedHat, Ubuntu,
OpenSuse, Solaris etc. whereas different versions of Unix are
AIX,BSD, HP-UX etc. Linux has reported around 60 to 100
virus in it where as Unix has reported at around 80 to 120.
BASH is the default Linux shell but it can be operated by
different interpreter Where Unix can be interpreted by different

4. shells.
4) In this rising condition, we will in general work on a wide
range of parts of life. The greater part of the things we do
incorporate innovation or a standard tech stack to have the
capacity to chip away at that. For the reason to compose, talk,
or to convey in any sense, to discover data in regards to
anything on the planet has been made conceivable with the
utilization of a convenient gadget called phone(mobile), which
chips away at a kind of working framework. There are a wide
range of portable working framework exists however two
fundamental goliaths are iOS(Apple) and Android(Google).
iOS: iOS is a working framework created and propelled by
Apple. The most critical and one of a kind factor of this
working framework is that it requires innovation or fundamental
working framework worked by Apple only (Mac OS). This
working framework still holds the title of best dependable os as
it is the best and versatile os out there. To fabricate diverse
applications for this gadget it ought to be done through device
called Xcode. Distinctive sorts of devices are accessible for ios
to test the application and dispatch into the application store
like Instruments, Testflight, and so forth. iOS application can
be written in two dialects i.e; Swift and Objective C. iOS have
all the significant library access to be accessible and made it to
the open source.
Android: Android created by Google. This working framework
being utilized by various portable organizations shooting their
wide scope of gadgets out in general society by keeping their
market top an incentive better than average and since their
gadgets come less expensive than contrasted contender it tends
with be most utilized os in people in general. Android
applications can be based on Android Studio instrument. To test
the applications there are numerous inward instruments

5. accessible and comparably physically you can allot this
undertaking to a robotization device like Appium to discover
the bugs. Android applications can be written in Java for the
most part yet chiefly logo blocks can likewise be utilized.
5) Back in 2000’s when the operating systems are being
introduced to mobile to have a common interface easy manner
and useful qualities, the mobile manufacturing giants like
Microsoft, Blackberry, Nokia have established a huge user base.
They have different targeted audience like Microsoft who likes
the phones to have a similar outlook of their personal
computers. Blackberry was mostly concentrated on business
specific people and users which has more of enterprise options
rather than fancy features. Symbian was a generic use and it had
most of the users out of all the available operating systems.
They included most of the gaming, enterprise options and out of
all the operating systems Symbian reached mostly and it was the
major success factor for Nokia which ruled the mobile industry
until the introduction of Android operating system.
In 2008, Apple introduced a new operating system with the
launch of their first iPhone called iOS which was called a first
smart phone of its kind. Later a group of companies united and
formed an alliance called OSI to create an operating system
Android operating system. This was owned by Google. With
their introduction of their own features all of the existing
operating systems have been outdated and skipped. It is being
named as the worst decision which Nokia has took to not to
support Android operating systems. It led to their company’s
selling to Microsoft and they eventually sold it to a company
called HMD global.